小学英语辅导讲义

小学英语辅导讲义◆名词复习名词的分类一、可数名词的特点：a.有单复数之分b. 能用a, an,c. 数词来修饰d. 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of等词语修饰二、可数名词由单数变复数的基本构成规则：1. 大多数名词是在词尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, months2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 构成复数。

matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches，etc.3. 以“o”结尾，有（生命）的加-es, 有的加-spotatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos4. 辅音字母＋y结尾，去y，＋ies factories, countries, ladies, cities, batteries 元音字母＋y结尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys, keys5. 以f, fe结尾，去f, fe, ＋ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf →leaves, life → lives，wolf → wolves wife → wives half → halves, thief → thieves loaf →loaveshandkerchief →handkerchiefs, handkerchieves三、可数名词不规则变化man → men, woman →women, policeman →policemen, foot→feet, tooth →teeth, child→children, mouse→mice, goose →geese 鹅sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese → Chinese,Japanese → Japanese, Swiss→ Swiss ox →oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans,means →means四、名词的数量表达：1.可数名词的数量表达：many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 数词,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of…dozens of, scores of…2. 不可数名词的数量表达：much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of…VI. 关于名词数的注意点：1.名词作定语通常用单数形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag但也有用复数的：sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room,talks table, the foreign languages department2. 有些名词在某些习惯性用法中，要用复数形式：shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change seats五、名词所有格1．有生命的＋’sMary’s, father’s, the boy’s books, anybody else’s advice, each other’s mistakes, 2. 词尾是-s 或-es的复数名词，只加“’”the teachers’ office, the workers’ tools，twenty minutes’ walk3. 词尾没有-s的复数名词则加“‘s”来表示。

Children’s Day, Women’s Day, the people’s needs4. ’s 也可用于时间，距离，天体，国名，地名a two-hour ride, in two weeks’ time, today’s newspaper, two hours’ ride, twentyminutes’ walk5.如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词的词尾加“’s”.This is Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.如果不共有，则两个名词后面都加“’s”.These are Bill’s and Tom’s bikes.◆代词复习1、人称代词（1）人称代词的分类人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。

(2)人称代词的用法：①主格人称代词在句中作主语。

She is as intelligent as he (is). 她像他一样聪明。

We all like English very much.我们都很喜欢英语。

I like music.我我喜欢音乐。

②宾格人称代词在句中作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。

We often go to see her on Saturdays. 我们常在星期六去看她。

即景活用：①Miss Lin teaches _______English this term.-You are lucky .______is a very good teacher.A.our She; He,SheD. ours; He答案:C点拨:本题考查人称代词主格与宾格的用法区别。

第一个空在动词teaches后作宾语，故用宾格;第二个空在句中作主语，故用主格，且性别上应与Miss Lin相对应。

②(2008.北京)I'm going skating. Would you like to go with _____?A.meB.. IC. myD. mine答案:A点拨:with是介词，介词后的代饲用宾格形式，作介词的宾语。

2，物主代词物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。

（1）形容词性的:物主代词具有形容词的的特征，后面接名词。

Our school is not far from here. 我们的学校肉这儿不远。

My father and mother are teachers. They like their work.（2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语，表语或宾语。

This is not my pen. Mine is red.这不是我的钢笔。

我的是红色的。

I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours.我的词典丢了。

请把你的借我用一下。

Do you know Alice?一Yes. I know____very well.A. sheB. herC. hersel fD. hers◆动词时态复习动词的定义和分类一、定义动词主要是用来表示动作、状态和性质，而动作和状态的发生有具体时间和表现形式，这就是英语中动词的时态。

时态简单地理解就是时（时间）态（动词表现的状态，另外就是动词的形态二、动词的基本形态（或形式）：动词原形，第三人称单数，过去式，现在分词和过去分词动词的分类动词时态时态分述（一）一般现在时的用法一般现在时1.定义:表示包括现在在内的经常性,习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态.a.He goes to school on foot.b. He is seven years old.c.The light travels faster than the sound.2.谓语动词的形式:主语是第三人称单数时，动词变化的形式和方法与名词变复数的方法基本一样：（1）在动词原形后加-s , 如：works, runs, likes（2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 或-o 结尾的动词，加-es, 如：teaches, goes, does, washes（3）以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把y变i再加-es, 如：studies, flies, carries. （4）不规则变化，如：have -has; be- is2）标志词：如果句中有always, sometimes, often, usually, every day 等时间词时，这个句子多用一般现在时态。

例如：a. He goes to school every day.b. He is often late for school.c. The earth moves around the sun.3.用法：1）表示经常性，习惯性发生的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，often, always, usually, never等。

I go to work on foot every day. 我每天走路去上班。

（每天都一样）2）表示兴趣，爱好，所属关系等。

She likes dancing. 她喜欢跳舞。

（兴趣爱好）I have a football. 我有一个足球。

（所属关系）3）标识性质，特征，（包括外貌，年龄，高矮，来历等），处所等。

She is 12 years old. 她12岁。

（年龄）The hospital is next to our school. 医院在我们学校旁边。

（处所）4）标识客观真理，客观存在，科学事实，格言或警句。

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often (have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be) members of the Reading Club.3. She and I （take）a walk together every evening.4. There (be) some water in the bottle.5. We (not watch) TV on weekdays.6. Nick (not do) his homework on Sundays.7. they (like) the World Cup?8. What they usually (do) on holidays?9. your parents (read) newspapers every day?10. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.Ⅱ.按照要求改写句子。