句子成分和非谓语动词

句子大全之非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。

两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般的行为时，多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。

例1 it took years of work ______（reduce）the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析：答案为to reduce。

括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce，但是仔细观察句子结构可知，该句已有谓语动词took，因此空格处应填非谓语动词。

“it took（takes）some time to do sth.”是固定句式，意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。

该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。

二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。

有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want / wish / hope / manage / demand / promise / refuse / pretend / plan / offer / decide / agree / expect等。

有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / delay/ dislike / enjoy / escape / finish / forgive / imagine / keep / mind / miss / practice / resist / risk / deny / stand等。

有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别，如forget / remember / regret / try / mean / go on等。

例2 still，the boy kept ______（ride）.解析：答案为riding。

句子成分分析非谓语动词

句子成分分析非谓语动词在每年的英语高考试题中非谓语动词都占有20分以上的分数，足见它的重要性。

在解决非谓语动词的考查中，往往很多学生不知所措。

个人认为对句子成分的掌握是很重的一个因素,下面我将从句子成分的角度来对非谓语动词进行分析，以利于大家掌握。

一.主语.(1). To clean the room is my job today. (不定式)(2). Cleaning the room is my everyday job.(动名词)(3). To teach these students will be very interesting. (不定式)(4). Teaching these students is very interesting. (动名词)从上面的(1)和(3) 我们可以发现不定式作主语表示具体或将来的动作,而动名词作主语(2)和(4)表示动作的反复发生或经常性的动作.不定式作主语的时候我们可以使用形式主语it的形式来进行表述,看下面的例子:(1).It is important for us young people to learn English well.(2).It is very kind of you to help me.以上两个例句可以总结为这样的句型:it +be +adj for/of sb to do sth,与介词for 搭配的形容词经常为:important, necessary, possible, impossible, useful 等,而与介词of 搭配的形容词经常是:good, clever, foolish, wise, rude, silly 等表示与人的品性有关的形容词.既然不定式可以用形式主语,那么动名词也可以使用这种方式,见下面的例子, (1). It is no use talking about it with him.(2). His coming late to school made the teacher very angry.第一种结构常见于以下句型:(1). It +be no good/use doing (2). It + be of no good /use /useless doing(3). There +be + no good /use /point/ trouble /difficulty doing上面的例句His coming late to school made the teacher very angry.是动名词的复合结构作主语,其中his 不可以改为him.(在动名词作宾语中有说明)二. 表语(1). My job is to clean the room today.(不定式)(2). My everyday job is cleaning the room. (动名词)(3). The new is very exciting .(现在分词)(4). I was excited at the news.(过去分词)从例(1) 我们可以知道不定式作表语表示动作的具体性,而例(2)表明动名词作表语表示动作的反复或经常性. 例(3)的现在分词作表语表示主语的特征,翻译为“令人．．．．＂，例（４）过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，与人的心理活动有关，这类动词为：interest, surprise ,please, disappoint, discourage 等．另外我们有时候会遇到这种情况，系表结构中主语和表语都是非谓语动词，这样的话前后要保持一致，例如：（1）．To see is to believe.(2). Seeing is believing . 前后的主语和表语不可以进行交叉使用．三．宾语（一）．不定式1．只接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, decide , hope ,wish, plan, manage，promise ,want等（１）.He wants to help me.(2) . He promised to help me do that job.2.vt +疑问词+不定式: discuss ,wonder ,know, tell, teach(1). They are discussing how to do it.(2). Please tell me what to do next.3.v +介词+疑问词+不定式：(1).Give me some advice on how to deal with the problem.(2).They are talking about when to go there.(二)．动名词１．只接动名词作宾语：avoid ,finish, mind , enjoy, risk, practise, imagine, appreciate, delay, put off, give up, insist on, resist.(1). He always practices speaking English in the morning.(2). The lucky bird avoided being shot by the hunter.(3). I will appreciate hearing from you now and then.2. love, like, prefer 接不定式与动名词的差别（１）.He loves seeing films.He likes staying at home reading ,but he loves to go the cinema to see “The Seven Swords”.(2). He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.He prefers staying at home to going to the cinema.3. allow, permit, forbid(1). We don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow you to smoke here.(2). We forbid their entering the room.We forbade them to enter the room.4. (1)try, remember, forget, regret, stop, mean 接不定式与动名词的区别(2) want ,need ,require 接不定式与动名词的区别四. 定语(一). 不定式(1). I have a lot of work to do .(将来)(2). Do you have anything to be typed ,sir? No, thanks. I had had them finished yesterday.(3). He is a nice person to get along with.不定式作定语是经常表示将来的概念,例(1)和(2)是比较常见的考查,注意比较不定式的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语,如果是,那么用不定式的主动形式,否则使用不定式的被动形式.例(3)提醒大家注意不定式作定语时,有时侯一些不及物动词须和相应的介词搭配之后才能作修饰成分.另举几例:(4).He is the one to send the letter to .(5).They had no room to live in.(6).They haven’t got any tool to do the work with.(二). 动名词 : 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途,这一点一定要和现在分词作定语区别开来,看下面的例子:(1). A swimming pool = a pool that is used to swim in（２） a walking stick = a stick that is used to walk with （动名词）(3). A sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping（现在分词） (4). A running car = a car that is running动名词作定语一般表示被修饰词的用途，而现在分词作定语在例（３）和（４）中表示被修饰词所处的某种状态或动作的进行．（三）．现在分词１．表示动作正在进行，或无确切时间．(1). Who is the man standing there?(2).There a tree standing in front of my house.(3). He showed us around the factory being built there .2. 说明中心词所具有的动作功能，一般翻译成＂使／令人．．．．．．．＂The moving story moved everyone to tears.The frightening noise frightened everyone present.此处所使用的现在分词往往与人的心理状态动词有关，例如：surprise, disappoint, please, discourage, tire, move,frighten等．在过去分词作定语中我们将对它们进行比较．（四）．过去分词１．过去分词和中心词之间是被动关系，表示时间上的完成概念．（１）．The building built last year can hold 1000 people.(２)． The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.2. 过去分词表示动作的完成情况．（１）．The ground is covered with fallen leaves.(２)． America is a developed country.类似的词有：boiling/boiled, burning /burnt, falling/fallen, developing/developed等．3. 表示与人的心理活动有关．（１）．The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didn’t understand the question.此句暗含：He was puzzled atthe question 之意．试比较下句：（１）．The puzzling question madehim puzzled. （２）． With the son disappointing, theparents felt very disappointed. 上面的两个例子告诉我们应该注意每个句子本身的意义然后再去决定使用哪种分词形式，不能一概而论．出现与事物有关的就是现在分词，与人有关的就是过去分词．五．状语（一）．不定式１．目的状语：不定式作状语通常可以使用in order to 或so as to 进行替换，但是我们应该注意，in order to 可以放在句首或句中，而so as to 只能用在句子中间，看下面的例句：(1). To /In order to catch the first train, he got up early this morning . 此句可以改写为：He got up early in the morning to/ in order to/so as to catch thefirst train.此句也可以改写为：He got up early in the morning so that /in order that he could catch the first train.2．原因状语：放在表示情感或心理方面的形容词或过去分词之后来说明产生情绪的原因．例：（１）．I’m very happy to see you here（２）．He was disappointed to learn that he failed again.(３)．We were frightened to hear the bad news.3. 结果状语：通常出现于以下固定搭配中，too….to, enough to….. , so….as to…..,such…..as to…..,only,例如：（1）.My hand is too cold to write.(2). He was so angry as to be unable to speak.(3). He was such a fool as to believe this.(4). He arrived at the station, only to be told that the train had left.(二) ．现在分词１．时间状语：（１）．Hearing the bad news, he cried= As soon as he heard the bad news he cried.（２）．Wandering through the street, I didn’t know where to go.此句可替换为：While/When wandering through the street, I didn’t know where to go .如果非谓语的动作发生在主句的动作之前，那么非谓语可以使用完成时态，如：（１）．Having finished the work, he left the office.２．原因状语（１）． Not knowing what to do, he was at a loss.（２）． Having worked for a long time, we all felt very tired.３．伴随（方式）状语（１）．Don’t sit there, doing nothing at all.（２）．He came here running all the way.（３）．Mother is in the kitchen cooking.4. 结果状语（１）．They fired at the enemy, killing two.（２）．His parents died, leaving him an orphan.５．其他状语（１）．Having been told many times ,he still couldn’t remember the rule.（让步状语）（２）．Standing on the top of the mountain, you can see the village more clearly.（条件状语）（三）．过去分词１．时间或条件状语Heated ,water can be turned into gases.此句可以改写为：If/When water is heated ,it can be turned into gases.2. 方式（伴随）状语（１）The teacher came in, followed by his students.（２）．The man sat there ,lost in thought.此句注意,过去分词作伴随状语时，一般省略系词．3. 原因状语（１）．Praised by the teacher at the meeting, he felt very happy.（２）．Hunted everywhere ,the wolf had nowhere to hide.4. 让步状语（１）．Seriously wounded ,he still kept on fighting.（２）．Told many times ,he just couldn’t remember it.此句也可以改写为：Though having been told many times ,he just couldn’t remember it.六．补语（一）不定式作补语：（１）．Ｉasked him to go there.（２）．We watched him cross the street.不定式作补语要注意以下几点：A. 使役动词:5看3让2听1感觉带get, 注意主动和被动的区别,见下面的例子:（１）． We saw him cross the street.（２）． He was seen to cross the street.（３）．We got him to do the job.这些词中let 和have 是不用被动语态的，希望大家注意． B. think, consider, suppose, believe, Imagine, prove, find等词后的补语仅限于to be 且可以省略，例：（１）． We think him (to be ) clever.（２）． We found the problem (to be ) difficult to sole.C. call on, ask for, wait for, depend on等后用带to 的补语，例，（１）．The Party called on us to work for the country.（２）．You can’t depend on him to help you when you are in trouble.D. 其他动词的补语要补好to,例He doesn’t permit people to smoke in his room.（二）．现在分词A. 在感官动词之后，表示动作的进行：（１）． We saw him crying when we came in.（２）． We heard a girl shouting in the next room.B. 在keep, leave, get , set, send , catch 之后用现在分词作宾补，例：（１）．They caught the young man stealing in the supermarket.（２）．Don’t leave the boy waiting outside in the rain.（３）．What he said at the meeting set us thinking.注意：a. 现在分词不能作 make ,let 的宾补b. 瞬间动词的现在分词不作宾补：Don’t keep your eyes shutting to this.(×)Don’t keep your eyes shut to this. (?) （三）．过去分词作状语1．过去分词与宾语为被动关系，说明宾语的状态，表示完成或不确切时间．（１）．When he returned home, he found his house broken into.（２）．He had his hair cut yesterday.２．过去分词说明宾语的状态，表示动作完成，没有被动关系或被动意味很弱．（１）．When he returned his hometown, we found him greatly changed.（２）．He left his wound exposed in the sun.七．独立主格１．名词／代词+现在分词（主谓关系），如：(1). The old man leading us the way, we found the villageeasily.=Led by the old man, we found the village easily.(2).Weather permitting, we will go hunting next week.2. 名词／代词+ 过去分词（动宾关系），如：(1). Our homework finished ,we all went out to play.(2). The windows broken up, all the boys playing football ran away right away.3. 名词／代词+ 不定式（表示将来）．如：（１）．She to lead us the way, we can find the village easily.（２）．I will a third of the money borrowed from you, the rest to follow in a year.4. 名词／代词+ 形容词（表示状态）．如：（１）．The meeting over , we all went home.（２）．The boy stood there, his face red with anger.5. 名词／代词+ 地点副词．如：Everyone here, we can begin our meeting now.6. 名词／代词+ 介词短语（介词前后的名词没有任何修饰词）．如：The teacher came in, book in hand.(?)The teacher came in, a book in his hand.(×)但是我们可以使用 with 的复合结构：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.分享源源不断。

(中学)英语句子成分详解汇总

（中学）英语句子成分详解汇总英语句子基本的原则，是名词周围可以有一切形容词性的东西，动词周围可以有一切副词性的东西，及物动词和介词后面可以跟一切名词性的东西。

一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成——主语和谓语句子主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语；句子修饰成分：同位语、定语、状语、补语英语句子基本形式：(状语)，主语（定语/同位语/插入语）+谓语（时态、语态、单复数）+宾语/表语（定语/同位语/状语）充当句子成分的词类：名词(短语)、代词、动词(词组)、形容词(短语)、副词(短语)、介词短语、非谓语结构、从句每个部分细分如下：主语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即主语从句）谓语：动词宾语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即宾语从句）表语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即表语从句）、形容词、介词同位语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即同位语从句）定语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即定语从句）、形容词、介词状语：副词、介词、非谓语动词、从句(即状语从句）一、主语主语：动作发出者。

是句子主体，表明这句话要描述的是什么I am a teacherChinese is hard充当主语的词语：名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、句子Helping you learn English well is my task•凡是名词都可以做主语•不管是基数词还是序数词都可以作主语•动词不定式和动词不定式短语可以作主语•动名词和动名词短语可以作主语•句子可以作主语，作主语的句子我们叫主语从句•其他：有些词语看起来不是名词，但是具有名词的含义（the old）1. 主语不能缺失中文中句子没有主语翻译成英文解决办法(1). it作主语It is hot outside 外面很热；It keeps raining 雨一直下(2). 使用there be句型注：使用there be 句型前提不是非要表示某处有某物，不能出现两个动词。

句子成分的种类与功能总结

句子成分的种类与功能总结在语言学中，句子是最基本的语言单位，由不同的句子成分组成。

这些句子成分在句子中扮演着不同的角色，有着各自独特的功能。

通过对句子成分的分类和功能的总结，我们可以更好地理解句子的结构和意义。

一、名词性成分1. 主语：句子的主题，通常是由名词、代词或名词短语作为其核心。

2. 谓语：句子的核心，表示主语的动作、状态或属性。

可以是及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词等。

3. 宾语：接在及物动词后面，表示动作的承受者或作用对象。

通常是名词或代词。

4. 补语：补充说明主语或宾语的属性、状态或特征。

可以是形容词、名词、动词不定式、副词等。

二、状语1. 地点状语：表示动作发生的地点或范围。

2. 时间状语：表示动作发生的时间或时间段。

3. 方式状语：表示动作的方式、方式或手段。

4. 原因状语：表示动作的原因或理由。

5. 目的状语：表示动作的目的或意图。

6. 结果状语：表示动作的结果或后果。

7. 条件状语：表示动作发生的条件。

8. 比较状语：表示动作的程度、程度或大小的比较。

三、定语1. 形容词：修饰名词或代词，表示其属性、性质或特征。

2. 限定词：修饰名词，确定其数量、身份或范围。

例如：数词、冠词、指示代词等。

3. 关系词：引导定语从句，修饰名词，进一步说明其身份、特点或关系。

四、独立成分1. 独立主格：由名词（或代词）和非谓语动词（一般是现在分词或过去分词形式）构成，表示与主句中的主语或宾语并行的另一动作或情况。

2. 独立结构：包括独立主格、独立句和独立分句。

可以独立存在，不影响主句的结构和意义。

五、补充成分1. 插入语：用于在句子中插入补充、解释或陈述附加信息。

一般用逗号、括号或破折号包围。

2. 状语从句：由连词引导的从句，用来修饰句子中的动词、形容词或副词。

3. 定语从句：由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，用来修饰名词或代词。

综上所述，句子成分的种类与功能多种多样，每个成分都在句子中扮演着不可或缺的角色。

非谓语动词一览表

非谓语动词一览表动词不定式的基本用法：一. 语法功能: 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语(主语补足语)、状语以及插入语（独立成分)，唯独不可作谓语。

（主语）To scold her would not be just.（宾语）We are planning to build a Disney park here.（宾补）They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.（表语）Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation.仔细分析当前的形势是我们最迫切的任务。

（定语）Do you have anything else to add? 还有什么要补充的吗（目的状语）Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones. 惩前毖后。

（结果状语）He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject.他大讲了一通，只暴露他对这门学科的无知。

（程度状语）I don’t know her to speak to.我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。

(原因状语) We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the work.(独立成分) To put it another way, do you like him?To be honest,I don’t know anything about it.I. 作主语：1. To say is easier than to do. =Saying is easier than doing.2. To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.3. How to go there h asn’t been decided yet.4. Who to blame for the traffic accident is still a puzzle.5. Whether to go or stay is not known.6. It is important to study English well and go to college.7. It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.8. It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.9. To master a foreign language is very important。

句子成分与非谓语动词

句子成分与非谓语动词构成篇章的基本单位是句子，每个句子是由词或短语构成的，这些词或短语便是句子成分。

包括：主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语，同位语，独立成分。

非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征（带宾语和状语）的动词形式。

无人称和数的变化。

包括：to do /doing/done,一、主语：它是一个句子所叙述的主体，通常位于句首，但在倒装句中除外。

祈使句中省略主语you。

n./ pron /num./the＋adj./to do/doing/句子均可充当主语。

当to do / doing / 从句作主语时，往往用形式主语it代替。

1．形式主语⑴It’s＋hard/difficult /easy/（un）important/（im）possible/（un）necessary /all right /interesting／appropriate＋for somebody to do something可转化为：To do something is／was ＋adj.／n＋for somebody⑵It’s＋nice/good/kind /wrong /careless/（un）wise/（im）polite/rude/clever/foolish/silly／thoughtful/cruel/brave/honest/lazy/（un）selfish /careful＋of somebody to do something可转化为: Somebody is／was＋adj ／n ／＋to do something⑶It’s＋no use/ useless/ not any use/ no good / not any good／fun／enjoyable／tiring ／dangerous ／expensive ／a bore ／a waste of time ／a good pleasure ＋doing something 可转化为: Doing something is ／was +…⑷替代that从句（1）It is said that…（2）It is well-known that…（3）It is recorded that…（4）It is reported that…（5）It is suggested that…(6)It is clear／obvious that…(7) It is possible／likely that… (8) It is surprising that…(9) It is believed that… (10)It is a fact that…(11)It is necessary ／important that… (12)It is a good thing／news that…（13）It seems ／appears that… （14）It must be pointed out that…（15）It should be noted that… （16）It has been proved that…（17）It has worked o ut that… （18）It happened that…（19）It turns out that… （20）It strikes me most that…1.Honesty is the best policy.2.Nobody except you can help yourself.3.The sick and the old need your help.4.The wounded should be sent to hospital at once.5.To become a nurse is my wish.6.Taking enough exercise is good for your health.7.That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused a lot of trouble.8.Who is the man standing over there ?9.One third of the students in our class are girls.10.When we are going to nave a test hasn’t been decided.11.Whether he will join us in the discussion is of great importance.12.Forty is enough for us.13.It will be interesting to see what happens when you get a bet older.14.It would be appropriate for you to discuss your problem now.15.It’s very nice of you to help me out.16.It is my job to teach them English.17.It’s our duty to help others.18.To be a doctor for animals is rewarding.19.To see is to believe./ Seeing is believing.20.It’s necessary for us to get timel y help around.21.It’s good manners to stare at a stranger.22.It’s thoughtful of you to warn me of your arrival.23.It’s pity that he can’t swim.24.It’s a fact that the population is still increasing.25.It turns out that we are going to have another busy day.26.It is essential to make a good plan for the trip.2. to do作主语表示具体某一次行为或将来的动作，意义上常表示一件未完成的事或目的。

英语语法中的9种句子成分

英语语法中的9种句子成分一.主语Subject“主语”中的“主”是主人、主导的意思。

（一）定义：主语是动作的发出者，通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词【或名词性结构】。

也可以理解为主语就是句子中说明的人或事物【sb/sth】独立的：即不在短语中、不在从句中（二）句子中主句的4种形式：1.名词本身2.代词3.动词-ing/to do形式【注意：做状语的V-ing/to do 结构除外】4.主语从句【即主语是个句子，引导词that 不可省略】例句：The flower is beautiful.I love you.Teaching English is my job.To teach English today is my job.(补充：动词做主语的-ing形式称为动名词，to do形式称为不定式。

前者强调经常性、习惯性，后者强调阶段性、特定性、将来性。

)That she is still alive is a wonder.二.谓语Predicate（一）定义：谓语是主语发出的动作，通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词【或动词性结构】。

也可以说是用来说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

例句：He is singing.(其中的is是助动词，is singing 才是谓语)He likes singing.(likes是实意动词，所以谓语是likes)现在分词/过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语。

（三）非谓语动词有谓语动词，就有非谓语动词。

那么，什么是非谓语动词？非谓语动词即一个句子中，不是谓语的动词就是非谓语动词。

非谓语的三种形式：1.doing（表主动、进行）2.done动词过去式（表被动、完成）3.to do(表将来)例句：I saw a girl crying in a car.(crying表明女孩主动在哭并且是正在进行)Beaten by Bob,Tom was very sad.(beaten有两层含义，一是被别人打了，不是自己打的，是被动的。

英语句子成分说明

2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，Байду номын сангаас征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
定语从句：即从句在复合句中充当定语。
1 定语可以由形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．
2 定语从句用来修饰名词，代词或整个主句．
8.I（主语） always find（谓语） her （宾语）happy （状语）
9.He （主语）wonders （谓语）if I （条件句中的主语）still study（条件句中的谓语） English （条件句中的宾语）整个条件句做主干的宾语
10.The letter（主语） which I received the day before yesterday（定语从句） was（谓语） a friend of mine （宾语
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。

英语语法中的9种句子成分

英语语法中的9 种句子成分一. 主语Subject“主语”中的“主”是主人、主导的意思。

（一）定义：主语是动作的发出者，通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词【或名词性结构】。

也可以理解为主语就是句子中说明的人或事物【sb/sth 】独立的：即不在短语中、不在从句中（二）句子中主句的4 种形式：1.名词本身2.代词3.动词-ing/to do 形式【注意：做状语的V-ing/to do 结构除外】4.主语从句【即主语是个句子，引导词that 不可省略】例句：The flower is beautiful.I love you.TeachingEnglish is my job. To teach English today is my job. （补充：动词做主语的-ing 形式称为动名词，to do 形式称为不定式。

前者强调经常性、习惯性，后者强调阶段性、特定性、将来性。

）That she is still alive is a wonder.二. 谓语Predicate（一）定义：谓语是主语发出的动作，通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词【或动词性结构】。

也可以说是用来说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

例句：He is singing.（其中的is是助动词，is singing 才是谓语）He likes singing.（likes 是实意动词，所以谓语是likes）现在分词/ 过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语。

（三）非谓语动词有谓语动词，就有非谓语动词。

那么，什么是非谓语动词？非谓语动词即一个句子中，不是谓语的动词就是非谓语动词。

非谓语的三种形式：1.doing（表主动、进行）2.done 动词过去式（表被动、完成）3.to do（表将来）例句：I saw a girl crying in a car.（crying 表明女孩主动在哭并且是正在进行）Beaten by Bob,Tom was very sad.（beaten 有两层含义，一是被别人打了，不是自己打的，是被动的。

句子成分分析非谓语动词

句子成分分析非谓语动词在每年的英语高考试题中非谓语动词都占有20分以上的分数，足见它的重要性。

在解决非谓语动词的考查中，往往很多学生不知所措。

个人认为对句子成分的掌握是很重的一个因素,下面我将从句子成分的角度来对非谓语动词进行分析，以利于大家掌握。

一.主语.(1). To clean the room is my job today. (不定式)(2). Cleaning the room is my everyday job.(动名词)(3). To teach these students will be very interesting. (不定式)(4). Teaching these students is very interesting. (动名词)从上面的(1)和(3) 我们可以发现不定式作主语表示具体或将来的动作,而动名词作主语(2)和(4)表示动作的反复发生或经常性的动作.不定式作主语的时候我们可以使用形式主语it的形式来进行表述,看下面的例子:(1).It is important for us young people to learn English well.(2).It is very kind of you to help me.以上两个例句可以总结为这样的句型:it +be +adj for/of sb to do sth,与介词for 搭配的形容词经常为:important, necessary, possible, impossible, useful 等,而与介词of 搭配的形容词经常是:good, clever, foolish, wise, rude, silly 等表示与人的品性有关的形容词.既然不定式可以用形式主语,那么动名词也可以使用这种方式,见下面的例子, (1). It is no use talking about it with him.(2). His coming late to school made the teacher very angry.第一种结构常见于以下句型:(1). It +be no good/use doing (2). It + be of no good /use /useless doing(3). There +be + no good /use /point/ trouble /difficulty doing上面的例句His coming late to school made the teacher very angry.是动名词的复合结构作主语,其中his 不可以改为him.(在动名词作宾语中有说明)二. 表语(1). My job is to clean the room today.(不定式)(2). My everyday job is cleaning the room. (动名词)(3). The new is very exciting .(现在分词)(4). I was excited at the news.(过去分词)从例(1) 我们可以知道不定式作表语表示动作的具体性,而例(2)表明动名词作表语表示动作的反复或经常性. 例(3)的现在分词作表语表示主语的特征,翻译为“令人．．．．＂，例（４）过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，与人的心理活动有关，这类动词为：interest, surprise ,please, disappoint, discourage 等．另外我们有时候会遇到这种情况，系表结构中主语和表语都是非谓语动词，这样的话前后要保持一致，例如：（1）．To see is to believe.(2). Seeing is believing . 前后的主语和表语不可以进行交叉使用．三．宾语（一）．不定式1．只接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, decide , hope ,wish, plan, manage，promise ,want等（１）.He wants to help me.(2) . He promised to help me do that job.2.vt +疑问词+不定式: discuss ,wonder ,know, tell, teach(1). They are discussing how to do it.(2). Please tell me what to do next.3.v +介词+疑问词+不定式：(1).Give me some advice on how to deal with the problem.(2).They are talking about when to go there.(二)．动名词１．只接动名词作宾语：avoid ,finish, mind , enjoy, risk, practise, imagine, appreciate, delay, put off, give up, insist on, resist.(1). He always practices speaking English in the morning.(2). The lucky bird avoided being shot by the hunter.(3). I will appreciate hearing from you now and then.2. love, like, prefer 接不定式与动名词的差别（１）.He loves seeing films.He likes staying at home reading ,but he loves to go the cinema to see “The Seven Swords”.(2). He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.He prefers staying at home to going to the cinema.3. allow, permit, forbid(1). We don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow you to smoke here.(2). We forbid their entering the room.We forbade them to enter the room.4. (1)try, remember, forget, regret, stop, mean 接不定式与动名词的区别(2) want ,need ,require 接不定式与动名词的区别四. 定语(一). 不定式(1). I have a lot of work to do .(将来)(2). Do you have anything to be typed ,sir? No, thanks. I had had them finished yesterday.(3). He is a nice person to get along with.不定式作定语是经常表示将来的概念,例(1)和(2)是比较常见的考查,注意比较不定式的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语,如果是,那么用不定式的主动形式,否则使用不定式的被动形式.例(3)提醒大家注意不定式作定语时,有时侯一些不及物动词须和相应的介词搭配之后才能作修饰成分.另举几例:(4).He is the one to send the letter to .(5).They had no room to live in.(6).They haven’t got any tool to do the work with.(二). 动名词 : 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途,这一点一定要和现在分词作定语区别开来,看下面的例子:(1). A swimming pool = a pool that is used to swim in（２） a walking stick = a stick that is used to walk with （动名词）(3). A sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping（现在分词） (4). A running car = a car that is running动名词作定语一般表示被修饰词的用途，而现在分词作定语在例（３）和（４）中表示被修饰词所处的某种状态或动作的进行．（三）．现在分词１．表示动作正在进行，或无确切时间．(1). Who is the man standing there?(2).There a tree standing in front of my house.(3). He showed us around the factory being built there .2. 说明中心词所具有的动作功能，一般翻译成＂使／令人．．．．．．．＂The moving story moved everyone to tears.The frightening noise frightened everyone present.此处所使用的现在分词往往与人的心理状态动词有关，例如：surprise, disappoint, please, discourage, tire, move,frighten等．在过去分词作定语中我们将对它们进行比较．（四）．过去分词１．过去分词和中心词之间是被动关系，表示时间上的完成概念．（１）．The building built last year can hold 1000 people.(２)． The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.2. 过去分词表示动作的完成情况．（１）．The ground is covered with fallen leaves.(２)． America is a developed country.类似的词有：boiling/boiled, burning /burnt, falling/fallen, developing/developed等．3. 表示与人的心理活动有关．（１）．The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didn’t understand the question.此句暗含：He was puzzled atthe question 之意．试比较下句：（１）．The puzzling question madehim puzzled. （２）． With the son disappointing, theparents felt very disappointed. 上面的两个例子告诉我们应该注意每个句子本身的意义然后再去决定使用哪种分词形式，不能一概而论．出现与事物有关的就是现在分词，与人有关的就是过去分词．五．状语（一）．不定式１．目的状语：不定式作状语通常可以使用in order to 或so as to 进行替换，但是我们应该注意，in order to 可以放在句首或句中，而so as to 只能用在句子中间，看下面的例句：(1). To /In order to catch the first train, he got up early this morning . 此句可以改写为：He got up early in the morning to/ in order to/so as to catch thefirst train.此句也可以改写为：He got up early in the morning so that /in order that he could catch the first train.2．原因状语：放在表示情感或心理方面的形容词或过去分词之后来说明产生情绪的原因．例：（１）．I’m very happy to see you here（２）．He was disappointed to learn that he failed again.(３)．We were frightened to hear the bad news.3. 结果状语：通常出现于以下固定搭配中，too….to, enough to….. , so….as to…..,such…..as to…..,only,例如：（1）.My hand is too cold to write.(2). He was so angry as to be unable to speak.(3). He was such a fool as to believe this.(4). He arrived at the station, only to be told that the train had left.(二) ．现在分词１．时间状语：（１）．Hearing the bad news, he cried= As soon as he heard the bad news he cried.（２）．Wandering through the street, I didn’t know where to go.此句可替换为：While/When wandering through the street, I didn’t know where to go .如果非谓语的动作发生在主句的动作之前，那么非谓语可以使用完成时态，如：（１）．Having finished the work, he left the office.２．原因状语（１）． Not knowing what to do, he was at a loss.（２）． Having worked for a long time, we all felt very tired.３．伴随（方式）状语（１）．Don’t sit there, doing nothing at all.（２）．He came here running all the way.（３）．Mother is in the kitchen cooking.4. 结果状语（１）．They fired at the enemy, killing two.（２）．His parents died, leaving him an orphan.５．其他状语（１）．Having been told many times ,he still couldn’t remember the rule.（让步状语）（２）．Standing on the top of the mountain, you can see the village more clearly.（条件状语）（三）．过去分词１．时间或条件状语Heated ,water can be turned into gases.此句可以改写为：If/When water is heated ,it can be turned into gases.2. 方式（伴随）状语（１）The teacher came in, followed by his students.（２）．The man sat there ,lost in thought.此句注意,过去分词作伴随状语时，一般省略系词．3. 原因状语（１）．Praised by the teacher at the meeting, he felt very happy.（２）．Hunted everywhere ,the wolf had nowhere to hide.4. 让步状语（１）．Seriously wounded ,he still kept on fighting.（２）．Told many times ,he just couldn’t remember it.此句也可以改写为：Though having been told many times ,he just couldn’t remember it.六．补语（一）不定式作补语：（１）．Ｉasked him to go there.（２）．We watched him cross the street.不定式作补语要注意以下几点：A. 使役动词:5看3让2听1感觉带get, 注意主动和被动的区别,见下面的例子:（１）． We saw him cross the street.（２）． He was seen to cross the street.（３）．We got him to do the job.这些词中let 和have 是不用被动语态的，希望大家注意． B. think, consider, suppose, believe, Imagine, prove, find等词后的补语仅限于to be 且可以省略，例：（１）． We think him (to be ) clever.（２）． We found the problem (to be ) difficult to sole.C. call on, ask for, wait for, depend on等后用带to 的补语，例，（１）．The Party called on us to work for the country.（２）．You can’t depend on him to help you when you are in trouble.D. 其他动词的补语要补好to,例He doesn’t permit people to smoke in his room.（二）．现在分词A. 在感官动词之后，表示动作的进行：（１）． We saw him crying when we came in.（２）． We heard a girl shouting in the next room.B. 在keep, leave, get , set, send , catch 之后用现在分词作宾补，例：（１）．They caught the young man stealing in the supermarket.（２）．Don’t leave the boy waiting outside in the rain.（３）．What he said at the meeting set us thinking.注意：a. 现在分词不能作 make ,let 的宾补b. 瞬间动词的现在分词不作宾补：Don’t keep your eyes shutting to this.(×)Don’t keep your eyes shut to this. (?) （三）．过去分词作状语1．过去分词与宾语为被动关系，说明宾语的状态，表示完成或不确切时间．（１）．When he returned home, he found his house broken into.（２）．He had his hair cut yesterday.２．过去分词说明宾语的状态，表示动作完成，没有被动关系或被动意味很弱．（１）．When he returned his hometown, we found him greatly changed.（２）．He left his wound exposed in the sun.七．独立主格１．名词／代词+现在分词（主谓关系），如：(1). The old man leading us the way, we found the villageeasily.=Led by the old man, we found the village easily.(2).Weather permitting, we will go hunting next week.2. 名词／代词+ 过去分词（动宾关系），如：(1). Our homework finished ,we all went out to play.(2). The windows broken up, all the boys playing football ran away right away.3. 名词／代词+ 不定式（表示将来）．如：（１）．She to lead us the way, we can find the village easily.（２）．I will a third of the money borrowed from you, the rest to follow in a year.4. 名词／代词+ 形容词（表示状态）．如：（１）．The meeting over , we all went home.（２）．The boy stood there, his face red with anger.5. 名词／代词+ 地点副词．如：Everyone here, we can begin our meeting now.6. 名词／代词+ 介词短语（介词前后的名词没有任何修饰词）．如：The teacher came in, book in hand.(?)The teacher came in, a book in his hand.(×)但是我们可以使用 with 的复合结构：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.分享源源不断。

句子成分

句子成分：一、主语：在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式短语来充当。

1、名词作主语The play was very interesting. 这场戏很有意思。

主系状表The bird covered the distance in three minutes. 这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。

主谓宾状2、代词作主语They were talking loudly. 他们在大声地说话。

主谓状He has never borrowed money from me. 他从未向我借过钱。

主谓状谓宾状Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. 托尼看见了我，就走过来和我做到一张桌子前。

主谓宾连谓连状We are very proud of him. 我们真为他感到自豪。

主系状表状3、动名词作主语Fishing is my favourite sport. 钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动。

主系定表4、动词不定式作主语It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看。

形主状谓状主（动名词和动词不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语。

）二、谓语：谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。

可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词（表动作）和连系动词（表状态），行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物和不及物动词。

1、行为动词作谓语On the last day I made a big decision. 到了最后一天，我做出了一项重大决定。

状主谓定宾I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. 我很早起床，买来了37张明信片。

主谓状连谓定宾It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time. 过20分钟，大钟将敲响12下。

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）否定式：not + (to) do2．不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.（2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, re fuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.（4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wi sh, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call o n, wait for, invite此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。

高中英语语法入门非谓语动词及句子成分

高中英语语法入门非谓语动词及句子成分高中英语语法入门：非谓语动词及句子成分非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它可以作为动词的其他形式，充当句子中的各种成分。

了解非谓语动词的使用方法能够帮助我们更好地理解英语句子的结构和意义。

以下是一些常见的非谓语动词及其在句子中的成分角色。

不定式（Infinitive）不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，通常以"to"开头。

它可以用来表示目的、结果、原因、时间等不同的意义，常见的用法有：1. 作主语：To learn is important.（研究很重要。

）2. 作宾语：I want to go.（我想去。

）3. 作定语：We have some books to read.（我们有一些书要读。

）动名词（Gerund）动名词是将动词变为名词形式，以"-ing"结尾。

它可以用来作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，常见的用法有：1. 作主语：Swimming is my favorite hobby.（游泳是我的最爱。

）2. 作宾语：I enjoy dancing.（我喜欢跳舞。

）3. 作定语：She bought a running shoes.（她买了一双跑鞋。

）4. 作表语：Her hobby is painting.（她的爱好是绘画。

）现在分词（Present Participle）现在分词以"-ing"结尾，表示主动或进行中的动作。

它可以作为形容词、副词、定语等，常见的用法有：1. 作形容词：The crying baby needs attention.（哭泣的婴儿需要照顾。

）2. 作副词：She left, smiling happily.（她笑着离开了。

）3. 作定语：The running water is clean.（流动的水很干净。

）过去分词（Past Participle）过去分词常以"-ed"、"-en"、"-d"或其他不规则形式结尾，表示被动、完成或描述状态。

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分作者：李兰英来源：《高中生·高考指导》2015年第10期一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。

两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般的行为时，多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。

例1 It took years of work ______（reduce）the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析：答案为to reduce。

括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce，但是仔细观察句子结构可知，该句已有谓语动词took，因此空格处应填非谓语动词。

“It took（takes） some time to do sth.”是固定句式，意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。

该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。

二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。

有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want / wish / hope / manage / demand / promise / refuse / pretend / plan / offer / decide / agree / expect等。

有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / delay / dislike / enjoy / escape / finish / forgive / imagine / keep / mind / miss / practice / resist / risk / deny / stand等。

有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别，如forget / remember / regret / try / mean / go on等。

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）否定式：not + (to) do2．不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.（2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, re fuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.（4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wi sh, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call o n, wait for, invite此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。

句子成分和非谓语动词

不定式（do/to do）非谓语动词分词（现在分词doing, 过去分词done）动名词（doing）考点1 非谓语动词作状语 ★★★★★1. 不定式作状语I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语)To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的状语)I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语) 不定式表结果的固定结构:only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such …as to. . . ;. . . enough(for sb. )to. . .He was too scared to say a word.The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.I’m not such a fool as to believe that.I was lucky enough to be employed(雇佣) as a secretary(秘书).2. 分词作状语Hearing (hear) the good news, he jumped with great joy.Not knowing (know) what to do, I had to wait here.The girls came in, following (follow) their parents.The teacher came in, followed (follow) by some students.Seen (see) from the hill, the city looks like a garden.Seeing (see) from the hill, we can enjoy the view of the city.Given (give) more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed (absorb) in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound. Having driven (drive) all day, we were rather tired.【点津】①把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; ②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果;The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.③准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;④如果分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作发生在谓语动词之前时，则用完成式having done。

句子成分和非谓语动词

不定式〔do/to do〕非谓语动词分词〔现在分词doing, 过去分词done〕动名词〔doing〕考点1 非谓语动词作状语 ★★★★★1. 不定式作状语I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语)To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的状语)I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语)不定式表结果的固定结构:only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such …as to. . . ;. . . enough(for sb. )to. . .He was too scared to say a word.The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.I’m not such a fool as to believe that.I was lucky enough to be employed(雇佣) as a secretary(秘书).2. 分词作状语Hearing (hear) the good news, he jumped with great joy.Not knowing (know) what to do, I had to wait here.The girls came in, following (follow) their parents.The teacher came in, followed (follow) by some students.Seen (see) from the hill, the city looks like a garden.Seeing (see) from the hill, we can enjoy the view of the city.Given (give) more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed (absorb) in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound. Having driven (drive) all day, we were rather tired.【点津】①把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; ②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果;The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.③准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;④如果分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作发生在谓语动词之前时，那么用完成式having done。

句子成分

二、英语句子成分：句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语由动词来承担。

宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分，除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。

主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。

例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那麽他们在做什麽呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。

在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。

那麽，哪些词语可以做主语，谓语，何时主谓倒置，主语与谓语的一致情况如何，我将一一讲述。

一、哪些词可以充当主语1,名词例如： A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.The first truck is carrying a few baskets.The temperature will stay above zero.The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.China does not want to copy the USA’s example.2,代词例如：It’s a young forest.I don’t know if it will grow.That’s a bit expensive.You’d better buy a n ew pair.I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes.3,数词例如：One and two is three.One is not enough for me. I want one more.One of them is English.Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.Two will be enough.4,不定式（常以It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现）例如：To give is better than to receive =Its better to give.I found it difficult to get to sleep.It’s glad to see you again.It was difficult to see.But it’s good to swim in summer.5,IT 作主语，有如下情况：1)指代刚刚提到的事物：What’s this ? It’s a bus. (指代what)2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人：Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代who)Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代who)3) 表示时间，天气，距离：What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (时间)What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天气)How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away. (距离)6. THERE 引起的There be 句型中，be 作谓语，主语位居其后。