剑3-8同义词替换大全
同义词替换(剑八)
同义词替换（剑八）TEST1:1.agree = concur = go along with = fall in with = go with v.同意2.sceptic and advocate = different attitude 不同的看法sceptic : n.怀疑者advocate = supporter : n.拥护者3.significance = impressive = meaning = sense n.重要性4.meditation : the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思5.parapsychology : the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学6. environment = condition = light, sound, warmth = situation = circumstance n.环境7. alter = change = revise = make changes v. 改变8. trial = experiment = test n.实验9. success rate = positive result = achievement = progress = breakthrough = accomplishment n.成就10. pick out = identify = recognize = know = tell v.认出，识别11. limit = minimize = maximum = the most = ceiling = cut-off pointv.限制12. different = individual = not like = vary = not the same = contrast with = diverse adj.独特的13. invention = device = creation = innovation n.发明，装置14. cold temperature = freezing weather = chilly = frosty = wintry = cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming = agriculture n.农业16. simultaneous = at the same time = together = at once = at one time adj.同时的17. uniform = equal = homogeneous adj.均衡的18. devise = formulate = invent = create = come up with = make up = conceive = coin = dream up v.创造19. civil = municipal = metropolitan adj.城市的20. divide = split = separate = break up = break down = take apart = take something to piece v. 分开21. new = revolutionary = original = innovation = fresh = novel = be in its infancyadj.新的，革命的22. create = introduce = invent = make sth. do sth. = be the cause = lead to sth. v..发明23. organize = co-ordinate = arrange = set out = put something in order = line up v.组织，使协调24. public event = communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster = sky accident = air crash 空难26. prompt = result in = lead to = make somebody do something = cause somebody to do something = lead somebody to do something = motivate = induce somebody to do something v. 导致27. resemble = like = similar = alike = much the same = comparable v.类似28. oversimplify = incomplete = simplistic = generalize = see things in black and white adj. 过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude = from…meters above th e ground = height = how high = level n.高度30. zone = airspace = region = area = district = quarter = block = suburb n.区域31. weather = meteorological = climate = condition n.气候32. categorize = class / type = sort = classify = be grouped = grade v.分类33. create = establish = invent = start up = open = set up = found = inception v.创建34. beacon and flashing = light = beam n.灯光beacon : a light that is put somewhere to warn or guide people, ships, vehicles, or aircraftflashing : a bright light that shines for a short time and then stops shining 35. improve = develop = evolve = get better = catch up = pick up = things are looking up v.发展，进化36. aircraft = plane = by air n.飞机37. average-sized = medium-sized adj. 中等的38. city = metropolitan = urban = town = village = civic = municipal = downtown n.城市39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从TEST 21. drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地2. carry out : 执行subject to : 使服从3. remain = stay = keep = continue to be = still v.保持4. detect = inspect = examine = notice = spot = become aware / conscious = note = conserve = perceive v.检查5. fault = flaw = defect = trouble = bug = virus = be something wrong with = be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点6. enough = sufficient = adequate = cover = meet somebody’s need adj.足够的7. main = largely = principal = chief = major = key = primary = prime = predominant = core adj.主要的:8. documentation = written account = evidence = proof n.证明9. shift = switch = transfer = move = jerk v.转换10. consistent = lasting = stay the same = constant = unchanging adj.持续的11. drought = no rain at all = dry = dusty adj.干旱的12. period = cycle = era = age n.年代13. random = arbitrary = at random adj.随机的14. molten = hot = heat = boiling / boiling hot = scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的15. intense = strong = passionate = powerful = deep adj.强烈的16. discover = explore = find / unearth = turn upv.开发，发现17. pattern = trade / commodity = business n.贸易18. relate to= associate with = link to / connect to = identify with 联系19. feeling = emotional response / sensory = a sense of = passion n. 感觉20. unappreciated = undervalued adj.低估的21. difficult = elusive = hard / tough = easier said than doneadj.困难的，难懂的22. study = research = analyse = do/conduct research v.研究23. smell = odour = scent n.气味24. interpretation = be considered to be = understanding = readingn.理解25. define = distinguish = tell the difference v.使明确26. damage = impair = break = do/cause damage = scratch v.损害27. realize = consciously consider = occur to = become aware = sink in = strike = hit = wake up to the fact that v.想到28. reveal = show = demonstrate = let somebody see = present = expose = let somebody take a look v.显示29. to be defined = unanswered 无答案的30. husbands and wives = marriage partner / spouse = couple = newlyweds夫妇31. linguistic = language n.语言32. describe = name = express = give a description of = talk about = write about = give an account of = tell of v.描述33. lack = do not exist = not enough = scarce = inadequate = insufficient = in short supply v.缺乏的34. do not smell = odorless 没有气味的35. regard as = consider to 把。
2019-2020-雅思阅读同义词替换(剑八TEST 3)-实用word文档 (2页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读同义词替换(剑八TEST 3)雅思阅读同义词替换Cambridge 8 TEST 31. building = property = construction n .建筑2. support = back = be behind = in support of = back somebody up v .支持3. financial support = fund = financial aid 资助4. stumbling block = difficulty = trouble n .麻烦5. create = generate = form = produce v .形成6. direct = guide = lead = instruct = give order / instruction v .指导7. beam = laser = ray = glow = glare n .光线，激光8. aim = direct at = purpose = point = idea = objective = goal = target n .目的9. test in real = field test 实地测试10. genius = giftedness / talent / intellectual = intelligence = brains = brilliant = wisdom n .天才11. inherit = run in family = receive = get = be given = be awarded v .继承12. talent = prodigy = skill = ability = craftsmanship = flair = have a knack = a natural ability to do something well n .才能，技能13. lessen = minimize = subside = lighten = relieve = ease =allay v .减少14. significance = supremacy = definition = meaning = sense = connotation n .重要性15. achieve = make = succeed = manage = make progress = accomplish = get results v .达成16. limitation = restricted = disadvantage = drawback = liability = the downside n .限制17. inexorable = inevitable = unstoppable = remorseless adj .无法改变的。
雅思真题同近义词替换
同义词替换（剑四）Test 11．encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.2．mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.3. easy to reach = accessible容易达到的adj.4. change =modify(modification) 改变v.5. important = vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.6. survive =continuing existence幸存，活下来v.7. curriculum= course课程8. link to = be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.9. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.10. mating=courtship交配v.&n.11. follow=track跟随，跟踪v.12. volunteer =subject实验研究对象n.13. similar =resemble=like=alike相似的adj.Test 2.1. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb =escalate=widen =intensify=expand上升，增加2. teach = educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.3. more than one language = bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n..4. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.5. differ from=unusual与…不同v.6. reluctant= unwilling=not willing=be loath to do something勉强的adj.7. retrain=taking courses再教育v.8. long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing= lasting=lifelong=prolonged长期的adj.9. connection= relationship=link=correlation联系n..10. reduction= decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.11. class= type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.12. strategy=way=method=approach=technique= system=tactics 方法，功略n..13. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.Test 31. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.2. poverty= being poor贫穷n.3. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.4. emit=emission n.散发5. generate = form=produce =create 产生v.6. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased客观的adj.7. observe=notice= =see=spot= detect=detection=note=perceive=find观察发现v.8. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.9. focus on=deals only with=concentrate on 专注于v.10. affect=have an effect= impact = make a differencet影响v.Test 41. official= formal=authorized官方的，正式的adj.2. recognize=know=identify =pick out = tell认出，承认v.3. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lackof something =be short 不足的adj.4. enable=make something possible=allow=permit使能够v.5. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=预测v.6. basic=fundamental=essential基本的adj.7. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target =end 目的n.8. translate=change languages=interpret翻译v.9. field= area =domain领域n.10. influence=effect=side effect=impact 影响n.11. realize=know=be/become aware =appreciate=be conscious意识到v.12. limit=restrict =keep within=confine =fix 限制v.&n.13. produce=form=create=generate生产v.14. guarantee=promise=assure =pledge保证v.15. independence =self-reliance 独立n.同义词替换（剑五）Test 11.. did not have=without没有v.2. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.3. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous= tremendous=largescale/large-scale巨大的adj.4. confer= award=present =grant=allocate 给予v.5. expect= think =anticipate预期，期待v.6. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.7. prior to=before=previous在…前面8. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.9. exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.10. attempt=purpose=order=effort =try尝试，努力n.&v.Test 21. derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.2. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.3. field=domain=territory= industry=sector领域n.4. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.5. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如6. current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.7. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.8. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.9. involve with=associate with=link to= relate to与…有关联v.10. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.11. instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.12. react=respond 反应v.13. subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions主观观点n.14. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate= judgment评估，估计v..Test 31. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.2. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.3. occur=happen=exist=come发生v.4. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.5. military=battlefield军事的adj.6. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.7. consciousness=awareness 意识n.8. widespread=universal=extensive=popular= general广泛的，普遍的adj.9. launch=coin=project =issue创新，开辟v.10. potential=possible=underlying=likely= expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj. Test 41. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.2. undermine= destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.3. revive=renaissance复兴v.4. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.5. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.6. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.7. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.8. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.同义词替换（剑六）Test 11.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.2.funded support=finance 资金n.3.calculate=measure 计算v.4.event=championship 赛事n.5.plan=prepare=design 计划v.6.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.7.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.8.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.9.supply=provision=support 供给n.10.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.11.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.12.give up=abandon 放弃13.mainly=heavily=most 主要地Test 2mute=travel 通勤v.2.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.3.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.4.refute=deny 反驳v..5.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的6.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明7.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.8.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.9.regular=daily 定期的adj.10.exercise=physical activity 运动n.11.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.12.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.13.restricted=limited 有限的adj.14.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.15.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Test 31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.3.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.4.target=goal=aim 目标n.5.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.6.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.7.remuneration=payment 酬金n.8.tend to=prone to 倾向于9.growing old=ageing 变老10.people=mortal=people=individual 人n..11.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于12.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Test 41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.moral=ethical 道德的adj.4.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.5.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.6.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.7.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.8.be halved=decline by 50% 减半9.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.10.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.11.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.distinguish=recognize the difference同义词替换（剑七）Test 11. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.2. limb=arm or leg 四肢n.3. perceive=sense =spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v.4. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.5. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.6. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.7. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前8. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.9.result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致10. imitate=copy =follow one’s example 模仿v.Test 21. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立v.2.official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员n.3.isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的adj.4.collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌v.5. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏v.n6.consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成7.observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔n.Test31. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因n.2.exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外v.3.renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的adj.4.exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在v..5.boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界n.6.odour=smell味道n.7.find one’s way=navigate 导航v.8.bearing=position=standing 方位n.9.exchange=share分享v.10.waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage废物n.11.dental=teeth 牙齿的adj.12.convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变v.13.monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.14.fragile =feeble 脆弱的adj.15.advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的adj.Test 41.more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过v2.decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降n.3.stop=halt=come to a halt 停止v.4.sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的adj.5.establish=found=build=set up 建立v.6.be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功.7.adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应v.8.mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误n.9.keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.10.unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的adj.v..11.produce=make=manufacture=create 生产v.12.carry out=implement =execute 实行v.同义词替换（剑八）TEST1:1.sceptic and advocate = different attitude 不同的看法sceptic : n.怀疑者advocate = supporter : n.拥护者2. trial = experiment = test n.实验3. cold temperature = freezing weather = chilly = wintry = cold adj.寒冷的4. farming = agriculture n.农业5. simultaneous = at the same time = together = at once = at one time adj.同时的6. public event = communal activity 公众、社交活动7. aviation disaster = sky accident = air crash 空难8. oversimplify = incomplete = simplistic过于简化的，不完整的9. altitude = from…meters above the ground = height = how high = level n.高度10. weather = meteorological = climate = condition n.气候11. categorize = class / type = sort = classify = be grouped = grade v.分类12. create = establish = invent = start up = open = set up = found = inception v.创建13. average-sized = medium-sized adj. 中等的TEST 21. shift = switch = transfer = move = jerk v.转换2. consistent = lasting = stay the same = constant = unchanging adj.持续的3. drought = no rain at all = dry adj.干旱的4. period = cycle = era = age n.年代5. feeling = emotional response / sensory = a sense of n. 感觉6. unappreciated = undervalued adj.低估的7. difficult = elusive = hard / tough adj.困难的，难懂的8. study = research = analyse = do/conduct research v.研究9. smell = odour = scent n.气味10. damage = impair = break = do/cause damage v.损害11. husbands and wives = marriage partner / spouse = couple夫妇12. lack = do not exist = not enough = scarce = inadequate = insufficient = in short supply v.缺乏的13. do not smell = odorless 没有气味的TEST 31. building = property n.建筑2. financial support = fund = financial aid 资助3. stumbling block = difficulty = trouble n.麻烦4. aim = direct at = purpose = point = idea =objective = goal = target n.目的5. test in real = field test 实地测试6. genius = giftedness / talent / intellectual = intelligence = wisdom n.天才7. inherit = run in family = v.继承8. stable = characteristic = constant = steady = fixed = unchanging adj.稳定的9. life span = duration of life 寿命10. biological clock = internal clock 生物钟11. prolong = extend = drag out = spin out v.延伸，延长TEST41.middle-year education = lower secondary school 中学2. format = pattern n.格式3. less successful student = struggler 差等生4. careful = elaborate adj.仔细的，精心的5. supplementary = assist = additional =extra n.补充，帮助6. effort = hard work n.努力7. correct answer = accuracy n.精确8. imbalance = disorder = disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱9. no longer respond = resistance 抵抗10. innate = built-in adj.先天的11. immunity = resistance n.免疫力12. wipe out = eradicate = get rid of = abolish = eliminate 根除13. criterion = standard n.标准，识别14. container = plastic or glass tube n.容器15. wet = marshy adj.湿的16. little time and effort is required = minimal maintenance and intervention最小程度的维修与介入17. pesticide := chemical n.杀虫剂。
剑桥雅思4—8同义词替换大全
剑桥雅思4—8同义词替换大全Cambridge同义词替换大全；同义词替换（剑四）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑五）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑六）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑七）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑八）TEST1TEST2TEST3；Cambridge4TEST1；1.ignore=paynoattentioCambridge同义词替换大全同义词替换（剑四） TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑五） TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑六） TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑七） TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑八） TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4Cambridge4 TEST11. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take nonotice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirabl e超常的，例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配.23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be takenaback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9. fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of beinghurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20. long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain 抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，看法 n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is achance/possibility可能的adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.。
【干货词汇】30个剑桥雅思同义词替换汇总
【干货词汇】30个剑桥雅思同义词替换汇总1.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加2.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.3.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what youare doing分心的事物n.4.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.5.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.6.identity=someone’s identity is their name or who they are 身份n.7.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.8.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.9.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.10.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.11.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other,work together etc. 互动v.12.construct=build=make=found 建造v.13.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.14.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.15.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.16.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.munity=organization=group=body团体n.18.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.19.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.20.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.21.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.22.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.23.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾24.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certainof保证，确保v.25.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.26.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.27.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.28.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.29.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.30.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.31.Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvinced, befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced 认为32.Protect,conserve,preserve 保护33.33确保：Assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge34.有害的：Bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental35.要求：Request,demand,needs,requisition36.消除：Eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway37.导致：Leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce, generate38.保持稳定：Levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，remainsteady，bestable，maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepatthesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout39.宣称：Allege,assert,declare,claim。
剑4到剑8同义词
Cambridge 4TEST 11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice 忽略，无视v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配.23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.TEST 21. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be afailure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of beinghurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to dosomething=conservative勉强的adj.15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=linge ring=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32. class="type"=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴n.35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go intomore=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.TEST 31. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=gothrough=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to dosomething=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的adj.22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike 发生v.24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=comeout=reappear 出现v.27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=lookinto=solve=be under investigation 调查35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation评论37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact.40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its originsin=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.TEST 41. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition 运动的adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst ofanger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in shortsupply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudim entary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something intoEnglish/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw ananalogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29. produce=form=create=generate生产v.30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=committo=pledge保证v.31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge 5TEST 11. produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2. central=middle中心的adj.3. did not have=without没有v.4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business,a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23. expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conformto=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31. prior to=before=previous在…前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not existanymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41. exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力TEST 21. similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2. derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3. impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7. unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12. resource=material=source资源，来源n.13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15. current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17. draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27. instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28. react=respond 反应v.29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30. subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34. emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35. remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38. overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39. initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.TEST 31. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17. process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19. valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20. construct=build=make=found 建造v.21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23. long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24. impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25. occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.27. military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28. separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30. consciousness=awareness 意识n.31. ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32. encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.35. launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.TEST 41. community=organization=group=body团体n.2. fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3. remote=distant 遥远的adj.4. require=desire=order=command要求v.5. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9. operate=act=run运转v.10. output=product输出，产品n.11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13. revive=renaissance复兴v.14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17. break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.。
雅思阅读同义词替换(剑 1-剑 9)
雅思阅读同义词替换（剑1-剑9）剑 9 第一篇：1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived2. enrol in a school/attend a school3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune4. Immediately understand/instant recognition5. refer to/ known as6. consult/ ask advice of7. now/ current/present/happening8. transmission/ sending information9. response/ reply10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as15. promptly/ immediately/instantly16. migrant/ migrate/ migration17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found21. determine/ decide22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/ pr esent/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy3. Global/international4. Team effort/ institutional working party5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential6. Suitable/appropriate7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable10. Auditory problems/hearing loss11. Study/carry out research12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do20. Calculate/determine the value21. Be worked out/be calculated22. Realise/recognise/show/see/understand23. Witness/view/see/observe24. Distorted/look smeared/not circular1. Competitive/competitors/competition2. Achievement/success3. Because/thus/It is… that 强调句型/so4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience5. A result of/ a product of6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares7. Exposure to …/bombard…with8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree9. Novelty/new experience10. Fear/phobia11. Embarrassment/ridicule12. Psychological illness/mental disorder13. Decide/decision14. Scientific/science/technology/technological15. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable16. Understandable/understand/reasonable17. Be affected by/influence18. Stil exist/be still with us19. Stop/halt/prevent/end20. Pointless/not/no point of21. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures22. The custom of speaking/ popular speech23. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar24. Alternative/choice/way/replacement剑 9 第四篇1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain2. Reliable/predictable3. Cut down/reduce4. Increase income/export earner5. Power station/power plant6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed8. Result from/cause9. In danger/at risk10. Comparatively/relatively11. Explanation/explain/reason12. Transmission of information/information pass on/information send back/transmit 13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous14. Incident/event15. Initial y/original y16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing17. Be used to/by means of18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal20. From her childhood/when she was a child21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship 23. Have the same property/…is true for …24. Receive recognition/be awarded剑 9 其他：1. Col ect/accumulate2. Both…and/not only…but also3. Stock sth./ a stock of sth.4. Be exposed to/ by exposure to5. Imitation/imitate/mimic6. Be contingent on/ depend on7. Mastery/power8. The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empiricalinvestigation of the se lf-as-subject are rather scarce9. …is link to …/the link between…and…10. Primarily intend for the public/for the ordinary visitor11. Personal involvement/themselves can act as if part of the historical environment 112. …and …are less easy to distinguish than before/ the sharp distinction is g radual y evapor ating13. Balance the conflicting priorities/ steer a narrow course between the demand of …14. Reveal/present/presentation15. Durable objects/ transitory nature of the materials(反义词)16. Consumer/market force17. Give false impression/ bias in the representation18. Current trend/majority of the public剑8：Cambridge 8 TEST 11. agree=concur=go along with=fal in with=go with v.同意2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what wil happen in the future n.通灵学6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变8. trial=experiment=test n.实验9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tel v.认出，识别11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chil y=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming=agriculture n.农业16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream upv.创造19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v.分开21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to dosomething=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v.导致27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=vil age=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tel s you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从Cambridge 8 TEST 2drastical y : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地carry out : subject to : 使服从remain=stay=keep=continue to be=stil v.保持detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的drought=no rain at al =dry=dusty adj.干旱的period=cycle=era=age n.年代random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究smell=odour=scent n.气味interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解define=distinguish=tel the difference v.使明确damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take alook v.显示to be defined=unanswered 无答案的husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇linguistic=language n.语言describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an accountof=tell of v.描述lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的do not smel =odorless 没有气味的regard as=consider to 把…认作unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌的certain=some=a measure of adj.一些correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致relevance n.关联float=afloat v.浮动1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life 寿命20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=tol n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统19. feed on=prey on 以…为食20. blight=plague v.破坏21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfectmatch /pair/couple=be right for=be ideal y suited adj.兼容的26. specimen=individual n.标本27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地30. pitfal =trap n.陷阱31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kil insects and smal animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂剑7Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.12. downward=fal =drop=downhil 下降的 adj.13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principal y 主要地 adv.15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16. decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19. demanding=difficult=hard=chal enging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.20. wel known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tel the truth 承认 v.22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.26. imitate=copy=impersonate=fol ow one's example 模仿 v.27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.28. feed=eat=have=chew=swal ow=consume 喂食 v.29. il ustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 21. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.10. purify=refine=distil 净化 v.11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.12. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.18. refer to=mention=al ude to=touch on 提到 v.19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.Cambridge 7 TEST 31. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可再生的 adj.6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.9. al ow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.12. odour=smel =stench=stink 味道 n.13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.27. al ocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.28. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高 v.31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可持续的 adj.33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 41. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.6. decrease=crash=reduction=fal =drop 下降 n.7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.12. label=display=cal =brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.17. general y=in general=in the whole=al in al =al things considered 大体上的 adv.18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.22. in addition=besides=additional y=too=also=as well 除此之外23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.29. permit=al ow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.38. require=demand=need=cal for 要求 v.39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.剑6：Cambridge 6 TEST 1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流 v. expertise=skil 专门技术 n.employ=analyze=study 使用 v.investigation=analysis 调查 n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围 v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制 v.funded support=finance 资金 n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员 n.calculate=measure 计算 v.event=championship 赛事 n.plan=prepare=design 计划 v.improve=grow=get better 进步 v.trade=economy 贸易 n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的 adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的 adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值 n.delivery=export or import 运输 n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.shipping=freight 船运 n.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费 n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景 n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=chal enging 困难的 adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.supply=provision=support 供给 n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重 n. understanding=knowledge 了解 n.well-being=health 健康 n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge 6 TEST 21. successfully=spectacularly wel =wonderfully 成功地 adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量 n.3. commute=travel 通勤 v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入 n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳 v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿 n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处 n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的 adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究 n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响 v.19. disease=medical complain=il ness 病痛 n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升 v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系 n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的 adj.23. reduction=drop=concession=fal =decrease 下降 n.24. elderly people=old people 老人 n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.26. regular=daily 定期的 adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动 n.28. chal enging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的 adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降 v.30. lonely=emotional y isolated 孤独的 adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势 n.32. restricted=limited 有限的 adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义 n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的 adj.35. early=older 早期的 adj.36. fulfil =qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成 v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的 adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量 n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解 n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止 v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷 adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的 adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先 n.雅思阅读同义词替换(剑六 TEST 3)Cambridge 6 TEST 31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育 v.2. actor=star 演员 n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.5. globe=world 世界 n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 描述 v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标 n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈 n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励 n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就 n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金 n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉 v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加 v.20. staff=employee=worker 员工 n.21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判 v.24. job=work=assignment 工作 n.25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后 v.26. growing old=ageing 变老27. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.28. life=lifespan 生命29. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会 n.30. production=generation=output 产量 n.31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想 n.32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的 adj.。
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词最全
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。
以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destiny/chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploitplex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金12.solely/merely/only13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right （权利）17.purchase/buy18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境（社会）/surroundings/environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网（聊天）chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray36.therapist/expert/specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary (易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety78.broad/great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房85.virtual (love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美，澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greater likelihood101.agree on/define102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in) disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的110.unsatisfactory/hardly belooked upon111.identify/define恒星英语论坛112.turn… into/become113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move 迁移/移动116.pay/charge sb for向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128. inadequate (diet)/deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal 致命的132.success on/running on 成功133.costly/be related by有关系的134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/be similar to 相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率142.economy/financial 经济143.administration/management144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在148.almost/approximately149.be out of date/bedeveloped150.solve/reduce 减少151.famous/eminent152.barrier/hurdle153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。
雅思阅读同义词替换总结
名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
雅思同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全同义词替换（剑四）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑五）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑六）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑七）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑八）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.7.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=ine=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21.plaint=plain=make a plaint=protest=object=plain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=prehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.acpany=with=together=along with=e wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.42.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or pany that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=petitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=e about=e up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=bee visible=e into view/e into sight=e out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note bee aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.36.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=prise=be posed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=e from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/bederived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=e from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a puter文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.23.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from eachother=liken=make a parison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/bee aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=mit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you pete with in sport, business, a fight etc=petitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=e out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=promise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=ply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=e from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=acpany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=ponent=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=prise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.acpany=when=keep pany=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not pletely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=e forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.oute=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overe=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=e发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.enpass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST41.munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=mand要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=unmon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=mon=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.3.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.ine=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.acmodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical plain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=ment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug pany=pharmaceutical pany 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=ine=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.18.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.。
剑桥雅思4—8同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全；同义词替换（剑四）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑五）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑六）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑七）TEST1TEST2TEST3；同义词替换（剑八）TEST1TEST2TEST3；Cambridge4TEST1；1.ignore=paynoattentioCambridge同义词替换大全同义词替换（剑四）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑五）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑六）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑七）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑八）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4Cambridge4 TEST11. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take nonotice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admira ble超常的，例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配.23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be takenaback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pickup=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor 年轻人n.7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable 传统的adj.9. fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=pro longed=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21. complaint=complain=make acomplaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility 可能的adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlargeon=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=takeon=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end 目的n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16. effort=to try very hard to do something=attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling=form=produce=create 产生v.31. various=there are several different types of thatthing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment ofsomething=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not takesides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=gointo=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of 包含，包括v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go backto=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primi tive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目的n.15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seemreal=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else 平等的adj.21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something doesto=the implications 影响n.22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keepwithin=confine=fix 限制29. produce=form=create=generate生产v.30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody yourword=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11. produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2. central=middle中心的adj.3. did not have=without没有v.4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendo us=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23. expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/dosomethingbytheboo；26.identity=someone'side；27.severity=usedofthedeg；28.unfold=open=happen=de；29.deliberately=intentio；30.moral=relatingtothepr；andevil道德上的，与道德有关的adj.；31.priobook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31. prior to=before=previous在…前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41. exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21. similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2. derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7. unique=have thedistinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12. resource=material=source资源，来源n.13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15. current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17. draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27. instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28. react=respond 反应v.29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30. subject views=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true orcorrect=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34. emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35. remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38. overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39. initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17. process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19. valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20. construct=build=make=found 建造v.21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23. long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24. impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25. occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.27. military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28. separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30. consciousness=awareness 意识n.31. ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32. encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.35. launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST41. community=organization=group=body团体n.2. fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3. remote=distant 遥远的adj.4. require=desire=order=command要求v.5. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9. operate=act=run运转v.10. output=product输出，产品n.11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13. revive=renaissance复兴v.14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17. break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11. exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2. expertise=skill 专门技术n.3. employ=analyze=study 使用v.4. investigation=analysis 调查n.5. narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6. reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7. funded support=finance 资金n.8. athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9. calculate=measure 计算v.10. event=championship 赛事n.11. plan=prepare=design 计划v.12. improve=grow=get better 进步v.13. trade=economy 贸易n.14. transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15. local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16. weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17. value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18. delivery=export or import 运输n.19. nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20. international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21. shipping=freight 船运n.22. cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23. tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.24.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26. essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27. supply=provision=support 供给n.28. grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30. understanding=knowledge 了解n.31. well-being=health 健康n.32. impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33. catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34. surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35. push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36. not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37. present inhabitant=descendant 居民38. give up=abandon 放弃39. mainly=heavily=most 主要地40. visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.3. commute=travel 通勤v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=conces；24.elderlypeople=oldpeop；25.independent=self-reli；26.regular=daily定期的adj.；27.exercise=physicalacti；28.challenging=difficult；29.decline=deteriorate=r；30.lon23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24. elderly people=old people 老人n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26. regular=daily 定期的adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动n.28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32. restricted=limited 有限的adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35. early=older 早期的adj.36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n. Cambridge6 TEST31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2. actor=star 演员n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5. globe=world 世界n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 描述v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.。
雅思剑1到9同义词替换
雅思阅读同义词替换（剑1-剑9）文波雅思李星苑剑9第一篇：1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived2. enrol in a school/attend a school3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune4. Immediately understand/instant recognition5. refer to/ known as6. consult/ ask advice of7. now/ current/present/happening8. transmission/ sending information9. response/ reply10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as15. promptly/ immediately/instantly16. migrant/ migrate/ migration17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found21. determine/ decide22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/ pr esent/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest剑9第二篇：1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy3. Global/international4. Team effort/ institutional working party5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential6. Suitable/appropriate7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable10. Auditory problems/hearing loss11. Study/carry out research12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do20. Calculate/determine the value21. Be worked out/be calculated22. Realise/recognise/show/see/understand23. Witness/view/see/observe24. Distorted/look smeared/not circular剑9第三篇：1. Competitive/competitors/competition2. Achievement/success3. Because/thus/It is… that强调句型/so4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience5. A result of/ a product of6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares7. Exposure to …/bombard…with8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree9. Novelty/new experience10. Fear/phobia11. Embarrassment/ridicule12. Psychological illness/mental disorder13. Decide/decision14. Scientific/science/technology/technological15. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable16. Understandable/understand/reasonable17. Be affected by/influence18. Still exist/be still with us19. Stop/halt/prevent/end20. Pointless/not/no point of21. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures22. The custom of speaking/ popular speech23. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar24. Alternative/choice/way/replacement剑9第四篇1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain2. Reliable/predictable3. Cut down/reduce4. Increase income/export earner5. Power station/power plant6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed8. Result from/cause9. In danger/at risk10. Comparatively/relatively11. Explanation/explain/reason12. Transmission of information/information pass on/information send back/transmit13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous14. Incident/event15. Initially/originally16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing17. Be used to/by means of18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal20. From her childhood/when she was a child21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship23. Have the same property/…is true for …24. Receive recognition/be awarded剑9其他：1. Collect/accumulate2. Both…and/not only…but also3. Stock sth./ a stock of sth.4. Be exposed to/ by exposure to5. Imitation/imitate/mimic6. Be contingent on/ depend on7. Mastery/power8.The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empirical investigation of the se lf-as-subject are rather scarce9. …is link to …/the link between…and…10. Primarily intend for the public/for the ordinary visitor11. Personal involvement/themselves can act as if part of the historical environment12. …and …are less easy to distinguish than before/ the sharp distinction is gradually evapor ating13. Balance the conflicting priorities/ steer a narrow course between the demand of …14. Reveal/present/presentation15. Durable objects/ transitory nature of the materials(反义词)16. Consumer/market force17. Give false impression/ bias in the representation18. Current trend/majority of the public剑8：Cambridge 8 TEST 11. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变8. trial=experiment=test n.实验9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出，识别11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming=agriculture n.农业16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream up v.创造19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v. 分开21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to do something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v. 导致27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularlyfrom side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从Cambridge 8 TEST 2drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地carry out : subject to : 使服从remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的period=cycle=era=age n.年代random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究smell=odour=scent n.气味interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take a look v.显示to be defined=unanswered 无答案的husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds夫妇linguistic=language n.语言describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an account of=tell of v. 述lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的do not smell=odorless 没有气味的regard as=consider to 把…认作unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌的certain=some=a measure of adj.一些correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致relevance n.关联float=afloat v.浮动Cambridge 8 TEST 31. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something well n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing n.有机的Cambridge 8 TEST 31. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something well n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life 寿命20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing n.有机的Cambridge 8 TEST 41. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统19. feed on=prey on 以…为食20. blight=plague v.破坏21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfect match /pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容的26. specimen=individual n.标本27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地30. pitfall=trap n.陷阱31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂剑7Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠v.2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v.7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v.8. detection=finding=observation 探测n.9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.12. downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16. decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj.20. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v.23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.26. imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v.27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.28. feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.29. illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v.31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v.32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信v.35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的adj. Cambridge 7 TEST 21. interior=inner=inside 内部的adj.2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变v.3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立v.4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员n.5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的adj.6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌v.7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭v.8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收v.9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的adj.10. purify=refine=distill 净化v.11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的adj.12. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏v.14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出v.15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论v.16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应v.17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起v.18. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 到v.19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同v.20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求n.21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开v.22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍v.24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标n.25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行v.26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进v.27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告v.28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔n.29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入n.Cambridge 7 TEST 31. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因n.2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量v.3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道n.4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外v.5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的adj.6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在v.7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制v.8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界n.9. allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 议n.11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的adj.12. odour=smell=stench=stink 味道n.13. find one's way=navigate 导航v.14. bearing=position=standing 方位n.15. exchange=share=distribute 分享v.16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物n.17. dental=teeth 牙齿的adj.18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先n.19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励v.20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索v.21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素n.22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养v.23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变v.24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化v.25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护v.26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.27. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配v.28. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的adj.30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进， 高v.31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的adj.32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的adj.33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据n.34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 41. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的adj.3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像v.4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人n.5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过v.6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降n.7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止v.8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的adj.9. establish=found=build=set up 建立v.10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge承认v.12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名v.13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应v.14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误n.15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的adj.17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的adv.18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前adv.19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用v.20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升v.22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民n.24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败n.25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证v.27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助v.28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认v.29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可v.30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰v.31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复v.32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止v.33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰v.34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的adj.35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发v.36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的adj.37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的adj.38. require=demand=need=call for 要求v.39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳n.40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示v.41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注v.42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产v.43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行v.剑6：Cambridge 6 TEST 1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.expertise=skill 专门技术n.employ=analyze=study 使用v.investigation=analysis 调查n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.funded support=finance 资金n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.calculate=measure 计算v.event=championship 赛事n.plan=prepare=design 计划v.improve=grow=get better 进步v.trade=economy 贸易n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.delivery=export or import 运输n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.shipping=freight 船运n.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.supply=provision=support 供给n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n. understanding=knowledge 了解n.well-being=health 健康n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge 6 TEST 21. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.3. commute=travel 通勤v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24. elderly people=old people 老人n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26. regular=daily 定期的adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动n.28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32. restricted=limited 有限的adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35. early=older 早期的adj.36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n. 雅思阅读同义词替换(剑六TEST 3)Cambridge 6 TEST 31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2. actor=star 演员n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5. globe=world 世界n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 述v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20. staff=employee=worker 员工n.21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24. job=work=assignment 工作n.25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26. growing old=ageing 变老27. people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28. life=lifespan 生命29. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30. production=generation=output 产量n.31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.剑5Cambridge 5 TEST 11. produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2. central=middle中心的adj.3. did not have=without没有v.4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.。
【VIP专享】剑八同义词替换
【VIP专享】剑八同义词替换TEST 11. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变8. trial=experiment=test n.实验9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出，识别11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming=agriculture n.农业16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream up v.创造19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v. 分开21.new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to do something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v. 导致27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj. 过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度30.zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=begrouped=grade v.分类33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的38.city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=down town n.城市39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working ofa clock n.钟摆40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从TEST 21.drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地2.carry out : subject to : 使服从3.remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持4.detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware / conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查5.fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点6.enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的7.main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:8.documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明9.shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换10.consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的11.drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的12.period=cycle=era=age n.年代13.random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的14.molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的15.intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的16.discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现17.pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易18.relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系19.feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉20.unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的21.difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的22.study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究23.smell=odour=scent n.气味24.interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解25.define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确26.damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害27.realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到28.reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take a look v.显示29.to be defined=unanswered 无答案的30.husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds夫妇31.linguistic=language n.语言32.describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an account of=tell of v.描述/doc/a816348475.html,ck=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的34.do not smell=odorless 没有气味的35.regard as=consider to 把…认作36.unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌的37.certain=some=a measure of adj.一些38.correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致39.relevance n.关联40.float=afloat v.浮动TEST 31. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=directat=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=havea knack=a natural ability to do something well n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少14.significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotati on n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16.limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18.stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life 寿命20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or beingremembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing n.有机的TEST 41. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5.achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplish ment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8.careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=meth odical adj.仔细的，精心的9.supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare =more=another n.补充，帮助10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统19. feed on=prey on 以…为食20. blight=plague v.破坏21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfect match/pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容的26. specimen=individual n.标本27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地30. pitfall=trap n.陷阱31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂。
剑桥雅思4—8_同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全（可能有部分遗漏的同义替换，大家可以把自己做剑桥真题时所发现的新的同义替换词添加在上面，这样就比较完整了。
）同义词替换（剑四）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑五）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑六）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑七）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑八）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.。
剑8阅读中的同义转换之1五大类解析
剑8阅读中的同义转换之1五大类解析同义转换集结号-剑8阅读中同义转换的分类整理众所周知，“题文对应”是雅思阅读中一条很重要的出题原则，这也决定了雅思解题时的一条原则——循章蹈句，具体说就是在解答雅思阅读题时，每一个题目都要尽量在原文中找到出处才能确定答案，做题很忌讳凭感觉想当然。
而怎么出题才能在“题文对应”的前提下，将众多烤鸭的阅读水平区分出来呢？答案就是：同义转换，多种多样难易夹杂的同义转换。
通过不同形式的改写和转换，题目和原文的对应就变成了各种各样的“重现”。
熟悉同义转换的规律，有利于我们解题时精准定位，精确解题。
这里，我们就以剑8的阅读部分为主，来归纳一下常见的同义转换，详情如下：第一类：词性转换；A ——A’E.g.:1）developed = development; (C8-T1-Q7，Cambridge 8，test 1，question 7,下同) 题目：They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper.原文：the development of a new floor-standing case design, which became known as the grandfather clock.2）improvements = improved；（C8-T1-Q23）题目：Some improvements are made in radio communication during World War 2.原文：〃〃improved radio brought by the Second World War.3）gifted = gifts；（C8-T3-Q14-18）题目：Gifted people should use their gifts.原文：People with gifts have a responsibility to use them.4）Adapt = adaptation; （C8-T3-Q35）题目：Through mutations, organisms can adapt better to theenvironment.原文：Because of 〃〃mutations〃〃they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.这类转换属于同一个词语在不同词性之间的转换，最常见的是名词、动词、形容词，以及副词之间的转换，如develop V.与development N.，improve V.与improvement N., gifted adj.与gift N.。
剑8阅读和听力题中的同义替换
剑8阅读词汇教材—编写人:田康田老师写在前面的话: 考雅思想拿高分,你必须有专注力! 2个半小时内专注的做完听力阅读和写作.专注力需要平时培养,否则,你不要羡慕别人的高分. 希望你们在课堂上,就刻意培养你的专注力!上课动不动玩手机,动不动讲话,这些习惯的养成,对你专注力的培养绝对是致命的! 又想不专注又想取得好成绩只有一种情况:在你的梦中!综上所述,学习养成专注,从课堂开始!刻不容缓!剑８第一套雅思阅读题中的同义替换关注微信公众号: 田康的个人成长第一篇文章:cold temperature寒冷的温度 =freezing weather 寒冷的天气geography 地理=lower latitudes低纬度...northern climes 北部地区different societies不同的国家 = Italian (hours)...Babylonian (hours)...Germany...French 意大利小时…巴比伦小时…德国…法国的months were equal in length 月份在长度上是相等的 =having 12 months of 30 days 有12个月，每个月30天divide区分 =split 分开two equal halves 两个相等的一半 =two 12-hour periods两个12小时区间organise协条 =co-ordinate协条 =regulate 规定organise public events组织公共事件 =co-ordinate communal activities协条公共事物organise work s che du le s规定工作时间表=regulate planting and harvestingresembling 相似 =shape like 形状像…beats each敲打每一=beats every 敲打每一第二篇文章:prompts导致 = result infirst-rate consequence second-rate consequence KFC’s ice-cream is delicious. Unhealthy and becomeweight-challenged Painful and time-sink scholarship $ 10, 000 peryeartwo coincidental developments两个巧合的发展 =full-scale regulation of America’s air space+ a large number of very fast planes 全美国上空领域的监管＋许多非常快速的飞机oversimplified view过于简单的观点 = incomplete part of the picture 不完整的图画categories种类 =types 种类weather conditions 天气情况 = meteorological condition 气候情况A was as a result ofB A是B的结果 = B resulted in A B导致A A result from B A是由B导致的started开始=existed存在average-sized city中等大小的城市 =medium-sized metropolitan 中等大小的城市第三篇文章:researchers with differing attitudes 不同态度的研究者= sceptics and advocate 怀疑者与支持者agree on 赞同 =concur on 一致同意improve 提升=do much better 做得更好suitable environment 合适的环境 =tranquil ity宁静 n tranquil summer 宁静的夏天significance关键，重要n.=most impressive evidence 最引人注目的证剧such as…or 比如…或 = range from … to从…到…The age of students ranges from 15 to 18 in Aibo School. Limit限制 =minimize 最小化were subjected to受制于 =were studied by 被…研究different test results不同的测试结果 =individual ganzfeld studies个体的ganzfeld研究剑8第二套雅思阅读题中的同义替换第一篇文章:Remained 保持 v.＝stayed 保持v.Slow 缓慢adj. =took a long time 花很长的时间varying 不同的＝any任何一个specific properties特别的属性＝melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass, but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass.在一个温度比玻璃的熔点低的温度熔化，但是不能在比已经熔化了的玻璃低的温度下面被煮化Plant 工厂＝company公司Plants 蔬菜= vegetables 蔬菜detecting faults发现错误＝locating flaws 定位缺陷flaw lesshome lessarm lesshand less第二篇文章:Relevance 相关的＝did more than help 不仅仅是帮助climate change气候变化 =global warming全球变暖human impact人类影响 =un precedented land clearance 史无前例的清除土地a thousand years一千年 =ten centuries 十个世纪decade 十年score 二十年enough food 足够的食物 = self-sufficient in grain and livestock 谷物和牲口的自给自足documentation 纪录＝record 纪录‘record n. 纪录re’cord v.记录‘desert n.沙漠de’sert n.抛弃consistent freezing 持续的冰冷＝deep freeze 极寒no rain at all没有一点雨 =droughts干旱abroad在国外 adj. =migration 移民 n.immigrate 移入 v. im=in 进入 im port 进口 v. emigrate 移出v. e=ex 出去 ex port 出口 v.cutting down of trees 砍树 = land clearance 清理土地affect the climate影响气候 =trigger global warming引起全球变暖changes in fishing patterns 捕鱼模式改变＝fishing fleets work further offshore 捕鱼船工作更进一步远离海岸Teaching fishing is more important than giving you fish.第三篇文章中的同义替换：difficulties of talking about smells 谈论嗅觉很难=struggling to express our olfactory experience 挣扎的去表达我们的嗅觉体验SSSstruggle v. --- survive v.--- succeed v. coin = first used第一次使用personal relationships 个人的关系＝social bonding 社会绑定 bond绑 v.defining groups 定义群组＝distinguish us from other cultures 把我们与其它文化区别开来why 为什么 =the reason 理由not appreciated 不欣赏＝given for low regard 给予很低的评价feelings 感觉=emotion al response情感回应future studies 未来的多项研究＝whether smell is one sense or two…whether nose is the only part of the body affected by odours…how smell can be measured objectively (客观地)是否嗅觉是一种感觉还是二种…是否鼻子是身体唯一的被嗅觉所影响的器官…嗅觉如何才能被客观得测量subjectively主观地be subjected to 受制于importance 重要性n. = essential role…played重要的角色被扮演important=essential=vital=crucial= remarkableplay a role扮演一个角色damaged破坏了的 adj. =impaired 破坏了的 adj.realizing意识到realize v. = have given much thought 想了很多use of smell 使用嗅觉= odour as a cue for identifying 嗅觉做为一种方式来辨别common belief普通的信仰= smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures嗅觉很可能是在许多文化中最被低估的感觉smell is yet to be defined嗅觉依然要被去定义 =whether smell is one sense or two嗅觉是一种还是二种感觉recogonise 认为，辨别出=distinguish 区分husbands and wives = marriage partners 结婚对象difficulty describing smell 描述嗅觉有困难＝odours can not be named 嗅觉不能被名命response回应=registering表达register a feeling 表达一种情感do not smell 没有气味=olourless没有气味regard认为=consider 认为unpleasant不开心的＝offensive 冒犯的certain 一些 =some 一些stayed perfect ly unblemished = remained perfect ly 2. unblemished1.spinning, this methodslow = took a long timeandbor intensive劳动密集的intensive reading 精读could produce glass sheets ofvarying 4. thicknessallow glass of virtually any thickness advantages --- disadvantagebut, however,Glass was 5. markedbut the rollers would leave both side of the glass marked6. Pilkington’s float processPilkington. This processamelt- molt -molten熔化了的melting zoneUse a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass, but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass.Consequently, when pouring (pour倒入v. ) molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat.metal = tin 锡P built a pilot初期的 plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced(说服v.) his company to build a full-scale plant.instant commercial successInspection technology探测技术 allowsin + spect+ tionunaided eye1.找定位词，回原文定位．2.找出单词填入空中．3.注意字数原则，词性原则，缩小范围原则．2Glass remained slow剑８第三套雅思阅读题中的同义替换第一篇文章:building_________＝propertythunderstorms_________＝as the clouds roll inreceive funds_________=is funded by_________=is backed byfinancial support_________=is funded bymain difficulty_________=a big stumbling blockremoving_________=extract…out ofis directed at_________=pointed straight ataimed at_________=directed athave given_________=have come up with_________ have not yet come up with__________________depends on test in real storms__________________ =forthcoming fields tests will be the turning point第二篇文章：genius_________=prodigiesexhaust_________=burn too brightly too soon and burn outinherited_________=runs in familydifficulties_________=adversitynever appreciate_________=unrecognized and unrewardeduniqueness_________=how common or exceptionalsame_________=similarlessen_________=minimizesignificance_________=supremacyfail to_________=does nothigh price_________=price in terms of perseverance, single-mindedness, dedication, restrictions on their personal lives, the demands upon their energies and time, and how often they had to display great courage to preserve their integrity or to make their way to the top .第三篇文章：aging of objects________________= the basic material is worn down and becomes olderaging of organisms________________=the material changes continuously dying is beneficial__________________=immortality would disturb the system which needs for new and better life.stable life span__________________= upper limit for most remains 80 yearslife span improvement_________=attain an advanced ageprolong life_________=increase the life spanprinciples_________=lawsin accordance with_________ =according toadapt better_________=better adaptationpose a serious problem_________=disturbtheory of evolution____________=they(organisms) are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditionsenvironment_________=environmental conditionspossible to become older without ageing________________=not necessary to age and dieconserving energy______________=sparing use of energy reserves conserving energy______________=behave ”frugally” with energy剑8第四套雅思阅读题中的同义替换第一篇文章:influence of Monbusho _________= Besides approving textbooks, Monbusho also decides the highly centralized national curriculum and how it is to be deliveredhelping______________= would be assistedless successful students_______________=strugglers_________=slow learnersformat_________=patternmiddle-years education_________ = lower secondary schools cover three years, from the seventh grade to the ninth gradetypical format_________= same pattern_________=at the beginning…after the homework…and then…key_________=major contributing factorsmaths education_________= maths teachinga wider range of achievement_________= the variation in attainment scores was much greaterwell-organised_________=well set out and logically developedcarefully and patiently explained_______________= explains slowly and with a lot of repetition and elaborationsupplementary tuition____________=private evening tuitionmuch effort is made__________________= hard workand_________=coupled withcorrect answers_________ = accuracyemphasized _________ = a focus on第二篇文章:imbalance in many ecologies___________= ecological disordersaround the world_________ = widespreadno longer responding to most pesticides in use__________________ = have developed resistance to a wider range of potent chemicalsto ensure more cotton was harvested from each crop __________________ = as a sure measure to boost crop yieldpesticides were costing 50% of the total amount they spent on their crops____________________________________ = 50% of the financial outlay on cotton production was accounted for by pesticides (outlay: 花费n.)innate immunity ____________= built-in resistancepests are now born with an innate immunity to some pesticides____________________________________= pests are known to bear offspring with built-in resistance to pesticidesfree from danger _________ =safeunder certain circumstances____________= when handled by experts Disapene scale insects feed on fruit trees __________________= Disapene scale insects- defoliants of fruit treesate_________= controllingwiping out _________= eradicationSalvinia molesta plagues rice fields ___________________________= rice fields are infested by this (Salvinia molesta) weedleaf-mining hispides blighted coconut trees___________________________= coconut groves were plagued by leaf-mining hispides第三篇文章：comparing members of one group of ants__________________= determination of variation within species__________________can generally be used__________________= compatiblekey criterion __________________= the most important factorrange_________= samples of different species presentwet habitats_________= rain forests and marshy areashard to find _________= elusivetake specimens from groups of ants__________________= collection should be at least 20 to 25 individualsseparate containers____________= plastic or glass tubesindividual specimens_____________ = individual insectslittle time and effort________________ = with minimal maintenance and intervention关于个人成长关于个人学习成长,是面对未来的信仰!剑8听力词汇教材—编写人:田康田老师说在前面的话: 考雅思想拿高分,你必须有专注力! 2个半小时内专注的做完听力阅读和写作.专注力需要平时培养,否则,你不要羡慕别人的高分. 希望你们在课堂上,就刻意培养你的专注力!上课动不动玩手机,动不动讲话,这些习惯的养成,对你专注力的培养绝对是致命的! 又想不专注又想取得好成绩只有一种情况:在你的梦中!综上所述,学习养成专注,从课堂开始!刻不容缓!剑8第一套听力同义替换关注微信号: 田康的个人成长 (带你成长带你飞)第一部分￡10.5 price per ticekt =￡10.5 a ticket第二部分not open ____________ = closedare met by ____________ = will welcome youbehind ____________= at the backcan have = do provide ____________= need to bring = do allow worksheets ____________= handoutspens ____________ = something to write withwatch films ____________= continuous screenings of short documentaries about dinosaurscomputer games ____________= a range of dinosaur games第三部分re- ordered ____________= better sequencedshortened her sentences ____________= cut them (sentences) downproposal: separate points were not clearly identified ____________= listing ideas clearly is importantbecame interested in ____________=always wanted tomovies ____________= filmsgeographical features ____________=sandstone plateaux and cliff plant and animal life ____________=local wildlife and vegetation suggestions ____________=recommend ____________= think the best waywhat else is worth visiting? ____________=could also experience第四部分effects ____________=have affected and continue to affecthelps us to understand ____________=informs uspopulation ____________=people that live therehuman lifestyles ____________= ways in which we choose to live understand ____________=identifyassociated ____________=relate toin the form of ____________=by means ofidentify ____________= look fore.g. cause and effec ____________t=causes and consequences two-dimensional map ____________= paper has only two dimensionssome= a certain degree oftraffic density ____________=how much traffic on the roads at a given timeocean floor ____________=deep sea bedsmonitoring weather conditions ____________=information they give us about the weathervegetation problems ____________= diseased trees剑8第二套听力同义替换关注微信号: 田康的个人成长 (带你成长带你飞)第一部分needs to be replaced ____________ = don’t think it can be repaired, it will need a new onedamaged ____________= has a huge hole in itabout = around第二部分research and education ____________= educational opportunities and research sitesclosed = temporarily out of boundsrare breed animals kept in the park ____________= goats, sheep and henskeep = maintaina variety of breads ____________= the diversity of breedsat the present time ____________ = currently a demonstration of fishinga demonstration of fishing ____________ = expert fly fisherman is giving displayanimals ____________ = wildlifecontains books about ____________ = a wide selection of books on第三部分found ____________= discovereda problem = what wrong with…?carry parasites ____________= infested with mites ____________= microscopic creatures which live on themsold to customers abroad ____________= exports to a large number of countriesthe country’s economy would be affected = lose a lot of money locations ____________ = spotslike = favoriteanalysis ____________= examine the contentssoften ____________ = moistenlook for ____________= findbenefit ____________= goodsearching for ____________= find第四部分got help from students in other countries ____________ = approached postgraduates in my field in overseas department working ____________ = in employmenta wide range of data ____________ = as much variety as possible concerns ____________ = worried aboutthe press ____________ = newspapersfurther research ____________= more far-reaching research colleagues do not always agree ____________ = something didn’t necessarily seem that way to everyone in my own department stop participating ____________= pull out when it came to the second roundworried about ____________= wanted reassurance confidentiality ____________= no names would be traceable from the answersan undergraduate ____________= one of the first-year students a colleague ____________= one of the people I work withkept changing their mind ____________ = one minute he said he’d do it, then the next day he wouldn’t, and in the end he did doa tutor ____________= a teacherrefused to tell ____________= wouldn’t telljob = work剑8第三套听力同义替换词关注微信号: 田康的个人成长 (带你成长带你飞)第一部分no= doesn’t haveopen= the existing第二部分well known ____________= famousconsists of ____________= housesmanaged by ____________ = run by第三部分Learn about Latin American life ____________=find out more about the way people lived there(South America)well organized ____________= proper structuredevelop trust ____________ = less suspicioussupportive ____________= gave me lots of advice and guidance computer ____________ = laptopwill do ____________= I’ll put that down as a definitemight do ____________= talk about it again later第四部分more frequent ____________= more oftencopy existing processes ____________= utilize existing knowledge most research ____________= a host of studiesproduced consistent findings ____________=covering a wide range of business settingsuseful ____________= can be usedcertain circumstances ____________ = want to gain a rough understanding of a particular system, or understand smaller, isolated systemsexplain ____________= describeideal ____________= perfectseveral processes ____________ = various different systems changes ____________ = modificationseffect ____________= compromise safetychange ____________= adjustingrigorous ____________= strictphysical features ____________ = physical characteristics剑8第四套听力同义替换词关注微信号: 田康的个人成长 (带你成长带你飞)第一部分vacancies for ____________= looking forprovided ____________= can getsupplied ____________= the hotel lends you that第二部分community groups ____________ = local groupsconcerned about ____________ = worried aboutpedestrian ____________= walk to the schoolburied ____________=move … undergroundexpenses will be paid ____________= bear the cost第三部分financing ____________ = sponsor ____________ = make a contributionformer employer ____________= the bus of the company I used to workfamily = parentsnot sufficiently challenged ____________= don’t think the conductor stretches us enoughdo not have enough time ____________= something has to gofeel inferior to the other students ____________= wonder if I’m clever enoughdevelop her study skills ____________= help plan revision for the end-of-year examsrequirements ____________ =requiredfind ____________= to get holdwork out ____________= sort outmake a timetable ____________= need a timetabledivide ____________= break downfor each day ____________= allocate them to specific days第四部分figures revealing bones ____________= makes a feature of the internal skeletonrounded figures ____________ =curvier figuresfigures with parts missing ____________= painting Europeans without any handsfigures smaller than life size ____________= figures are painted in miniaturesea-creatures ____________= fish…shell and other marine images plants ____________= vegetablesidentify ____________ = locateas the basis ____________= based onenvironmental changes ____________ = tremendous change in the environmenthigher sea ____________= sea level risingtraditional activities ____________ = traditional patterns of life affected ____________ = disruptionespecially ____________= in particularunusual ____________= unfamiliar sightinland areas ____________= inland regionssymbolizes ____________= as a symbol of关于个人成长关于个人学习成长,是面对未来的信仰!田老师写在后面的话: 我的微信号,扫上面的二维码可关注.希望你们每天去看一下,多读田老师的文章.对你雅思学习和人生成长都是有意义的. 我希望你们能取得更好的成绩, 但是你们光靠嘴说想得高分却不去行动是没有意义的! 田老师微信号英文名叫RunRunForrest 就是希望做一个一直奔跑的Forrest. 你们能跟上,自然也可以比周围的同学跑得快一些.跟不上,那你就继续呆在你的comfort zone(舒适区)里面欢快的玩耍! 没有人强求你变成一个更好的自己!希望你们能明白,我已经很用心的在带你们跑了!最后送你们一个方法论: 你想写出更好的文章,就每天坚持写300字. 中文文章和英文文章都一样,想提高,坚持写. 我用行动在做这个事,每天都在微信上更新,希望你们能明白,坚持一事情,你也可以!2016.4.13 写于艾博剑桥田老师。
雅思阅读替换词
雅思阅读同义词替换并列列：and, or, as well as, not only, but also, in addition(to), besides, from…to…, also1.fame 名声 = acclaim 赞扬/ reputation 名声 /stature名望 = famous 出名= profile形象2.document = record 记录J121.experience 经历，体验= feel 感觉2.produce （production）生产 = generate （generation）产生 = release 发布，释放 J111.rotate = turn 旋转 = spin2.beneath = under 在下面3.successful 成功= work 能工作的，有效的4.undamaged 没有被损坏的 = intact 完好的5.data 数据 = statistics = mathematics 数学6.omit 省略 = leave out = strip out 削掉，脱掉7.eyesight = vision 视觉J10T11.alter/ change/ revise/transformation/ modify/ negotiate/ re-开头的单词 v. 改变2.supply=provide=furnish=give=offer提供3.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.4.now/ current/present/ nowadays/ modern/ so far 当今、目前5.resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ look like 像..6.objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标7.although=despite 尽管8.customer=consumer=buyer=public 顾客9.car=vehicle车辆，媒介=tractor拖拉机=truck，lorry卡车10.solely唯一的= alone 单独的11.control控制=restrict限制=repress=inhibit=ban=forbid=curb限制，压制、禁止12.be aware of 知道，意识到 = be conscious of 意识到13.engagement契约 = commitment 承诺14.boss老板=employer 雇主=manager 经理15.colleague 同事=peer 同辈的人= co-worker同事=employee 员工16.environment=condition=circumstance=surroundings n.环境 habitat 栖息地17.creative 有创造性的 = innovative 创新的J10T21.fear 害怕=afraid 担心2.domestic 国内的，家庭内的 = home 家 = local 当地的3.anxiety 忧虑 = emotion 情绪 = feeling 感觉4.exercise 运动，练习= practice 练习= work 工作，作品，作业5.make fewer errors 犯很少的错误= accurate 正确的 = correct 正确的6.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked= a great deal of大量的7. subject 科目，参加实验的人 = domain 领域 = realm =areasck=do not =never=scarce=insufficient=shortage= -less v.缺乏的，没有9.test 测试= examination= exam考试10.apprentice 学徒 = assistant 助手11.scale 比例，尺寸 = size 尺寸12. conflict 有冲突 = contradict 有矛盾 = paradoxical 矛盾的 反义词 harmony 和谐 J10T31.significance = importance 重要 （包括形容词）= essential = major = main2.effect=impact=affect=influence 影响3.overlook 俯瞰，忽视 = underestimate 低估 = undervalue 低估4.halt/prevent/end/ quit 停止，退出5.foreign exchange 外汇 = export earner 挣出口的钱= source of income 收入来源 J10T41.average 平均的 = normal 正常的2.extended= prolonged 延长的 = longer3.responsibility 责任 = obligation 义务 = duty4.inhabitant=resident居民=citizen市民=dweller 城市居住者local 当地人5.ignorance 无知= do not know不知道= neglect 忽视= overlook6.trait 特性，特征= characteristic = feature 特征= property 性质= quality7.not=never = -less构成的单词 = lack缺乏= shortage = insufficient= inadequate8.different/distinct/varied/不同的 = a range of 一系列的... = varying= small, big =any J9T11.recognise 识别/ perceive 感知 / sense 感觉2.promptly/ immediately/instantly/ rapidly 立刻，马上3.refer to/ known as/ name 被称作... coin as 创造...术语= call4.transmit / send/ deliver / transport 发送，运输5.response/ reply/ react 回复，反应6.life expectancy/ the lifetime of/ life span 寿命7.search for = look for = hunt 寻找8.before/ in advance/ prior to / previously/ former/ past 先前的9.ancestor 祖先=predecessor先驱= earlier incarnation 早期的化身10.fragment=debris=pieces=ruins/ incomplete 碎片、不完整的11.about= approximately 大约，差不多J9T21.policy政策/strategy 策略= regulation = rules 规定= standard 标准2.hypothesis假设/guess/ speculation猜测/ possibility可能性/theory理论/potential3.medical conditions/ illness/ disease 疾病4.at risk 处于危险/vulnerable 脆弱的 = fragile/ in danger 处于危险/ disadvantage5.current=modern=recent=present最近的，当前的6.Witness/view/see/observe 见证，看到J9T31.Pitfalls/ traps 陷阱2.Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree / willingness 愿意，接受3.Novelty/new experience/ fresh/ updated 新的4.Psychological illness/mental disorder 精神疾病5.image 图片= picture = photo6.scientist 科学家 = exerts 专家J9T41.Reliable/predictable / constant 稳定的，可预测的2.Power station/power plant / workshop/ factory 工厂3.the vicinity of/around/nearby / neighboring 在附近paratively/relatively 相对的5.Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous 多余的，不需要的6.Initially/originally 最初的7.Collect/accumulate / gather 收集，积累8.Imitation/imitate/mimic / copy 模仿/ duplicate 复制/ reproduce 繁殖J8 TEST 11. agree=concur共鸣=go along with=fall in with v.同意3. trial=experiment=test n.实验4. pick out=identify确定=recognize认出 = confirm 确认= determine 确定5. limit限制 =minimise 最小化6. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty adj.寒冷的7. simultaneous=at the same time adj.同时的8. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart v. 分开9. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped v.分类，类别11. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=municipal=downtown市中心12. disaster 灾难 = accident 事故 = incident 事件 = event = crash 撞击，事故 Cambridge 8 TEST 21.remain=stay=keep=continue=still v.保持2.drought=no rain at all=dry adj.干旱的3.intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的4.feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉5.smell=odour=scent n.气味6.damage=impair=break=do/cause damage/ wreck v.损害7.linguistic=language n.语言8.regard …as=consider to 把…认作9.certain=some adj.一些Cambridge 8 TEST 31.build= construct建造 = create 创造 = form形成 =generate产生2.support=back up=be behind=in support of v.支持3.genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brilliant=wisdom n.天才4.lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease v.减少anism=living thing=life form=wildlife n. 生物Cambridge 8 TEST 41. format=pattern=mode n.模式 形式2. key=important=major=significant=critical n.关键的，重要的3. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就4. spacious=large=massive=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的, 大量的5. adapt=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的6. effort=hard work n.努力8. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱9. innate=built-in adj.先天的10. immunity 免疫力 =resistance 抵抗11. feed on=prey on 以…为食12. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=eliminate 根除13. wet=marshy= rainforest adj.湿的Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.4. hunt=search for=look for=tin search of 打猎、寻找v.5. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的，错误的 adj.6. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为7. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.8. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.9. admit=acknowledge=confess 承认 v.10. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致11. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的、先进的12. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 overcome 克服v.13. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.14. conventional=traditional=conservative 传统的 v.15. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.16. retain=keep=stay=hold on to 保持 v.Cambridge 7 TEST 21. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.2. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.3. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.4. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.5. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.6. initiate=start=launch开始，发起 v.7. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.8. severe (extreme) weather condition 极端天气= nature force自然力量=climate disruption 气候扰乱Cambridge 7 TEST 31. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.2. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.3. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.4. exchanging = swapping 交换5. closeness 亲近度 = distance 距离6. method方法= techniques 技术= ways 方式= approach方法Cambridge 7 TEST 41.foe=enemy敌人=opposite对方=opponent 对手=rival=counterpart 对方2.more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.3.Success成功=prosper繁荣=thrive兴旺 = achievement 成就4.apply=use=make use of=utilize 应用 v.5.raise=lift=lift up 使…上升 v.6.expose=show=reveal 暴露，揭发 v.7.intense=strong=passionate=powerful强烈的adj.8.random随机的 =arbitrary任意的9.fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion疲劳 n.10.manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.11.carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.12.perform=conduct=carry out 执行，进行 v.Cambridge 6 TEST 11.expertise=skill 专门技术2.investigation调查=survey=poll调查=analysis分析3.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的，国内的adj.4.shipping=freight 船运 n.5.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.6.tariff=charge收费=fee=tax 税费n.7.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj..8.well-being=health 健康 n.9.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.10.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.11.give up=abandon /surrender 放弃Cambridge 6 TEST 21.independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.2.regular=daily 定期的adj.3.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.4.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.5.poor=impoverished= deprived = socially-disadvantaged 贫穷的，处于劣势的adj Cambridge 6 TEST 31.first=initial=early 最早的adj.2.early=earlier=first=ancient=historic 早期的adj.3.realistic=achievable=feasible 现实的，可行的adj.4.match =suit=fit 合适5.link to/ with=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来6.tend to=prone to 倾向于7.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.8.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.9.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=appraise 评判v.10.delay=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.11.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会，运气n.12.production=yield=output 产量n.13.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于Cambridge 5 TEST 11.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.2.rival=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.3.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus 错误，缺点4.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.5.expect=anticipate预期，期待 v.6.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.7.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.8.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.9.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.10.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.11.intuition=instinct 直觉 n..12.crucial=important=critical=vital=essential 至关重要的 adj.13.attempt=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge 5 TEST 21.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.2.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation动机，刺激 n.3.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.4.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.5.accompany=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.6.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.7.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.8.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系 v.9.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计 v.10.emerge=appear=come forth出现 v.11.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育 v.12.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是 adv.Cambridge 5 TEST 31.outcome=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.2.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金 n.3.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的 adj.4.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激 v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.6.potential=possible=underlying=likely 潜在的，可能的adj.7.prospect=expectation=outlook展望，希望n.8.perception感知=insight见解=viewpoint观点=belief信念= folklore民间传说 Cambridge 5 TEST 41.remote=distant 遥远的 adj.2.require=desire=order=command 要求 v.3.undermine=destroy（destruction 名词）=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.4.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的 adj.5.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.6.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破 v.7.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，发现 v.8.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.9.cue=implication=reminder=hint=signal 提示，信号，暗号n.10.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of = ignore不管，不注意。
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1. significant = enormous = dramatic = tremendous = appreciably = remarkable = crucial = substantial 巨大的，明显的，程度大的2. rigid = stiff = unchanged = little change = invariable 一成不变的3. exchange = swap = alter = shift…from…交换，转换4. approximately = nearly = almost 几乎5. proportion = percentage = percent比例6. deplete = exhaust = exploit = run out of 开采完，耗尽7. complex = complicated = sophisticated = intricate 错综复杂的8. deadly = fatal = lethal = mortal 致命的9. prosperous = thriving = booming (特指人口，行业) = flourishing 兴旺，繁荣10. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景/ background 后台/ settings 后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）11. isolate =alienate = insulate 隔绝，排外，孤立– be alien to/ insulate (-ion) 绝缘，隔热（体）12. substitution 替代物– substitute sth for sb = replace/ alternative 选择性，代替性，辅助性13. inventive (-tion) = innovative (-tion) = creative (-tion) = ingenious (-ity) = novel (-ty) = revolutionary (-tion) 创新的，新颖的14. ambiguous (ambiguity) = obscure = vague 模棱两可的，暧昧的15. inadequate = insufficient( insufficiency n.缺乏，短缺) = deficient = be lack (of) = be short (of) = be shortage of 缺乏的，短缺的16. (be) skeptical (sceptical)= dubious = suspicious (about/of) 对……怀疑17. contradictory = opposing = clashing = conflicting = incongruous 矛盾的，相反的18. accelerate = speed up = increase speed = hasten = step up 加速19. peripheral = marginal = fringe = bordering = unimportant = insignificant 次要的，边缘化的20. create / gain efficiently = increase productivity 提高生产率/效率21. poor = in poverty = impoverished = underdeveloped 贫穷的，落后的22. associate with = link to = relate to = combine with 与……有关联23. improve = enhance = promote = boost = strengthen 加强24. neutral中立的，中性的/negative否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的25. drawback = fault = defect = imperfection = failing = weakness = shortcoming = flaw 缺点，缺陷26. bewildering = puzzling = perplexing = confusing = baffling 令人困惑的27. handicap = disabled = primitive 残疾的，落后的28. unsatisfactory = hardly be looked upon 不令人满意的29. caliber= criterion = standard = specification 标准30. be alike/ be similar to = be resemble in = be identical to 相似的31. barrier = hurdle = obstacle 障碍32. address = solve = resolve = cope with = deal with = tackle the problem 解决问题33. emphasize = stress = highlight = focus on = concentrate on = pay attention to 强调，重视34. apparently=patently=obviously=evidently = clearly 显而易见的35. molten rock = lava = magma 岩浆36. degenerate (-tion) = degrade = deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下37. make up one’s mind to do = be determined to do 下定决心38. indicate = demonstrate = display = exhibit = illustrate 展现，证明39. in terms of = concerning = considering = with regard to 考虑到40. reduced = declined = downward trend 下降的趋势41. pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder 杀人42. a vast array of = a great variety of = a great range of 各种各样的43. chronic 长期的，慢性/ long-term 长期的/ acute 急性的，短时的/ short-term 短期的44. impede = keep…from… = prevent…from… = stop…from… = inhibit 阻止，禁止45. result in = lead to = cause = bring about = induce 导致46. include = embrace = comprehend = comprise = cover = involve = constitute = consist of 包括47. constrain = restrict = limit = confine 限制48. reduce = decline = cut = lessen = diminish = eliminate 减少，消除49. predict = expect = anticipate 预期50. conclude = make/reach a conclusion = put down to = prove that = attribute to = turn out to 归结为……51. poisonous= toxic (in-, non-) 有毒的52. evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命/ involve-involution 参与，渗入53. manifestation = performance = demonstration 表现54. stem from = derive from = date from = trace back to 追溯到，起源于55. gift = talent = aptitude = natural gift = genius 天资56. adapt to (adaptation) = adjust to/ make adjustment to = acclimatize oneself to = answer to = accommodate ( accommodation) = be settled in = meet the needs = in response to 适应57. advantage = merit = virtue = length = excellence 有点，长处58. throw away = scrap = discard = cast aside = desert = abandon = give up = be dispensed with 放弃，抛弃59. notorious ( notoriety) flagrant = smelly = odorous 臭名昭著的household = famous = popular = renowned = well-known = notable = reputable = prominent = famed 著名的，家喻户晓的（褒义词）60. catastrophe = disaster = adversity 灾难61. sediment = deposit 沉积（物）62. contaminate = pollute 弄脏，污染63. decipher = decode 解码，解释64. begin = launch = initiate ( initiative) 开始65. compare with = in comparison with 与……比较66. government official = authorities 权利机关67. sensibility = sense = awareness = consciousness 意识68. run into = bump into = come across = knock up with 不期而遇69. cater to = satisfy = meet the need 满足需要70. in excess of = in advance of = overrun = outstep = override = outstrip = get ahead of = surpass = exceed 超过71. cooperation = collaboration 合作72. authorize = commission (名词表示佣金) = entitle 授权，委托73. notion = reach perception = comprehension = intelligence = understanding 理解（力）74. small-scale 小范围 = marginal 边缘处的75. commit a crime = perpetrate a crime = offend against 犯罪delinquency = criminality = commitment = criminal = offense 罪犯76. trade = business = commerce = transaction = dealing 交易，贸易77. current = contemporary = nowadays = present 当前的78. reproduce = copy 表示“复制”的意思时 = breed 表示“繁殖”的意思时79. demolish = knock down = dismantle = ruin 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）80. get rid of = eradicate = eliminate = remove = smooth away 消除81. rely on = depend on = count on 依赖82. give = offer = render = impart = provide 给予83. develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 发展，培养84. key = crucial = critical = pivotal = vital = substantial = indispensable = imperative 关键的85. protect = conserve = preserve 保护（资源）86. change = alter = modify = convert into = change = alter = vary = modify = transform = turn 转变87. allege = assert = declare = claim 声称88. appraise (appraisal) = assess (assessment) = evaluate (evaluation) = estimate (estimation) 评价89. assure = ensure = guarantee = pledge 确保90. abundant = copious = profuse = ample 丰富的91. baneful = evil = harmful = detrimental 有害的92. useful = helpful = beneficial = profitable = rewarding = advantageous = wholesome 有益的93. influence = impact = effect 影响94. 增长至：grow to = rise to = increase to = go up to = climb to = ascend to = jump to = shoot to95. 降低至：dip to = fall to = decline to = decrease to = drop to = go down to = reduce to = slump to = descend to = sink to = slide to96. 保持稳定: level out = do not change = remain stable = remain still = remain steady = be stable = maintain the same level = remain unchanged = be still = remain the same level = stay constant = keep at the same level = level off = stabilize = keep its stability = even out97. 急剧地: dramatically = drastically = sharply = hugely = enormously = steeply = substantially = considerably = significantly = markedly = surprisingly = strikingly = radically = remarkably = vastly = noticeably98. 平稳地: steadily = smoothly = slightly = slowly = marginally = gradually = moderately = mildly99. 占……(百分比): account for = occupy = represent = comprise = take up = account for = constitute = consist of = make up = compose100. 波动: fluctuate = go ups and downs = display/demonstrate a fluctuation。