高中英语主旨大意题 做题技巧 及习题
高考英语主旨大意题解题技巧与训练
2021届高考英语主旨大意题解题技巧与训练考纲解读(1)主旨大意题。
考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
(2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。
(3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。
考查特点一：把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式(1)What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?(2) The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is _________.(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________.(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on _________.二：掌握主旨大意题的考查角度(1)主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；(2)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
三：选项特征最佳选项1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
干扰选项1.过于笼统，不知所云：所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
讲与练17 主旨大意题攻略(解析版)
2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）17主旨大意题攻略【高频考点回顾】【题型解读】1. 命题要求: 主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
2. 设题角度: 既考查考生的阅读理解能力, 又考查考生的深层次推理、概括能力。
一般针对某一段或语篇的主题、标题和目的设题。
3. 解题思路: 通过略读捕捉文中的关键词和主题句, 把握篇章结构, 根据框架分析作者行文过程中的材料取舍、详略安排和上下文的逻辑关系, 弄清楚作者的思路和意图, 梳理出主体脉络, 最终归纳出主旨大意。
4. 解题方法: 找出各个段落的主题句。
把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排, 了解文章的重心, 就能概括出文章的中心。
文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式, 选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文, 不能太大也不能太小。
【正确选项特征】1. 常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
2. 一般不出现细节信息, 不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
3. 概括性强, 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。
4. 精确性强, 所使用的概括性语言不会失去表意的程度及色彩。
5. 范围恰当, 既不太大, 也不太小。
【干扰选项特征】1. 以偏概全。
概括的范围过于狭窄, 只阐述了文章的一部分内容, 某些局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面。
2. 断章取义。
以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容, 或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
3. 主题扩大。
归纳、概括的范围过大, 超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
4. 似是而非。
题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了, 但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。
5. 移花接木。
命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。
【解题技巧】技巧1 段落大意题: “一定、二找、三归纳”【真题示例】(2021·新高考I卷·D·节选)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【思路分析】一定定位题干中的关键词: the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence二找用关键词“concerning emotional intelligence”寻读, 在文中找到信息源: “we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspe ctives. . . ”可知, 我们希望在未来的数十年后, 科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。
全国高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧
阅读理解之主旨大意题一、阅读技巧“tips”题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。
（二）题干表现形式1.What would be the best title of the passage? 2.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.What does the text mainly talk about?5.What is the (main) purpose of this article?6.The purpose of the passage is ___ .7.What’s the topic of the article? 8.What is the main idea of the passage? 9.The passage is intended to _____. （三）应试技巧1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。
找准文章的主题句是关键。
“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意2.无明显主题句时高频信息词一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
Exercises. Text 1 People have different t astes in tastes in food. Some feel t hat they that they haven't haven't eaten a eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains grains and and and would would would enjoy enjoy enjoy a a a meal meal meal of of of spaghetti, spaghetti, spaghetti, eggplant, eggplant, eggplant, and and and fresh fresh fresh fruit. fruit. fruit. Others Others could could live live live on on on what what what were were were called called called fast--foods: fast--foods: fast--foods: a a a hamburger hamburger hamburger or or or hot hot hot dog, dog, dog, French French fries and a soft drink.主题句在__________________________________________________Text 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them them exactly exactly exactly what to what to do. Others Others prefer prefer prefer to to to be be be left left left to to to work work work on on on their their their own. own. own. Still Still Still others others others like like like a a a democratic democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 主题句在__________________________________________________厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题阅读理解之主旨大意题Ⅰ.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1.Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
2....as...as possible=...as...as one can 尽可能……活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。
(1)我们应该尽可能地多读书。
__________________________________________________________________________(2)政府部门必须尽快采取行动保护河流被污染。
______________________________________________________________________________We should read as many books as possible./ We should read as many books as we can.The government must take actions to prevent the river from being polluted as soon as possible.Ⅱ.阅读理解之主旨大意题我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。
因此，主旨大意题是常考题。
主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。
广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。
◎解题技巧1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。
各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。
高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及技巧点拨
高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及技巧点拨一、考题探究1. 开门见山，提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，即最常见的演绎法写作方式。
1) Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catchcolds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?2) Today the problem of environment has become m ore and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that theworld has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same t ime we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.分清main idea和supporting sentences2. 首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习+课件
标 题
归
段落大意题 纳
文章大意题
题
主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳) 旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力 1.段落大意题 ① What does the author tell us in paragraph...? ② Which of the following can best summarize para....? ③ What is the...paragraph mainly about? 2.文章大意题 ① What’s the main idea/point of the passage? ② Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ③ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? 3.标题归纳题 ① Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ② What would be the best title for the passage?
...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上 釉 )and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said...
听力中的主旨大意把握技巧与练习题
听力中的主旨大意把握技巧与练习题随着英语学习的发展，听力作为语言技能的重要组成部分，日益引起人们的重视。
掌握听力技巧，尤其是能够准确把握听力材料的主旨大意，对于提高听力水平至关重要。
本文将介绍一些有效的主旨大意把握技巧，并提供相应的练习题供读者练习。
一、主旨大意把握技巧1. 理解关键词：在听力材料中，关键词往往是表达主旨大意的关键。
我们应该注意聆听并理解一些与主题直接相关的重点词汇或短语。
2. 掌握上下文信息：除了关键词外，整体上下文信息也能帮助我们把握主旨大意。
通过理解和分析上下文的逻辑关系，我们能更好地推测出作者的意图和主题。
3. 注意强调和重复：强调和重复的内容通常是主要信息，抓住这些内容有助于把握主旨大意。
在听力过程中，我们需要密切关注讲话者的表达方式和语调变化。
4. 捕捉态度和意图：说话者的态度和意图也是把握主旨大意的关键因素。
通过推断说话者的情感和意图，我们能更好地理解所听材料的主题。
二、练习题根据上述主旨大意把握技巧，以下是一些相关练习题供读者练习和巩固所学。
1. 收听下面的短对话，选择正确的大致内容。
Dialog 1:A: Could you please help me find the nearest bookstore?B: Certainly. There is a big bookstore on Main Street. It's just a five-minute walk from here.选项：A) Asking for directionsB) Buying booksC) Discussing travel plans2. 听下面的短文，并选择最恰当的标题。
Scientists have discovered a new species of fish in the deep sea. This fish has never been seen before. It has a unique color pattern and large eyes. Additionally, its body is covered in tiny scales that are unlike any other fish species. The newly discovered fish is believed to have adapted to the extreme conditions of the deep sea, including total darkness and high water pressure.选项：A) New discoveries in the deep seaB) Unique characteristics of fish speciesC) Adaptation of fish to extreme conditions3. 听下面的演讲，回答问题。
高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧
高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧一、主旨大意题的命题形式主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。
这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。
这类题的设问方式主要有：(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______.(3)The text is mainly about ______.(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best title for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.(18)What is the author's main purpose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、寻找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。
巧解高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题的方法
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解能力以及概括能力。
一般是针对某一语段或某一语篇的标题或目的设题。
这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等，要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结。
题目语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。
下面是近3年全国高考主旨大意题题量统计：近3年全国高考主旨大意题题量统计卷名年份新高考I卷全国卷I（乙卷）全国卷II（甲卷）全国卷III20202232021121320221132一、技巧点拨标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。
文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
它的特点是：短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
学生在解答主旨大意题时，要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来进行综合归纳。
如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
二、典题例析例1.(温州市2023届高三第一次适应性考试)The review points to disappearing and degraded habitat—resulting from climate change，urbanization，agricul-tural intensification，and international trade—as theleading driver of bird declines worldwide.In a note ofhope，the authors cite a2020study indicating that re-storing just5%of habitat in priority areas around theworld could avert60%of likely extinctions.Lead author Alexander Lees，a research associateat the Cormell Lab，also points to the need for substan-tial changes in human behavior to prevent further loss-es.“Loss and degradation of habitat is often driven bydemand for resources，”says Lees.“We need to betterconsider how commodity flows such as beef，oil，andseed crops can contribute to biodiversity loss and try toreduce the human footprint on the natural world.”31.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.Extra reasons for bird extinction.B.Possible solutions to habitat loss.C.Substantial changes in human behavior.D.The prospect of biodiversity loss.【解析】B。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
高考英语阅读理解专题主旨大意解题技巧与真题汇总
高考阅读--主旨大意题一、普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语考核目标与要求（阅读）（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解中文具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态二、主旨大意类题目，其常见考题形式为:1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that ？2.The passage is mainly about ？3.The best title/headline for this passage is ？4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is ？5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that ？6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ？7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?？8.Which of the following best state the theme of the passage ？三、题目设置原则1.关键词；2.同义替换；3.题文同序四、核心信息：2+3+4 原则2个地方：首：第一段开头，第二段开头，末段开头尾：第一段结尾，文章结尾。
3个特殊：标点：除开逗号和句号之外的符号，特别是？：--“”（） 注释：数字4种逻辑转折：but ，or ，yet 这三个后面是重点；although ，even if ，while 主句是重点；however ，unfortunatelyrather ，instead ，in fact比较：比较级和最高级。
强调：Just ，only ，now ，today ，at present目的：in order to ，to ，so that【及时训练】2019全国3卷B篇For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.…For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China —its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends2019全国3卷C篇As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.2019全国2卷C篇Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report."I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself," she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.2019江苏真题 B 篇In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：he couldn't find the park's volcano．It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature-that's what accounted for all its hot springsand other steamy features．But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere．1.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？A．Its complicated geographical features．B．Its ever-lasting influence on tourism．C．The mysterious history of the park．D．The exact location of the volcano．2019浙江真题 A 篇Why His effort to reunite families with lost medals began witha Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the nameCorrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knovmeaning of a Purple Heari——he eared one himself in awar as a soldier.So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.2l.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himsel??A.In the army.B. In an anique shop.D. From Adeline Rockko.C. From his mother.2018全国3卷BCities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.…But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in setting down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City-its present population is 762. 27. What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a cityB. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.2018全国3卷DAdults understand what if feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.…We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Take it or Leave itB. A Lesson from KidsC. Live More with LessD. The Pleasure of Giving2018全国2卷DWe’ve all been there:in a lift,in line at the bank or on airplane,surrounded by people who are，like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or worse，struggling with the uncomfortable silence.…Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significant greater sense of belonging，a bond with others.carducci believes developing suc h things of belonging start with small talk.“small talk is the basis of good manners，”he says.35.what’s the best title for the text?A.conversation countsB.ways of making small talkC.benefit of making small talkD.uncomfortable silence2018全国1卷BGood Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.…With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with les s expensive but still tasty recipes.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less2017全国1卷BI first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have do ne that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.……I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience.2018天津CThere’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to comefocus: food. Recent development has made possible machinesthat print cook and serve food on a mass scale. And the industryisn't stopping there.…5.What could be the best title of best title of the passage?A.3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyB.A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC.The Challenges for 3D Food ProdD.3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table2018北京AA month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injuredand this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead. …Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels，I can now call my self a“marathon winner”.4.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of willC.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.2018北京CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场),and up to l2 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，buta new study suggests an answer may lie lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a specialC.To present a way to break down plastics.E.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.2016 课标全国‖ CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people.whobelong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.…1.What is the best title for the text？A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings tradition back.D.A Website Links People through Books.2.why does the author mention book group in the first paragraph？A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their idea.2020成都二诊C篇African penguins bear the unfortunatenickname“jackass penguin”Because they communicate through honking，donkeylike ughing at them if you like,but new studies suggest that the jackets languages actually follow the same basic rules as ours.…31.What conclusion has The new study made?A.Many languages follow the same linguistic rules.B.How jackass penguins communicate with each other.C.Jackass penguins obey linguistic rules similar to those of humans.D.Zipf’s law and Menzerath-Altmann law are commonly applied rules.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer toadult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend isgrowing Even President Obama's mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leaveChicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According toa study by , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson‘s decision willinfluence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families willfollow the example of Obama's family.2.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson's decision?A.17% expressed their support for it.B.Few people responded sympathetically.C.83% believed it had.a bad influence.D.The majority thought it was a trend.观点态度类题：态度只有三种，正面、反面和中立，没有漠不关心和模棱两可不确定。
高中英语高考总复习----主旨大意题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题(含答案解析)
高中英语高考总复习----主旨大意题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）题型介绍命题特点：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3—4个。
◆主旨大意题的分类从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。
主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或结尾几段主题的综段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。
主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
◆常考问题：中心思想类：考查文章或段落的主旨大意；The main point/idea of the passage is…The passage is mainly about…The passage mainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?标题类：考查文章或段落的写作目的；Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be…目的类：考查文章或段落的写作目的；The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to…The passage is meant to….In writing this passage,the author mainly intends to…干扰项的特点：【链接高清】1.以偏概全：答案只阐述了主旨的一部分，也就是局部信息，概括不够。
2.主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过了文章要讨论的东西。
高考英语阅读理解专项突破之主旨大意题解答策略与技巧课件
教育部2023高考大纲: 阅读理解部分“要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、 广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能: (1) 理解主旨和要义; (2)理解文中具体信息; (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义; (4)作出简单判断和推理; (5)理解文章的基本结构; (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 下面主要讲我们在最后阶段应如何快速提高解答阅读理解题(主旨大意题)的准确率和速度。
主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式
（2）Main purpose 型
选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到某句话、某段话或者谋篇文章的主要写作目的。 常见以下几种题干形式:
①What’s the purpose of the passage/paragraph 2? ②The passage is meant to ③The purpose of the article/paragraph 1 is to ④In this passage/ paragraph 2, the writer tries to tell us that ⑤The passage/ paragraph 3 tells us that ⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage/ paragraph 1 is to
主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式
（1）Main idea 型
选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。 题干形式大多数为：
高中英语细节题及主旨大意题之答题技巧
寻找主题句的方法
(三)有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在 段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段 意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一 步加工概括了。 (四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是 文章主旨. (五)关注高频词 (常为名词)
第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰
推敲选项正误的5个小窍门: ⑴ 根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四 个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案 ⑵ 正确选项常含有概括性的词语 ⑶ 正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词 ⑷ 正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深 刻或说明道理 ⑸ 四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个 选项中往往有一个是正确答案
（3）在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出 问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻 辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
Sample 4 （无主题句） Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.
2024届高考英语复习：阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件
事实依据----层层推理----得出结论(主题)
广告类 哲理性故事
解题方法
1) 主旨大意题
• 主题句在文首 • 主题句在文中 • 主题句在文末
主题句定位法
Hale Waihona Puke 4Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly.
To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do. Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind,when you experience unwanted feeling. By talking it over in your own head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation. Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty. You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things. It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore. Controling it is the real challenge. (5) 高频词 围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词即高频词，也叫做主题词
高中英语 必考点解题指导1 主旨大意 精选历年考题(含答案解析)
高中英语必考点解题指导1 主旨大意精选历年考题(含答案解析)本类考题解答锦囊一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。
不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。
主题句一般具有三个特点：1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。
一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的位置有五种情况：1．主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。
通常用演绎法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。
2．主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法撰写。
表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。
位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。
3．主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。
此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。
这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题——主题——解释，或提问——回答——解释。
屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。
采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。
值得注意的是，表述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致，而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。
5．主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。
尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并没有明确表述。
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二阅读理解—主旨大意题1.主旨大意：主旨大意题是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。
这类题主要考查学生把握全文内容或概括总结的能力，是学生最易犯错的题型。
大致分为：标题文章主旨段落主旨2.解题要点：1）抓住主题句，概括中心思想2）略读3.主旨大意题的命题方式通常有以下几种：1）The general/main idea of the passage is about ____．2）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage？3）In this passage the author discusses primarily ____．4）The passage is mostly about ____．5）The passage is mainly concerned about ____．6）What is the main topic of the passage？7）What is the best title for the passage？8）Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one?9）The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …10）The passage is meant to ….解题技巧如何找主题句1）位置记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句夹叙夹议文: 主题句常在议论中说明文: 一般在首段议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）。
当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间。
2）关键词关注结论性或转折性的词therefore, as a result, thus, so, for example, in fact,moreover, furthermore, what’s more, most important of all, but, however, rather,yet，above all，find，in conclusion, in short, all in all , overall, clearly, In fact…3)无明显主题句主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。
4)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.5)关注高频词(常为名词)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词Example 11）People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2）English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English.主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。
在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
Example 21）Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.2）In America they have a saying much laughed at by the English :”Have a nice day” they speak slowly and seriously in their shop, hotels and sandwich bars. I think it is a wonderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, to enjoy the moment: to value this very day主题句也会出现在段尾。
作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。
本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
Example 31）Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.2）For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.当主题句被安排在段中时, 作者往往从具体的事例谈起, 随之归纳出主题, 然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论, 使立论更加清楚, 具有很强的说服力, 即以“立”为主, 对正面观点进行阐述Example 4 （无主题句）1）Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B. Bingham is a diligent student.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education.Example 5（关联词）1）The study on the impact of light on teenagers’ sleeping habits finds that insufficient daily morning light exposure contributes to teenagers not getting enough sleep.50. What would be the best title for the passage?A．Lack of Morning Light Keeping Teenagers up at NightB. Light Therapy Can Reduce Health Risks of Teenagers.C. Measures Impact of Reduced Morning Light Exposure.D. Students Wears Special Glasses to Guarantee Sleep.2）Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearanceExample 6Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune.On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen.50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A.How to Live TruthfullyB.Importance of PeacefulnessC. Ways of Gaining Self-respectD. Happiness through Honorable ActionsExample 7A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.75. The passage is mainly about _____.A. the construction of a roadB. the design of a roadC. the construction of two tunnelsD. the design of two tunnelsExample 8 2010 辽宁 CToo much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedrooms TVs.67. What would be the best title for this text?A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children’s Learning HabitsExample 9The term “multitasking”originally referred to people’s ability to carry out several tasks one time. For many people ,multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success .In fact, some excellent mental acrobic exercises(大量训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking email while taking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people ,many times multitasking can make us less productive , rather than more ,But studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased anxiety and memory loss. …………52. What is the main idea oh the passage?A Multitasking has become a way of life.B Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.C. Multitasking describes need to be improved.D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better. Example 10Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. ……T elevision’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, ……Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide63.What would be the best title for the passage? Will Rule the World Will Disturb the World Will Better the World Will Remain in WorldExample11Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws（爪）on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river, an important feature （特征）for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common bires, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak(喙)，they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive bires must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lost their claws.The drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two seven birds for producing purposes.63.What is the test mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.注意第一，注意段首，段尾。