小学英语辅导讲义

小学英语辅导讲义

◆名词复习

名词的分类

一、可数名词的特点：

a.有单复数之分

b. 能用a, an,

c. 数词来修饰

d. 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式

e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of等词语修饰

二、可数名词由单数变复数的基本构成规则：

1. 大多数名词是在词尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, months

2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 构成复数。

matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches，etc.

3. 以“o”结尾，有（生命）的加-es, 有的加-s

potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos

4. 辅音字母＋y结尾，去y，＋ies factories, countries, ladies, cities, batteries 元音字母＋y结尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys, keys

5. 以f, fe结尾，去f, fe, ＋ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf →leaves, life → lives，

wolf → wolves wife → wives half → halves, thief → thieves loaf →loaves

handkerchief →handkerchiefs, handkerchieves

三、可数名词不规则变化

man → men, woman →women, policeman →policemen, foot→feet, tooth →teeth, child→children, mouse→mice, goose →geese 鹅sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese → Chinese,

Japanese → Japanese, Swiss→ Swiss ox →oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans,

means →means

四、名词的数量表达：

1.可数名词的数量表达：

many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 数词,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of…dozens of, scores of…

2. 不可数名词的数量表达：

much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of…

VI. 关于名词数的注意点：

1.名词作定语通常用单数形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag

但也有用复数的：

sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room,

talks table, the foreign languages department

2. 有些名词在某些习惯性用法中，要用复数形式：

shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change seats

五、名词所有格

1．有生命的＋’s

Mary’s, father’s, the boy’s books, anybody else’s advice, each other’s mistakes, 2. 词尾是-s 或-es的复数名词，只加“’”

the teachers’ office, the workers’ tools，twenty minutes’ walk

3. 词尾没有-s的复数名词则加“‘s”来表示。Children’s Day, Women’s Day, the people’s needs

4. ’s 也可用于时间，距离，天体，国名，地名

a two-hour ride, in two weeks’ time, today’s newspaper, two hours’ ride, twenty

minutes’ walk

5.如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词的词尾加“’s”.

This is Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.

如果不共有，则两个名词后面都加“’s”.These are Bill’s and Tom’s bikes.

◆代词复习

1、人称代词

（1）人称代词的分类

人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。