高中英语主旨大意题 做题技巧 及习题

二阅读理解—主旨大意题

1.主旨大意：主旨大意题是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。这类题主要考查学生把握全文内容或概括总结的能力，是学生最易犯错的题型。

大致分为：标题文章主旨段落主旨

2.解题要点：1）抓住主题句，概括中心思想2）略读

3.主旨大意题的命题方式通常有以下几种：

1）The general/main idea of the passage is about ____．

2）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage？

3）In this passage the author discusses primarily ____．

4）The passage is mostly about ____．

5）The passage is mainly concerned about ____．

6）What is the main topic of the passage？

7）What is the best title for the passage？

8）Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one?

9）The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …

10）The passage is meant to ….

解题技巧

如何找主题句1）位置记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句

夹叙夹议文: 主题句常在议论中

说明文: 一般在首段

议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末段（作

者观点的重申）。当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文

章中间。

2）关键词关注结论性或转折性的词therefore, as a result, thus, so, for example, in fact,

moreover, furthermore, what’s more, most important of all, but, however, rather,

yet，above all，find，in conclusion, in short, all in all , overall, clearly, In fact…

3)无明显主题句主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，

在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。

4)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.

5)关注高频词(常为名词)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最

明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也

叫做主题词

Example 1

1）People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.

2）English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English.

主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

Example 2

1）Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.

2）In America they have a saying much laughed at by the English :”Have a nice day” they speak slowly and seriously in their shop, hotels and sandwich bars. I think it is a wonderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, to enjoy the moment: to value this very day

主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。

Example 3

1）Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

2）For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.

当主题句被安排在段中时, 作者往往从具体的事例谈起, 随之归纳出主题, 然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论, 使立论更加清楚, 具有很强的说服力, 即以“立”为主, 对正面观点进行阐述

Example 4 （无主题句）

1）Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

Example 5（关联词）

1）The study on the impact of light on teenagers’ sleeping habits finds that insufficient daily morning light exposure contributes to teenagers not getting enough sleep.

50. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Lack of Morning Light Keeping Teenagers up at Night

B. Light Therapy Can Reduce Health Risks of Teenagers.

C. Measures Impact of Reduced Morning Light Exposure.

D. Students Wears Special Glasses to Guarantee Sleep.

2）Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance

Example 6

Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.

Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.

Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune.

On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.

Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?

In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen.

50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?