3b连词成句并翻译句子

3年级连词成句并翻译句子专项练习
答题注意点：句子开头字母大写；结尾标点符号！细心点！！
1. have Shall now we lunch
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
2. You go to can school now
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

3. zoo the to Let’s go
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

4. is It to time go home
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

5. is What please time the
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
6. two is four What plus
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
7.man Who the is
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
8. this Is mother your
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
9. minus eleven is What six
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
10. She your I daughter think is
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

11. This friend David my is
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

12. nice What a telephone
_______________________________________ ！ ___________________________________！
13. in is English What this
_______________________________________ ？ _________________________________ _？
14. on desk What that is the
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
15. her new knife at Look
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

16. That a radio is nice
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

17. my photo is It family
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

18. wrong are Sorry you
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

19. She your sister think I is
_______________________________________ . ___________________________________。

20. have I Can a look
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________?
21. in What this his school bag is
_______________________________________ ? ___________________________________? 真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
大学汉英翻译教程（王治奎）
1． From English to Chinese （句子）
55. I was only joking, but he took it to heart. Just as an old saying goes, “A casual speaker’s remark may sound deliberate to a suspicious listener.”
56.In blaming him for what had happened, you were indeed barking up the wrong tree. He had nothing whatever to do with the affair.
57.She is not the kind of person to bear anyone a grudge. She is frank, broad-minded, and outspoken.
58.Unique local creations are available in Xi’an, such as the three colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta figures.
59.She couldn’t have come at a better time.
60.They preach taking from others, whereas we advocate giving to others.
Answers:
1.我当时是说着玩儿的，他就认真了。

这不正应了那句话：“言者无心，听者有意”。

2.这件事你责怪他是找错了对象，他与此事毫无关系。

3.她不是那种小心眼儿。

她胸怀宽广、心直口快、光明磊落。

4.到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。

5.她来得正是时候。

6.他们讲索取，我们讲奉献。

2. From Chinese to English
7.缘木求鱼
8.大海捞针
9.一箭之遥
10.守口如瓶
11.面如土色
12.胆小如鼠
13.一模一样
14.蠢得像猪
15.瓮中之鳖
16.倔得像牛
17.睡得死沉
18.对牛弹琴
19.一丘之貉
20.掌上明珠
真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
21.像落汤鸡
22.满腹文章
23.聋得像石头
24.像没头苍蝇
25.无风不起浪
26.挂羊头卖狗肉
27.聚也不易，散也不易。

28.幼儿园的孩子们看上去健康活泼。

29.医院为病人提供有助于健康的食物。

30.他的行为和他的诺言很不相符，很少有人相信他。

31.这篇文章纯粹是在颠倒黑白。

32.禁止用迷信、暴力手段残害妇女。

33.事情已经闹得不可收拾了。

34.古人说得好：有钱能使鬼推磨，现在只要有钞票，保险你路路通
35.十年树木，百年树人。

36.路遥知马力，日久见人心。

37.“嫫母有所美，西施有所丑。

”不知道满足的人，实在是自取灭亡呀。

38.任何一个人，如果不努力学习新东西，都会为时代所淘汰。

39.两个女生对着信哧哧地笑着，因为这封信是一个男生写给她们中一个的。

40.所以，开放、搞活政策延续多久，端正党风的工作就得干多久，纠正不正之风、打击犯罪活动就得干多久，这是一项长期的工作，要贯彻在整个改革过程中，这样才能保证我们开放、搞活政策的正确执行。

41.近十多年来，中国教育在过去的基础上，又取得了令人瞩目的成就，已形成了学前教育—基础教育—职业教育—高等教育—成人教育—老年教育这样一个教育体系。

42.我们对香港问题的基本立场是明确的，这里主要有三个问题。

一个是主权问题；再一个问题是1997年后中国采取什么方式管理香港，继续保持香港繁荣；第三个问题，是中国和英国两国政府要妥善商谈如何使香港从现在到1997年的15年中不出现大的波动。

Answers:
43.to seek a hare in a hen’s nest
44.to look for a needle in a hay stack
45.at a stone’s throw
46.dumb as an oyster
47.as white as a sheet
48.as timid as a hare
49.as like as two peas
50.as stupid as a goose
51.like a rat in a hole
真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
52.as stubborn as a mule
53.sleep like a log
54.to cast pearls before a swine
55.birds of a feather
56.the apple of one’s eye
57.as wet as a drowned rat
58.have a mind crammed with knowledge
59.as deaf as a post
60.as blind as a bat
61.no smoke without fire
62.cry up wine and sell vinegar
63.It is not easy to gather, nor is it to part with each other.
64.The children in the kindergartens look healthy and lively.
65.The patients are provided with a very healthful diet in the hospital.
66.His conduct contrasts so sharply with his promises that very few people believe him.
67.The writer of the article is doing nothing but confusing right and wrong.(confound black and white)
68.Cruel treatment causing injury or even death of women by superstition or violence is prohibited.
69.That thing has gone too far to be set right.
70.There’s a lot of truth in the old saying: “If you’ve money you can even make the devil turn your mill.” Today, so long as you’ve got money you can be sure every door will be open to you…”
71.It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear people.
72. A long road tests a horse’s strength and a long task proves a man’s heart.
73.There is beauty in the ugliest woman, and ugliness in the greatest beauty. Only those who can never be satisfied simply ruin themselves.
74.Any person who fails to master new things will be left behind the times.
75.Two school girls were giggling over a letter which one of them has received from a boy.
76.As long as we pursue the policies of opening to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy, we shall have to continue our efforts to improve Party conduct, correct bad tendencies and crack down on crime. This is going to be a long-term task to be fulfilled throughout the period of the reform. It is the only way to ensure the correct implementation of our policies.
77.Remarkable progress has been made in the past decade, and a complete educational system, covering the entire process from preschool to elementary, vocational, university and adult education, has taken place.
Our basic position on the question of Hong Kong is clear. There are three major issues involved. One in the issue of sovereignty, another is the way in which China will administrate Hong Kong so as to maintain its properity after 1997, and still another is 真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
the need for the Chinese and British governments to hold appropriate discussions on ways to avoid major disturbances in Hong Kong during the 15 years between now and 1997.
英汉翻译教程（张培基）
Translate from English to Chinese.
78.Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.
79.At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not shoot him from the hip.
80.Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.
81.The Chinese are justifiably proud of their economic achievements in recent years.
82.He talked with understandable pride of his daughter’s achievements.
83.The sight and sound of the army jeeps filled the little boy with special longing.
84.Stubbornness has always characterized her way of negotiating.
85.They signed two agreements that served to warm up the relationship between their two countries.
86.His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
87.He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there.
88.On many occasions top executives devote more time to screening potential partners in financial terms than in human terms.
89.It is the university, with its 15,000 students, dozens of colleges, and its large numbers of museums, churches, libraries, gardens, and offices, that dominates the look and temperament of the city of Oxford.
90.As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.
91.All she had to do was sweeping, dusting and cleaning and could get 2 pounds for one hour.
92.Everything was a on a larger scale for him, the highs were higher, the lows lower.
93.Thus he grew in body and soul.
94.My grandfather used to tell me that one got more enjoyment out of one hour's fruitful work than out of ten hours' meaningless recreation.
95.She opened her eyes. They were filled with tears.
96.The university is full of people having four-star abilities with five-star ambitions.
97.Instead we continued to embellish （v.修饰）the cover story, walking blindly into his trap.
真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
98.After years of working as an accountant in a small company, she now decided to quit the job and immigrate to Australia, where she hoped she could start again.
99.The decision to veto against the proposal was not taken lightly.
100.He was regarded as a strong candidate in the coming general election, even though he had not made up his mind yet whether to take part in the election or not.
101.Modern skyscrapers began to appear in the city, / taking away much of its ancient charm and mystery, / which was considered as a great pity by many people.
102.Everybody took it for granted that after what had happened, he would surely take the blame and resign.
103.Such a chance was denied her simply because she was a married woman.
104.Such things couldn't long escape notice.
105.He thinks he's the bee's knees.
106. He made the sound of sympathy which deeply hurt her because it was the kind of sound that came too readily from those who never knew what hardship meant.
107. Occasionally there would be days when both of them were free and would
to-gether spend a day in their cottage on the edge of the moors.
108.After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
32. She had talked to the Head of the Department about her worries, who assured her that nothing could possibly go wrong. -
33.He took the idea to the manager, who liked it and ordered an investigation to see if it could be applied to their auto production.
34.Because we are both prepared to proceed on the basis of equality and mutual
respect, we meet at a moment when we can make peaceful cooperation a real-ity.
35.So while I have sympathy for these fellows who reacted against the formality of their predecessors, I think they went too far.
36.British newspapers-all of them some of the time, and some of them almost all the time-behave badly in two ways. They intrude unnecessarily into people's privacy; and they publish inaccurate, sometimes made-up stories.
Answers:
109.不必担心太早。

（不必自寻烦恼。

）
110.在目前，关于敌人的意图还只有不太充分的情报，我们不能卤莽行事。

111.他们愉快、能干、热情，会想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。

112.中国人为他们近几年来在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是理所应当的。

真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
113.他骄傲地谈起女儿的成就，这是可以理解的。

114.看到那些军用吉普车，听到它们隆隆的轰鸣，这个小男孩的心里充满了向往。

115.固执是她的谈判方式的一贯特点。

116.他们签定了两个协定，目的是使两国之间的关系升温。

117.无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。

118.他受到那边高级官员的冷遇。

119.在很多时候，一些高层经理人员花费大量时间以财礼大小而不是人员素质为标准来取舍合作伙伴。

120.拥有15，000名学生，数十个学院以及众多的博物馆、教堂、图书馆、花园和办公楼的牛津大学，在牛津城里最引人瞩目，同时也最体现该城的风貌。

121.在我们讨论我们的分歧的时候，我们哪一方都不会在我们的原则上妥协。

但是，虽然我们不能弥合我们之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。

122.她要做的是扫地、除尘、收拾房间，报酬是一小时两个英镑。

123.他总是喜欢夸大事实，高的说得更高，低的说得更低。

124.这样，他在身心两方面都成长起来了。

125.我的祖父曾跟我说过，一个人从一个小时的有成效的工作中得到的快乐比从十个小时的无聊的娱乐中所得到的快乐还多。

126.她睁开眼晴，眼里充满了泪水。

127.大学里充斥着眼高手低之辈。

128.而事实不然，我们却仍然对那个掩盖真相的假情况添油加醋，大肆渲染，从而盲人骑瞎马地陷入了他布臵的圈套。

129.她在一家小公司里干了很多年会计，现在决定辞职，移民到澳洲，希望在那儿重新开始。

130.否决提案的决定不是轻易做出的。

131.所有的人都把他看作下届大选的强有力竞争者,尽管他还未拿定主意是否参加竞选。

132.富有现代化气息的摩天大楼开始出现在这座城市，使得这座古城失去了不少古老的风韵和神秘，许多人叹为可惜。

133.大家都想当然地认为发生了这样的事,他一定会引咎辞职的。

134.这一机会没有给她只因为她是一个已婚女人。

135.这种事情迟早会被人发觉的。

136.他以为自己高人一等。

137.他发出了同情之声,这深深地刺伤了她,因为这是一种那些从不知苦难为何物的人最容易脱口而出的同情声。

138.偶尔也有这样的日子,他们俩都有闲暇,就一起往荒园边上他们的小屋呆上一天。

139.晚餐后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,一直谈到深夜。

140.她向系主任谈起她的担忧,主任向她保证说不会出什么差错。

他把这种想法向经理作了汇报,经理对此很感兴趣,指示进行一次调查,看真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
141.是否可将其用于他们的轿车生产。

142.因为我们双方都准备在平等互尊的基础上行事,我们此时的会晤就能够使和平合作成为现实。

143.因此尽管我对这些反抗祖先的条条框框的家伙怀有同情,我还是认为他们做得太过了。

144.英国的报纸有两种恶行:- 是无端侵犯别人的私生活; 二是刊登失实的有时甚至是无中生有的报道。

所有的报纸都无一例外,有的偶尔为之,有的则几乎天天如此。

Translate from Chinese to English.
145.不爱红妆爱武装
146.“情人眼中出西施”
147.一日之计在于晨
148.从母亲的手势中我模模糊糊地猜测到有件不寻常的事情就要发生了。

149.在我的记忆中，我的老师来到我身边的那一天是我生命里最重要的日子。

150.跟别人不同，他选择呆在电脑前迎接新千年的到来。

151.许多中国人一个细节都不漏地观看了交接仪式。

152.我们提着一口袋玩具和书籍，在晨曦中穿过了花园。

153.这家报纸的社论说，试图用武力解决该地区的危机违反《联合国宪章》。

154.当他感觉到这个年轻人对自己的婚姻可能造成威胁时，就本能地想尽快摆脱他。

155.我就是这个性格，怎么改也改不过来。

156.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。

157.他是一个性格复杂的人，有时很好相处，有时不可理喻。

158.以往我从未想过，我会对一部电影感兴趣，看了三遍还不腻，但这次情况确是如此。

159.她看起来比实际年龄要年轻一些，因为她一直过着安逸的生活。

160.听人说，他很小就失去了父亲，完全是靠自己的努力才取得今天的成就的。

161.无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。

162.1999 年 12 月 20 日,中国恢复对澳门行使主权。

163.他甚至不愿掩饰对她的浓妆艳抹的厌恶。

164.他们一旦被这一组织接收,就没有任何办法摆脱它的控制。

165.我告诉他工作完成之后,不管有多晚,都要向我汇报。

166.他对上级格外殷勤,生怕档案里记上对他不利的东西。

167.我们中没几个人愿意承认过得很开心,生怕别人当我们是傻子。

Answer真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
s:
168.To face the powder and not to powder the face.
169.Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
170.An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.
171.I guessed vaguely from my mother’s signs that something unusual was about to happen.
172.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher came to me.
173.Not like others, he chose to stay in front of his computer to welcome the New Millenium.
174.Many Chinese people watched the handing over ceremony without missing a
single detail.
175.Then with a bag of toys and books, we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn.
176.The paper said editorially that it is against the United Nations Charter to attempt to solve the crisis in the region with military force.
177.When he felt the potential threat this young man might pose to his marriage, his instinct was to get away from him as soon as possible.
178.This is the way I am, and try as I might, haven't been able to change.
179.He shrugged shoulders, shook head, cast up two eyes, and said nothing.
180.He is a complicated man in character, sometimes easy going, sometimes unreasonable.
181.I had never thought I’d got so involved in a movie and didn't feel bored after watching it three times. But this time I was.
182.She looked younger than her age, for she had had an easy life.
183.They say he lost his father at a very early age. He has achieved what he has got today all through his own efforts.
184.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
185.On December 20，1999,China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.
186.He didn't even try to conceal his dislike for her heavy make-up.
187.Once they had been accepted by the organization, there was no way they could get rid of its control.
188.I told him to report to me after the job was completed, no matter how late it was.
189.He was extra polite (extra polite adj.非常客气的, 非常有礼貌的)to his superiors lest something adverse might be written into his records.
190.Few of us are prepared to admit to being happy for fear that we will be thought stupid.
Translate English paragraphs into Chinese.
真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
1．On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.
I guessed vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusually was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle (n.[植]忍冬) that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned(adj.朝上的) face. My fingers lingered (v.逗留,游移) almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.
2．True words are not embellished (embellish v.修饰),
The embellished words are not true.
A good man does not quibble (vt.对...诡辩);
He who quibbles is not good.
A man of true learning does not show off (show off v.炫耀, 卖弄, 使显眼)his learning. He who shows off his learning does not have true learning.
The sage does not store up(store up储藏).
Helping others as best as he can.
He is helped even more.
Giving others as much as he can,
He becomes richer and richer still.
3．No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of Eternity in youth, which makes us amend for every thing. To be young is to be one of the Immortal
Gods. One half of time indeed is flown—the other half remains in store for us with all its countless treasures; for there is no line drawn, and we see no limit to our hopes and wishes.
Answers:
1．是个不寻常的下午，我一声不响，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里。

从母亲的手势和屋内人们匆匆的走动中，我模模糊糊地预感到有什么特别的事就要发生了。

我来到门口，站在台阶上等着。

午后的阳光透过门廊上覆盖着的一层厚厚的忍冬，照在我仰起的脸上。

我的手指几乎是无意识地停留在我所熟悉的叶片和花朵上，这刚刚迸出的叶片和花朵迎来了芬芳的南方的春天。

2 信言不美，美言不信。

善者不辩，辩者不善。

知者不博，博者不知。

圣人不积，既以为人己愈有，既以与人己愈多。

3．一个年轻人相信他是要死的。

在青春时有一种永恒的感觉，使人获得了一切的补偿。

年轻人快乐似神仙。

虽则半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏，仍然给他储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷。

1.to fight to the last man
2.under one’s nose
真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
3.packed like sardines
4.sour grapes
5.a die-hard
6.The Trojan horse
7.The heel of Achilles
8.The sword of Damocles
9.The cold war
10. A rolling stone gathers no moss
习语的套用 :
1.to be on thin ice
2.strike while the iron is hot
3.a drop in the ocean
4.to shed crocodile tears
5.to spend money like water
6.One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy
意译法 :
1.The teenagers don’t invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket.
2.Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.
3.She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes.
4.But the die was cast, he could not go back.
5.It’s no use crying over spilt milk (To cry over spilt milk).
6.If you run after two hares, you will catch neither (To run after two hares).
7.Where there’s smoke, there’s fire (There is no smoke without fire).
英语中的非习语译为汉语习语 :
1.Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless.
2.It is clear that he was one of the outstanding pilots in the whole program.
3.I was nervous before crowds.
真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
张拉拉
应届毕业生 | 女
居住地：南昌
电话：139********（手机）
E-mail：Zhanglala@
最高学历
学历：硕士
专业：国际政治（国际经济方向）（研究生阶段）主修英语辅修金融（本科阶段）
学校：北京语言大学
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自我评价
品学兼优，活跃激情，思维敏捷，眼界宽广，创造力、学习能力、应变能力、组织领导能力俱佳；团队协作能力强、善于交流表达、能迅速融入新的环境；有极佳的中英文交流能力及扎实的金融、商务知识；有丰富的大会经验。

所获奖项
某年获得校级综合三等奖学金
某年获得社会实践奖学金
某年获得英语翻译翻译竞赛三等奖
班级唯一“优秀毕业论文”获得者
某年中华人民共和国商务部亚洲司国外部级来访团接待翻译某年第三届印度中国合作论坛同传、交传志愿者
某年中国印度—-经济发展与环境保护会议交传志愿者
某年六人行英语俱乐部口语老师
某年印度中国经济文化促进会总经理助理
某年商业周刊（中文版）助理
某年中国工商银行江西省分行国际业务部实习生
某年北京语言大学助教
北京语言大学AIESEC（国际经济学商学学生联合会，全球最大的学生组织，世界第三大非政府机构）负责人。

北京语言大学英语系《鹰语》杂志社发行策划部部部长。

证书
获得英语专业八级证书（良好）
获得英语专业四级证书（良好）
获得剑桥商务英语高级（BEC HIGHER）证书
通过普通话水平测试（一级乙等）
拥有优秀的英语听、说、读、写及翻译能力
英语（良好）：听说（良好），读写（良好）真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
1.1计算机概述
考点1计算机发展简史
1946年2月日，世界上第一台电子计算机Eniac在美国宾夕法尼亚大学诞生，它的出现具有划时代的伟大意义。

从第一台计算机的诞生到现在，计算机技术经历了大型机、微型机及网络阶段。

对于传统的大型机，根据计算机所采用电子元件的不同而划分为电子管、晶体管、集成电路和大规模、超大规模集成电路等四代，如表l1-1所示。

我国在微型计算机方面，研制开发了长城、方正、同方、紫光、联想等系列微型计算机我国在巨型机技术领域中研制开发了“银河”、“曙光”、“神威”等系列巨型机。

考点2计算机的特点
现代计算机算一般具有以下几个重要特点。

（1）处理速度快
（2）存储容量大。

（3）计算精度高。

（4）工作全自动。

（5）适用范围广，通用性强。

考点3计算机的应用
计算机具有存储容量大，处理速度快，逻辑推理和判断能力强等许多特点，因此已被广泛应用于各种科学领域，并迅速渗透到人类社会的各个方面，同时也进人了家庭。

计算机主要有以下几个方面的应用。

（1）科学计算（数值计算）。

（2）过程控制。

（3）计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）。

（4）信息处理。

（5）现代教育（计算机辅助教学（CAI）、计算机模拟、多媒体教室、网上教学和电子大学）。

（6）家庭生活。

考点4计算机的分类
计算机品种众多，从不同角度可对它们进行分类，如表1-2所示。

1.2数制与编码
考点5数制的基本概念
1.十进制计欺制
其加法规则是“逢十进一”，任意一个十进制数值都可用0. 1. 2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8.9共10真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
个数字符号组成的字符串来表示，这些数字符号称为数码；数码处于不同的位臵代表不的数值。

例如720.30可以写成7x102＋2x101＋0x100＋3 x10 1＋0x10 2，此式称为按权展开表示式2. R进制计数制
从十进制计数制的分析得出，任意R进制计数制同样有基数N、和Ri按权展开的表示式。

R可以是任意正整数如二进制R为2。

（1）基数（Radix）
一个计数所包含的数字符号的个数称为该数的基，．用R表示。

例如，对二进制来说，任意一个二进制数可以用0，1两个数字符表示，其基数R等于2。

（2）位值（权）
任何一个R进制数都是由一串数码表示的，其中每一位数码所表示的实际值都大小，除数码本身的数值外，还与它所处的位臵有关，由位臵决定的值就称为位臵（或位权）。

位臵用基数R的I次幂Ri表示。

假设一个R进制数具有n为整数，m位小数，那么其位权为Ri，其中i=-m~n-1。

（3）数值的按权展开
任一R进制数的数值都可以表示为：各个数码本身的值与其权的乘积之和。

例如，二进制数101.01的按权展开为：
101.01B=1×22+0×21+1×20+0×2－1+1×2－2=5.25D
任意一个具有n位整数和m位小数的R进制数的按权展开为：
（N）R=dn-1×RN-1+dn-2×RN-2+…+d2×R2+d1×R1+d0×R0+d-1×R-1+…+d-M×R-M其中di为R进制的数码
考点6二、十、十六进制数的数码
（1）十进制和二进制的基数分别为10和2，即“逢十进一”和“逢二进一”。

它们分别含有10个数
码（0，1,2，3,4,5,6,7,8,9）和两个数码（0,1）。

位权分别为10i和2i（i＝-m-n-1，m,n为自然数）。

二进制是计算机中采用的数制，它具有简单可行、运算规则简单、适合逻辑运算的特点。

（2）十六进制基数为16，即含有16个数字符号：0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，A，B，C，D，E，F。

其中A，B，C，D，E，F分别表示数码10,11，12,13,14,15，权为16i（i＝－m～n一1，其中m、n为自然数）。

加法运算规则为“逢十六进一”。

如表1-3所示列出了0~15这16个十进制数与其他3种数制的对应表示。

（3）非十进制数转换成十进制数。

利用按权展开的方法，可以把任一数制转换成十进制数。

例如：
1010. 101 B＝1 ×23＋0 ×22＋1 ×21＋0 ×2 01×2－1＋0 ×2－2＋1×2－3
只要掌握了数制的概念，那么将任一R进制数转换成十进制数的方法都是一样的。

（4）十进制整数转换成二进制整数。

把十进制整数转换成二进制整数，其方法是采用“除二取余”法。

具体步骤是：把十进制整数除以2得一商数和一余数；再将所得的商除以2，又得到一个新的商数和余数；这样不断地用2去除所得的商数，直到商等于0为止。

每次相真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
除所得的余数便是对应的二进制整数的各位数码。

第一次得到的余数为最低有效位，最后一次得到的余数为最高有效位。

把十进制小数转换成二进制小数，方法是“乘2取整”，其结果通常是近似表示。

转换成二进制小数，方法是“乘2取整”，其结果通常是近似表示。

上述的方法同样适用于十进制数对十六进制数的转换，只是使用的基数不同。

（5）二进制数与十六进制数间的转换。

二进制数转换成十六进制数的方法是从个位数开始向左按每4位的组划分，不足4位的组以0补足，然后将每组4位二进制数代之以一位十六进制数字即可。

十六进制数字即可
1.3 计算机中字符的编码
考点7 西文字符的编码
计算机中常用的字符编码有EBCDIC码和ASCII码。

IBM系列大型机采用EBCDIC码，微型机采用ASCII码是美国标准信息交换码，被国际化组织指定为国际标准。

它有7位码和8位码两种版.
国际的7位ASCII码是用7位二进制数表示一个字符的编码，其编码范围从0000000B一1111111B，共有7＝128个不同的编码值，相应可以表示128个不同的编码。

7位ASCII码表如表14所示。

表1-4 7位ASCII码表
考点8汉字的编码
1.汉字信息的交换码
汉字信息交换码简称交换码，也叫国标码。

规定了7 445个字符编码，其中有682个非汉字图形符和6763个汉字的代码。

有一级常用字3755个，二级常用字3 008个。

两个字节存储一个国标码。

国标码的编码范围是2121H一7E7EH。

区位码和国标码之间的转换方法是将一个汉字的十进
制区号和十进制位号分别转换成十六进制数，然后再分别加上20H，就成为此汉字的国标码：
汉字国标码=区号（十六进制数）+20H位号（十六进制数）+ 20H
而得到汉字的国标码之后，我们就可以使用以下公式计算汉字的机内码：
汉字机内码＝汉字国标码＋8080H
2.汉字偷入码
汉字输人码也叫外码，都是由键盘上的字符和数字组成的。

目前流行的编码方案有全拼输人法、双拼输入法、自然码输人法和五笔输人法等。

3.汉字内码
汉字内码是在计算机内部对汉字进行存储、处理的汉字代码，它应能满足存储、处理和传输的要求。

一个汉字输人计算机后就转换为内码。

内码需要两个字节存储，每个字节以最高位臵…1”作为内码的标识。

4.汉字字型码
汉字字型码也叫字模或汉字输出码。

在计算机中，8个二进制位组成一个字节，它是度量空间的基本单可见一个16 x 16点阵的字型码需要16 x 16/8=32字节存储空间。

汉字字型通常分为通用型和精密型两类。

5.汉字地址码
汉字地址码是指汉字库中存储汉字字型信息的逻辑地址码。

它与汉字内码有着简单的对应关真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？
系，以简化内码到地址码的转换。

6.各种汉字代码之间的关系
汉字的输人、处理和输出的过程，实际上是汉字的各种代码之间的转换过程。

如图1- 1表示了这些汉字代码在汉字信息处理系统中的位臵及它们之间的关系.
1. 4指令和程序设计语言
考点9计算机指令
一条指令必须包括操作码和地址码两部分。

一台计算机可能有多种多样的指令这些指令的集合称为该计算机的指令系统。

考点10程序设计语言
程序设计语言通常分为机器语言、汇编语言和高级语言3类
（1）机器语言。

机器语言是计算机唯一能够识别并直接执行的语言。

（2）汇编语言。

用汇编语言编写的程序称为汇编语言源程序．计算机不能直接识别它。

必须先把汇编语言程序翻译成机器语言程序（称目标程序），然后才能被执行。

（3）高级语言。

高级语言要用翻译的方法把它翻译成机器语言程序才能执行。

翻译的方法有“解释”和“编译”两种。

一个高级语言源程序必须经过“编译”和“连接装配”才能成为可执行的机器语言．
1.5计算机系统的组成。