郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】

第1章翻译概述

一、填空

1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.

【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance

【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。

2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.

【答案】two thousand

【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。

3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.

【答案】faithfulness, smoothness

【解析】我国现今通用的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。

二、回答下列问题

1. What is meant by translation?

【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.

2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?

【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”

3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?

【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.

4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?

【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.

5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?

【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.

三、英译汉

1. Source language and target language

【答案】译出语和译入语

2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东方语言和西方语言

3. Alexander Fraser Tyler

【答案】亚历山大•弗雷泽•泰勒

4. Georges Mounin

【答案】乔治•穆南

5. Feedorov

【答案】费道罗夫

6. Indu Dharmarakcha

【答案】竺法护

7. Kumara’3iva

【答案】鸠摩罗什

8. Paramartha(Gunarata)

【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）

【答案】利玛窦

10. Euclid’s Elements

【答案】《几何原本》

11. La Dame aux Camelias

【答案】《茶花女》

12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)

【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）

13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)

【答案】《群己权界论》（约翰•穆勒著）

14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当•斯密）

15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)

【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）

四、汉译英