第一讲 句子结构
英语语法精讲——句子成份分析
第一讲英语的句子结构步骤一：句子结构的解析一、句子成分一个句子一般由两部分组成，即主语部分（subject group）和谓语部分（predicate group）。
句子成分（members of the sentence）是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
句子由各个成分所构成。
1.主语主语（subject）是一个句子的主题（theme），是全句所述说的主体，一般置于句首。
可用于作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1）名词作主语 e.g. A tree hasfallen across the road.2) 代词作主语 e.g. You’re not far wrong.3) 数词作主语。
e.g. Three is enough.4）名词化的形容词作主语 e.g. The idle are forced to work.5）副词作主语 e.g. Now is the time.6）名词化得介词作主语 e.g. The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.7) 不定式作主语 e.g. To find your way can be a problem.8）动名词作主语 e.g. Smokingis bad for you.9）名词化的过去分词作主语 e.g. The disabled are to receive more money.10) 介词短语用作主语e.g. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.11) 从句用作主语 e.g. Whenever you are ready will be fine. 12) 句子做主语 e.g. “How do you do” is a greeting.主语可由一个以上的名（代）词等构成，这种主语可叫作并列主语。
e.g. He and I are old friends.英语常用无人称的名词作主语。
英语句子结构分析陈述句(五种句型)
第一讲英语句子结构分析句子得划分I、根据结构划分：①简单句S+V（主+谓）S+V+P(主+谓+表)S+V+O（主+谓+宾）S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）②并列句and, but, or③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句）II、根据功能划分：陈述句疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）祈使句感叹句III、根据句子成分：单个词汇短语从句一．陈述句（五种句型）I am a webaholic、我就是一个网虫。
Chatting on the internet is interesting、我喜欢网上聊天。
Internet dating hurts、网恋有害。
I like chatting online、我喜欢网上聊天。
Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun、网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。
We can call internet addicts a webaholic、我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。
I、常用作连系动词：①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好就是come，坏就是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become 口语化，如果要说就用它、口诀解读：Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果就是好得。
如：Dreams come true、梦想成真。
Go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果就是不好得。
如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly、今天太热了，菜都馊了。
Grow 表示逐渐变化，强调得就是缓慢变化得过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化得静态形容词。
第一讲句子基本结构
第一讲主语＋谓语（不及物动词）――主谓型目标：１了解单词词性与句子成分的关系；２知道什么是主语、谓语和状语，它们分别由什么词类充当；３掌握“主语＋谓语”的句型，会划分此句型的句子成分，会运用此句型来翻译、造句；４掌握“there be”的句型。
本讲要用到的生词(74)：（注：第二部分单词表中的不规则动词过去式和过去分词暂时可以不背）month[m∧nθ]n.月talk vi.谈话football['futbɔ:l]n.足球jump vi.跳class [a:] n.班；课dance[da:s]vi.跳舞in class在课堂上listen['lisən]vi.听office ['ɔfis] n.办公室walk vi.走，步行playground ['pleigraund]n.操场sit vi.坐floor [ɔ:] n.地板come[k∧m]来house n.房子come back回来minute ['minit] n.分钟get up起床river ['rivə] n.河流there be[ðεə bi:]有season ['si:zn] n.季节from…to…从……到……family ['fæmli] n.家庭No.['n∧mbə]第……street n.街道with[wið ]prep.和…一起second ['sekənd] n.秒;num.第二at prep.在(某时刻)year [jiə] n.年behind[bi:'haind]prep.在…后面last year[la:st jiə]去年in prep.在…里面wall n.墙壁beside[bi:'said]prep.在…旁边day n.日，天in front of[fr∧nt]prep.在…前面sun n.太阳on prep.在…上面classmate ['kla:smeit] n.同学under['∧ndə]prep.在…下面picture ['pikt⎰ə] n.图画after['aftə]prep.在…之后hour n.小时fast adj.&adv.快can mod.v.能,会happy ['hæpi] adj.高兴的must mod.v必须slow adj.慢的sing v.唱歌soft adj.柔软的fall v.落下 middle ['midl] adj.中间的 wake v.醒vt.叫醒 quietly['kwai ətli]adv.安静地wake up 醒来 highadv.高 swim v.游泳 happily ['hæpili]adv.高兴地draw vi.&vt.画画 well adv.好 study ['st ∧di] vi.&vt.学习 very['veri] adv.很 arrive [ə'raiv] vi.到达 often ['ɔfn] adv.经常 live [liv] vi.居住 slowly ['sl əuli]adv.慢地 leave [li:v]vi.离开 hardadv.努力 run vi.跑 usually ['ju:ʒu əli] adv.通常 rise(rose, risen) (['rizn])vi.上升 carefully ['k εəfuli] adv.注意地 speakvi.说话 always['ɔ:lweiz]adv.总是一 单词词类与句子成分英语单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征分为十大类：单词词类和句子成分是紧密相关的。
第1讲句子结构
Sentence Structure 句子结构
( p.p.13—21)
I. Clause elements
Subject 主语 (p.13) Predication 谓语 (p.13) Predicate verb 谓语动词 Object 宾语 (direct object, indirect object, complex object) Complement 补语(subject complement, object complement) Predicative 表语 Adverbial 状语 Attributive/ Attribute 定语 Appositive 同位语 e.g.S1: Henry is the most studious用功的 in the class. S4: Jennie’s paintings were judged inferior 不如to Wanda’s. The experts judged Jennie’s paintings inferior to Wanda’s.
直接对象（指物） 间接对象（指人） 宾语+其补足语
介词+其补足成分 补足直接宾语/主语的意义，使其 完整，宾语/主语与其补足语之间 有逻辑主谓关系 修饰或限定名词、代词，说明人 或物的特性、状态、数量等 一个名词或代词放在另一个名词 或代词后，说明前者，并与前者 同指一个人或物 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个 句子，表示时间、地点、方式、 程度、原因、目的、结果、条件、 让步，等
系动词+主语的表语（名词、代 词、数词、形容词、副词、介词 短语、非谓语动词、从句） 不及物动词come, go, leave, arrive, return, rise, die, live 等 + 名词、形容词或分词
第一讲 句子结构
第一讲 句子结构
1.1主谓结构和句子分析 1.2基本句型及其转换与扩大
1.1主谓结构和句子分析
• 一、主语和谓语
• 主语：通常由带有事物性和实体性的词语（名词词组）表 示，是交际双方已经知道的信息-“已知信息” • 谓语：是对主语加以说明的部分，是说话人要传递的“新 信息” • 双重谓语：是将2个谓语合二为一，不同于并列。 • He left home a mere child and returned home quite a different man. He was a mere child when he left home and he became quite a different man when he returned .
1.2基本句型及其转换与扩大
• 一、基本句型 • 1、主-动-补SVC • 2、主-动SV • 3、主-动-宾SVO • 4、主-动-间宾-直宾SVoO • 5、主-动-宾-补SVOC • 二、基本句型的扩大与转换
• 基本句型的转换与扩大 • 1、基本句型都是陈述句、肯定句和主动句 →疑问句、否定句和被动句 • 2、分句并列 • 3、增加修饰成分和使用从属分句
• 二、句子分析
句子分析
1、主subject、动predicate verb、宾object、状adverbial、补 complement
All the man
have done
their Βιβλιοθήκη est .2、主subject 操作词operator 谓述成分Predication
谓 语
通常指复杂动词词组中的助动词或第一个助动词
句子结构和成分分析
句子结构和成分分析第一讲英语的句子结构和成分主讲张燮一. 主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1.The sun is shining2.They talked for half an hour.3.The pen writes well.*主语：可以做主语的有名词（boy. fire. apple等）,代词（I, you ,it. she等），数词（two, thirteen）,动词不定式（to learn English, to take a taxi）,动词ing形式(playing football, watching TV)以及从句（what he did, That he is from Sichuan）.#不能做主语的是：动词及动词短语（do, do some cooking, listen to the radio）,介词短语（by bike, in the classroom.）学生常见错误如：1.Do something is better than do nothing.2.In the classroom have three boys.3.By bike is good for health.4.Listen to the music make me happy.*不及物动词（vi）指该动词不能跟宾语，也就是说该动词后没有宾语.（如上例）。
常见的不及物动词有（go, come, arrive, sleep, fall, appear, get. look, turn等）。
如：1.We go work every day. 2.My mother arrived Chengdu yesterday.3she often looks me.如果不及物动词后面跟宾语必须加介词过渡，转化为介词宾语。
1.we go to work every day.2.My mother arrived in Chengdu yesterday.3.She often looks at me.*谓语：由动词构成，位于主语之后。
句子结构和成分分析
第一讲英语的句子结构和成分主讲张燮一. 主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1.The sun is shining2.They talked for half an hour.3.The pen writes well.*主语：可以做主语的有名词（boy. fire. apple等）,代词（I, you ,it. she等），数词（two, thirteen）,动词不定式（to learn English, to take a taxi）,动词ing形式(playing football, watching TV)以及从句（what he did, That he is from Sichuan）.#不能做主语的是：动词及动词短语（do, do some cooking, listen to the radio）,介词短语（by bike, in the classroom.）学生常见错误如：1.Do something is better than do nothing.2.In the classroom have three boys.3.By bike is good for health.4.Listen to the music make me happy.*不及物动词（vi）指该动词不能跟宾语，也就是说该动词后没有宾语.（如上例）。
常见的不及物动词有（go, come, arrive, sleep, fall, appear, get. look, turn等）。
如：1.We go work every day. 2.My mother arrived Chengdu yesterday.3she often looks me.如果不及物动词后面跟宾语必须加介词过渡，转化为介词宾语。
1.we go to work every day.2.My mother arrived in Chengdu yesterday.3.She often looks at me.*谓语：由动词构成，位于主语之后。
第一讲句子成分及句子结构
第一讲句子成分及句子结构第1讲：句子成分和句子结构（一）句子成分定义：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，句子必须有主语和谓语）。
1．主语主语是句子陈述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：(1) 代词作主语 We work in a big factory.(2) 名词作主语 The classroom is very big.(3) 数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个就够了(4)不定式作主语To learn English well is important.学好英语很重要。
（不定式做主语常用it来代替）It is important to learn English well.(5)动名词作主语Watching TV is bad for your eyes.看电视对眼睛有害。
(6)从句作主语That the earth goes around the sun is true.地球绕着太阳转是事实。
（常用It来代替）。
It is true that the earth goes around the sun.What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.(7)在“There be ”句型中，主语在there be 之后。
如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.There is a desk and four chairs in the room(8)在倒装结构中，主语在动词后。
On the wall hang two pictures .墙上挂着两幅图画。
In front of the building stands a tall tree.楼前有一棵大树。
英语语法第一讲 英语句子结构详解
第一讲：句子基本结构首先大家看五个句子：一、He is Donald Trump, President of America.二、Trump graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1968.三、The U.S. elected him president in 2016.四、Trump has written more than fourteen bestsellers.五、Trump gave his daughter a large diamond on her 7th birthday.这五个句子对应英文中的最基本的五个句子结构，能看出来吗？这里我把五个基本句型给出来，大家可以对照一下：1、主谓2、主谓宾3、主谓宾宾补4、主谓双宾5、主系表能看出来的就可以过掉前面的章节，直接进阶到复杂句阶段。
只能看出三句或不能看出来的，恭喜你，这里就是你的英语起步之路了。
首先大家想一下：一个完整的句子是什么样的？它必须具有什么样的素养？必须能够表达完整的意思！！！这需要以两个部分来完成：主语和动词。
虽然从初中开始就教五种基本句型，但我敢打赌，大部分人可能连主语是什么都说不清楚。
说到这，可能有不服的要来一战。
我来还原一下：老师，we are having an English class，主语不就是人吗？那A cat is drinking milk，主语为什么不是小猫？呃...那主语就是人和动物（挣扎1）那The trees are growing，主语为什么不是树？啊...好吧，人、动物、植物都可以做主语（挣扎2）Well, Reading books is my hobby，这句话的主语是什么？好吧老师，我放弃，我不知道。
（挣扎失败）现在咱们先把前三个句子拿出来：we are having an English class.A cat is drinking milk.The trees are growing.你就会发现一个规律：xx做了什么样的动作。
第一讲_英语句子结构分析
第一讲 英语句子结构分析句子的划分I. 根据结构划分：①简单句S+V （主+谓）S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O （主+谓+宾）S+V+o+O （主+谓+间宾+直宾） S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补） ②并列句 and, but, or③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句） II. 根据功能划分： 陈述句疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）祈使句感叹句III. 根据句子成分：单个词汇短语从句一．陈述句（五种句型）1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。
2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。
5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。
I. 常用作连系动词：①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它.口诀解读：如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了，菜都馊了。
化的静态形容词。
如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。
如：Still water runs deep.静水深流。
句子结构
第一讲句子结构英语句子有两种分类标准。
一种是按照句子的使用目的分类，可分为陈述句、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句）、祈使句和感叹句；另一种是按照句子结构分类，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1．主语+ 不及物动词+（状语）Li Hua works very hard. 李华工作很勤奋。
My uncle is returning from France. 我叔叔将从法国回来。
She failed in the English exam. 她英语考试没有通过。
2．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语She missed a lot of lessons. 她耽误了很多课程。
I will buy Olympic English. 我将买本《奥林匹克英语》。
3．主语+ 连系动词+ 表语All of us feel grateful to him. 我们大家都很感激他。
The second largest building is the students’ apartments. 第二大建筑是学生公寓楼。
Zhang Ying is a student of Class 1 Grade 9.张英是九年级一班的学生。
Mr. Green is from Australia. 格林先生是澳大利亚人。
英语中常见的连系动词有：(1)表示“是”的：be(是）(2)表示“变成”的：become, get, turn, go, grow, come, fall,etc.(3)表示“保持”的：keep, stay, remain,etc.(4)表示“......起来”（由“五官感觉动词”演变而来）的：look,sound,smell,taste, feel,ect.4．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语“宾语补足语”就是对“宾语”进行“补充、说明”的成分。
“宾语+宾语补足语”又称为“复合宾语”。
He often makes his parents. (错句。
第一讲 句子结构( Sentence Structure)
FCl
√
-ing Cl
√
Inf. Cl
√
Ed Cl
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √Βιβλιοθήκη OiCo A√
√ √ √ √ √
√
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
AdvPs and PPs as subject
Slowly is exactly how he speaks.
Out on the lake will be splendid. Will after the show be soon enough?
Linking verb or copular:
Intransitive: Monotransitive: SV; SVA SVO SVOC SVC
Ditransitive:
SVOO Complex transitive:
2.1.2 Major clause elements: a clearer picture
1. Clause elements
The construction of the simple sentence or clause organized by a group of phrases goes as follows: subject + predicate
Subject: the topic or theme of the sentence / telling of what the sentence is about / realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrase
Subject: The book is mine. (SVC)
第一讲-英语句子结构分析
第一讲英语句子结构分析句子的成分句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语和状语。
一、主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由_____词、_____词、_____或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
主语一般在句首。
Gina is from Australia.Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies.We study in No.1 Middle School.The classroom is very clean.To teach them English is my job.附件： 1. 名词我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。
概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。
如： Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace 2. 代词代词是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
用来代替名词、形容词或数词。
如：we,that,his,what人称代词；物主代词；指示代词人称代词themtheyhim her ithe her it第三人称you you you you 第二人称us we me I 第一人称宾格主格宾格主格复数单数人称物主代词他(她,它)们的你们的我们的它的她的他的你的我的中文theirsyours ours itsher his yours mine 名词性物主代词theiryour our its her his your my 形容词性物主代词第三人称第二人称第一人称第三人称第二人称第一人称复数单数指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。
Is that his book?Those are my brothers.Is this your pencil?These are my friends.例句常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物一般用来指时间或空间上较近的事物用法that(those)this(these)指示代词二、谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
句子结构和宾语从句
第一讲句子结构+宾语从句姓名：分数：知识点一句子结构(一)、句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。
一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。
The boy needs a pen.Smoking is bad for you.2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。
由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。
The trainleaves at 6 o’clock.She is reading.3、宾语：表示动作的对象。
一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。
He won the game.He likes playing computer.4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。
一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词之后。
He is a student.We are tired.注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine.（形容词）The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）注意：1、当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。
例如：I tell him something interesting.2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
第一讲 句子成分与句子结构PPT课件
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E.g. Africa is a big continent. That remains a puzzle to me. I feel much better today. Our next step was to get raw materials ready. This is what he said.
学习并没有结束，希望大家继续努力
Learning Is Not Over. I Hope You Will Continue To Work Hard
演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
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rides a red bicycle.
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表语(Predicative)
• 表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品质、 特征和状态
• 表语常位于系动词(Link Verb)之后：be; become; remain; appear; seem; feel; grow; sound; smell; taste; get等。
3
E.g.
The sun rises in the east. I am a teacher. Getting up early is a good habit
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• What is the most expensive meal listed on the menu?
• At the North Pole the sun does not shine for half of the year.
about at that moment.
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定语(Attribute)
• 定语用来修饰限定名词或代词。
初中英语语法一-句子结构
第一讲、夯实基础，掌握句子结构。
我们的目标是：坚决不写畸形句子！！！！！！！！！！！第一种句子成分——主语是句子所表达的主体，是发出动作的事物！或者表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。
Harry potter is the hero in this book.We often speak english in class.Playing basketball is interesting.试着找出以下句子的主语He is tall.He works hard.I believe him.I believe that he is honest.To learn English is important.Swimming is a sport he enjoys.That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class.用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代，叫形式主语，真实主语在句中都后移，如：It is important to learn English.It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the world１第二种句子成分——谓语常位于主语之后。
说明主语“做什么〔动作〕”“是什么东西”“怎么样〔特性〕”。
总是由动词或动词短语充当。
谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致！I saw your brother yesterday.Please look after the twins.David`s hobby is writting.You may keep the book for two weeks.快来找找以下句子的谓语：My mom is weaving a sweater.The little boy is crying for his dog.She looks so amazing.I am so happy for you.You are not my cup of tea.特别友情提示：用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致I like homework.She likes the boy next classroom.Ultraman beats little monters.I am a cute boy.She is beautiful.Her children are naughty like monkeys.第三种句子成分——宾语位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象，承受者或结果。
英语句子成分分析
第一讲 英语句子结构分析句子的划分I. 根据结构划分：①简单句S+V （主+谓）S+V+P(主+谓+表)S+V+O （主+谓+宾）S+V+o+O （主+谓+间宾+直宾） S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补）②并列句 and, but, or③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句） II. 根据功能划分： 陈述句疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）祈使句感叹句III. 根据句子成分：单个词汇短语从句一．陈述句（五种句型）1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。
2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。
5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。
I. 常用作连系动词：①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它.口诀解读：如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了，菜都馊了。
化的静态形容词。
如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。
如：Still water runs deep.静水深流。
第一讲 句子结构
第一讲句子结构1句子的种类1.1按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
The film is rather boring.Where do you live?Don't be nervous!What good news it is!1.2句子按其结构可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三类。
She is fond of collecting stamps.The food was good, but he had little appetite.The film had begun when we got to the cinema.1.3基本句型：1）主+ 动（SV）例如：I work.2）主+ 动+ 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.3）主+ 动+ 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.4）主+ 动+ 宾+ 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right.5）主+ 动+ 间宾+ 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.2.考试要点2.1感叹句要点掌握感叹句的基本构成，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。
例如：How clever a boy！How lovely the baby is!What +名词+陈述语序。
What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。
What+ 形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+陈述语序。
例如：What a clever boy he is!What (terrible) noise they are making!What wonderful ideas （we have）!What cold weather it is!2.2.否定句、疑问句要点：否定句、疑问句的构成尤其是反义疑问句2.3.并列句要点：掌握表示平行的并列连词and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, and then；表示转折的but, however, while, yet；表示因果for, so；表示选择的or, either…or, neither… nor.2.4．复合句要点：各个从属连词的用法。
第一讲_英语句子结构分析
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫
做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
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4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者 代词担任, 放在及物动词之后。如： I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从 句）
3. 表语(predicative)(即主语补语)：系动词之后 的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词 化的分词） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
2011年TEM 4中： 宾语：1 主语：1
主谓关系： 1
2012年TEM 4中： 同位语：2 主语：1 宾语：1 状语：3（状语从句 1；介词短语做状语 2） 2013年TEM 4中： 同位语： 1 补语： 1 2014年TEM 4中： 补语： 1 动宾关系：1
主谓关系：1
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (名 词短语) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
常见的系动词有: be, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, remain, feel, turn……
找出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ②The leaves have turned yellow. ③ Soon they all became interested in the subject. ④She was the first to learn about it.
简单句的五个基本句型 4. 主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVoO) She gave John a book． 5. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC) She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足 语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足 语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _______.(TEM4-2013-52) D A. appositive (同位语) B. object C. adverbial D. complement 教材14页称该现象为双重谓语。 英语里有一个句型：主语+不及物动词（非系动词）+ 形容词（或名词），一派语法学家称其为带双谓语的句 型，另一派则把它称作带主语补语的句型，如： They married young. He died happy. He died a poor man.
Lecture one Sentence Structure & Lecture 36 Modification
简单句的五个基本句型 1. 主语＋系动词＋主语补语(SVC) Grammar is hell. 2. 主语＋不及物动词(SV) Grammar sucks. 3. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语(SVO) I hate grammar.
1. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT (TEM4-2012-59) A. Only one problem still remains – the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and support me. D. She liked her current job, teaching English. 2. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (TEM4-2013-61) A. He is not the man to draw back. B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie. C. Larry has a large family to support. D. There is really nothing to fear.
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story. ② Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. 结果 result degree I like some of you very much. 程度 condition If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 条件 He goes to school by bike. 方式 manner 让步 Though he is young, he can do it well. concession
6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句 子。 Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词短语） You should do everything that I do. （定语 从句）
1. Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial? (TEM4-2012-62) A A. Despite the rain, everyone enjoyed the trip. B. The man with a beard is talking to the manager. C. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan. 教材308-309页 D. Are you sure of Simon’s disappearance? 2. Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession? (TEM4-2012-64) C A. They used the box for keeping treasure. B. I stepped aside for her to get in first. C. For all that he seems to dislike me, I still like him. D. The parents bought a birthday cake for their son.
7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或句子。 (教材421页) I will go there tomorrow. 时间 Adverbial of time The meeting will be held in the meeting room. place 地点 The meat went bad because of the hot weather. cause 原因 purpose He studies hard to learn English well. 目的
8. 同位语（教材418页）
两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位，如果它们所指相 同，句法功能也相同，我们就把这种结构叫做同位结构， 而把后项叫做前项的同位语。如： the city of Shanghai the year 2014 Playing football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends. During all those years the young man had but one aim---to fight for the independence of his country. He studies linguistics, or the science of language. Some animals, for example the fox and squirrel, have bushy tails.