第2讲-主谓一致
第二讲 主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词”
构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成
的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中
后面名词是否可数而定。
Three-fourths of the surface is sea .
问题7：
All but one_____here just now . (2019 NMET)
安徽省青阳中学 周美灵
主谓一致
在线课堂501/502班 2020.2.11
高考考点分析
1、用and连接两个并列成分； 2、介词with伴随主语； 3、就近原则； 4、各种代词的主谓一致; 5、短语和从句作主语； 6、定语从句中的主谓一致。
问题 1： When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. （NMET）
B) All that can be done has been done . All have gone to the park .
问题8：
He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海春季)
（一）谓语动词常用复数的情况
1）主语为复数名词或代词 The teachers are respected in the world.
2) 当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上 为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数
The police are looking for the sing child.
[全国版][九年级英语专题]第2讲：主谓一致与倒装句] 讲义(教师版)
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1. 主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。
主谓一致的重要考查点是：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。
从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。
2. 倒装句是中考中常考的特殊句型之一，命题形式主要以单项选择、完成句子等。
主谓一致与倒装句在初中阶段学习分布如下：Enjoy the following story and find out which kind of sentence is used in the story.Long long ago, there was a hill;On the hill stood a temple;In the temple lived an old monk;The old monk was telling stories to a little monk.第2讲 主谓一致与倒装句主谓一致一、语法一致原则语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
用法例句9. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。
This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. 10. “分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of ／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。
主谓一致 语法讲解
主谓一致语法形式上要一致，即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。
意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
代词的指代一致原则，代词的指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。
例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
2)谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：There is much water in the bottle. 瓶子里有好多水。
去年生产了一万吨煤。
例如：Helping others is her great happiness. 帮助其他人是她的最大幸福。
例如：When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown. 我们何时何地举行会议还不知道。
How to work out the problem is very easy. 解决这个问题非常简单。
Whether they'll例如：They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2) 如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼睛在书桌上。
【注意】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。
例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双新鞋。
My new pair of socks is on the bed.3)例如：What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。
主谓一致讲解及练习
主谓一致讲解及练习一、主谓一致的含义：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上维持一致。
二、主谓一致三原则：主谓一致必需遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
（一）、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
1. 单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。
如：The teache r i s here and the students ar e there ．老师在这里，学生在那里。
2．each，every，neither，either，no+单数名词作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Each room is full of people．每间屋子都挤满了人。
Each boy and girl____a new book．A．are given B．was given C．being given D．were given3．主语+with，together with，like，as well as，except, including等短语作定语时，谓语的单、复数与主语一致。
如：He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.老师和他的学生一路步行抵达那里。
Nobody but Jane____the secret．A．knows B．Know C．have know D．is know4．something，everything，anything，nothing，everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone，no one，nobody等复合不定代和单独的either，neither，each(each of)，no one，the other，another等词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义：主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能：确保句子语法正确，意义清晰。
●主谓关系：主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系，这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“either...or...”结构中，根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时，需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时，需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时，需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时，谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题：提供一些练习题，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析：对练习题进行详细的答案解析，帮助学生理解自己的错误，并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结，强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性，并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
高中英语语法：主谓一致-讲解与练习
主谓一致Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is true.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.What I say and do has nothing to do with you.★ a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine.The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon.2.―单数名词+ and + 单数名词‖作主语，谓语动词用复数：You and I are good friends.The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news.【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Every man, woman, and child needs love.Each boy and girl was given a book.Every minute and every second is precious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。
主谓一致讲解及练习附答案
主谓一致讲解及练习附答案Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】主谓一致【考纲说明】1）掌握主谓一致三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则2）学会分析句式，排除干扰，分清主谓，明了句子的主谓关系3）本专题以单项选择、单词拼写和词形转换的考查为主，分值为1—2分。
【知识梳理】一、定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
二、语法一致原则概念：即在谓语和主语在语法形式上取得一致。
如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
但须注意下列几种情况：1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
【注意】：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。
但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数。
What I bought is three English books. 我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do are helpful for you. 我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2）由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。
John and Ann are good friends. 约翰和安都是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students。
.露西和莉莉都是学生。
主谓一致讲解 2
集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?
1．His family _______ a small one． 2．His family _______ fat and short． A．is，is B．are，are C．is，are D．are，is 此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单 数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类 似这种用法的词主要的有： team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)， crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)， committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等：
• • • •
It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 The team is the best in the league． 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths． 足球队队员们在洗澡。
下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？
A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift． A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered 用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用 复数，但是若主语跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等连接 的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保 持一致。
主谓一致讲解
The knife and fork is on the desk.
刀叉放在桌子上。
with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与 前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例 如：
6. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
7. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
12. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词 作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动 词用单数。如：
❖Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。
❖Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
15. 由here, there等引导的倒装句中， 若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近 的主语保持一致。如：
主谓一致讲解
主谓一致主谓语一致时指谓语动词要与主语单、复数形式及人称变化相一致。
主要包括以下三个原则：一、形式上的一致The children are playing outside.(主语和谓语动词都是复数形式)The child is playing outside. (主语和谓语动词都是单数形式)二、意义上的一致The family were watching TV last night.(主语是单数，但表示复数意念，故用复数形式的动词)三、临近原则，即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词或代词一致。
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.下面具体了解一致问题：1、名词作主语与位于动词的一致1）主语是单数名词，谓语要用单数形式。
但有时表示复数概念，谓语动词要用复数形式，比如：family,people,police,enemyThe people in the city are very friendly. 那个城市的人很友好。
The police are searching for the murderer. 警察正在寻找杀人犯。
The committee was made up of ten members. 委员会由10人组成。
The committee were in the hall. 委员们都在大厅。
My family has moved into the new house. 我家已经搬到了信房子。
My family enjoy sports and games. 我全家人都喜欢体育运动。
2)有些名词以“s”结尾，但却是单数。
如：news, physics,politics,maths,works,The steel works was built in 1988. 这个钢厂是1988年建成的。
The steel works in the country produce more steel than those in that country. 这个国家的钢厂比那个国家的钢厂生产的钢要多。
主谓一致 (2)
主谓一致一．概念：句子的主语和谓语在人称．．和数．上保持一致。
二．遵循的原则：1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则（邻近原则）三．用法：1. 单复数同形的名词means, headquarters（总部），series（系列），species（种类），works（工厂）作主语时，谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。
eg. ①These glass works are near the railway station.②This glass works(玻璃厂) was set up in 1990.注:remains作遗体讲,谓语动词用复数;作遗迹、剩余物讲，谓语动词用单数或复数。
2. 只有复数形式的名词scissors(剪子),glasses(眼镜), clothes, shorts(短裤), trousers(裤子), goods(货物), earnings(收入)，shoes, chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
eg. ①Where are my spectacles(眼镜)?I can’t find them.②One pair of scissors isn’t enough.3. 以s结尾的名词作主语时:⑴以s结尾的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
eg. What’s the news?⑵以s结尾的专有名词作主语时:a. 以s结尾的表示国家,组织等名称或书名作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如：the Netherlands(荷兰), the United States(美国), the United Nations(联合国), The Cantebury Tales(坎特伯雷的故事),American Notes(美国笔记), The Arabian Nights(一千零一夜)b. 以s结尾的表示山脉,群岛,海峡,瀑布等地理名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如：the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉), the Philippine Islands(菲律宾群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)c. 以s结尾的疾病、游戏名称等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
高中英语：主谓一致知识总结归纳一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。
这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。
二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
（一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：①The worker and writer ______(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家,②The worker and the writer ______ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家③The secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：①My brother and I have both seen that film.②Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。
例：①The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.②War and peace is a constant theme in history..③One more knife and fork is needed.④Bread and butter is our daily food.⑤Law and order has been established.（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
English Grammar (英语语法)
• 3. Tidings (has, have) come that
the British warship was sunk.
答案及分析 答案has和have都可以。tidings既可作复 数也可作单数，前后需保持主谓一致，所 以谓语动词has和have都可以。
• 4. Your suspenders (is, are) not
（剪子）, shorts（短裤）, suspenders
（吊裤带）, trousers, sugar-tongs（方
糖夹子）。
• 单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、
复数形式。
• 例如：One pair of scissors isn’t
enough.
•
Two pairs of pliers, one large
• 例如：Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.
•
由and / both…and连接的并列主语形似单 数，意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
• 例如：Good and bad taste are inculcated by example. • What I say and think are no business of yours.
economics（经济意义）。
• 3）以-s结尾的地理名称
• 作单数的地理名称：the United States，the
Netherlands，the Nations。
• 作复数的地理名称：the West Indies
（ 西印度群岛），the Bahamas（巴哈
马群岛），the Himalayas（喜马拉雅山
English Grammar
第二讲 主谓一致（一）
英语语法中的主谓一致
This is the one of the books on the subject that has ever been written in Chinese.
2.[注]在“代词+定语从句”中，从句中的谓语人称，性，数要与被修饰的代词保持一致
(many a student＝many students)
More than one person was involved in the case.
Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
4)##### and所连接的两个单数名词作主语，指同一人、同一件事或同一概念时，其谓语动词用单数。例如：
英语语法中的主谓一致问题
第二讲
英语中的一致
是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性、时等方面保持一致的协调关系。
1。人称一致：
1）主语与谓语动词之间：
除动词be有不同的人称形式以及have有特殊的单数第三人称现在时has外，其他动词只有单数第三人称现在时加-s/-es，其余的人称在动词形式上并无特殊的标记。
My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.
3) many a…或 many a …and…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【例如】
Many a student doesn't like to do their homework.
初中英语语法——主谓一致讲解及练习
初中英语语法——主谓一致讲解及练习主谓一致是指句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
掌握主谓一致的规则能够帮助我们正确使用英语语法，使句子结构更加准确和流畅。
下面将对主谓一致进行讲解，并提供一些练题供大家练。
主谓一致的基本规则1. 单数主语+单数谓语动词：当主语是单数时，谓语动词应该使用单数形式。
例如：He eats an apple every day.单数主语+单数谓语动词：当主语是单数时，谓语动词应该使用单数形式。
例如：He eats an apple every day.2. 复数主语+复数谓语动词：当主语是复数时，谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
例如：They eat apples every day.复数主语+复数谓语动词：当主语是复数时，谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
例如：They eat apples every day.3. 不以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数主语，还原为单数形式+单数谓语动词：当主语是不以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数名词时，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
例如：My family is going on a trip this weekend.不以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数主语，还原为单数形式+单数谓语动词：当主语是不以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数名词时，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
例如：My family is going on a trip this weekend.4. 以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数主语，使用复数谓语动词：当主语是以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数名词时，谓语动词应使用复数形式。
例如：The cats play in the garden.以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数主语，使用复数谓语动词：当主语是以-s, -es, -ies结尾的复数名词时，谓语动词应使用复数形式。
例如：The cats play in the garden.5. 连接词and连接的两个主语，使用复数谓语动词：当两个主语被连接词and连在一起时，谓语动词应使用复数形式。
主谓一致讲解及练习附答案
主谓一致【考纲说明】1〕掌握主谓一致三大原那么：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原那么2〕学会分析句式，排除干扰，分清主谓，明了句子的主谓关系3〕本专题以单项选择、单词拼写和词形转换的考察为主，分值为1—2分。
【知识梳理】一、定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原那么：语法一致原那么，意义一致原那么和就近一致原那么。
二、语法一致原那么概念：即在谓语和主语在语法形式上取得一致。
如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
但须注意以下几种情况：1〕以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开场吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
【注意】：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。
但假设表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列构造〞时，主句的谓语动词用复数。
What I bought is three English books. 我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do are helpful for you. 我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2〕由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。
John and Ann are good friends. 约翰和安都是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students。
.露西和莉莉都是学生。
【注意】：由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every，every …and (every)…，each …and (each)…，no …and (no)…,或many a ，many a …and(many a)…，more than one, 修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
主谓一致精讲
主谓一致谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称、数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。
处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。
一、语法上一致：谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式，主语为复数，谓语也为复数形式。
A、谓语用单数的情况1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时。
例：The boy is clever enough to study maths well.To work hard is necessary.Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.Whether she comes or not is of no matter.2、由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。
例：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education.No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game.3、主语是单数，其后尽管有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词仍用单数。
例：The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.4、某些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, every body, every one, everything, nobody, no one, nothing.等，当它们作主语时，通常用单数。
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▪ Everybody was happy with the decision. ▪ Both boys have their own merits.
Notional concord
❖ As the name suggests it is concerned with the subject-verb concord on the semantic basis i.e. the verb can sometimes agree with the subject according to the notion of number rather than to the actual presence of the grammatical marker for that notion.
❖ There is a pair of sunglasses lying on the floor.
❖ Nouns usually taking plural endings such
as archives arms and clothes are
generally used as plural. ( goods greens 植物) e.g. The archives(档案馆) of this society are kept in the basement（地下 室）.
Good morning!
Subject-verb Concord zhaoyingfly
2.0 Introduction
❖ Concord means “agreement” between subject and predicate verb in person and number.
❖ 在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词之间必 须在人称和数上保持一致关系，即主谓一 致关系。
1) Disease and game names ending in -s
❖ Names of disease ending in -s are mostly treated as singular.
▪ arthritis (关节炎) bronchitis (支气管炎)， diabetes（糖尿病） mumps (腮腺炎) phlebitis (静脉炎)
▪ Diabetes is a common disease.
Exceptions:
❖ A few such names as measles (麻疹) and rickets（软骨病）can be used either as singular or as plural. e.g.
▪ Measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.
▪ In early January 1976 the Netherlands (荷兰) was hit by its worst storm.
4) Other nouns ending in -s
❖ Names for things made of two parts such as scissors pincers etc. are usually used as plural. But when they are preceded by such unit nouns as a pair of and two pairs of the number form of the following verb is generally determined by the number marker of the unit noun.( compasses圆规 pants裤子 pliers老虎钳 shorts短裤 spectacles眼镜 stockings长统袜 tongs夹 子、钳子 trousers)
2.3 Problems of concord with collective nouns as subject
▪ The Himalayas (喜马拉雅山) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.
▪ The Straits of Gibraltar (直布罗陀海峡) have not lost their strategic importance.
▪ Neither my wife nor I am going to the ceremony.
▪ No one except his own supporters agree with him.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Note：
❖ Generally speaking the grammatical principle applies to formal English. The notional principle and the principle of proximity on the other hand play an auxiliary role in supporting the grammatical principle in informal English.
▪ A headquarters was set up to direct the operation.
▪ Their headquarters are in Paris.
▪ There are 166 species of butterflies.
▪ This species of rose is very rare.
2) Subject names ending in -ics
❖ Names of subjects (学科名称) ending in -ics are generally singular nouns but some such nouns are treated as plural when used in other senses than subject names.
▪ Acoustics (声学) is a branch of physics. ▪ The acoustics (音响效果) in the new concert
hall are faultless.
3) Geographical names ending in -s
❖ Geographical names (地理名称) such as the names of archipelagos（岛屿） mountain ranges（山脉） straits（海峡）and falls（瀑布） are generally used as plural except for a few treated as singular when used as country names（国名）.
▪ Measles are sometimes caused by a tapeworm(绦虫).
▪ Rickets is/are caused by malnutrition (营养不 良).
Game names ending in -s
❖ Game names ending in -s are generally used as singular. Such as billiards (台球)， bowls (保 龄球)，dominos (多米诺骨牌戏)，draughts (国 际跳棋)等。
2.1 Principles of Concord
❖grammatical principle ❖notional principle ❖principle of proximity
Grammatical concord
❖ It refers to the rule that the verb must match its subject in number and in person.
e.g.：
❖ My glasses are broken. Please fix them for me.
❖ Your shorts are torn. You’d better change them.
❖ The scissors are very blunt. Give me a new pair please.
2.2 Problems of concord with nouns ending in -s
❖ There are quite a few nouns that end in -s but which are not countable. Some of these nouns are treated as singular some as plural and some either as singular or as plural. All this can be dealt with under the following headings (topics).
❖ Exceptions of whereabouts(行踪), dramatics (舞台艺术) etc. may be treated either as plural or as singular.
❖ Nouns ending in -ings such as clippings, surroundings, earnings, diggings, etc are generally used as plural.