科技英语翻译

Key:
当阳光照在植物的叶子上时，就变成化学能。 工件和刀具不直接接触。



功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。
导线越粗，就越容易导电，电阻也就越小。 气压低，沸点就低。


II. Formation of EST Terms
科技英语词汇的构成
EST词汇的词义相对单一，一词多义现象虽 然存在，但相对少些。 EST词汇主要是通过如下英语构词法方法构 成 的 ： 1. 词 缀 法 (Affixation), 2. 合 成 法 (Compounding), 3. 混成法 (Blending), 4. 首字母缩略法 (Acronym), 5. 专有名词法 (Proper Names), 6.缩略法 (Abbreviation) 等。
Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the interiors of buildings. [误] 强烈的光线和露天场所的炎热，同林荫道上的凉爽和 建筑物内部形成了对比。 [正]露天场所的强烈光线和酷热，同林荫道上和建筑物内 部的凉爽形成了对比。

理解原文所涉及的事物
Do you know that the bee navigates by polarized light and the fly controls its flight by its back wings? [误] 你知道蜜蜂借助极光飞行，而苍蝇用后 翅控制飞行吗？ [正] 你知道蜜蜂借助偏振光飞行，而苍蝇用 后翅控制飞行吗？

辨明语法，弄清关系


As friction manifests itself as a resistance that opposes motion, it is usually considered as a nuisance. [误] 摩擦是运动的阻力，因此阻力常被人看成讨厌的东西。 [正]摩擦是运动的阻力，因此常被人看成讨厌的东西。
通顺


Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 物质是有重量和占据空间的任何东西。 [改]凡是物质，都具有重量和占有空间。
What is large and what is small is relative. 什么是大的和什么是小的是相对的。 [改]大和小是相对的。 The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood pressure, diabetes糖尿病, heart disease and gallbladder胆囊. 报告指出，过胖与疾病及诸如高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊疾 病引起的死亡有关。 [改]报告指出，肥胖容易引起疾病，容易导致由高血压、糖尿病、 心脏病和胆囊疾病等引起的死亡。

意译：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把通顺的译文形 式放在第二位，不拘泥于原文的形式。

如果译文和原文相同的形式不能表达和原文相同的内容， 一般意译。 Translate liberally if necessary.


试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义： Aluminium is light and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry. Like charges repel, while unlike charges attract. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like. A magnetic field is built up round the coil.

3. Blending （混成法）


English Translation for Science and Technology


日常英语
People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex. They mix it with acid, and dry it, and then they send it to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry grew, people needed more and more rubber. They started rubber plantations in countries with hot, wet weather conditions, but these still could not give enough raw rubber to meet the needs of growing industry.

Three Qualifications for the Translation of EST

Good Command of English Good Command of Chinese


Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology





Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller.

Key:
铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。



正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。
线圈周围形成了一个磁场。 原子虽小，但电子却更小。



试译下列各句，注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义： When sunlight falls on the leaves of plants, it is transformed into chemical energy. There is no physical contact between workpiece and tool. The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current, and the less its resistance. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.
相乘的力和距离的方向必须相同，在所作的计算工作中，记住这 一点往往是重要的。 [改]在计算所做的功时，用以相乘的力和距离必须沿同一方向， 始终记住这一点是很重要的。 The motion of ions(离子)is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in chemical solutions.



离子的运动也就是原子得到或失去电子时的运动，在大多数情况 下，化学溶液中发生这种现象。 [改]离子的运动，也就是已经得到或失去电子的原子的运动，这 种运动大多发生在化学溶液中。
Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force. 每一物体如不受外力作用，将继续保持其静止状态或做均匀的 直线运动。 [改]物体如不受外力作用，将继续保持其静止状态或做匀速直 线运动。

1. Affixation（词缀法）
Examples：anti- 反对，反，抗，逆 antiallergenic 抗过敏的 antibacterial 抗菌的 antibody 抗体 antidote 解毒剂 antifungal 抗真菌的 antivirus （抗）防病毒的 anticlockwise 逆时钟方向的(地) antiager 抗老化剂的 Compare: ante-在…前←→anti-反，抗，逆
英语科技文献的翻译过程

理解阶段
结合上下文，推敲词义 辨明语法，弄清关系 理解原文所涉及的事物



表达阶段
直Baidu Nhomakorabea 意译


结合上下文，推敲词义
The rate of dissociation was followed by placing the unit on a scale and noting the weight loss due to chlorine evolution. [误] 离解速度可由在标尺上的刻度得出，并 注意由于氯的放出而引起的重量损失。 [正]离解速度是通过下列方法求得的：将该设 备放置在天平上，并记录由于氯的放出而引 起的重量损失。

直译 （Literal Translation）

直译：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把忠实于原文的 形式放在第二位，把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。

如果译文和原文相同的形式能表达和原文相同的内容，可 以直译。 Translate literally wherever possible.

意译（Free / Liberal Translation）
英语科技文献的翻译标准

科技翻译可以理解为一种科学的“语码转 换”，科学性是第一位，科技译文的正确 性是最重要的。
忠实 --- 忠于原意，传达信息准确； 通顺 --- 文从字顺，译文风格贴近原文风格。

忠实

In computing work done, it is important always to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must be in the same direction.
科技英语
Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry developed, more and more rubber was required. Rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot, humid climate, but these still could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of developing industry.

2. Compounding (合成法)
合成法即将两个及其以上的旧词合成一个新词，通 常有合写式（无连字符）和分写式（有连字符）两 类。请看如下例词： 合写式：bootblock 引导块; backdoor 后门; bitmap [计]位图; bootsector 引导区 分写式: bug-free 无故障; built-in 内置; closecircuit TV 闭路电视; cut-and-paste software 剪贴 软件; Digital-to-Analog 数模转换器 合成词的翻译可直译，即直译两个合成语素的词义， 做偏正连缀，必要时可适当增词。