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英语国家概况王恩铭加拿大考试重点

英语国家概况王恩铭加拿大考试重点
加拿大的英语国家概况考试中，以下内容可能是重点：
1. 加拿大的地理位置：加拿大位于北美洲北部，和美国接壤。

广阔的国土面积、丰富的自然资源和多样的地形地貌是加拿大的特点。

2. 加拿大的政治制度：加拿大是一个君主立宪制国家，现任国家元首是英国女王伊丽莎白二世，实际上的国家领导人是总督和总理。

3. 加拿大的人口和文化：加拿大是一个多元文化的国家，各种文化和民族在这里共存。

最大的民族群体是英裔和法裔居民。

4. 加拿大的经济发展：加拿大是一个发达国家，主要经济领域包括资源开采、制造业、金融服务、旅游业等。

加拿大的经济也受到国际经济形势和贸易政策的影响。

5. 加拿大的教育和医疗系统：加拿大拥有高质量的教育和医疗系统，教育资源丰富，各级学校和大学享有国际声誉。

6. 加拿大的环境保护和气候变化：加拿大拥有广袤的森林、湖泊和其他自然资源，对环境保护十分重视。

同时，气候变化对加拿大的影响也逐渐显现，如北极冰层消融、海洋水位上升等。

7. 加拿大的社会福利和公共服务：加拿大有健全的社会福利制度，提供医疗保健、退休金、失业救济等福利。

公共服务也较
为完善，如交通、公共安全等。

以上是可能在加拿大英语国家概况考试中的重点内容。

英语国家概况加拿大学生版

Chapter 1 A Panoramic View of Canada加拿大国土面积约998万平方公里,是仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国。

她位于北美洲的北半部，东临大西洋，西接太平洋，南面与美国接壤，北临北冰洋。

加拿大是世界上海岸线最长的国家，人口3500万，相当于中国贵州省人口总数。

加拿大分为十个省和三个地区，首都渥太华，官方语言为英语和法语。

加拿大地域辽阔，地形多样，不同区域的气温和降水差异很大，夏季最高气温在35℃以上，冬季最低气温在零下35℃以下。

北方地区气候寒冷，冬季积雪期多达4-10个月。

但大多地区并不是人们印象中的特别寒冷。

加拿大气候分为北极地区、北部地区、太平洋地区等七个地区。

17世纪法国人在加拿大建立移民点以前，北美大陆最早的土著居民是印第安人和因纽特人。

1534年，法国探险家用J.卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河这条通往加拿大的主要水路，为后来法国的殖民活动奠定了基础。

另一个法国人S.尚普兰于1603年在今新斯科舍省建立了北美第一个殖民地。

1612年尚普兰被任命为新法兰西殖民地第一任总督，他因在北美开发殖民地有重大贡献而被后人称为“新法兰西之父”。

随后，17到18世纪，英法在北美发生一系列的武装冲突，1756年到1763年的英法七年战争，以法军战败而告终。

1763年，英法签订《巴黎和约》，加拿大从此沦为百年英属殖民地时期。

1867年，英国议会形成并通过了《英属北美法案》，决定由安大略省、魁北克省、新不伦瑞克和新斯科舍四省合并成联邦国家，国名为“加拿大自治领”，首都渥太华。

一、二战期间，加拿大经济迅速发展，1949年，纽芬兰最终成为加拿大第10个省。

I. A Geographical SurveyWith an area of 9,984,670 square kilometers, Canada is a huge country, second in size only to Russia and slightly larger than China. Yet approximately, it has only 35 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. Situated in northern half of the North America, Canada extends from the Great Lakes1in the south to the majestic Rocky Mountains2in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north.Map of Canada1. Provinces and TerritoriesJust as the United States is a federation of states, Canada is a federation of provinces. It is now made up of ten provinces — Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia —and three territories —Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon Territory. Each area has its own provincial flag.1五大湖是位于加拿大与美国交界处的5个大型淡水湖泊，按面积从大到小分别为：苏必利尔湖、休伦湖、密歇根湖、伊利湖和安大略湖。

《英语国家概况》课后题参考答案

《英语国家概况》课后题参考答案Chapter Thirteen Geography1. How many states are there in the United States? Which one is the largest and which one is the smallest?There are 50 states in the United States. The largest one in area is Alaska and Rhode Island the smallest.2. Why does the United States have an ideal location for trade?The United States has an ideal location for trade. Its Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australasia. So the United States is well connected to the rest of the world.3. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main mountain ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. Many important rivers in the United States include the Mississippi River and its two tributaries- the Missouri and the Ohio, two great rivers on the Pacific coast the Colorado and the Columbia, the Rio Grande River, the Hudson River and the Potomac. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes including Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.4. What are the benefits of the lakes, rivers and seacoasts of the United States?The Lakes and rivers form a complete system of water ways which provides cheap transportation for materials. Many swift rivers provide good sources of hydroelectric power. The long and irregular seacoasts provide many excellent harbors.5. What are the factors which influence the climate of the United States?The most important factors are the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. The western mountain ranges have an important effect on the climate of the Far West.6. How many types of climate can be found in the United States? What are they?Six types of climate can be found in the United States. They are the humid continental climate in the northeastern part of the country, the humid subtropical climate in the southeastern United States, the continental steppe climate of the Great Plains, the continental desert climate of the intermountain region, the maritime climate in the Pacific northwest and the Mediterranean climate in the southern part of the Pacific coast.7. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they?Traditionally from the east to west the United States can be divided into seven geographical region. They areNew England, the Middle Atlantic States, the Midwest, the South, the Great Plains, Rockies and Intermountain region or the American West, the Pacific Coast and the New States.8. What are the major economic activities of the Midwest and the South of the United States?The Midwest has the most developed agriculture. It is also a major manufacturing region and the nation’s leading centre of heavy industry. The South is rich in mineral resources and has light as well as heavy industries. It produces over half of the petroleum. It contains 90% of the American textile industry. It has a large agriculture. 9. Why is the tourist trade so important in the American West?Because much of the Rocky mountain area is too mountainous for grazing, and very little of it is usable farmland. And the government has set aside large areas of land as national parks.10. List three geographical differences between Alaska and Hawaii.The two states have many contrasts. Alaska occupies the north-western corner of North America. It extends northward into the Arctic Circle. Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean in the tropic. Alaska has the largest land area of all the states, and Hawaii has one of the smallest land areas.。

范文英语国家概况-加拿大(Canada).pptx

An Introduction to Canadian Culture
Marc Upton
精品文档
1
Native Americans lived in Canada for thousands of years. In the early 1600s, colonists from Britain and France began to settle in eastern Canada, along the St. Lawrence River. Canada proved to be an excellent spot for trapping and trading of furs. In the 1800s, settlers began to push west. Most of the native Americans were displaced by the Europeans.
The provinces or territories have responsibility for things like education, highways, healthcare, and welfare8.
In areas with a municipal government, the municipal government is responsible for local matters like firefighting and city streets12.
7% of Canada’s land mass is covered with over 2 million lakes, the largest being the Northwest Territories’ Great Bear Lake4.

英语国家概况加拿大篇

农业是国民经济的主要支柱。其中石油行业一直是加拿大经济增长的主要动力，推动加拿大贸易转亏为
盈，并有大量的投资。

加拿大联邦和各省政府经营多种国际保险业务成为经济一大亮点，包括出口信用保险和投资保险。
保险业资产位居加拿大金融业第二位。目前加拿大非寿险公司有近400家。
农业食品业是加拿大经济的重要组成部分，占其国内生产总值的8%。产物主要有：小麦、燕麦、大豆、油菜籽、大麦、红肉类（牛、猪和羊）、水果、蔬菜、酒类、烟草、饮料等，约60%出口美国。
the Canadian state enterprise, Canadian post, Canadian railway Supreme Court judge, Canadian
federal government agencies, etc..
司法机关 The Judiciary
加拿大最高法院由1名大法官和8名陪审法官组成，主要仲裁联邦和各省上诉的重大政治、法律、有关宪法问题以及重大民事和刑事案件。最高法院的裁决为终审裁决。最高法院法官均由总理提名，总督任命， 75岁退休。
来自印度、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡的南亚
移民人口达到130万，超过华裔成为加
拿大最大的少数族裔。华裔人口中25%
的人是在加拿大本土出生的，其余大部
分来自中国大陆、香港和台湾。
移民 Immigration

加拿大是世界上移民率最高的国家之一，主要是受该国的经济政策和家庭移
民政策影响。2012年，有257887人移民至加拿大。加拿大政府预计在未来几年，
【工业】 2014年加制造业总产值1732.67亿加元，占国内生产总值的8.8％，从业人员 171万，占全国就业人口的9.6％。建筑业总产值1173.81亿加元，占国内生产总值的7.2 ％，从业人员137.1万，占全国就业人口的7.7％。

英语国家概况-加拿大(Canada)

Currency
All of Canada uses the Canadian Dollar20.
There are no 1 or 2 dollar bills in Canada, they have been replaced by the 1 and 2 dollar coins – the “loonie” and the “toonie”20.
Canada is the 10th largest exporter of oil and the 3rd largest exporter of natural gas in the world17. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States, including; oil, gas, uranium, and also electric power8.
Some of Canada’s natural resources are; iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower8.
In history, the Canadian dollar has usually been at least a bit weaker than the United States dollar, but recently the trend has changed8.

英语国家概况作业加拿大

Part Three CanadaUnit one The Land and the PeopleWords and expressions1.Arctic Ocean n. 北冰洋2.contrast [kən'trɑ:st, -'træst, 'kɔntrɑ:st, -træst]vi. 对比；形成对照vt. 使对比；使与…对照n. 对比；差别；对照物3.territory ['teritəri] n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图[复数territories ]4.renown [ri'naun] n. 声誉；名望vt. 使有声望5.topography[tə'pɔɡrəfi] n. 地势；地形学；地志[复数topographies ]6.gigantic[,dʒai'ɡæntik] adj. 巨大的，庞大的7.rocky['rɔki] adj. 岩石的，多岩石的；坚如岩石的；摇晃的；头晕目眩的[比较级rockier 最高级rockiest ]8.marshy['mɑ:ʃi] adj. 沼泽的；湿地的[比较级marshier 最高级marshiest ]9.uninhabitable[,ʌnin'hæbitəbl] adj. 不适宜居住的10.rim[rim] n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈vi. 作…的边，装作于vt. 作…的边，装边于[过去式rimmed 过去分词rimmed 现在分词rimming ]11.reservoir['rezəvwɑ:] n. 水库；蓄水池12.glacier['ɡlæsjə] n. 冰河，冰川13.estuary['estjuəri] n. 河口；江口[复数estuaries ]14.volume['vɔlju:m] n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vi. 成团卷起vt. 把…收集成卷15.navigation[,nævi'ɡeiʃən] n. 航行；航海16.recreational[,rekri'eiʃənəl; -kri:-] adj. 消遣的；娱乐的17.hydroelectric[,haidrəui'lektrik] adj. 水力发电的；水电治疗的18.navigable['næviɡəbl] adj. 可航行的；可驾驶的；适于航行的19.salmon['sæmən] n. 鲑鱼；大马哈鱼；鲑肉色adj. 浅澄色的[复数salmons ]20.northerly['nɔ:ðəli] adj. 北方的，向北的；来自北方的adv. 向北；来自北方n. 北风[复数northerlies ]21.prominent['prɔminənt]adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的[比较级more prominent 最高级most prominent ]22.elevation[,eli'veiʃən] n. 高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图23.prairies n. （美）大草原（prairie的复数）24.facilitate[fə'siliteit] vt. 促进；帮助；使容易[过去式facilitated 过去分词facilitated 现在分词facilitating ]25.Appalachian Mountains阿巴拉契亚山脉26.St. Lawrence River圣劳伦斯河27.erode[i'rəud] vt. 腐蚀，侵蚀；磨去；磨损；蜕变：28.fishery['fiʃəri] n. 渔业；渔场；水产业[复数fisheries ]29.forestry['fɔristri] n. 林业；森林地；林学30.lowland['ləulænd] n. 低地；苏格兰低地adj. 低地的；苏格兰低地的31.outlets n. 出路；销售点；排水口；批发商点（outlet的复数形式）32.shield[ʃi:ld] n. 盾；防护物；保护者vt. 遮蔽；包庇；避开；保卫vi. 防御；起保护作用33.pasture['pɑ:stʃə, 'pæs-] n. 草地；牧场；牧草vt. 放牧；吃草[过去式pastured 过去分词pastured 现在分词pasturing ]34.buffalo['bʌfələu] n. [畜牧][脊椎] 水牛；[脊椎] 野牛（产于北美）；水陆两用坦克[复数buffaloes或buffalos或buffalo 过去式buffaloed 过去分词buffaloed 现在分词buffaloing ]35.basin['beisən] n. 水池；流域；盆地；盆36.dense[dens] adj. 稠密的；浓厚的；愚钝的[比较级denser 最高级densest ]37.barren['bærən] adj. 贫瘠的；不生育的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的n. 荒地38.temperate['tempərit] adj. 温和的；适度的；有节制的[比较级more temperate 最高级most temperate ]prise[kəm'praiz] vt. 包含；由…组成[过去式comprised 过去分词comprised 现在分词comprising ]40.tundra['tʌndrə] n. [生态] 苔原；[地理] 冻原；冻土地带41.permafrost['pə:məfrɔ:st] n. 永久冻土，永久冻地；永久冻结带；永久冰冻42.damp[dæmp] vt. 使潮湿；使阻尼；使沮丧，抑制vi. 减幅，阻尼；变潮湿n. 潮湿，湿气adj. 潮湿的[比较级damper 最高级dampest ]43.maritime['mæritaim] adj. 1.海的，海事的，海上的，沿海的，近海的2.滨海居住的3.海员的；具有海员特点的；水手的44.blizzard['blizəd] n. 暴风雪，大风雪；大打击vi. 下暴风雪45.indigenous[in'didʒinəs] adj. 本土的；土著的；国产的；固有的46.ratio['reiʃiəu, -ʃəu] n. 比率，比例[复数ratios ]47.descent[di'sent] n. 下降；血统；袭击vt. 除去…的气味；使…失去香味48.intermarry[,intə'mæri] vi. 通婚；近亲结婚[过去式intermarried 过去分词intermarried 现在分词intermarrying ]49.uneven[,ʌn'i:vən] adj. 不均匀的；不平坦的；[数] 奇数的50.sparsely['spa:sli] adv. 稀疏地；贫乏地51.seaport['si:pɔ:t] n. 海港；港口都市52.mobility[məu'biləti] n. 移动性；机动性；[电子] 迁移率53.vigorous['viɡərəs] adj. 有力的；精力充沛的54.refugee[,refju'dʒi:, 'refjudʒi:] n. 难民，避难者；流亡者，逃亡者55.pledge[pledʒ] 1.誓约，誓言；保证，诺言 2.保人，保证者；保证物3.信物；定钱；(象征爱情的)孩子4.祝酒；干杯；祝愿5.字据；协议6.抵押，典押7.典当物，抵押品；抵押者8.[美国英语]答应加入一组织正式成为会员前有一段考核期间者，预备会员56.proclamation[,prɔklə'meiʃən] n. 公告；宣布；宣告；公布57.amend[ə'mend] vt. 修改；改善，改进vi. 改正，改善；改过自新58.asylum[ə'sailəm] n. 庇护；收容所，救济院59.cavalry['kævəlri] n. 骑兵；装甲兵；装甲部队[复数cavalries ]60.permeat n. 渗透水61.elite[ei'li:t, i'li:t] n. 精英；精华；中坚分子62.recruit[ri'kru:t] n. 招聘；新兵；新成员vt. 补充；聘用；征募；使…恢复健康vi. 复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康63.desperate['despərət] adj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的64.bolster['bəulstə] n. 支持；长枕vt 支持；支撑65.disperse[dis'pə:s] vt. 分散；使散开；传播vi. 分散adj. 分散的过去分词dispersed 现在分词dispersing ]Simple Questions1.How many provinces and territories is Canada composed of? What are they?Ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are Y ukon Territory, North west Territory, and Nunavut.2.What are the major mountains in Canada? Which peak is the highest in Canada?The major mountains in Canada are the Western Cordillera, the Appalachian Mountains and Torngat Mountains of northern Labrador. The highest peak is 洛根峰3.How many lakes are there in Canada? What are the major lakes in Canada?There may be as many as two million lakes in Canada. The major lakes are the Great Lake(Lake Michigan is not in Canada),Lake Superior and Lake Huron.4.How many geographical regions can Canada divided into? What are they?Canada is usually divided into six geographical regions: the Appalachian Mountains, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Canadian Shield, the Canadian Interior Plains, the Western Cordillera, and the Canadian Arctic.5.Where is the Canadian Shield? What are the features of the Canadian Shield?Canadian Shield is located in the west of Nunavut Territory and in the north of Ontario and Quebec.The region is the biggest and the most distinctive natural and geographical region in Canada, and occupies an area of 3.6 million sq km, accounting for 36 per cent of the area of the whole country.6.What are the climatic conditions in different regions of Canada?Canada is a country of vast coastlines and diverse weather. The country is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.Frozen more than half of the year, Hudson Bay greatly influences eastern Canada’s climate, facilitating the southward penetration of cold arctic air. The Gulf Stream makes the southeast of Canada warmer, but its effects are limited. The icy Labrador Current dramatically reduces the temperature in the northeast of the country. The summer months warm the Prairie Provinces in the West. Cities along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts such as Halifax and V ancouver have mild climates similar to Boston or Seattle.7.Where are the major urban centers in Canada? Which city is the largest?In the southern parts of Ontario and Quebec. Toronto is the largest city.8.Where are the regions where the French Canadians or the British Canadiansconcentrate respectively?Montreal and Quebec9.What are the major Indigenous groups in Canada?The Inuit and the Indians10.What are the major groups of immigrants in Canada?Refugees fleeing political persecution, family members of Canadian citizens and independent immigrants.Unit Two HistoryWords and expressions1.intrigue[in'tri:ɡ; 'in-] n. 1.阴谋，诡计；密谋，策划2.私通2.tragic['trædʒik] adj. 悲剧的；悲痛的，不幸的比较级more tragic 最高级most tragic ]3.occurrence[ə'kə:rəns, -'kʌ-] n. 发生；出现；事件；发现4.abound[ə'baund] vi. 富于；充满5.unveiling[,ʌn'veiliŋ] adj. 揭幕的n. 除去遮盖物；公开；揭幕式除去面纱（unveil的ing形式）6.forge[fɔ:dʒ] n. 熔炉，锻铁炉；铁工厂vi. 伪造；做锻工vt. 伪造；锻造[ 过去分词forged 现在分词forging ]7.temporary['tempərəri] adj. 暂时的，临时的n. 临时工，临时雇员[复数temporaries ]8.derive[di'raiv] vt. 源于；得自vi. 起源[过去式derived 过去分词derived 现在分词deriving ]9.stormy['stɔ:mi] adj. 暴风雨的；猛烈的；暴躁的[比较级stormier 最高级stormiest ]10.dedication[,dedi'keiʃən] n. 奉献；献身11.raid[reid] n. 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫vi. 对…进行突然袭击vt. 袭击，突袭12.outnumber[,aut'nʌmbə] vt. 数目超过；比…多13.fortress['fɔ:tris] n. 堡垒；要塞vt. 筑要塞；以要塞防守[复数fortresses ]14.cede[si:d] vt. 放弃；割让（领土）[过去式ceded 过去分词ceded 现在分词ceding ]15.revolt[ri'vəult, -'vɔ:lt] vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶vt. 使反感；使恶心n. 反抗；叛乱；反感16.lieutenant-governor副督17.executive[iɡ'zekjutiv] adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员18.legislative['ledʒislətiv] adj. 立法的；有立法权的n. 立法权；立法机构19.assembly[ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合[复数assemblies ]20.rebellion[ri'beljən] n. 叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从21.opponent[ə'pəunənt] n. 对手；反对者；敌手adj. 对立的；敌对的itia[mi'liʃə] n. 民兵组织；自卫队；义勇军；国民军23.veto['vi:təu] n. 否决权vt. 否决；禁止vi. 否决；禁止[复数vetoes 过去式vetoed 过去分词vetoed 现在分词vetoing ]24. federalism ['fedərəlizəm] n. 联邦制；联邦主义25.coalition[,kəuə'liʃən] n. 联合；结合，合并26.implement['implimənt, 'impliment] vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n. 工具，器具；手段27.nominate['nɔmineit, 'nɔminət, -neit] vt. 推荐；提名；任命；指定[过去式nominated 过去分词nominated 现在分词nominating ]28.federation['fedəreiʃən] n. 联合；联邦；联盟；联邦政府29.financier[fai'nænsiə] vi. 欺骗；从事欺骗性金融活动vt. 对…提供资金n. 金融家；投资家30.regime[rei'ʒi:m; ri-; ri'dʒi:m] n. 1.政体；政权；统治方式2.社会制度；体制3.当政时期，政权的持续时间；统治时期4.常规强化训练31.assurance[ə'ʃuərəns] n. 保证；保险；确信；断言32.cluster['klʌstə] n. 群；簇；丛；串vi. 群聚；丛生vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围33.sovereignty['sɔvrənti, 'sʌv-] n. 主权；主权国家；君主；独立国[复数sovereignties ]34.concession[kən'seʃən] n. 让步；特许（权）；承认；退位35.tariff['tærif] n. 1.关税表；税表；(进口商品)征税制度2.关税；关税率3.收费表；价目表4.[美国口语]账单；费用5.[主英国英语](写有价目的)菜单vt. 1.对…征收关税；为…定税率2.按税率为…定收费标准36.recruit[ri'kru:t] n. 招聘；新兵；新成员vt. 补充；聘用；征募；使…恢复健康vi. 复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康37.casualty['kæʒjuəlti] n. 意外事故；伤亡人员；急诊室[复数casualties ]38.ammunition[,æmju'niʃən] n. 弹药；军火vt. 装弹药于vi. 装弹药39.reliance[ri'laiəns] n. 信赖；信心；受信赖的人或物40.herald['herəld] n. 先驱；传令官；报信者vt. 通报；预示…的来临41.subordinate[sə'bɔ:dinət, -neit, sə'bɔ:dineit] n. 下属，下级；部属，属下adj. 从属的；次要的vt. 使……居下位；使……服从[过去式subordinated 过去分词subordinated 现在分词subordinating ]42.allegiance[ə'li:dʒəns] n. 效忠，忠诚；忠贞43.bondage['bɔndidʒ] n. 奴役，束缚；奴役身份44.submarine['sʌbməri:n, ,sʌbmə'ri:n] n. 潜水艇；海底生物adj. 海底的；水下的vt. 用潜水艇攻击vi. 在下疾行；在下滑动[过去式submarined 过去分词submarined 现在分词submarining ]45.aircrew['εəkru:] n. 全体机组人员46.defence[di'fens] n. 防御；防卫；答辩；防卫设备47.referendum[,refə'rendəm] n. 公民投票权；外交官请示书[复数referendums或referenda ]48.postwar['pəust'wɔ:] adj. 战后的n. 战后时期adv. 战后；在战后49.maple-leaf槭树叶50.constitutional[,kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] adj. 宪法的；本质的；体质上的；保健的n. 保健散步；保健运动51.agitation[,ædʒi'teiʃən] n. 激动；搅动；煽动；烦乱52.allege[ə'ledʒ] vt. 宣称，断言；提出…作为理由[过去式alleged 过去分词alleged 现在分词alleging53.separatist['sepərətist] n.1.分离主义者，独立主义者(尤指宗教或政治上的分离主义者)2.[S-](英国16～17世纪)脱离国教者adj.分离主义者的，独立主义者的；分离主义者的，独立主义者的54.liberty['libəti] n.1.(不受专横统治的)自由；(政治上的)独立2.(不受束缚、奴役或监禁的)自由；释放，解放3.权利[亦作civil liberties, political liberty]4.自由活动的范围5.自由活动于某地(或使用某地)的权利6.(海员、水兵等的)上岸许可时间7.[常用复数]冒昧；失礼；放肆；越轨；过于亲昵的言行8.特权(如自治权、选举权、参政权等)，特许9.(硬币上的)自由女神像10.[亦作复数][英国英语]特许区域；特别行政区11.【哲学】意志自由55.ratify['rætifai] vt. 批准；认可；签署生效：56.secession[si'seʃən] n. 脱离；分离57.eliminate[i'limineit] vt. 消除；排除[过去式eliminated 过去分词eliminated 现在分词eliminating ]58.deficit['defisit] n. 赤字；不足额59.scandal['skændəl] n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤[过去式scandalled或scandaled 过去分词scandalled或scandaled 现在分词scandalling或scandaling ]60.tremendouslyadj.1.巨大的，极大的2.可怕的；望而生畏的；令人恐惧的3.[口语]绝妙的，了不起的，惊人的61.invasion[in'veiʒən] n. 入侵，侵略；侵袭；侵犯62.garrison['ɡærisən] n. 要塞；卫戍部队vt. 驻防；守卫Simple Questions1.Who were the first inhabitants in Canada? What is the meaning of the name “Kanata”?The first inhabitants are believed to have come to Canada from Asia about 12,000 years ago.“Kanata” means a village or settlement.2.Which country first established colonies in Canada? When and where was the colonyestablished?Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which established the province of Quebec out of the inhabited portion of New France located in the lower St. Lawrence V alley.3.How did the Seven Y ears’ War break out? What was the result of the war?During 1756-1763, the fortress of Quebec had previously withstood attacks, but this time, the British army was victorious in a brief battle outside the walls of Quebec in 1759.The result was France officially ceded New France to Britain.4.What is the significance of the Quebec Act (1774), the Constitution Act of 1791, and theBritish North America Act?○1In 1774, the British passed a law (the Quebec Act) that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.○2The Constitution Act of 1791 gave each of Canada’s provinces a lieutenant-governor, an executive council, a legislative council, and a legislative assembly. Only the assembly was elected by the people.○3The colonial delegates made some small changes to the resolutions and the result was the British North America Act, which was passed by the British Parliament.5.How is a responsible government defined?Upper Canada and lower Canada be united, and that they be given a system of government that they be given a system of government that would give more power to the elected members of the Assembly.6.What were the effects of the Gold Rush?The Gold Rush produced some beneficial effect. As miners swarmed into western Canada from the United States and other parts of the world, the unpopulated prairie lands were furtherexplored and cultivated. Another favorable outcome was that Gold Rush led to the discovery of other minerals in the Canadian wilds.7.When and how did Canada become an independent country?Rt. Hon. Vincent Massey became the first native-born Canadian Governor General when he was sworn into office in 1952. With the formal dedication by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱand President Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States, the St. Lawrence Seaway was opened in 1959.8.How did the Separatist Movement in Quebec proceed?Unit Three EconomyWords and expressions1.surplus['sə:plʌs, -pləs] n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩adj. 剩余的；过剩的[复数surpluses ]2.hewer['hju:ə] n. 煤矿工；砍伐者3.endow[in'dau] vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有4.arable land耕地；可耕土地5.timber['timbə] n.1.木材，木料2.(盖房、造船等用的)木料；横木；栋木，横梁[美国英语亦作lumber]3.[总称]树木；树林，森林4.(人的)性格；素质；才能，才干5.【船舶学】肋材；肋骨；船材；船骨6.[英国英语]【狩猎】(猎狐时用的)木栅栏vt.1.用木材作骨架；以木材支撑2.以林木覆盖adj.木材的；木制的interj.(伐木工在树木倒下前的呼喊声)顺山倒啦!6.extract[ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt] vt. 提取；取出；摘录；榨取n. 汁；摘录；榨出物；选粹7.exploit['eksplɔit, ik's-] vt. 开发，开拓；剥削；开采n. 勋绩；功绩8.nickel['nikəl] n. 镍；镍币；五分镍币vt. 镀镍于[过去式nickelled 过去分词nickelling或nickeled 现在分词nickeling ]9.asbesto n. 石棉；防火布9.potassium[pə'tæsjəm] n. [化学] 钾10.zinc[ziŋk] vt. 镀锌于…；涂锌于…；用锌处理n. 锌[过去式zincked或zinced 过去分词zincked或zinced 现在分词zincking或zincing ]11.uranium[ju'reiniəm] n. [化学] 铀12.cod[kɔd] n. [鱼] 鳕鱼；愚弄；哄骗vi. 欺骗；愚弄vt. 愚弄；欺骗[复数cod或cods ]13.deteriorate[di'tiəriəreit] vi. 恶化，变坏vt. 恶化[过去式deteriorated 过去分词deteriorated 现在分词deteriorating ]14.receipt[ri'si:t] n. 收到；收据；收入vt. 收到15.barley['bɑ:li] 1.【植物】大麦(Hordeum vulgare) 2.大麦粒16.maize[meiz] adj. 黄色的，玉米色的n. 玉米；黄色，玉米色17.tobacco[tə'bækəu] n. 烟草，烟叶；烟草制品；抽烟[复数tobaccos或tobaccoes ]18.soybean['sɔibi:n] n. 大豆；黄豆19.livestock['laivstɔk] n. 牲畜；家畜20.poultry['pəultri] n. 家禽21.syrup['sirəp, 'sə:-] n. 糖浆，果汁；含药糖浆22.pulp[pʌlp] n.1.浆；糊状2.果子的柔软多汁部分；果肉3.(植物的)髓，(植物的)肉质部分4.牙髓5.浆状物；纸浆6.矿浆；矿粉7.[美国英语]低级杂志，印刷很坏的低级趣味杂志[参较slick]8.稠白铅团vt.1.使捣成浆状：to pulp grapes把葡萄捣烂2.把…捣成纸浆：to pulp old books把旧书制成纸浆3.除去(咖啡豆等的)果肉vi.变成浆状23.coniferous[kəu'nifərəs] adj. 结球果的；松柏科的24.herring['heriŋ] n. 鲱（又称青鱼）[复数herrings或herring ]25.lobster['lɔbstə] n. 龙虾[复数lobster ]26.scallop['skɔləp, 'skæ-] n. 扇贝，干贝vt. 使成扇形vi. 拾扇贝27.halibut['hælibət] n. [鱼] 大比目鱼（复数halibut）[复数halibuts或halibut ]28.intrusion[in'tru:ʒən] n. 侵入；闯入29.potash['pɔtæʃ] n. [无化] 碳酸钾；草碱；苛性钾；钾化合物30.cadmium['kædmiəm] n. [化学] 镉（元素符号Cd）31.platinum['plætinəm] n. [化学] 铂；白金；唱片集达100万张的销售量；银灰色adj. 唱片集已售出100万张的32.gypsum['dʒipsəm] vt. 用石膏处理；施石膏肥料于n. 石膏；石膏肥料33.cobalt[kəu'bɔ:lt] n. 【化学】钴(元素符号Co)34.titanium[tai'teiniəm, ti-] n. [化学] 钛（金属元素）35.molybdenum[mɔ'libdinəm] n. [化学] 钼（金属元素，符号Mo，原子序号42）36.crude[kru:d] adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的n. 原油；天然的物质[比较级cruder 最高级crudest ]crude oil [化]原油crude protein 粗蛋白；天然蛋白质crude drug 天然药heavy crude 重质原油crude fat 粗脂肪crude fiber 粗纤维crude steel 粗钢；原钢；粗铁sour crude 含硫原油；酸性原油light crude 轻质原油crude production 原油的开采；半成品crude extract n. 粗提物，粗抽提物；粗提取液crude benzol [化]粗苯crude product 粗制品crude petroleum 原油sour crude oil 酸性原油，含硫原油sweet crude 低硫原油crude gas 原煤气；不纯煤气benchmark crude 标准原油crude phenol n. 粗酚adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的rough , native , robust , raw , coarse37.kilowatt['kiləuwɔt] n. [电] 千瓦（功率单位）38.revenue['revənju:, -nu:] n. 税收，国家的收入；收益39.monetary ['mʌnitəri] adj.1.【经济学】货币的，金融的2.金钱的，用货币的40.high-tech['hai'tek] adj. 高科技的，高技术的；仿真技术的n. 高科技41.service trade服务业；劳务贸易42.foreign-owned foreign-owned enterprise 外资企业foreign-owned company 外国公司foreign-owned bank 外资银行43.susceptible[sə'septəbl] adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的n. 易得病的人[比较级more susceptible 最高级most susceptible ]Simple Questions1.What major natural resources are found in each province and territory of Canada?Forest resources and mineral reserves2.Where are the major agricultural regions in Canada?Farms in Canada mainly concentrate in two areas: one is the southern part of the three Prairie Provinces and the other is the plain area along the St. Lawrence River and to the east of the Great Lakes region.3.Why is forestry so important to the Canadian economy?The industry accounted for 3 per cent of Canada’s GDP in 2003 and 11 per cent of goods exported.4.What are the regions where fishery is highly developed? What kinds of fish doCanadians catch in different regions?Fishing fields in Canada mainly spread in four regions: eastern coast, western coast, the Hudson Bay, inland rivers and Lakes.Cod, herring, crab, lobster and scallops have been the most important varieties of fish caught off the Atlantic Coast and halibut and salmon off the Pacific Coast.5.Why is the Canadian fur industry so important?The fur industry is one of the earliest industries developed in Canada.6.What are the major mineral resources in Canada?Uranium, zinc, potash, nickel, elemental sulfur, asbestos, cadmium, platinum gypsum, copper, lead, cobalt, titanium and molybdenum.7.In which regions are there huge reserves of oil and natural gas in Canada?Alberta8.What are the regions where manufacturing is most developed in Canada?Ontario9.How important is tourism to the Canadian economy?As the seventh largest tourist economy in the world, Canada attracts more than 40 million tourists from all over the world annually.10.What is the Canadian foreign trade pattern? Who are the major trading partners ofCanada?The United StatesUnit four Political InstitutionsWords and expressions1.federation ['fedəreiʃən]n. 联合；联邦；联盟；联邦政府2.territorial [,teri'tɔ:riəl] adj. 领土的；区域的；土地的；地方的n. 地方自卫队士兵3.autonomy [ɔ:'tɔnəmi] n. 自治，自治权[复数autonomies ]4.parliamentary [pɑ:lə'mentəri] adj. 议会的；国会的；议会制度的5.constitutional [,kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] adj. 宪法的；本质的；体质上的；保健的n. 保健散步；保健运动6.monarchy ['mɔnəki] n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治[复数monarchies ]7.executive [iɡ'zekjutiv] adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员8.legislative ['ledʒislətiv] adj. 立法的；有立法权的n. 立法权；立法机构9.judic ial [dʒu:'diʃəl] adj. 公正的，明断的；法庭的；审判上的10.amendment [ə'mendmənt] n. 修正案；改善；改正11.stipulate ['stipjuleit] vi. 规定；保证vt. 规定；保证adj. 有托叶的[过去式stipulated 过去分词stipulated 现在分词lating ]12.jurisdiction [,dʒuəris'dikʃən] n. 司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限，权力13.copyright ['kɔpi,rait] n. 版权，著作权adj. 版权的；受版权保护的vt. 保护版权；为…取得版权14.indigenous [in'didʒinəs] adj. 本土的；土著的；国产的；固有的merce ['kɔmə:s] n. 贸易，商业[过去式commerced 过去分词commerced 现在分词commercing ] 16.concurrent [kən'kʌrənt] adj. 并发的；一致的；同时发生的n. [数] 共点；同时发生的事件17.imitation [,imi'teiʃən] n. 模仿，仿造；仿制品adj. 人造的，仿制的18.sovereignty ['sɔvrənti, 'sʌv-] n. 主权；主权国家；君主；独立国[复数sovereignties ]19.enforceable [in'fɔ:səbl] adj. 可实施的；可强行的；可强迫的20.resentment [ri'zentmənt] n. 愤恨，怨恨21.NEW FOUNDLAND TIME ZONE 纽芬兰时区22.separatist ['sepərətist] n. 分离主义者；独立派adj. 分离主义者的23.legitimacy [li'dʒitiməsi] n. 合法；合理；正统24.judic iary [dʒu:'diʃiəri] n. 司法部；法官；司法制度adj. 司法的；法官的；法院的[复数judiciaries ]25.interpreter [in'tə:pritə] n. 解释者；口译者；注释器26.misconduct[,mis'kɔndʌkt, ,miskən'dʌkt] n. 不端行为；处理不当vt. 处理不当；行为不检27.senator['senətə] n. 参议员；（古罗马的）元老院议员；评议员，理事28.umpire['ʌmpaiə] vi. 当裁判，任裁判vt. 仲裁，裁判n. 裁判员，仲裁人[过去式umpired 过去分词umpired 现在分词umpiring ]29.allocation[,æləu'keiʃən] n. 分配，配置；安置30.appointee[ə,pɔin'ti:] n. 被任命者31.pledge[pledʒ] n. 保证，誓言；抵押；抵押品，典当物vt. 保证，许诺；用……抵押；举杯祝……健康[过去式pledged 过去分词pledged 现在分词pledging ]32.fiscal responsibility33.involvement[in'vɔlvmənt] n. 牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难34.likewise['laikwaiz] adv. 同样地；也35.right-wing['raitwiŋ] adj. 右翼的；右派的36.breakaway['breikə,wei] n. 分离；脱逃37.dissolve[di'zɔlv] vt. 使溶解；使分解；使液化vi. 溶解；解散；消失n. 叠化画面；画面的溶暗[过去式dissolved 过去分词dissolved 现在分词dissolving ]38.constituency[kən'stitjuənsi] n. （选区的）选民；支持者；（一批）顾客[复数constituencies ]39.equivalent[i'kwivələnt] adj. 等价的，相等的；同意义的n. 等价物，相等物Simple Questions1.What are the components of the present Canadian Constitution?The most important components include the British North America Act of 1867, the constitutional amendments passed from 1867 to 1975 and the Constitution of 1982.2.What is the function of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?The Charter guarantees fundamental freedoms to citizens, such as freedom of belief and freedom of the press. Additionally, it also guarantees the right to vote and seek election, to enjoy security of person and to combat discrimination.3.What roles does the Governor General of Canada play?At one time, the Governor General controlled the government in Canada, but today, he or she has very little power except in very unusual cases.4.What is the Canadian Parliament composed of?The Governor General, an elected House of Commons and an appointed Senate5.How does the Senate in Canada function?The Senate seldom opposes the wishes of the House of Commons. The Senate can delay the passage of a bill or suggest changes.6.How is Cabinet solidarity defined in Canada?The principle that all Cabinet ministers are expected to defend all decisions7.What are the major political parties in Canada?The Progressive Conservative, the Liberals and the New Democratic Party8.How is one party rule defined?One major party usually can win many elections and dominate Canadian politics for so long that it becomes the main ruling party.9.How is a first-past-the-post system defined?The candidate with the largest number of votes is declared the winner.10.How is the Canadian Prime Minister elected?When there are two or more opposition parties, it may well be the case that more voters actually vote against than for the successful candidate. However, since the successful candidate has received the greatest number of votes he or she is declared the winner. The winner of each constituency obtains a seat in the House of Commons. The party that has the largest number of seats forms the government.Unit Five Social and Cultural LifeWords and expressions1.reputation[,repju'teiʃən] n. 名声，名誉；声望2.ecological[,i:kə'lɔdʒikəl, ,ekə-,-'lɔdʒik] adj. 生态的，生态学的3.multicultural[,mʌlti'kʌltʃərəl adj. 多种文化的；融合或具有多种文化的4.bilingual[bai'liŋɡwəl] adj. 双语的n. 通两种语言的人5.heritage['heritidʒ] n. 遗产；传统；继承物；继承权6.insecurity[,insi'kjuərəti] n. 不安全；不牢靠；无把握；心神不定[复数insecurities ]7.embed[im'bed] vt. 栽种；使嵌入，使插入；使深留脑中[过去式embedded 过去分词embedded 现在分词embedding ]8.pension['penʃən] n. 退休金，抚恤金；津贴；膳宿费vt. 发给养老金或抚恤金pension fund 养老基金；退休基金pension insurance 养老保险pension plan 公积金计划；退休金办法；养老计划old-age pension 养老金；退休金pension scheme 退休金计划retirement pension 退休金，养老金old age pension 养老金；退休金supplementary pension 企业年金；辅助退休金n. 退休金，[劳经]抚恤金；津贴；膳宿费retirement pay , subsidy9.maternity[mə'tə:niti] n. 母性，母道；[妇产] 妇产科医院adj. 产科的；产妇的，孕妇的[复数maternities ]10.retirement[ri'taiəmənt] n. 退休，退役11.automatic[,ɔ:tə'mætik adj. 自动的；无意识的；必然的n. 自动机械；自动手枪[比较级more automatic 最高级most automatic ]12.entitlement[in'taitlmənt] n. 权利；津贴13.supplemental[,sʌpli'mentəl] adj. 补充的（等于supplementary）；追加的boratory[lə'bɔrətəri] n. 实验室，研究室[复数laboratories ]15.parliament['pɑ:ləmənt] n. 议会，国会16.criteria[krai'tiəriə] n. 标准，条件（criterion的复数）17.taxation[tæk'seiʃən] n. 课税，征税；税款18.dental['dentəl] adj. 牙科的；牙齿的，牙的n. 齿音19.prescription[pris'kripʃən] n.1.指令；指示2.命令；规定；法规3.药方；处方；处方的药4.旧习；惯例；传统5.解救方法；诀窍6.【法律】(根据传统或长期使用等而)要求权利；(由于长期使用等而)获得权利adj.1.按医生处方配制的2.按医生处方购买的[参较over-the-counter]3.(眼镜等)根据验光单磨制的20.portion['pɔ:ʃən, 'pəu-] n. 部分；一份；命运vt. 分配；给…嫁妆21.spiraling adj. 盘旋的；成螺旋形的v. 盘旋着上升或下降；成螺旋状旋转（spiral的ing形式）22.personnel[,pə:sə'nel] n. 人事部门；全体人员adj. 人员的；有关人事的23.surgery['sə:dʒəri] n. 外科；外科手术；手术室；诊疗室[复数surgeries ]24.vigilant['vidʒilənt] adj. 警惕的；警醒的；注意的；警戒的25.curriculum[kə'rikjuləm] n. 课程[复数curricula或lums ]26.regionalism['ri:dʒənəlizəm]n. 地方主义；地区性；地区特征；行政区域划分27.anglophones['æŋɡləufəun]n. 以英语为母语的人28.cherish['tʃeriʃ]vt. 珍爱；怀抱29.intrusion[in'tru:ʒən]n.1.侵入；闯入2.打扰；干涉；妨碍3.【法律】非法侵入他人土地，非法扣押(或占有)他人财产4.【地质学】侵入，侵入岩浆5.牧师未征得地区教徒同意而就任圣职30.aboriginal[,æbə'ridʒənəl]adj. 土著的；原始的n. 土著居民；土生生物31.implementation[,implimen'teiʃən] n. [计] 实现；履行；安装启用32.degrad33.hinder['hində]vi. 成为阻碍vt. 阻碍；打扰adj. 后面的34.tackle['tækl]n.1.装备；用具；器械；钓具2.滑车；复滑车；辘轳；起重装置3.／'teikl／【航海学】(船的)滑车索具；绞轳4.[美国英语]【橄榄球】(阻截对方抱球队员的)擒抱；抱摔；阻挡；抢夺5.【橄榄球】(后卫与端线区之间的)前锋；阻截球员6.【足球】1.断球；阻截铲球2.阻截球员35.sulfur['sʌlfə]vt. 用硫磺处理n. 硫磺；硫磺色36.nitrogen['naitrədʒən]n. [化学] 氮ration38.assimilate[ə'simileit]vt. 吸收；使同化；把…比作；使相似vi. 吸收；同化[过去式assimilated 过去分词assimilated 现在分词assimilating ] mission[kə'miʃən]n. 委员会；佣金；犯；委任；委任状vt. 委任；使服役；委托制作40.proclaim[prəu'kleim vt. 宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬41.version['və:ʃən]n. 版本；译文；倒转术42.discrimninatory adj. 有辨识力的；差别对待的43.critic['kritik]n. 批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人44.prejudice['predʒudis n. 偏见；侵害vt. 损害；使有偏见[过去式prejudiced 过去分词prejudiced 现在分词prejudicing ] 45.vitality[vai'tæləti] n. 活力，生气；生命力，生动性[复数vitalities ]46.pluralism['pluərəlizəm]n. 多元主义；多元论；兼任47.underlying[,ʌndə'laiiŋ]adj. 潜在的；根本的；在下面的；优先的v. 放在…的下面；为…的基础；优先于（underlie的ing形式）48.ungreasy49.entrail50.quintessentially[,kwinti'senʃəli]adv. 典型地；标准地51.tarmac surface跑道上表面52.curling['kə:liŋ]n. 头发的卷曲；卷缩；冰上溜石游戏v. 卷曲（curl的ing形式）53.offshoot['ɔfʃu:t, 'ɔ:-]n. 分支；支流；衍生物54.counterpart['kauntə,pɑ:t]n. 副本；配对物；极相似的人或物55.myriad['miriəd]n.1.无数2.无数的人(或物)3.[诗歌用语]万，一万adj.1.无数的；大量的2.各种各样的；形形色色的3.[诗歌用语]一万56.metropolitan[,metrə'pɔlitən]adj. 大都市的；大主教辖区的；宗主国的n. 大城市人；大主教；宗主国的公民57.agnostic[æɡ'nɔstik]n. 不可知论者adj. 不可知论的58.athesis59.secularization[,skjuərai'zeiʃən, -ri'z-]n. 世俗化；还俗；把教育与宗教分离60.transcendent[træn'sendənt]adj. 卓越的；超常的；出类拔萃的n. 卓越的人；超绝物61.trend [trend]n. 趋势，倾向；走向vi. 趋向，伸向vt. 使…趋向62.democracy[di'mɔkrəsi]n. 民主，民主主义；民主政治[复数democracies ]63.heritage['heritidʒ]n. 遗产；传统；继承物；继承权Simple Questions1.What are the chief forms of Canadian welfare service?Social welfare spending in Canada now embraces such things as pensions disability protection, unemployment insurance, child benefits, maternity welfare, subsidized housing and free medical care.2.What criteria should the health care system of each province meet according to theCanada Health Act?○1public administration ○2comprehensive benefits ○3university ○4portability3.Which government has the power to administer education in Canada?Through legislation, the provincial governments have the power to interfere, control or guide education in the respective areas of the province.4.What are the major universities in Canada?University of King’s College, McGill University, the University of Toronto, the University du。

英语国家概况-加拿大篇中英翻译

Part ThreeChapter 23Canada’s geography and history加拿大的地理特点：Canada’s geography features:1) 座落于美国的北部，仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国；lies to the north of the US; the world’s second largest country after Russia.2.地形十分复杂：东部山区沿海省份沿劳伦斯湾和大西洋形成不规则的海岸；西部，太平洋沿岸地区被南北走向的山脉分离，其中包括落基山脉；中部是一个大平原；it has an extremely varied topography:the east part is mountainous maritime provinces have an irregular coastline on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic;The west part,the Pacific border is separated from the rest of the country by mountain ranges from north to south including the Rockies; the central part is a vast plain.3.气候不甚宜人，大部分地区冬季既漫长又寒冷，积雪深厚；所以，大多数人都居住在南部边境地区the climate is unfavorable, much of Canada has long and cold winters with deep snow. So,a major part of the population lives along the southern border.4.最高峰是落根峰，主要的两大河流是马更些河与圣劳伦斯河。

英语国家概况课后习题答案完整版

一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following brancheswith the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of WordWar II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introductionof comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independentsystem.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds fromall the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with theexception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 millionviewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic toits and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularlyfrom .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a nationalgovernment.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms ofPresidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the followingexcept .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving112.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil120.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(F)4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F)5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T)6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T)7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(F)8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.(T)9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F)2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T)3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(T)4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.(T)5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.(F)6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.(F)7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".(F)8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(F)9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.(T)10.detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T)Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F)2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F)3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.(F)4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.(T)5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.(F)6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.(F)7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.(F)8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws.(F)9.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their tongue.(F)10.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith.(T)Chapter 8。

英语国家概况之加拿大简介

A Briefing of CanadaCanada is located in the north of North America.It occupying forty one percent of the continent.Canada is the world's second largest country(9,984,670 k㎡) . It extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean.Canada has a small population ,which is only thirty-three million one hundred and forty-three hundred (2008),and more over 70% people live in near the southern of the United States. The population growth rate is moderate,although the positive growth rate is chiefly due to immigration.Canada has a liberal immigration policy that goes to great lengths to accept refugees and asylum seekers from around the world.Canada is the multicultural society which results from the diversity of its people.English and French are the two important languages spoken in Canada with diversity of people.Such as the United States of America which has turned into an ethic melting pot,for Canada not only contains a variety of cultures but promotes and preserves them.Many laws are set up to protect the various cultures from becoming extinct.Canada has taken action to stop racism.The Canadian government was the first to manage a campaign commemorating the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.Canada helps the rest of the world unite and experience a variety of different ethnic backgrounds trying to eliminate racism.The living standard in Canada is very high.The welfare state has developed a wide range of health and social services intended to promote health and well-being.The ownership at home in Canada is in its most unaffordable state since the "housing recession "in 1990.The constitutional arrangement for education in Canada is a provincial responsibility because there is no Department of Education at the federal level and no integrated national system of education,either.Canada is a multi-ethnic country.Therefore,it has colorful and interesting wedding customs.Most Canadians are Catholic or Protestant and their weddingpractice is similar to other Western Christian countries.But in the northern part of Canada ,the Eskimo area,"bride theft" of the age-old custom has been popular with Eskimos.Canadians love sports.The widespread sports are ice hockey,golf baseball,swimming,basketball and tennis.Universities in Canada have self-contained field and facilities,which can provide for not only the professional teams,but also for students.All above are just the general situation of Canada.Now I want to indicate the relationship between Canada and America.Canada common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world. They share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner.When Canada was under the British colonial rule, its foreign relations were controlled by the British government.Although the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established in 1909,the foreign policy was still influenced by the United Kingdom.In 2003,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was separated from the Diplomatic and International Trade Department and functioned as an independent department,which aimed to promote cooperation between Canada and countries.In order to maintain its development and prosperity ,Canada has taken positive attitude in the international and regional affairs.Canada has contributed a lot to promote North-South dialogue,world peace and stability and to assist the poor.In the Canadian value the world order is ruled by law not by the military force.Like the United States, Canada is one of the most religiously divers countries in the world.Canada has no official church ,"God "is mentioned in the preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms,but no specified.Religious pluralisms an important part of the Canadian worship.Relations between Canada and the United States have spanned more than two centuries. This includes a shared British colonial heritage, warfare during the 1770s and 1812, and the eventual development of one of the most successful internationalrelationships in the modern world. Each is the other's chief economic partner and large-scale tourism and migration between the two nations has increased the similarities.The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter-invasions from British-Canadian forces. The border was demilitarized after the war and apart from minor raids has remained peaceful. Canada and the United States of America officially established diplomatic relations in 1927,nevertheless two countries have contracts with each other long before.After its independence,the United States of America once attempted to invade the British North America but was defeated by the British Canadian forces.After that the borders between two countries have remained peaceful despite of minor conflict.After the Second World War,the rise of the United States of America in the world makes the Canadian economic,political and diplomatic focus shift from the United Kingdom to the United States.Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and through NATO. A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada has generated closer ties, especially after the signing of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994.The bilateral relationship is extremely important for both countries.Currently Canada and the United States are the primary trade partners for each other.Canada's economy heavily relies on the United States.They have signed more than one hundred and ninety cooperative agreements involving border,military defense, tariff,labour arbitration,education,environmental protection,fishery and forest protection.Canada also carries out multilateral cooperation with the United States under NATO,APEC,and OAS(Organization of America States).Although two countries have common long-term interests,there are minor conflicts because they are so close to each other.Their repeated trade disputes in fishery and forestry have always existed and Canada's grain export to the United States is charged a dumping duty.The close relationship between Canada and theUnited States is like brothers.They may quarrel sometimes,but their relationship is too important to be seriously damaged by disagreement over short-term issues.Canada and the United States are currently the world's largest trading partners,share the world's longest unmilitarized border,and have significant interoperability within the defence sphere. Recent difficulties have included repeated trade disputes, environmental concerns, Canadian concern for the future of oil exports, and issues of illegal immigration and the threat of terrorism.The foreign policies of the neighbours have been closely aligned since the Cold War and after. Canada has disagreed with American policies regarding the Vietnam War, the status of Cuba, the Iraq War, Missile Defense, and the War on Terrorism. A serious diplomatic debate is whether the Northwest Passage is in international waters or under Canadian jurisdiction.There are close cultural ties between modern day Canada and the United States, advanced in large part because both nations predominately speak English. There are also historical ties between the respective Francophone populations. Pop culture has depicted and parodied the efforts of both nations to solidify their cultural uniqueness-- primarily by Canada, as its population is roughly one tenth that of the United States'-- to deter international perception that Americans and Canadians are virtually identical. Canada remains Americans' favorite foreign nation according to a recent Gallup poll.Nevertheless there remain Canadian fears of being overwhelmed by its neighbour, which is ten times larger in terms of population and economy. James Tagg reports that Canadian university students have a profound fear that "Canadian culture, and likely Canadian sovereignty, will be overwhelmed."The two economies have increasingly merged since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994.From the above,Canada and the United States of America have the long-time friendly relationship.But Canada just like dances with wolves,and must independent rather than depend on America.References1,《大陆的分界：美国与加拿大的价值与制度》，西摩.马丁.利普森，鲁特埃奇出版公司，1990年（Seymour Martin Lipeset,Continental Divide:the Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada ,Routledge,1990）2，《加拿大社会》，鲁迪.芬威克，美国加拿大研究学会，1989年(Rudy Fenwick,Canada Society,The Association for Canadian Studies in the United States,1989)3，《加拿大文化与现代论》，高鉴国，沈阳辽海出版社，1999年4，《英语国家概况》，隋铭才，高等教育出版社，2009年5，.。

英语国家概况-加拿大(Canada)[优质PPT]

Land & Climate
• Canada is the second largest country in thes of land2 varying in climate from permafrost in the north to four distinct seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter nearer the equator3.
• Some of Canada’s natural resources are; iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower8.
• 7% of Canada’s land mass is covered with over 2 million lakes, the largest being the Northwest Territories’ Great Bear Lake4.
• An estimated 14% of the world’s fresh water supply is located in Canada4.
AnIntroductionto CanadianCulture
MarcUpton
CANADA’s HISTORY
Native Americans lived in Canada for thousands of years. In the early 1600s, colonists from Britain and France began to settle in eastern Canada, along the St. Lawrence River. Canada proved to be an excellent spot for trapping and trading of furs. In the 1800s, settlers began to push west. Most of the native Americans were displaced by the Europeans.

英语国家概况Canada

CanadaSymbolsFlag∙“O Canada”The Land and the PeopleGeography∙Second largest country∙It is composed of ten provinces and three territories.∙More lakes and inland water that any other country.∙Most of the country is uninhabitableo Under water, rocky, marshy, and mountainous∙Regions– Can you locate and describe them?o Appalachian Mountains, Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Lowlands, Canadian Shield, Canadian Interior Plains, Western Cordillera, Canadian ArticPopulation∙34,762,600 people∙Native Canadians descended from Mongolians in Asia∙Demographicso Canadian 32%o English 21%o French 15.8%o Scottish 15.1%o Irish 13.9%o German 10.2%o Italian 4.6%o Chinese 4.3%HistoryImportant People∙John Cabot (for England) 1497o First to explore N. America since Vikingso Search for the Northwest Passage∙Jacques Cartier (France) 1534o First to travel inland in North Americao Claimed Canada for France∙Henry Hudson (England) 1607o Attempted to find the Northwest Passageo Crew mutinied in June, 1611 and sent Hudson adrift with his son and some crew.∙Samuel de Champlain (France) 1608o The Father of New Franceo Exploration of New Franceo Founding of Quebec Cityo Fur trade was popular at this time, especially for the highly profitable beaverNew France∙Seven Years War (1756 - 1763)o Conflict with English colonies to the south over trade routes, mostly for fur, especially beaver fur.o The Treaty of Paris ended the war▪New France ceded to Britain▪Britain allowed French colonists to retain language and religion. 1800s∙The United States and Canada fought during the War of 1812∙By the 1830s, Reformers wanted an American-style government and rebelled∙Britain implemented a fair Canadian parliament to unite the countryo Canada became a confederation1900s∙Canada relied more on the US than Britain for imports and exports.∙World War I and II helped strengthen the economy.∙In 1931, Canada became an independent country but still part of the Common Wealth of NationsThe Quiet Revolution∙An intense relationship between English and French Canadians∙1974, French became the official language of Quebec∙Push for Quebec’s independence∙Attempts to eliminate EnglishSocial and Cultural LifeWelfare∙Protections from the insecurities of modern society.o Pensions, disability protection, unemployment insurance, child benefits,maternity welfare, subsidized housing, and free medical care ∙Pensionso Every Canadian has the right to a pension when they retire.∙Heath careo Responsibility of the provinceso Public heath care is universalo90% of costs covered by the governmentEducation∙Just like its welfare system, education is managed by the 13 legislatures of the provinces and territories.∙Free schooling from kindergarten to grade 12o Grade 13 in Ontario and grade 11 in Quebec∙Depending on the province, school is compulsory from age 6 or 7 to 14 or 16.∙Elementaryo Kindergarten through grades 6 or 7 or 8∙Secondary/high schoolo Up to grades 9 or 10 or 12∙Community collegeso Two to three yearso Trade, vocational, and technical courses∙Universitieso At least three yearso Grant degreesEnvironment∙Environmental Conservation Authority (ECA)o Established in Alberta, it was the first body responsible for environmental issues∙Environment Canadao Federal department for environmental protection∙Attempts to curb acid raino Caused by carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide from vehicles and industry.∙Cleaning up waterways and lakes∙Protecting and replanting forestso Lumber industry + forests = “green gold”∙Extensive national parkso government protected land to preserve wildlife and the environment Multiculturalism∙Most Canadians are either of French or British origin∙The French struggle for a separate identity∙Bilingualism: French and Englisho Most Canadians speak Englisho Official Languages Act (1969)▪Both languages are official languageso Different provinces treat the issue in different ways▪Quebec made French their official language▪Ontario has encouraged bilingual schooling▪Etc.Cultural Life∙Foodo Canadian cuisine varies widely depending on the region.o Three earliest styles of food▪First Nations (Native Canadian cuisine)▪English (British and American cuisine)▪French (French cuisine and winter provisions of fur traders) o Famous for their maple syrup∙Sportso Ice hockey▪Official winter sporto Street hockey▪In the summero Curlingo Lacrosse▪Official summer sporto Canadian footballo Other popular sports: baseball, basketball, American footballHolidayso Canada Day▪July 1st▪Celebrates Canada’s 1867 Confederation and establishment ofdominion statuso Labour Day▪First Monday in September▪Celebrates economic and social achievements of workers o Victoria Day / Queen’s Day▪Monday on or before May 24th▪Celebrates the birthday of the reigning Canadian monarch. Fixed on the birthday of Queen Victoria.o Thanksgiving▪Second Monday in October▪ A day to give thanks for the things one has at the close of the harvest.。

西方国家概况课后加拿大exercise

Understanding Canada Chapter 5 A General SurveyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Canada is made up of ten provinces and three territories.___2. China is slightly larger than Canada.___3. Canada became independent from the United Kingdom in 1867.___4. Ottawa is the largest city of Canada.___5. Christianity is Canada’s most popular religion.II. Multiple Choices6. Where is Canada situated?A. On the north of the United Kingdom. B．On the north of the United States. C．Bordering Russia on the west. D．Bordering South America on the south. 7. Who was Jacques Cartier?A．A British settler.B．A French explorer.C．A Canadian leader.D．The founder of Canada.8. When was "Canada" first used as an official country name?A．In 1791.B．In 1867.C．In 1534.D．In 1664.9. What does the national shield of Canada reflect?A．A combination of British and French cultures.B．A combination of British and Canadian cultures.C．A combination of French and Canadian cultures.D. A combination of British, French, and Canadian cultures.10. What day is the national day of Canada?A. July 4th.B. July 14th.C. July 1st.D. July 10th.III. Gap-filling11. The total area of Canada is ________ square kilometers.12. The population of Canada is______million.13. The capital city of Canada is _______.14. The national languages of Canada are_____ and _____.15. The Canadian currency is ______.IV. Terms Explanation16. Canadian official currency17. The National Flag of Canada18. Canada, O, Canada19. Canada Day20. The National Emblems of Canada Chapter 6 Geography & HistoryI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Canada has the world's longest coastline.___2. Niagara Falls is the highest waterfall in Canada.___3. The French dominated Canada until the 20th century.___4. Canada was involved in both of the World Wars.___5.Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949.II. Multiple Choices6. Which of the Great Lakes is not within Canada but wholly belongs to the USA?A. Lake Huron.B. Lake Michigan.C. Lake Superior.D. Lake Erie.7. The largest city and chief port of British Columbia is _____.A. VancouverB. St. JohnC. VictoriaD. Regina8. _____ describes itself as “The Gateway to the North”.A. CalcaryB. SaskatoonC. EdmontonD. Winnipeg9. How many provinces became a federation on July 1, 1867?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.10. When did Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations?A. In 1949B. In 1970C. In 1972D. In 1969III. Gap-filling11. The capital city of Quebec is _______.12. _____is the largest and newest territory of Canada.13. ______ is the second largest of Canada’s ten provinces in area and the largest in terms of population.14. ______ is known as the garden city of Canada.15. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris,_____ ceded almost all of its territory in North America in 1763.IV. Terms Explanation16. The Canadian Shield17. Mount Logan18. The Maritime Provinces19. The October Crisis (1970)20. Dominion of CanadaChapter 7 Politics & National Economy I．Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. The Governor General is the head of state of Canada.___2. The real law-making power is held by the House of Commons in Canada.___3. There are only two political parties in Canada: Conservatives and Liberals.___4. Agriculture is the mainstay of Canadian economy.___5. Canada exports energy to the United States.II. Multiple Choices6. The leader of the political party that wins the election becomes ____ of Canada.A. the PremierB. the Prime MinisterC. the PresidentD. the Head of State7. How many justices (judges) are there on the Supreme Court of Canada?A. 7.B. 8.C. 9.D. 10.8. The head of the provincial government is _____.A. the governorB. the lieutenant governorC. the provincial ministerD. the premier9. When did Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations?A. In 1949B. In 1970C. In 1972D. In 196910. Which province possesses Canada’s largest deposits of oil and natural gas?A. British ColumbiaB. ManitobaC. Alberta D) OntarioIII. Gap-filling11. Canada's Head of Government is _______12. _____ is the highest court in Canada.13. ______ is the first Canadian prime minister to pay an official visit to PRC.14. Farms in Canada are about equally divided between _____ and _____.15. ______ has the sole right to issue paper money for circulation in Canada.IV. Terms Explanation16. Canada’s political system17. The Governor General of Canada18. The Canadian Parliament19. VIA Rail Canada20. The Trans-Canada HighwayChapter 8 Society & CultureI．Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Canada is a culturally diverse country. ___2. Education policies and practices vary from province to province in Canada.___3. College level education is free toCanadian residents.___4. Three Canadian teams joined the National Basketball Association (NBA) of the US in the 1990s.___5. Montreal hosted Olympic Summer Games of 1976.II. Multiple Choices6. Canadians enjoy an advanced health care system that is universally available to _____.A. Canadian citizens only.B. landed immigrants only.C. Both A and B.D. People living in Canada.7. What are the two streams in Canada’s high school?A. Liberal arts and science.B. Academic and commercial.C. Professional and technical.D. Literature and arts.8. Anne of Green Gables is a world-famous children’s novel by L. M. Montgomery set in rural _____A. OntarioB. the Northwest territories.C. a Prairie provinceD. Prince Edward Island9. Michael Ondaatje, the author of The English Patient, was a(n) _____ before he settled down in Canada.A. IndianB. EnglishC. Sri LankanD. German10. What is Canada's oldest sport?A. Ice skating.B. Lacrosse.C. Ice hockey.D. Hockey.III. Gap-filling11. Canadians see _______as a defining characteristic of their national identity.12. About 45% of all Canadians are of ____ descent, and about 29% are of ____ ancestry.13. The French language universities are mainly found in the Province of ____.14. On July 20, 2005, Canada became the fourth country in the world to legalize ______nationwide15. ____sang “My Heart Will Go On” for Titanic.IV. Terms Explanation16. Winterlude17. Victoria Day18. Tertiary education19. The Contemporary Art Society20. Canada’s bilingual universities。

西方国家概况课后澳大利亚exercise

UnderstandingAustralia & New ZealandChapter 14A General Survey & Geography of AustraliaI. Gap-filling1. Australia is officially called _________________.2. ______________ is the official national anthem of Australia.3. The three largest cities in Australia are _______, ______ and Brisbane.4. ______________ and the Harbor Bridge are the twin landmarks of Sydney.5. ________ is both the festival capital of Australia and its capital of food and wine. 6．__________ is the largest and most sparsely populated state in Australia.7. ______, the capital of Northern Territory, was severely bombed during World War II.8. Australia can be divided into three major topographic regions: ______________, the Central Lowlands and ______________.9. ______________ along the northeast coast of Australia is the world’s largest coral reef ecosystem.10. Australia is home to the _____, the world’s second largest bird aft er the ostrich.II. Terms Explanation11. The coat of arms of Australia12. Australian English13. Uluru14. Great Artesian Basin15. MarsupialIII. Answer the Following Questions16. Where is Australia located?17. What does the Union Jack in the Australian national flag symbolize? How about the Commonwealth Star and the five white stars?18. Why is Australia called a country of migrants?19. What’s the climate like in Darwin?20. Why could so many unique animals have survived and evolved in Australia?Chapter 15History, Politics & Economy of AustraliaI. Gap-filling1. It is accepted that man had spread throughout the Australian continent by_______________ ago.2. The practice that all but European settlers were excluded from colonies wastermed _______________________.3. Since World War II, _______________ has replaced the United Kingdom as theprotector and ally of Australia.4. Under the model of separation of powers, political powers and responsibilities aredistributed among several, often three,branches:_______, ________ and the judiciary.5. Federal legislative power in Australia is vested in a bicameral parliament, consisting of the Queen represented by the Governor-General, _______________ and ___________________.6. A bill becomes a Law only after it has been passed in identical form by both__________ and has been assented to by ____________.7. The three political parties in Australia are ________________________, the National Party of Australia and the Australian Labor Party.8. The ___________ section is dominant in the Australian economy.9. __________________________ is the second-largest equity and options exchange in Asia-Pacific region.10. _______________ is the national coach operator in the country.II. Terms Explanation11. Dreamtime12. The First Fleet13. James Cook14. Statute Law and Common Law15. Big Four BanksIII. Answer the Following Questions16. Why did Britain establish colonies in Australia?17. What is the influence of World War II on Australia's foreign policy?18. How can the Australian Constitution be amended?Chapter 16 Culture & Society of AustraliaI. Decide whether the following statements are true or f alse. Write “T” for true and“F” for false in the space provided.__ 1. The primary basis of Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic until WWII.__ 2. Students do not have to take an examination to enroll in a university inAustralia.__ 3. The Miles Franklin Award is the first literary award in Australia.__ 4. The Australian Open is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments.II. Multiple Choices5. _____ was the first Australian to win a Nobel Prize in literature.A. Henry LawsonB. Adam Lindsay GordonC. Patrick WhiteD. Kylie Tennant6. ______ is the only Australian commemorated in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.A. Henry LawsonB. Adam Lindsay GordonC. Patrick WhiteD. Kylie Tennant7. Australian Day commemorates _____.A. the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove in 1788B．those who fought or served in two world warsC. the founding of Australia as an independent nationD. the discovery of Australia by James Cook8. _____ has replaced the Easter Bunny as the symbol of Easter in Australia.A. The Easter KangarooB. The Easter PlatypusC. The Easter KoalaD. The Easter BilbyIII. Gap-filling9. Education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes__________________, followed by secondary education and _______ _______.10. New citizens receive their citizenship certificates at _________ on Australia Day.11. Australia hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and the 2000 Summer Olympics in _______.12. Australians eat three meals a day and enjoy an afternoon break for。

西方国家概况课后英国exercise

Understanding UK & Ireland Chapter 9 A General Survey of UKI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.___2. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.___3. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.___4. The United Kingdom consist of two main islands—Great Britain and Ireland.II. Multiple Choices5. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four6. Which flower is symbol of England?A. ThistleB. ShamrockC. DaffodilD. Rose7. About two thirds of ____is covered by the Highlands.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern IrelandIII. Match each of the following capitals with its island8. Scotland a) Belfast9. Wales b) Cardiff10.Northern Ireland c) EdinburghIV. Answer the Following Questions11. What are the four regions of Britain?12. What kind of geographical position does Britain have?13. Which places in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland？14. Does Britain have a favorable climate?15. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest? Chapter 10Geography & History of UKSection 1 GeographyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____ 1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland._____ 2. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. _____ 3. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales.II. Multiple Choices4. The British Isles are made up of______.A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and NorthernIreland5. The largest lake in Britain is ______.A. Loch LomondB. the Lough NeaghC. WindermereD. Ullswater6. Britai n’s climate is influenced by ______ that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.A. the Gulf StreamB. the Brazil CurrentC. the Labrador CurrentD. the Falkland current7. The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.A. EdinburghB. BelfastC. GlasgowD. Birmingham8. _____ is England’s biggest naval base.A. PortsmouthB. SouthamptonC. PlymouthD. Dover9. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester10. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with _____.A. the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB. the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC. the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinkingD. the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinkingSection 2 HistoryI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people._____2. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nationwas to be formed._____3. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John._____4. Henry VII was responsible for the founding of the Church of England._____5. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.II. Multiple Choices6. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from___ .A. FranceB. DenmarkC. IrelandD. Germany7. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____?A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King Ethelred8. The Chartist Movement was officiallylaunched at a great meeting in Birmingham in__ , with the aim of pressing the Parliament to accept the People’s Charter.A. 1836B. 1838C. 1840D. 18429. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ____.A. 200B.C.B. 55 B.C.C. 55 A.D.D. 410 A.D10. When did the Hundred Years’ War start?A. 1733B. 1453C. 1337D. 1357Chapter ExercisesI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F”for false in the space provided.___1.The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.___2.The longest river in Britain is River Thames.___3.On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland___4.The UK lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.___5.British recorded history begins with the Norman invasion.II. Multiple Choices6. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell7. The Lake District is famous for ___.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the Lake PoetsD. all of the above8. The first known settlers of Britain were_______.A. the JutesB. the CeltsC. the SaxonsD. the Iberians9. .The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from____.A. the Bill of RightsB. the Agreement of the PeopleC. the People’s CharterD. the Great Charter10. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____.A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King EthelredIII. Gap-filling11. The total area of Britain is about____ square kilometers.12. Britain is separated from the European continent by ______ and_____________. 13. The capital of the Scotland is (1)________, the capital of Wales is___ and thecapital of Northern Ireland is (2) ________. 14.________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.15. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765. IV. Terms Explanation16. The Hundred Years' War17. The Lowland Zone18. Norman Conquest of 106619. Industrial Revolution20. The Chartist MovementChapter 11Political System & National Economy of UK Section 1 Political SystemI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.______1. The United Kingdom is a federal, not a unitary state.______2. Members of Parliament (MPs) arethose who inherit the noble titles.______3. In Britain, changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.______4. The Labor Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them.______5. Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.II. Multiple Choices6. The House of Commons consists of______ Members of Parliament.A 651B. 1,200C. 1,198D. 7637. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the ______.A the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. the Shadow Cabinet8. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth9. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.A. queenB. monarchC. prime ministerD. kingIII. Match the following items10.1) England has existed as aunified entity since the________ century.a) King John2) The most important part ofthe English constitution is theMagna Charta, or GreatCharter, sealed by _______in 1215.b)the ConservativeParty3) In 1994 the Labor Partyelected Tony Blair, a younglawyer, as its leader.c) James IId) the Labor Partye)10thf) 11thSection 2 National EconomyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____ 1. Mrs. Thatcher's government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies._____ 2. Today, in Britain, iron and steel is called a “sick” industry._____ 3. There are steady development in the 50s and 60s, economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.II. Multiple Choices4. Traditional British farming involved__, which dated back to the 5th century.A. the open field systemB. the system of crop rotationC. the use of artificial fertilizerD. the use of new agricultural machinery5. In the 1970s, oil was discovered in___, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic miracle for Britain.A. the English ChannelB. the Irish SeaC. the St. George SeaD. the North Sea6. Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through___.A. the income taxB. the council taxC. the capital receiptsD. personal contribution7. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950，and 1960s was based on the theory of_______.A. Adam SmithB. John M. KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx8. Under Margaret Thatcher’s administration, Britain experienced _________.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression9. In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 5%III. Match the following items10.1) The two important crops inBritain are ____.a) wheat andrice2) ____is now often referred to as the “Silicon Glen”.b) wheat andbarley3) In the early 2000s Britain’s levels of inflation and unemployment remained among the lowest in the European Union. ｃ）the areabetweenLondon andSouth Walesｄ）the areabetweenGlasgow andEdinburgh inScotlande) lowestf) highestChapter ExercisesI. Gap-filling1. The British were the ______ in the world to enter the Industrial Revolution.2. The main textile producing regions of Britain are _____,____,____,and_____.3. An industrial complex in suburban Glasgow du bbed _______is the center of Scotland’s thriving technology industry.4. Historically, the financial services industry has been based in the City of______ in an area called the Square Mile.5. The Bank of England, chartered in 1694, was ______in 1946 and is the only bank that issues banknotes in England and Wales.6. The predecessor of the English parliament is________.7. There are _______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.8. In the UK, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______, with is one leader, and forms a________.9.____________were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.10. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ___________ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.III. Terms Explanation1. Constitutional monarchy2. Primogeniture3. First past the post4. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party5. High Street BanksIV．Answer the Following Questions16. What is a general election?17. What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consists of?18. What are the three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth?19. What is the British government’s role in the economy?20. How did the structure of British industry change in the last half of the 20th century?Chapter 12 Society & Culture of UK Section 1British people & their Ways of LifeI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. It is customary to leave a 10% tip when eating in restaurants for good service (but not in fast food restaurants such as McDonalds.)_____2. Britain is home of the world's largest foreign exchange market and the world's richest football club—Manchester United._____3. The once typical British family headed by two parents has undergone substantial changes during the nineteenth century._____4. Marriage is legal at age 18 in Britain. II. Multiple Choices5. What is the most popular type of home in England?A．semi-detachedB．detachedC．flatD．terraced6. Which of the following is not included in the most common and typical foods eaten in Britain?A. sandwichB. fishC. chipsD. Pisa7. When does the world's most famous tennis tournament Wimbledon begin?A. on the nearest Friday to June 22B. on the nearest Monday to June 22C. on the nearest Tuesday to June 22D. on the nearest Saturday to June 22III. Match the following items8. When you are invited todinner, ten minutes _____ isexcellent.a) Football9.________is undoubtedly themost popular sport inEngland.b) Horseracing10. In England, People usually______ when first introduced.c) lated) shake handse) kiss each otherlightly on onecheekSection 2 Holidays and Special DaysI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Banks are not allowed to operate on bank holidays._____2. Each part of the United Kingdom has the same Saint's Day._____3. There are currently 8 permanent bank and public holidays in England, Wales and Scotland, and 10 in Northern Ireland. II. Multiple Choices4. In England, Wales & Ireland, both Christmas Day and _____Good Friday were traditional 'days of rest'.A. New Year's DayB. Easter MondayC. Good FridayD. May Day5. England's National Day is ____.A. St George's Day, 1 MarchB. St George's Day, 23 AprilC. New Year's Day. 1 JanD. Christmas, 25 Dec6. In England, Wales, parts of Canada, and in some other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, ____ is a popular term applied to December 26, the day following Christmas Day.A. EasterB. LentC. Boxing DayD. Remembrance DayIII. Match each of the following parts with itsSaint’s Day.7. England a) St. David8. Scotland b) St Patrick9. Wales c) St. George10.Northern Ireland d) St. AndrewSection 3 EducationI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Education in Britain is compulsory for children aged from 5 to 16._____2. Like all British universities, Buckingham University is also partially funded by central government grants._____3.Public schools are mainly financed by fees paid by parents._____4. Boarding private schools, such as Eton College, Harrow School are open to all in Britain and a large percentage of population can attend the schools.II. Multiple Choices5. Which one is not considered as the mostfamous boarding private schools in Britain?A. Eton CollegeB. Harrow SchoolC. Woodland Junior SchoolD. Rugby School6. Normally, it will take _______ years to get an undergraduate degreeA. 3B. 4C. 5D. 27. Which of the following statements is not true about the comprehensive schools? A. They are only taken students with good academic abilities.B. They provide a large range of secondary education.C. they are founded in 1960s and 1970s.D. Most grammar schools were replaced by comprehensive schools.III. Match the following items8. Oxbridge a)Universities dedicated tothe sciences and appliedtechnology9. public schools b)Ivy League10. polytechnics d) state schoolse)private schools that chargeattendance feesf) Oxford and CambridgeSection 4 British LiteratureI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Spencer is regarded as the father of modern English poetry._____2. One of Milton’s major poetic works is Paradise Lost._____3. The majority of traditional English poems were written in iambic pentameter._____4.The Victorian Age is most famous for its essays.II. Multiple Choices5. What is the essence of the Renaissance? A．Poetry B．DramaC．Humanism D．Reason6. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!”is an epigrammatic line by _____.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley7. Among the following poets, _____ doesn’tbelong to the Victorian Poets.A. T. S. EliotB. Alfred TennysonC. Robert BrowningD. Matthew ArnoldIII. Match the following writers with their works 8.1) Virginia Woolf a) The Canterbury Tales2) Geoffrey Chaucer b) Mrs Dalloway3) Charles Dickens c) Othellod) David Copperfielde) I Wandered Lonely as aCloudIV. Gap-filling8._____________ is the most popular literary form in the medieval period.9. The Romantic Movement appeared on the literary arena of England from the publication of _____________ by Wordsworth and_____________ in 1798 to the death of_____________ in 1832. The literary form which is the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is _________.10. Samuel Richardson was the master ofwriting _____________ novels and the first novelist of ____________ tradition. His novels have a ___________, trying to inculcate virtue and good deportment._________ was his best novel.11. W. M. Thackeray was another representative of _________ in 19th England. In 1847 he published his masterpiece_________________ with a subtitle“________________________”.12. ____________________________ are considered as Shakespeare's four greatest tragedies.V. Terms Explanation1. Spenserian stanza2. Stream of Consciousness。

英语国家概况-加拿大(Canada)ppt课件

Some of Canada’s natural resources are; iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower8.
In history, the Canadian dollar has usually been at least a bit weaker than the United States dollar, but recently the trend has changed8.
➢ Canadian bills are brightly colored and easy to distinguish- which also happens to be a point of cultural Canadian pride20.
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Toronto
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Health Statistics
Current smokers24: 19.9% Percentage of Canadians with a doctor24: 84.7% Percentage of Canadians that drink heavily24: 19% Percentage of Canadians with high blood pressure24: 17.6% Life expectancy for males24: 78.8 years Life expectancy for females8: 84.2 years Percentage of overweight or obese adults24: 52.1% Percentage of overweight or obese youth (age 12-17)24: 20.4% Percentage of leisure time dedicated to physical activity24: 53.8%

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