第一讲 句子结构

He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足 语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _______.(TEM4-2013-52) D A. appositive (同位语) B. object C. adverbial D. complement 教材14页称该现象为双重谓语。 英语里有一个句型：主语+不及物动词（非系动词）+ 形容词（或名词），一派语法学家称其为带双谓语的句 型，另一派则把它称作带主语补语的句型，如： They married young. He died happy. He died a poor man.
6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句 子。 Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词短语） You should do everything that I do. （定语 从句）
3. 表语(predicative)(即主语补语)：系动词之后 的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词 化的分词） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
Lecture one Sentence Structure & Lecture 36 Modification
简单句的五个基本句型 1. 主语＋系动词＋主语补语(SVC) Grammar is hell. 2. 主语＋不及物动词(SV) Grammar sucks. 3. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语(SVO) I hate grammar.
Байду номын сангаас
简单句的五个基本句型 4. 主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVoO) She gave John a book． 5. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC) She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足 语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
8. 同位语（教材418页）
两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位，如果它们所指相 同，句法功能也相同，我们就把这种结构叫做同位结构， 而把后项叫做前项的同位语。如： the city of Shanghai the year 2014 Playing football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends. During all those years the young man had but one aim---to fight for the independence of his country. He studies linguistics, or the science of language. Some animals, for example the fox and squirrel, have bushy tails.
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story. ② Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
2011年TEM 4中： 宾语：1 主语：1
主谓关系： 1
2012年TEM 4中： 同位语：2 主语：1 宾语：1 状语：3（状语从句 1；介词短语做状语 2） 2013年TEM 4中： 同位语： 1 补语： 1 2014年TEM 4中： 补语： 1 动宾关系：1
主谓关系：1
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (名 词短语) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.


He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. 结果 result degree I like some of you very much. 程度 condition If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 条件 He goes to school by bike. 方式 manner 让步 Though he is young, he can do it well. concession
4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者 代词担任, 放在及物动词之后。如： I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从 句）
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词monitor） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词a pity） We will make them happy. （形容词happy） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ to teach the lazy boy a lesson ） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词burning ）
1. Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial? (TEM4-2012-62) A A. Despite the rain, everyone enjoyed the trip. B. The man with a beard is talking to the manager. C. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan. 教材308-309页 D. Are you sure of Simon’s disappearance? 2. Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession? (TEM4-2012-64) C A. They used the box for keeping treasure. B. I stepped aside for her to get in first. C. For all that he seems to dislike me, I still like him. D. The parents bought a birthday cake for their son.
2.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示 主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任， 放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. I don't like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
1. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT (TEM4-2012-59) A. Only one problem still remains – the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and support me. D. She liked her current job, teaching English. 2. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (TEM4-2013-61) A. He is not the man to draw back. B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie. C. Larry has a large family to support. D. There is really nothing to fear.
常见的系动词有: be, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, remain, feel, turn……
找出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ②The leaves have turned yellow. ③ Soon they all became interested in the subject. ④She was the first to learn about it.
7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或句子。 (教材421页) I will go there tomorrow. 时间 Adverbial of time The meeting will be held in the meeting room. place 地点 The meat went bad because of the hot weather. cause 原因 purpose He studies hard to learn English well. 目的