声学仿真及在工程中的应用
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Slides extracted from Experimental Validation of an Efficient Procedure for Large Acoustic Radiation Problems, Gustafsson et.al., ISMA 2010
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
FEM MODEL （Elastic）
Force due to contact
Kinematic behavior
axial load due to kinematic motion
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
Adams model
19
Engine Slap Sound Analysis
声学仿真及在工程中的应用
周泽 声学仿真业务发展经理
2015年5月27日
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
1
Actran 软件及技术特点介绍
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
2
Actran软件模块
Байду номын сангаас
Actran主要模块
• • • 声学 振动声学 气动声学
Time - Frequency - Pressure Map
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
20
齿轮噪声
• 目标
– 实际机床的齿轮噪声
(1)啮合力
• 挑战
– 减小噪声
(2)轴承力
(3)箱体振动
• 解决方法Solution
冠状齿轮和齿形修正
使用Adams模拟多体运动， 使用Actran预测噪声
12
Computation Procedure
Structure Computation Actran Model (w/ ground)
Actran Results
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
13
Structural Results Mapping
• • BC_MESH: map the structure results on the acoustic surface Procedure used: based on integration ( more advanced technology than interpolation )
9
声学模型建立
• 声学网格准备
– 振动体包络面: surface wrap mesh of the vibrating structure, for mapping the structure vibration to the acoustic mesh. Boundary Condition Mesh, or BC_MESH – 外部面网格：Exterior infinite elements surface: a convex shape – 体网格： Volume elements between the two surfaces
23
与电磁软件联合仿真
电磁软件
Actran
Compute the 3D magnetic field
Load structural model with electromagnetic forces
Compute radiated noise
Pressure at microphones Radiated power Contributions analysis
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
5
频率域仿真 和 时间域仿真
• 频率域仿真： 针对不随时间变化的现象，线性问题，计算频率响应函数和传 递函数
• 时间域仿真，瞬态仿真： 可针对瞬态随时间变化现象，非线性声学激励，发动机（动力 总成）加速过程，冲击，碰撞现象等
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
17
Adams与Actran联合： Adams 2 Actran 转换器
• Analysis Flow
– Transient Response Analysis by Adams – Load on each node with a time history is transformed to OP2 file – Radiation analysis on the acoustic space in Actran model
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
4
结构声 和 流致噪声
• 结构声：
– 由结构振动产生 – 外声场一般为纯声辐射问题 – 内声场一般为结构和声空间强耦合问题
• 流场噪声：
– 由流体湍流产生的噪声源： 进排气噪声，风噪声，空调噪声
• 流场噪声源与结构耦合
– 流场噪声源作为结构振动的激励
Adams( Time domain )
Time domain Radiation
Adams
Adams to Actran Toolkit Time domain simulation Adams Standard output Convert from Adams output to OP2
Actran
Time domain simulation SPL (time domain)
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
18
Engine Slap Sound Analysis
• Engine Slap Sound Analysis
– The Sound from contact between Cylinder inner wall and Moving Piston
3. Post Processing and Analysis: Actran Maps FRF Waterfall Elements contribution
Acoustic directivity
Animation
Time domain pressure
Sound file
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
6
机械行业噪声问题
动力装置
Gear Box Engine Compressor Pump
进气，排气 车辆机械驾驶舱
Intake
噪声
Exhaust
旋转器械：风扇，涡轮增压器，压缩机等
Cooling Fan Turbocharger HVAC
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
轴承力也减小了 FFT
FFT
测点的声音也减小了
Straight Gear
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
22
Crowning Gear
电机噪声
• 噪声产生机理
– 电磁力由定子和转子运动产生
– 电磁力施加在定子及外部壳体上
– 定子和外部壳体振动产生声辐射
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
Adams Machinery Gear Model
(4)声学辐射
Tip relieving crowning
no crowning and relieving
with crowning and relieving
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
21
齿轮噪声
FFT
通过冠状齿轮和齿轮 修正，啮合力减小了
– – – The geometries might be (slightly) different The mesh sizes can be very different (no loss of information from FEA) The penalty on the solver performance is weak Actran
inner surface
FEA outer surface
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
14
ACTRAN VI集成网格工具-演示
• 从振动结构表面创建声辐射需要的外部声学体网格
1. 2. 3. 4. 填充结构表面的孔 包络网格 在原始网格基础上重新生成网格 辐射网格（凸包和四面体网格组合），支持有无障板情况
11
Problem
• This project: a complete truck powertrain, length around 2.5 meters
– The structure vibration is computed with a structural tool
• The Nastran, Abaqus and Ansys files are read by Actran • Some automatic procedures are available with Nastran
Interior surface Infinite Elements Surface Volume elements Infinite Elements
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
10
P’’ 1
P’
3
Powertrain Sound Radiation with Actran
• due to kinematic motion, the contact position changes from time to time • contact force will course crank case vibration • The contact position, forces various with engine rotational speed change
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
16
Selective Power Evaluation
• Multiple surfaces can be created in order to measure the power radiated by each part of the power train.
7
动力装置噪声辐射问题
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
8
声辐射仿真流程
1. 振动计算：MSC Nastran, Adams/Flex, Marc, Actran, etc. Structure surface vibration 2. 声学计算: Actran in Frequency or Time Domain
一个2MW 风机齿轮箱
Actran API
Adams中风机多个部件的建模
…
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
15
Experimental Validation
• For the complete set of frequency, regimes and microphones, a maximum of 2dB difference has been detected (marks: 5dB)
•
• •
TM
DGM Etc.
基于有限元方式
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
3
声学仿真历史发展
• 21世纪前： 边界元方式 模型规模： x0,000
• 目前主流方式：
有限元方式 模型规模: x00,000 to x0,000,000
• 发展方向：
有限元： FEM & DGM 模型规模 x0,000,000 to x00,000,000 大规模问题，高频率问题
– The results (velocities or displacements) are used as the excitation of the acoustic radiation problem solved by Actran
1m2 0
* P.T. = Power Train
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
– From Adams/Flex coupling analysis, motion and vibration is simulated
• as a sound source, the vibration response of the crank case surface can be obtained.
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
FEM MODEL （Elastic）
Force due to contact
Kinematic behavior
axial load due to kinematic motion
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
Adams model
19
Engine Slap Sound Analysis
声学仿真及在工程中的应用
周泽 声学仿真业务发展经理
2015年5月27日
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
1
Actran 软件及技术特点介绍
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
2
Actran软件模块
Байду номын сангаас
Actran主要模块
• • • 声学 振动声学 气动声学
Time - Frequency - Pressure Map
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
20
齿轮噪声
• 目标
– 实际机床的齿轮噪声
(1)啮合力
• 挑战
– 减小噪声
(2)轴承力
(3)箱体振动
• 解决方法Solution
冠状齿轮和齿形修正
使用Adams模拟多体运动， 使用Actran预测噪声
12
Computation Procedure
Structure Computation Actran Model (w/ ground)
Actran Results
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
13
Structural Results Mapping
• • BC_MESH: map the structure results on the acoustic surface Procedure used: based on integration ( more advanced technology than interpolation )
9
声学模型建立
• 声学网格准备
– 振动体包络面: surface wrap mesh of the vibrating structure, for mapping the structure vibration to the acoustic mesh. Boundary Condition Mesh, or BC_MESH – 外部面网格：Exterior infinite elements surface: a convex shape – 体网格： Volume elements between the two surfaces
23
与电磁软件联合仿真
电磁软件
Actran
Compute the 3D magnetic field
Load structural model with electromagnetic forces
Compute radiated noise
Pressure at microphones Radiated power Contributions analysis
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
5
频率域仿真 和 时间域仿真
• 频率域仿真： 针对不随时间变化的现象，线性问题，计算频率响应函数和传 递函数
• 时间域仿真，瞬态仿真： 可针对瞬态随时间变化现象，非线性声学激励，发动机（动力 总成）加速过程，冲击，碰撞现象等
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
17
Adams与Actran联合： Adams 2 Actran 转换器
• Analysis Flow
– Transient Response Analysis by Adams – Load on each node with a time history is transformed to OP2 file – Radiation analysis on the acoustic space in Actran model
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
4
结构声 和 流致噪声
• 结构声：
– 由结构振动产生 – 外声场一般为纯声辐射问题 – 内声场一般为结构和声空间强耦合问题
• 流场噪声：
– 由流体湍流产生的噪声源： 进排气噪声，风噪声，空调噪声
• 流场噪声源与结构耦合
– 流场噪声源作为结构振动的激励
Adams( Time domain )
Time domain Radiation
Adams
Adams to Actran Toolkit Time domain simulation Adams Standard output Convert from Adams output to OP2
Actran
Time domain simulation SPL (time domain)
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
18
Engine Slap Sound Analysis
• Engine Slap Sound Analysis
– The Sound from contact between Cylinder inner wall and Moving Piston
3. Post Processing and Analysis: Actran Maps FRF Waterfall Elements contribution
Acoustic directivity
Animation
Time domain pressure
Sound file
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
6
机械行业噪声问题
动力装置
Gear Box Engine Compressor Pump
进气，排气 车辆机械驾驶舱
Intake
噪声
Exhaust
旋转器械：风扇，涡轮增压器，压缩机等
Cooling Fan Turbocharger HVAC
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
轴承力也减小了 FFT
FFT
测点的声音也减小了
Straight Gear
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
22
Crowning Gear
电机噪声
• 噪声产生机理
– 电磁力由定子和转子运动产生
– 电磁力施加在定子及外部壳体上
– 定子和外部壳体振动产生声辐射
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
Adams Machinery Gear Model
(4)声学辐射
Tip relieving crowning
no crowning and relieving
with crowning and relieving
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
21
齿轮噪声
FFT
通过冠状齿轮和齿轮 修正，啮合力减小了
– – – The geometries might be (slightly) different The mesh sizes can be very different (no loss of information from FEA) The penalty on the solver performance is weak Actran
inner surface
FEA outer surface
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
14
ACTRAN VI集成网格工具-演示
• 从振动结构表面创建声辐射需要的外部声学体网格
1. 2. 3. 4. 填充结构表面的孔 包络网格 在原始网格基础上重新生成网格 辐射网格（凸包和四面体网格组合），支持有无障板情况
11
Problem
• This project: a complete truck powertrain, length around 2.5 meters
– The structure vibration is computed with a structural tool
• The Nastran, Abaqus and Ansys files are read by Actran • Some automatic procedures are available with Nastran
Interior surface Infinite Elements Surface Volume elements Infinite Elements
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
10
P’’ 1
P’
3
Powertrain Sound Radiation with Actran
• due to kinematic motion, the contact position changes from time to time • contact force will course crank case vibration • The contact position, forces various with engine rotational speed change
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
16
Selective Power Evaluation
• Multiple surfaces can be created in order to measure the power radiated by each part of the power train.
7
动力装置噪声辐射问题
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
8
声辐射仿真流程
1. 振动计算：MSC Nastran, Adams/Flex, Marc, Actran, etc. Structure surface vibration 2. 声学计算: Actran in Frequency or Time Domain
一个2MW 风机齿轮箱
Actran API
Adams中风机多个部件的建模
…
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
15
Experimental Validation
• For the complete set of frequency, regimes and microphones, a maximum of 2dB difference has been detected (marks: 5dB)
•
• •
TM
DGM Etc.
基于有限元方式
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
3
声学仿真历史发展
• 21世纪前： 边界元方式 模型规模： x0,000
• 目前主流方式：
有限元方式 模型规模: x00,000 to x0,000,000
• 发展方向：
有限元： FEM & DGM 模型规模 x0,000,000 to x00,000,000 大规模问题，高频率问题
– The results (velocities or displacements) are used as the excitation of the acoustic radiation problem solved by Actran
1m2 0
* P.T. = Power Train
FFT & MSC Software Confidential
– From Adams/Flex coupling analysis, motion and vibration is simulated
• as a sound source, the vibration response of the crank case surface can be obtained.