草甘膦及其铵盐制备新工艺

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Key words:Oxidate N-phosphonomethylglycine;activated carbon catalyst; optimize;recycled liquid;solid glyphosate ammonium salt
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目 录
第 1 章 文献综述 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 草甘膦的性质 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 物理、化学性质 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 除草机理和生物活性 .............................................................................................. 1 1.1.3 毒性 .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 草甘膦的应用 ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 草甘膦的生产现状及市场状况 ................................................................................... 3 1.4 草甘膦的合成路线 .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 甘氨酸法 ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)法 ............................................................................................ 6 1.4.3 小结 .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.5 双甘膦氧化合成草甘膦路线 ........................................................................................ 8 1.5.1 过氧化氢氧化法 ....................................................................................................... 8 1.5.2 空气/氧气氧化法 ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5.3 小结 ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.6 草甘膦铵盐的合成 ........................................................................................................ 12 1.6.1 草甘膦与氨气反应制备草甘膦铵盐工艺 ........................................................ 12 1.6.2 草甘膦与氨水反应制备草甘膦铵盐工艺 ........................................................ 13 1.6.3 双甘膦氨盐经氧化反应制备草甘膦铵盐工艺 ............................................... 14 1.6.4 小结 ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.7 本课题研究的意义和内容 .......................................................................................... 14 1.7.1 研究意义 ................................................................................................................... 14 1.7.2 研究内容 ................................................................................................................... 15 第 2 章 双甘膦氧化反应工艺优化....................................................................................... 17 2.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 实验原料及试剂 ............................................................................................................. 17 2.3 实验仪器及装置 ............................................................................................................. 17 2.4 实验方法 .......................................................................................................................... 18 2.5 分析方法 .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.5.1 原料双甘膦分析方法 ............................................................................................ 19 2.5.2 产品草甘膦(铵盐)分析方法 .......................................................................... 19 2.6 双甘膦、草甘膦及其铵盐的溶解度数据的测定.................................................. 22
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Candidate
Xu Xiaohui
Supervisor
Ai Qiuhong Professor
College
Chemical Engineering College
Program
Chemical
Processing
Specialization
Green Chemical
Degree
Master Degree
学校代码 分 类 号
10530 TQ457
学 密
号 级
200715031087
硕 士 学 位 论 文
草甘膦及其铵盐制备新工艺
徐 晓 辉 艾秋红教授 化工学院 化学工艺 绿色化学
学 位 申 请 人 指 学 学 研 导 院 科 究 教 名 专 方 师 称 业 向
二 0 一 0 年 四 月 十九 日
New Process for Preparation of Glyphosate and its Ammonium
作者签名:
日期:



导师签名:
日期:





草甘膦(PMG)是一种氨基酸衍生物类除草剂,具有高效、低毒、对环境 污染小的特点,现已成为全球产销量最大的除草剂品种。草甘膦的溶解度很小, 实际使用过程中多数时候是使用其盐类形式,特别是其铵盐形式。母液循环方式 制备草甘膦铵盐可以缩短工艺流程、减少试剂用量、节能减排,有利于提升经济 效益,也有利于环境保护,具有很高的研究价值。 双甘膦(PMIDA)氧化脱羧制备草甘膦的工艺,采用活性炭作催化剂、空 气为氧化剂,有反应条件温和、体系选择性好、目标产物收率高等优点。针对双 甘膦空气氧化法制备草甘膦的工艺特点, 本文首先考察各种因素对该反应的影响 情况。结合国内外相关的文献报道,着重考察了诸如原料浓度、氧化反应温度、 体系压力、空气速率、搅拌速率、催化剂种类等因素的影响。在此基础上对工艺 进行优化,得到了氧化反应工艺的优化条件:双甘膦浓度为 26%时,双甘膦:活 性炭=1:0.34,反应温度为 65 ℃、空气压力为 0.90 Mpa、气速为 140 ml/min、搅 拌速率为 900 rpm。此时草甘膦平均总收率能达到 92%左右,比工业生产过程提 高了 2%左右。 通过对比分析草甘膦及其铵盐的溶解度随温度变化的情况, 提出了采用母液 循环方式试制固体草甘膦铵盐的新工艺。 再基于前述得出的双甘膦氧化脱羧优化 条件,以双甘膦为起始原料,母液循环方式制备铵盐的工艺总收率能达到 86% 左右,铵盐固体收率达到 81%左右,含量达到 95%以上。通过计算得知,由草 甘膦转化成草甘膦铵盐固体的过程中该步骤的收率为 97.76%。与现有文献报道 的工艺相比, 新工艺已达到同样的收率和含量。 采用母液循环方式制备铵盐具有 缩短工艺流程、减少试剂用量、能耗更少、三废排放量少等优点。
关键词:双甘膦氧化;活性炭催化;优化;母液循环;草甘膦铵盐固体
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Abstract
N-phosphonomethyl glycine(PMG or glyphosate), which derives from the amino acid, is a kind of the important herbicide. Because of its high effective, low toxicity and little harmful effects on the environment, Glyphosate has been became the most popular herbicide. It is also well known that glyphosate has a low solubility in water at room temperature. Thus, it is more often composed as a water-soluble salt, especially as the ammonium glyphosate to employ. The method, to use recycled liquid, will be helpful in shortening the process, decreasing reagent,saving energy and reducing waste. And this approach is really a valuable one which can upgrade profit and be benefit to environment. A process, utilizing air as the oxidant in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of the activated carbon, oxidizes the aqueous solutions of PMIDA (N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid) to obtain glyphosate. The oxidative decarboxylation reaction has many advantages such as moderate condition, good selectivity, high yield, etc., According to a great amount of both domestic and foreign literatures, the oxidative decarboxylation of PMIDA has some characteristics. Several factors can be easily determined to test how they will affect on the reaction. A series of mono-factor ’s experiments are investigated to optimize the reaction. Based on these experimental results, the optimum conditions are found: that concentrate of PMIDA is 26%, the mass ratio of activated carbon to PMIDA is 0.34:1, the temperature is 65℃, the pressure is 0.90Mpa, the gas flow is 140ml/min, the stir speed is 900rpm. Under this reaction condition, the overall yield of PMG is 92%, which increased 2% than industrial production. By comparing glyphosate and its ammonium salt of the respective solubility with temperature variations, a novel preparation process is proposed that the solid glyphosate ammonium salt can be obtained by recycled liquid. Then based on the aforementioned optimum conditions, the overall yield of this method can achieve 86%, the yield of solid ammonium salt is 81%, and the content can reach more than 95%. Through the analysis computation the new process to converte glyphosate to its solid ammonium salt has obtained a high yield of 97.76%. The results are in general agreement with the literature values. But the novel process can shorten the route, decrease reagent consumption, lessen energy consumption, cut down waste emissions.
University
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Xiangtan University
Date
April.2010
湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明
本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得 的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个 人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集 体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承 担。
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