医学微生物学单词英汉对照
医学微生物学基本词汇英汉对照表
单词注释单词注释a cacquiredimmun odificiencysyn drome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）schlamydiapsittaci 鹦鹉热衣原体activeimmunit 自动免疫chlamydiatrachomatis 沙眼衣原体acuteinfection 急性感染chronicinfection 慢性感染acyclovir 无环鸟苷classicalbiotype 古典生物型adenoviridae 腺病毒科clostridium 梭状芽胞杆菌属adenovirus 腺病毒cl.botulinum 肉毒梭菌adhesin 粘附素cl.difficile 艰难梭菌adsorption 吸附cl.perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌amantadine 金刚烷胺cl.tetani 破伤风梭菌amphotericinb 二性霉素b coagulase 血浆凝固酶anaerobicbacteria厌氧菌coccidioidesimmitis 厌酷球孢子菌antibiotic 抗生素coccus 球菌antigenicdrift 抗原性漂移colonizzationfactor 定居因子antigenicshift 抗原性转变complexsymmetry 复合对称antisepsis 防腐continuouscellculture 传代细胞培养antitoxicimmunity抗毒素性免疫 cordfactor 索状因子antitoxin 抗毒素core 核心apparentinfection显性传染coronaviridae 冠状病毒科arenaviridae 沙粒病毒科corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属artificialactiveimmunity人工自动免疫 c.diphtheriae 白喉杆菌artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫 coxiella 柯克斯体属aspergillus 曲霉菌coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒asepsis 无菌cryptococcusneoformans 新新型隐球菌assembly 装配cubicsymmetry 立体对称avp 抗病毒蛋白cytociticinfection 杀细胞感染bacillicalmette-guerin,bcg卡介苗cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒bacillus 杆菌cytopathogeniceffect 细胞致病作用b.anthraci 炭疽杆菌c-onc 细胞原癌基因b dbacteremia 菌血症defectiveinterferingparticles 缺损干扰颗粒bacteriocin 细菌素denguevirus 登革病毒bacteriod 类杆菌dermatophytes 皮肤丝状菌b.fragilis 脆弱类杆菌diphtheria 白喉b.melaninogeni黑色素类杆菌 diplococcus 双球菌cusbacteriophage 噬菌体diploidcellculture 二倍体细胞培养bacterium 细菌disinfection 消毒blastomycesdermatitidis皮炎芽生菌enteroniavasiveescherichiacol,eiec 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌bordetellapertussis百日咳杆菌endogenousinfection 内源性感染borrelia 疏螺旋体属el-torbiotype 埃尔托生物型b.recurrentis 回归热螺旋体 endotoxin 内毒素b.vincenti 奋森氏螺旋体entericcytopathogenichumanorpanvirus,埃可病毒b.burdorfe 莱姆病螺旋体 enterobacteriaceae 肠粘附性大肠杆菌botulism 肉毒中毒enterohemorrhagicescherichiacoli,etec肠产毒性大肠杆菌brucella 布氏杆菌属enterovirus 肠道病毒br.bovis 牛布氏杆菌envelope 囊膜br.melitensis 羊布氏杆菌enteropathogincescherichiacoli,epec肠致病性大肠杆菌br.suis 猪布氏杆菌epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属bunyaviridae 布尼安病毒科 epstein-barrvirus,ebviruseb eb病毒calmett-guerinsvaccine卡介苗escherichia 埃希氏菌属campylobacter 弯曲菌属 e.coli 大肠杆菌c.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌exogenousinfection 外源性感染candidaalbicans白色念珠菌exotoxin 外毒素capsid 衣壳fimbriae 纤毛capsomere 壳微粒flagellum 鞭毛capsule 荚膜flaviviridae 黄病毒科carrier 带菌者fungus 真菌cellculture 细胞培养fusion 融合cellfusion 细胞融合ganciclovir 丙氧鸟苷cellwall 细胞壁geneticengineering 基因工程chitin 甲壳质geneticrecombination 基因重组chlamydiae 衣原体growthinhibitiontest 生长抑制实验chlamydiapneumonia肺炎衣原体guarneiribody 顾氏小体hantaanvirus 汉滩病毒horizontaltansmission 水平传播hantavirus 汉坦病毒属humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,hiv 人免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病病毒）halophilicvibrio嗜盐弧菌hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hbcag 乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原immunofluorescencetechnic,ift 免疫荧光法hbeag 乙型肝炎病毒 inapparentimfection 隐性传染e抗原hbsag 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原inclusionbody 包涵体hbvdnapolymer ase 乙型肝炎病毒dna聚合酶infectiousmononucleosis 传染性单核细胞增多症heat-labiletoxin,lt不耐热肠毒素 inferferon(ifn) 干扰素heat-stabletoxin,st耐热肠毒素integratedinfection 整合传染helacells,hela 细胞invasiveness 侵袭力hemagglutinin,ha血凝集japaneseencephalitisvirus,jev 日本脑炎病毒hemagglutination-inhibitiontest血凝抑制试验 japanesebencephalitis,jbe 日本乙型脑炎hemagglutinationphenomenon血凝现象klebsiella 克雷伯氏菌属hemolysin 溶血素k.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯氏菌hemlphilus 嗜血杆菌属lactobacillus 乳杆菌属h.influenzae 流行性感冒杆菌latentinfection 潜伏感染hemorrhagicfev erwithrenalsyn drome 肾综合征合征出血热ld50 半数致死量helicalsymmetry螺旋对称legionella 军团菌属hepadnaviridae 嗜肝病毒科legionnairesdisease 军团菌病hepatitisavirus,hav甲型肝炎病毒 lentivirinae 慢病毒科hepatitisbvirus,hbv乙型肝炎病毒 leptospira 钩端螺旋体属hepatitisvirus 肝炎病毒localinfection 局部感染herpessimplexvirus单纯疱疹病毒 lipopolysaccharide,lps 脂多糖varicella-zostervirus带状疱疹病毒 lysogenicbacteria 溶原性细菌herpetoviridae 疱疹病毒科lysogeny 溶原状态humanherpsvir ustype6、7 人疱疹病毒6、7型lysogenicphage 溶原性噬菌体histoplasmacap sulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌lyssavirus 狂犬病毒科measlesvirus 麻疹病毒papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科mesosome 中介体parainfluenzavirus 副流感病毒metabolicinhibi代谢抑制试验 parmyxoviridae 副粘病毒科tiontestmetachromaticgranules异染颗粒paramyxovirus 副粘病毒microbiology 微生物学parvoviridae 微小病毒科microcapsule 微荚膜parvavirus 微小病毒mcrococcustetragenus四联球菌penicillium 青霉菌micrometer,micron(u=um)微米penetration 穿入microorganism 微生物peplomer 囊微粒mold 霉菌persistentinfection 持续性感染moniliaalbicans 白色念珠菌pesticine-1 鼠疫杆菌杀菌素mucor 毛霉菌picornaviridae 小核糖核酸病毒科mumpsvirus 腮腺炎病毒pilus(或fimbrae) 菌毛mutation 突变plague 鼠疫mycelium 菌丝体plaqueformingunit,pfu 空斑形成单位mycobacterium 分枝杆菌属plasmid 质粒m.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌 plasmin 胞浆素mycolicacid 分枝菌酸poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒mycoplasma 支原体属polykaryocyte 多核巨细胞mycostatin 制霉菌素polyi:c,polyinosinic:cytrdyeicacid 多聚肌苷酸：胞苷酸mycotoxicosis 真菌毒素中毒症poxviridae 痘病毒科mycrosporum 小孢子癣菌属 poxvirus 痘病毒nairovirus 内罗病毒属pre-santigen 前s抗原negribody 内基氏小体primarycellculture 原代细胞培养neisseria 奈瑟氏菌属pricklecell 棘细胞n.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟氏力 prion 蛋白侵染因子n.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌β-propialactone β-丙内脂newenterovirus 新型肠道病毒 prophage 前噬菌体normalflora 正常菌群proteus 变形杆菌nuclearmaterial 核质protoplast 原生质体nucleocapsid 核衣壳provirus 前病毒oldtuberculin,ot 旧结核菌素pseudomonas 假单胞菌属oncornavirusrna肿瘤病毒p.aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌orthomyxoviridae正粘病毒科purifiedproteinderivative,ppd 纯化蛋白衍生物orthomyxovirus正粘病毒pyosepticemia 脓毒血症humanpapillomavirus乳头瘤病毒pyrogen 热原质rabiesvirus 狂犬病病毒sh.boydii 鲍氏志贺氏菌receptorbindingprotein受体连接蛋白 sh.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺氏菌release 释放sh.flexneri 福氏志贺氏菌reoviridae 呼肠孤病毒科 sh.sonnei 宋内氏志贺氏菌replication 复制slowinfection 慢发性感染resistancefactor 耐药因子spheroplast 原生质球resistancetransf erfactor,ptf 耐药性传递因子spike 刺突respiratorysyncytialvirus,rsvirus呼吸道病毒spirillum 螺菌respiratoryviruses逆转录病毒科 spore 芽胞，孢子retroviridae 逆转录病毒staphylococcus 葡萄球菌retrovirus 逆转录酶stap.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌reversetranscriptase弹状病毒科stap.epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌rhabdoviridae 病毒唑stap.proteina,spa 葡萄球菌a蛋白ribavirin(virozol)rna病毒sterdystateinfection 稳定感染rickettsia 立克次氏体属 sterillization 灭菌rifampin 利福平streptococcus 链球菌属ringwormfungi 癣菌strep.anhemolyticus 非溶血性链球菌rochalimaea 罗沙利马体属 strep.hemolyticus 溶血性链球菌（乙型链球菌）rotavirus 轮状病毒strp.pneumonia 肺炎链球菌russianspring-s ummerencepha litisvirus 苏联春夏季脑炎病毒strep.viridans 草绿色链球菌（甲型链球菌）sabouraudsmed ium 沙保氏培养培养基streptodornase 链道酶salmonella 沙门氏菌属streptokinase 链激酶s.choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙氏菌 subclinicalinfection 亚临床感染s.typhi 伤寒沙门氏菌 subunitvaccine 亚单位疫苗s.paratyphi 副伤寒沙门氏菌subacutesclerosingpanencephalitissspe亚急性硬化性全脑炎s.typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌subvirus 亚病毒sarcina 八迭球菌syncytium 合胞体shigella 志贺菌属syphilis 梅毒tcid5050% 组织细胞感染量systemicinfection 全身感染teichoicacid 磷壁酸verticaltransmission 垂直传播temperatephage 温和噬菌体vibrio 弧菌属temperature-se温度敏感突变v.cholerae 霍乱弧菌nsitiveconditio株nalmutant,tsthymidinekinas胸腺核苷激酶 veillenella 韦荣氏球菌属etogaviridae 披膜病毒科virino 朊病毒toxemia 毒血症virion 病毒体toxin 类毒素viroid 类病毒toxoid 密螺旋体属virulence 毒力treponema 梅毒螺旋体virulentphage 毒性噬菌体t.pallidum 雅司螺旋体virus 病毒t.pertenue 毛癣菌属virusoid 拟病毒trichophyton 毛癣菌素v—onc 病毒癌基因trichophytin 脱壳widaltest 肥达氏试验uncoating 脲原体属yersinia 耶尔森氏菌属ureaplasma 脲原体属y.pestis 鼠疫杆菌vaccine 疫苗y.pseudotuberculosis 假结核杆菌。
微生物学双语词汇
Virion病毒粒子
Viruses病毒
Temperate Bacteriophages温和噬菌体
Lysogeny溶源性细菌
Lysogeny溶原现象Virulent phage烈性噬菌体
Prophage前噬菌体
Viroids类病毒
submicroscopic超显微的
NAM N-乙酰胞壁酸
70S Ribosome核糖体
Bacteria chromosome细菌染色体
Colony菌落
02-2actinomyces放线菌
Actinomycetes放线菌
Nonseptate hypha无隔菌丝
Substrate mycelium基内菌丝
Aerial mycelium气生菌丝
Reproductive mycelium孢子丝
Antibiotics
03真菌fungi
Yeasts酵母菌
Molds霉菌
Mushrooms蕈类
budding出芽生殖
Chitin几丁质
Mitochondria线粒体
Hyphae菌丝
Mycelium菌丝体
Rhizopus根霉
Mucor毛霉
Aspergillus曲霉
Biosynthesis of viral components生物合成Maturation成熟Release释放assembly装配
subviruses亚病毒
satellite virus卫星病毒
Prions朊病毒
05 microbial nutrition
Eukaryotes真核细胞
Culture Medium培养基
微生物学（双语）词汇
医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译
医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译微生物学作为医学领域中的重要学科，涉及到许多微生物学名词的英汉翻译。
准确的翻译对于医学研究和临床实践都具有重要意义。
以下是一些常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。
1. Bacteria - 细菌Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various habitats.2. Virus - 病毒Viruses are infectious agents that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.3. Fungi - 真菌Fungi are a group of organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.4. Protozoa - 原生动物Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that can be found in water and soil.5. Parasite - 寄生虫Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and obtain nutrients from the host.6. Antibiotic - 抗生素Antibiotics are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria.7. Antimicrobial - 抗菌剂Antimicrobials are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.8. Pathogen - 病原体Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause diseases in their hosts.9. Pathogenesis - 致病机制Pathogenesis refers to the process by which a pathogen causes disease in an organism.10. Immunization - 免疫Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a particular disease through vaccination.11. Contagious - 传染的Contagious refers to a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact.12. Sterilization - 杀菌Sterilization is the process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.13. Disinfection - 消毒Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces or objects.14. Culture - 培养Culture refers to the process of growing microorganisms in a controlled environment for research or diagnostic purposes.15. Resistance - 耐药性Resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs.以上是一些医学常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。
医学微生物学单词英汉对照
Coccus 球菌Diplococcus 双球菌Bacillus 杆菌Spiral bacterium 螺菌Vibrio 弧菌Cell wall 细胞壁Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Mesosome 中介体Plasmid 质粒Inclusion 内含物Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Nuclear material 核质Nucleoid 拟核Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Lipoteichoic acid ,LTA 脂磷壁酸Outer membrane 外膜Lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖Lysozyme 溶菌酶Bactrrial L form 细菌L形Capsule 荚膜Microcapsule 微荚膜Flagellum 鞭毛Pilus(fimbria) 菌毛Common pilus 普通菌毛Sex pilus 性菌毛Fertility 致育性Spore 芽孢Gram stain 革兰染色法第二章Lag phase迟缓期Logarithmic phase 对数期Stationary phase稳定期Decline phase衰亡期pyrogen热原质pigment色素antibiotic抗生素bacteriocin 细菌素vitamin维生素第五章Fertility plasmid 致育性质粒，F质粒Transposable element 转位因子Insertion sequence IS 插入序列Transposon TN 转座子Bacteriophage phage 噬菌体Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Lysogeny 溶原性Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Prophage 前噬菌体Fluctuation test 动试验，彷徨试验Replica planting 平板培养影印试验Conditional lethal mutation 条件致死性突变Temperature sensitive温度敏感突变株，Ts株mutantTransformation 转化Transduction 转导General transduction 普遍性转导Abortive transduction 流产转导Conjugation 接合High frequency高频重组株recombinant ,HfrLysogenic conversion 溶源性转换第八章MIC 最小抑菌浓度Vaccine 疫苗Toxiod 类毒素Antitoxin 抗毒素Antisera 抗血清Antibacterial agents 抗菌药物Antibiotics 抗生素Drug resistance 耐药性第九章Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌S.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcal protein A葡萄球菌A蛋白,SPACoagglutination 协同凝集试验Exfoliative toxin , exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Staphylococcal scalded skin葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合症syndrome ,SSSSToxic shock syndrome毒性休克综合症毒素－1 toxin-1Coaggulase –negative凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌staphylococcus ,CNSStreptococcus 链球菌甲型溶血性链球菌α－hemolyticstreptococcusβ－hemolytic乙型溶血性链球菌streptococcus丙型溶血性链球菌γ－hemolyticstreptococcusstreptokinase , SK 链激酶streptodornase , SD 链道酶hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶streptolysin 链球菌溶血素streptolysin O , SLO 链球菌溶血素O streptolysin S , SLS 链球菌溶血素S pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素scarlet fever toxin 猩红热毒素Antistreptolysin O test ,抗链球菌溶血素O试验ASO testpneumococcus 肺炎球菌S . Pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Optochin test 奥普托辛试验Quellung reaction 荚膜肿胀试验Neisseria 奈瑟菌属N.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈氏菌Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈氏菌Gonococcus 淋球菌第十章Esherichia 埃希菌属E . coli 大肠杆菌Colonization factor antigen定居因子抗原, CFAInvasin 侵袭素Uropathogenic E . coli 尿道致病性大肠杆菌Enterotoxigenic E .coli ,肠产毒性大肠埃希菌ETEC肠致病性大肠埃希菌EPECEnterohemorrhagic E . coli ,肠出血性大肠埃希菌EHECEnteroaggregative E . coli ,肠集聚性大肠埃希菌EAECHeat labile enterotoxin , LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat stable enterotoxin , ST 耐热肠毒素Enteric bacilli 肠道杆菌Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科Shigella 志贺菌Salmonella 沙门菌属S . typhi 伤寒杆菌S . Virulence antigen , ViVi 抗原antigenWidal test 肥达试验第十一章Vibrio 弧菌V. cholera 霍乱弧菌Cholera enterotoxin 霍乱肠毒素V. parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌Kanagawa test 神奈川试验Helicobacter pylori, HP 幽门螺杆菌第十三章Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Clostridium 厌氧芽孢梭菌属C. tetani 破伤风梭菌Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetani antitoxin , TAT 破伤风抗毒素C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Nagler reaction 卵磷脂酶试验Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵Gas gangrene 气性坏疽C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌C. difficile 艰难梭菌B. fragilis 脆弱类杆菌其它细菌Spirochete 螺旋体Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Rickettsia 立克次体Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应。
微生物学术语双语(中英文)对照
Brock Biology of MicroorganismsBilingual Glossary（For Internal Circulation Only）微生物学术语双语（中英文）对照北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院微生物教研室谢响明生物秀－专心做生物ｗｗｗ．ｂｂｉｏｏ．ｃｏｍ2007年6月10日Catalogue目录Chapter1 Microorganisms and MicrobiologyChapter 2 An Overview of Microbial LifeChapter 3 MacromoleculesChapter 4 Cell Structure/FunctionChapter5 Nutrition, Laboratory Culture, and Metabolism of MicroorganismsChapter 6 Microbial GrowthChapter 7 Principles of Microbial Molecular Biology Chapter 8 Regulation of Gene ExpressionChapter 9 Essentials of VirologyChapter 10 Bacterial GeneticsChapter 11 Microbial Evolution and Systematics Chapter 15 Microbial GenomicsChapter 18 Methods in Microbial EcologyChapter 19 Microbial Habitats, Nutrients Cycles Chapter 20 Microbial Growth ControlBilingual Glossary for MicrobiologyChapter 1Landmark：里程碑Ramifications：分支non-cellular life ：非细胞生命prion：朊病毒microbial diversity and evolution：微生物的多样性和进化pathogens：病原体genetic engineering：基因工程entity：实体macromolecules：大分子Reproduction：繁殖Differentiation：分化Communication：信息沟通coding devices：编码机制attributes：特征，品质coordination.：协调regulation：调节optimally attuned to最适地调和populations：种群habitat.：生境assemblages：集合体microbial communities：微生物群落biofilms：生物被膜hot springs：温泉Aquatic：水生的Terrestrial：陆生的Prokaryotic cells：原核细胞ecosystem ：生态系统biomass：生物量nitrogen：氮phosphorus：磷Bubonic Plague：鼠疫Fleas：跳蚤Mortality：死亡率Grotesque：奇异Liquefy：液化Influenza and pneumonia：流感和肺炎Tuberculosis：肺结核spontaneous generation：自然发生学说microbes：微生物Broth：肉汤Flask：烧瓶Guncotton filters：棉花滤器Dissolved：溶解的Ether：醚Particles：微粒flask with swan neck：曲颈瓶sterilization：灭菌vaccines：疫苗anthrax：炭疽热fowl cholera：禽流感rabies：狂犬病Germ theory：病菌说Koch’s postulates：科赫假设(法则) contagious diseases：传染病artificially infected animals：人工感染的动物Solid medium：固体培养基Gelatin：明胶Agar：琼脂Colony formation：菌落形成Differential staining：鉴别染色Pure culture：纯培养isolation：分离, 隔离inoculation：接种Tuberculin：结核菌素Diagnosis：诊断Subdisciplines：（学科的）分支enrichment culture：富集培养aerobic：需氧的N-fixing bacteria：固氮细菌sulfate-reducing：硫酸盐还原sulfur-oxidizing bacteria：硫氧化细菌root nodule：根瘤Lactobacillus：乳酸杆菌tobacco mosaic virus：烟草花叶病毒tenets：原则virology：病毒学nitrifying bacteria：硝化细菌nitrification：硝化作用oxidation of ammonia to nitrate：从氨氧化为硝酸盐hydrogen sulfide：硫化氰chemolithotrophy：无机化能营养型autotrophs：自养生物anaerobe ：厌氧生物Clostridium pasteurianum：巴斯德羧菌属Medical microbiology and immunology：医学微生物学和免疫学Aquatic microbiology：水生微生物学Microbial ecology：微生物生态学Microbial systematic：微生物的系统学Microbial physiology：微生物生理学Cytology ：细胞学Bacterial genetics：细菌遗传学Chapter 2Evolutionary History：进化史Elements：原理，基础Viral Structure：病毒结构The Tree of Life：生命树Physiological：生理学的Eukaryotic：真核的Cytoplasmic (cell)membrane：细胞质膜Cytoplasm：细胞质Macromolecules：大分子Ribosome：核糖体organic molecules：有机分子inorganic ions：无机离子rod-shaped prokaryote：杆状原核生物organelles：细胞器Archaea：古生菌Nucleus：细胞核（nuclear的复数）Mitochondrion（Mitochondrion复数）线粒体Chloroplast：叶绿体Metazoans：后生生物Cytoplasmic：细胞质的Membrane：膜，隔膜Endoplasmic reticulum：内质网Nucleoid：类核，拟核Nucleolus：核仁Nuclear：核的，细胞核Static：静态的metabolic abilities：代谢能力biosynthetic：生物合成genetic alterations：遗传改造Genomes：基因组Chromosome：染色体Circular：环状copy：拷贝haploid：单倍体extrachromosomal：染色体外的plasmids：质粒conferring：赋予properties：性质，特性Packaged ：包裹的Yeast：酵母Folding：折叠的Packing：包装gene expression：基因表达diploid：二倍体cell division：细胞分裂mitosis：有丝分裂mitotic division：有丝分裂a full complement of genes：一整套基因meiosis：减数分裂gametes：配子sexual reproduction：有性繁殖Fusion：融合Zygote：接合子，受精卵Sequenced：测序的Phylogeny：系统发生Phylogenetically：系统发生地deduced from 从推论出comparative sequencing：比较测序Ribosomal RNA：核糖体RNAbarometers ：气压计clinic：临床microbiology：微生物学identical copies：相同的拷贝polymerase chain reaction (PCR)：聚合酶链式反应aligned ：排列的algorithm：运算法则pair-wise comparisons：配对比较Domains：域Lineages：血统，世系Proteobacteria：蛋白细菌Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Hyperthermophiles：极端嗜热菌Methanogens：产甲烷菌extreme halophiles：极端嗜盐菌slime molds：黏菌flagellates：鞭毛虫giardia：双滴虫（贾弟虫属）Eukarya (eukaryotes)：真核生物Morphology：形态学Motility：运动性Mechanism：机制Developmental biology：发育生物学Adaptation：适应environmental extremes：极端环境Organic chemicals：有机化合物Inorganic chemicals：无机化合物Oxidizing：氧化Conserved：保存，保留high-energy compound：高能量化合物Aerobes：需氧生物Anaerobes：厌氧生物Chemoorganotrophs：化能有机营养生物Chemolithotrophs：化能无机营养生物Phototrophic：光和营养的Pigments：色素major nutrient：主要营养Heterotrophic：异养的Autotrophic：自养的Autotrophs；自养生物primary producers：初级生产者extreme environmental habitats：极端环境生境extremophiles：极端环境微生物，嗜极菌hot spring：温泉tolerant ：忍耐的pathogenic：致病的Phylum：门Aquifex：产液菌属Thermotoga：栖热孢菌属green nonsulfur bacteria：绿色非硫细菌deinococcus：异常球菌属spirochetes：螺旋体green sulfur bacteria紫硫细菌planctomyces：浮霉状菌属phylogenetic：系统发生的depicted：描述的marine：海洋halobacterium：盐杆菌属natronobacterium：嗜盐碱杆菌属halophilic methanogens：嗜盐产烷生物methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌属thermoplasma：热源体属methanobacterium：甲烷杆菌属methanococcus：甲烷球菌属pyrococcus：火球菌属pyrolobus：热叶菌属methanopyrus：嗜热甲烷菌属thermoproteus：热变形菌属desulfurococcus：硫还原球菌属sulfolobus：硫化叶菌属hyperthermophiles：嗜热细菌halophiles：嗜盐菌acidophiles：嗜酸菌filamentous：丝状的Protozoans：原生动物Motile：运动的Lichens：地衣Diplomonads：双滴虫Trichomonads：毛滴虫，微孢子虫Flagellates：鞭毛虫Ciliates：纤毛虫Green algae：绿藻Red algae：红藻Fungi：真菌Diatoms：硅藻属Brown algae：褐藻Apex：顶点Chapter 4Locomotion:运动、行动Inclusions：内含物、包涵物Light Microscopy：光学显微镜Bright-field：明视野Phase contrast：相差Dark-field：暗视野Fluorescence：荧光Magnification：放大率Resolution：分辨率Staining：染色Increasing Contrast for Bright-Field Microscopy：提高明视野显微镜的对比效果positively charged (cationic)：带正电的（阳离子，正离子）negatively charged：带负电的polysaccharide：多糖cationic dyes：阳离子染料Methylene blue：亚甲蓝Crystal violet：结晶紫Safranin：番红Differential stains-Gram stain：鉴别染色—格兰氏染色Gram-positive：格兰氏阳性Gram-negative：格兰氏阴性ethanol decolorizing：乙醇脱色refractive index：折射率specimen：样品scatter：分散，散射chlorophyll (autofluorescence)：叶绿素（自身荧光）Three-Dimensional Imaging：三维成像Drawbacks：限制，缺点Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC)：相差干涉显微镜Nucleus：核Eukaryotic cells：真核细胞Spores：孢子、芽孢Vacuole：液泡Granule：颗粒internal structure：内部结构Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)：原子力显微镜Fixatives:固定剂Coatings：膜、层、覆盖物Hydrated：水合物Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM)：聚焦扫描激光显微镜Couples：连接，伴随Habitat：生境resolving power：分辨率vacuum：真空Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)：透射电子显微镜thin sectioning, 超薄切片EM staining：电子显微镜染色Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)：扫描电子显微镜external features：外部特征prokaryote：原核生物Coccus (cocci)：球菌Rod：杆菌Spirilla：螺菌Spirochetes：螺旋体Appendaged bacteria：附属细菌Filamentous bacteria：丝状细菌in general inversely proportional to cell size：从大体上说是于细胞大小成反比的nanobacteria：纳米细菌precipitates：沉淀物biofilms：生物膜surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio表面积与体积比Membrane Transport Systems：膜运输系统Peptidoglycan：肽聚糖outer Membrane：外膜Glycerol backbone：甘油主键fatty acids：脂肪酸phosphate-containing groups-ester linkage：含有磷酸的基团—酯键phospholipid bilayer：磷脂双分子层hydrophobic：疏水的hydrophilic：亲水的phosphate group：磷酸基团embedded：内嵌的hydrophobic external surface spanning the membrane：疏水的外表面跨膜hydrogen bonds：氢键hydrophobic interaction：疏水相互作用transverse：横切fluid mosaic：流动镶嵌Membrane Strengthening Agents: Sterols and Hopanoids：膜巩固剂：固醇和类何帕烷chemical composition：化学组分methanotrophic：嗜甲烷细菌mycoplasmas：支原体exception：例外side chains：侧链isoprene：异戊二烯Glycerol diethers：甘油二醚glycerol tetraethers：甘油四醚monolayers：单分子层hyperthermophilic：极端嗜热Permeability barrier：渗透屏障（透性障）passive leakage：被动泄漏Protein anchor：蛋白锚定Energy conservation：能量贮存Proton motive force：质子动力Aquaporins：水通道蛋白low osmotic conditions：低渗透势条件hypo-osmotic shock：低渗透压休克Simple diffusion：简单扩散Carrier-mediated process：载体介导过程Uptake：摄取、吸收Saturated：饱和的Symporter：同向运输蛋白Uniporter:单向运输蛋白Antiporters：逆向运输蛋白Lac Permease：乳糖透过酶Lactose：乳糖Group translocation：基团转位Phosphotransferase system：磷酸转移酶系统Glucose：葡萄糖Mannose：甘露糖Fructose：果糖Phosphorylation：磷酸化Dephosphorylation：去磷酸化cascading fashion：级联方式phosphoenolpyruvate：磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸Periplasmic：周质的periplasmic -binding protein：周质结合蛋白maltose：麦芽糖disaccharide sugar：双糖a family of related proteins：相关蛋白的家族High affinity for substrate：对底物的高亲和力Hydrolysis：水解drive transport across the membrane：促进跨膜运输translocase：移位酶amylase：淀粉酶cellulase：纤维素酶starch：淀粉cellulose：纤维素toxin：毒素deleterious：有害的solutes：溶质turgor pressure：膨胀压Multilayered structure and complex：多层结构和复合体Periplasm space：周质空间Teichoic acids:磷壁酸ribitol phosphate residues核糖醇磷酸盐残基Lipoteichoic acid：脂磷壁酸Murein：胞壁质Derive：衍生物N-acetylglucosamine (G)：N—乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylmuramic acid (M)：N—乙酰胞壁酸L-alanine：L—丙氨酸D-glutamic acid：D—谷氨酸L-lysine：L—赖氨酸diaminopimelic acid (DAP)：二氨基庚二酸tetrapeptide：四肽glycan：聚糖ß-1,4 linkage：ß-1,4连接interbridge：肽间桥capsular polymers：荚膜Protoplasts：原生质体Spheroplasts：原生质球Mycoplasma：支原体Osmotically：渗透地Thermoplasma：热原体属Lysozyme：溶菌酶Penicillin：青霉素ß-1,4 –glycosidic bonds：ß-1,4糖苷键saliva：唾液autolysin：自溶素transpeptidation：转肽Pseudopeptidoglycan：假肽聚糖N-acetyltalosaminuronic acids：N-乙酰塔罗糖胺糖醛酸Glycosidic bonds：糖苷键Polysaccharide：多糖Glycoprotein：糖蛋白Methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌glucuronic acid葡糖醛酸：galactosamine：半乳糖胺acetate：乙酸haiophilic Archaea：嗜盐古生菌Halococcus：盐球菌Paracrystalline surface layer：类结晶表面层hexagonal symmetry：六角对称lipopolysaccharide (LPS layer) ：脂多糖Core polysaccharide：核心多糖O-polysaccharide：O—特异侧链LipidA：类脂ADisaccharide：双糖Endotoxin：内毒素Pathogenic：致病的Shigella：志贺氏菌属mol-weight ：分子量Hydrolytic enzymes：水解酶Chemoreceptor：化学受体Flagella：鞭毛（复数）Flagellum：鞭毛Peritrichous：周生Polar：极生Lophotrichous：丛生Filament：鞭毛丝Flagellin：鞭毛蛋白Hook：钩motor portion：motor蛋白L-ring：L环P-ring：P环MS-ring：MS环Flexing：摆动Cheetah：猎豹Gliding：滑动Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Myxococcus xanthus：黄色粘球菌physical or chemical gradients：物理或化学梯度Chemotaxes：趋化性Phototaxes：趋光性Other Taxes：其他趋性Temporal：时间的Spatial：空间的Tumbles：翻滚Attractant：引诱剂Scotophobotaxis (darkness escaping phototaxis)：避暗趋光性Aerotaxis：趋氧性Osmotaxis：趋渗透性Elucidated：阐述signal transduction pathway,：信号传导途径Gas Vesicle：气泡Endospore：芽孢Fimbriae：菌毛Pili：性毛Pellicles：菌膜Conjugation：接合Symmetries：对称性Capsules and Slime Layers:荚膜和黏液层The Glycocalyx：多糖包被Matrix：矩阵Deformed：变形Phagocytic：吞噬细胞的Desiccation：干燥作用Carbon Storage Polymers：碳源贮存物PHB, poly-ß-hydroxybutyric acid：聚ß羟丁酸PHA, poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoate：聚ß羟基链烷酸Magnetosomes：磁小体Intracellular crystal particles：细胞内晶体颗粒Magnetotaxis：趋磁性aquatic Bacteria：水生细菌buoyancy：浮力purple and green phototrophic bacteria：紫色和绿色光养细菌watertight：防水的ribs：脊ß-sheet：ß折叠ą-helix：ą螺旋Germination：萌发Halotolerant：耐盐的Permian：休眠Dominican amberGut：消化道Morphology：形态学Refractile：折光的Exosporium：孢子外壁Cortex：皮层Calcium-dipicolinic acid complex：钙—吡啶二羧酸Cytoplasm：细胞质Small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs：酸溶小芽孢蛋白Ceases：终止Sporulation：芽孢形成Bacillus subtili：枯草芽孢杆菌s Outgrowth：生长Chapter 51. Oxidation-Reduction 氧化还原反应2. Catabolic Pathways 异化途径3. Proton Motive Force 质子动势4. Macronutrients 大量营养元素5. Cytochromes 细胞色素6. cellular respiration 细胞呼吸7. Siderophores 铁传递蛋白8. hydroxamate, 异羟肟酸9．enterobactin 肠杆菌素10．Acuqchelin儿茶酚11. Micronutrients 微量营养元素12. Trace elements微量元素13. Streptococcus链球菌属14. Lactobacillus乳杆菌属15. Leuconostoc明串球菌属16. distilled water 蒸馏水17. casein 酪蛋白18. soybean 大豆19. Leuconostoc mesenteroides肠膜明串珠菌20. Fastidious 营养复杂的，挑剔的21. Aseptic Technique 无菌技术22. Exergonic 放能的23. Endergonic 吸能的24. Redox 氧化还原作用25. hydrogen atom 氢原子26. reactants 反应物27. Chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养28. Photophosphorylation 光和磷酸化29. Pyruvate 丙酮酸盐（或酯）30. Glycolysis 糖酵解31. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 3-磷酸甘油醛32. Saccharomyces cerevisa e啤酒酵母33. Beverage 饮料34. Yogurt 酸奶酪，酵母乳35. Pickled vegetables 盐渍蔬菜36. anaerobically 厌氧地37. Aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化38. Anaerobic oxidation 无氧氧化39. Dehydrogenase 脱氢酶40. Flavoproteins 黄素蛋白41. Iron-sulfur proteins 铁硫蛋白42. Quinones-non-protein 辅酶Q43. Heme 亚铁血红素44. Chemiosmosis 化学渗透势45. electrochemically potential 电子势46. alkaline 碱性的47. headpiece 帽子，头盔48. cyanide 氰化物49. Dinitrophenol(DNP) 二硝基苯酚50. Dicumarol 血液凝固防止剂51. the Citric Acid Cycle 柠檬酸循环52. aerobic respiration有氧呼吸53. Nitrate 硝酸盐54. ferric iron 铁离子55. sulfate 硫酸盐56. carbonate 碳酸盐57. Chemolithotrophy 矿质（无机）化能营养58. Ammonia 氨，氨水59. Chemolithotrophs 化能自养60. chemoorganotrophs 化能异养61. Phototrophy 光合营养62. Photoautotrophs 光合自养生物63. Phtoheterotrophs 光合异养生物64. Catabolism 分解代谢65. Anabolism 合成代谢Chapter 6Binary Fission二分裂Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Viable Counts活菌计数Turbidity浊度Continuous Culture连续培养Preexisting先前存在的Duplicate复制Monomers单体Coenzymes辅酶Cofactors辅助因子Polymerization reactions聚合反应Polymers聚合体Fts（f ilamentous t emperature s ensitive ）Protein ：丝状温敏蛋白mitochondria 线粒体chloroplasts叶绿体tubulin微管蛋白Divisome：分裂体Apparatus设备，仪器Cylinder圆柱体polymerize to form an intact ring聚合形成完整环penicillin青霉素MreBhomology 相同actin肌动蛋白cytoskeleton细胞骨架structural integrity结构的完整性autolysins自溶素lysozyme溶解酵素bactoprenol:细菌萜醇N-acetyl glucosamine N-乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylemuramic acid N-乙酰胞壁酸Pentapeptide peptidoglycan precursors五肽肽聚糖前体物Transpeptidation 转肽作用muramic acid residues 胞壁酸残基adjacent glycan chains 邻近多糖链noteworthy 值得注目的periplasm 周质Unsterilized 未灭菌的Detrimental 有害的Slope 斜面Semilogarithmic 半对数的Vessel 导管，器皿Elapsed时间流逝Inoculum 接种体Cryptic 秘密的Counting chambers：计数室plate count 平板计数colony count菌落计数Serial Dilutions 系列稀释Statistically：统计学地colony-forming unit 菌落形成单位Anomaly 不规则Magnitude 数量，量级Photometer 光度计Spectrophotometer 分光光度计The Chemostat 恒化器Cardinal 主要的，最重要的Optimum 最适宜的Pschrophile 嗜冷生物Mesophile 嗜温生物Thermophile 嗜热生物Hyperthermophile 极端嗜热生物Extremophiles 极端生物Psychrotolerant 耐寒的unsaturated fatty acids 不饱和脂肪酸morphological and physiological types形态的和生理的类型a critical amino acid substitution关键的氨基酸替代物counterpart 副本，配对物hydrophobic interiors 疏水的内部saturated fatty acids 饱和脂肪酸isoprene 异戊二烯monolayer 单层melting 熔化annealing退火Acidophile 嗜酸细菌Thiobacillus硫杆菌属Sulfolobus 硫化叶菌属Thermoplasma热源体属Alkaliphile 嗜碱微生物Carotenoids：类胡萝卜素Proteases 蛋白酶Lipases 脂肪酶Detergent 清洁剂Water activity：水活度vapor pressure 蒸汽压Osmophiles 嗜渗透微生物Xerophiles 旱生生物Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Glycerol 甘油，丙三醇Glycosides 配糖类Glycine 甘氨酸，氨基乙酸Betaine 甜菜碱Praline 果仁糖Staphylococcus葡萄球菌potassium ions钾离子Aerobes 需氧生物Anaerobes 厌氧生物thioglycolate broth巯基乙酸盐肉汤Anoxic jar 厌氧罐anoxic glove bag 厌氧手套peroxidase enzymes 过氧化物酶Airborn bacteria 空气携带菌Catalase 过氧化氢酶Peroxidase 过氧化物酶Superoxide dismutase 超氧化歧化酶（SOD）Superoxide reductase 超氧化还原酶obligately anaerobic：专性厌氧的Pyrococcus furiousus：激烈热球菌Chapter 7Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Pathogenic 致病的Pneumonia 肺炎polysaccharide capsule 多糖荚膜pathogenicity 致病性transformation 转化Versatile 通用的，万能的in vivo体内in vitro体外ultracentrifugal, 超离心的diffusive 扩散electrophoretic 电泳的Polypeptide cleaving enzymes 多肽裂解酶Ribonulclease 核糖核酸酶Deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶Amino acid 氨基酸hydrogen bonds 氢键grooves 凹槽polynucleotide多（聚）核苷酸Supercoiling 超螺旋Twisted 盘旋Predominantly 主要地Nucleosome 核小体Torsion 扭转Gyrase 解旋酶Topoisomerase：拓扑异构酶Nonchromosomal 非染色体的Extracellular 细胞外的Templates 模板deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸isotope同位素Density gradient equilibrium sedimentation密度梯度平衡沉降Cesium chloride 氯化铯Centrifugation 离心Detection of peaks检测高峰fidelity 忠诚度dilemma 进退两难的局面Okazaki fragment 冈崎片断Polymerase 聚合酶Exonuclease 核酸外切酶Ligase 连接酶Helicase 螺旋酶Initiation 起始Elongation 延伸Termination 终止Triphosphate 三磷酸盐Purine 嘌呤Bacillus subtilis ：枯草芽孢杆菌intrinsic terminators 内在终止子Transcription 转录Cotranscribed 共转录Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Operon 操纵子introns 内含子exons 外显子Splicing 拼接Ribonucleoprotein核蛋白（略作RNP）Capping 加帽Polyadenylation 多聚腺苷酸Deciphering 译码Polylysine多聚赖氨酸Polyproline 多聚脯氨酸Proline 脯氨酸Polyphenylalanine多聚苯基丙氨酸Phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸Trinucleotide 三核苷酸密码子Codons 密码子codon-degeneracy：密码子的简并性Formylmethionine 甲酰甲硫氨酸Methionine 蛋氨酸Methylated 甲基化的Synthetase 合成酶Catalyzing 催化The peptide transferase reaction 转肽反应Streptomycin 链霉素Puromycin 嘌呤霉素Chloramphenicol 氯霉素Cycloheximide 放线菌酮，环己酰亚胺Tetracycline 四环素molecular chaperones 分子伴侣aggregation 聚合Signal recognition particle (SRP) 信号识别颗粒Chapter 8Scarce protein 稀有蛋白Abundant protein 丰度蛋白Posttranslationally 翻译后地Coarser 粗糙的Precursor 前体物（分子），-先导物Degrading 降解Allostery 变构Conformational change 构象变化Isozymes 同工酶Covalent modification 共价修饰Methylation 甲基化Glutamine synthetase 谷氨酸盐合成酶allosteric enzyme 变构酶adenylylation 腺嘌呤形成Global Control全局调控Regulator proteins调节蛋白Histones 组蛋白Nucleosomes 核小体Inducer诱导物Substrate 底物Corepressor 辅阻遏物Polymerase 聚合酶Maltose regulon 麦芽糖调节子consensus sequence 保守序列utilization 利用operons 操纵子Regulon调节子global regulatory system全局调控系统lac Operon 乳糖操纵子simultaneously 同时地Constitutive mutant组成型突变体lactose 乳糖Glucose 葡萄糖glucose effect葡萄糖效应diauxic growth二次生长Catabolite Repression分解代谢物阻遏catabolite activator protein (CAP)激活蛋白（活化蛋白）cAMP-receptor protein (CRP)环腺苷酸受体蛋白hydrolyze 水解galactose 半乳糖Galactosidase半乳糖苷酶Hydrolysis 水解Modulates 调节galactoside permease 半乳糖苷透性酶thiogalactoside transacetylase 硫代半乳糖苷转乙酰酶allolactose 异乳糖diffusible 可扩散的Intact copy完整拷贝positive control正调节negative control副调节Attenuation 衰减，弱化Two-component Regulatory Systems双组分调控系统Sensory proteins (transducers)感受器蛋白MCP –transducers MCP感受器m ethyl-accepting c hemotaxis proteins(MCP)接受甲基趋化性蛋白Methylase甲基化酶Chemotaxis 趋化性Tryptophan Operon 色氨酸操纵子Tandom 串联重复Insufficient 不足Termination 终止Dual Regulation of Trp Operon色氨酸的二重调节Translational attenuation翻译衰减（弱化）Bacillus subtilis 枯草芽孢杆菌trp attenuation protein色氨酸弱化蛋白Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Heat Shock Response 热激反应Global Control Networks全局调控网络Quorum Sensing：最少密度感应degraded by proteases 被蛋白酶降解Heat shock protein热激蛋白chaperones (chaperonin) 分子伴侣acylated homoserine lactone 酰化的高丝氨酸内酯bioluminescence 生物发光Sensor Kinases感受器激酶phosphorylation 磷酸化The phosphoryl group 磷酰基团Demethylated 脱甲基Flagellum 鞭毛Rotation of flagellum鞭毛旋转clockwise 顺时针counterclockwise 逆时针Antisense Nucleic Acid反义核酸Compartmentation分区Polycistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA Splicing 接合，粘接Chapter 9Essentials本质Viral Replication病毒复制Viral Diversity病毒多样性Chromosome染色体Conferring new properties on the host赋予宿主新的特性Extracellular state-virus particles (virions)胞外状态-病毒颗粒（病毒粒子）Lysis：裂解genomic nucleic acid基因组核酸Intracellular state胞内状态the central dogma of molecular biology分子生物学中心法则Taxonomy分类学Bacteriophage嗜菌体Order目family (and subfamily)科（亚科）genus属species种morphology形态学suffix后缀Hepadnaviruses嗜肝DNA病毒Smallpox 天花病毒Polio virus 脊髄灰质炎病毒Nucleocapsid核壳体naked and enveloped裸露和包被的self-assembly自我装配molecular chaperones分子伴侣Virus Symmetry病毒对称Helical symmetry螺旋状对称Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)烟草花叶病毒Icosahedral Symmetry二十面体Complex viruses复合体病毒Complex Symmetry复合体对称lipid bilayer脂双层glycoproteins糖蛋白Lysozyme溶菌酶reverse transcriptase逆转录酶retroviruses逆转录病毒Neuraminadase 神经氨酸酶(唾液酸苷酶)Semiliquid半流体Protoplasts原生质体Monolayer单层permanent cell lines：亲本细胞系primary cell lines：原初细胞系virus infection unit病毒侵染单位Plaque嗜菌斑tumor virus肿瘤病毒Plaque assay空斑测定Titer滴度，效价Suspension悬浮液plaque-forming units噬菌斑形成单位Attachment and Penetration吸附和侵入tail fibers尾丝polysaccharide多聚糖tail pins尾针Contraction 收缩tail sheath尾鞘Restriction enzyme限制性酶Invasion入侵methylation of purine and pyrimidine bases嘌呤和嘧啶碱基的甲基化glucosylation糖基化methylation甲基化Virulent Bacteriophage裂性噬菌体Temperate Bacteriophage温和噬菌体Viriods and Prions类病毒和朊病毒Schematic representations示意表示图Linear线性的Encode编码Hydroxymethylcytosine羟甲基胞嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶restriction endonucleases限制性内切酶circularly permuted环状变化Terminal repeats 末端重复Concatemer多联体Lysogeny溶原性Synchrony同步Provirus前病毒nitrogen mustards氮芥cohesive粘性的lysis or lysogeny裂解或溶源bidirection双向repressor protein 阻遏蛋白irrevocably不可逆地integrase整合酶PE(promoter establishment)启动子建立Topoisomerase拓扑异构酶Bracket括号Excisionase切除酶Compartmentation分隔Polycistronic多顺反子性的Monocistronic单顺反子性的5’ methylated guanosine triphosphate cap and 3’ poly A tail：5’甲基化三磷酸鸟苷酸帽子和3’多聚腺苷酸尾巴Endocytosis 内吞作用Lytic infection裂解传染Persistent infection持久传染Latent infection潜伏传染Foci焦距benign 良性的malignant 恶性的metastasis转移oncogenes致癌基因intermediate中间的Human immunodefiency virus (HIV)人类免疫缺陷病毒acquired immunodefiency syndrome (AIDS)获得性免疫缺陷综合症internal proteins内部蛋白endonuclease核酸内切酶Protease蛋白酶5’ capped and 3’ polyadenylated: 5’帽化和3’聚腺苷酸化Encapsidation壳体化Budding出芽RNA dependent DNA polymerase（RdDp）依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶DNA dependent DNA polymerase（DdDp）依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶Ribonuclease H核糖核酸酶Hcoconut cadang-cadang viroid椰子可可树类病毒citrus exocortis viroid柑橘裂皮类病毒scrape刮伤BSE: bovine spongiform encephalopathy牛绵状脑病pathogenic proteins病原蛋白质insoluble不可溶解的mad cow disease 疯牛病Chapter 10In Vivo活体内Mutants突变体Carcinogenesis致癌作用The Ames Test埃姆斯试验Genotype基因型Phenotype表现型lowercase letters小写字母uppercase letters大写字母italics斜体字superscript上标progeny后代Screening筛选Selection挑选Penicillin青霉素Lysozyme水解酶Spheroplast原生质球Nutritional Mutants营养突变体Imprint印迹Prototroph原养型Auxotroph营养缺陷型histidine auxotrophs组氨酸营养缺陷型微生物Spontaneous自发的Induced诱发的Point mutations点突变Base-Pair Substitutions碱基置换Silent mutation沉默突变Missense mutation错义突变Triplet三联体Temperature-sensitive mutants 温度敏感突变体conditionally lethal mutants条件致死突变体Nonsense mutation 无义突变Back Mutations or Reversions回复突变Compensate 补偿Transposition转位，转座proof-reading校对epidemic流行病Mutagens诱变剂Base analogs碱基类似物Radiation 辐射Transposon转位子，转座子Site-Directed Mutagenesis定点突变Mutagenicity致突变性Protocol 方案salmonella enterica沙门氏肠菌Trp- auxotroph色氨酸营养缺陷型Errorprone错误倾向Plasmids质粒Homologous 同源的redundant pathways冗余的途径Homologous Recombination同源重组SSB protein单链结合蛋白RecA protein RecA蛋白Nick formation缺口形成Strand invasion链侵入Heteroduplex formation 杂合双链形成Transformation转化Transduction转导Conjugation接合Transfection 转染Artificially Induced Competence人工诱导感受态Acinetobacter不动杆菌属Azotobacter固氮菌属Bacillus杆菌属Streptococcus链球菌属Haemophilus嗜血菌属Neisseria奈瑟球菌属Thermus栖热菌属Electroporation电穿孔Generalized transduction普遍性转导Specialized transduction特异性（局限性）转导Recipient受体temperate or virulent温和的或者裂性的lysogenization溶源化作用randomly incorporate随机整合Phage Conversion溶源转变，噬菌体转变Prophage前噬菌体Polysaccharide多糖Nontoxin非毒素Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉杆菌toxin 毒素Supercoiled configuration超螺旋构型Incompatibility 不相容性，不亲和性Episomes游离体，附加体Curing（噬菌体）治愈Conjugative可接合的Hfr (high frequency of recombination)高频重组Rhizobium根瘤菌属Pseudomonas of octane辛烷假单胞菌camphor and naphthalene樟脑和卫生球Bacteriocins细菌素Resistance Plasmids- R Plasmids抗性质粒Sulfonamides磺胺药物Streptomycin链霉素Spectinomycin壮观霉素fusidic acid梭链孢酸chloramphenicol 氯霉素tetracycline四环素mercury汞Therapies治疗物Diarrhea痢疾CFA-colonization factor antigen 入侵因子抗原hemolysin and enterotoxin溶血素和肠毒素a wider spectrum of activity广谱活性colicins大肠肝菌素subtilisin枯草杆菌蛋白酶NisinA乳酸菌肽Arolling cycle replication滚环复制pilus菌毛IS(insertion sequences)插入序列Interrupted Mating中断杂交Agitation搅拌transposable elements转座因子transposase转位酶inverted terminal repeats末端反向重复序列Conservation保存，保守Replicative重复的Bacteriophages噬菌体Cointegrate共合体cointegrate structure共合体结构Mutagenesis with Transponsable Elements用转座子诱变insertional inactivation插入失活neomycin and kanamycin resistance新霉素和卡那霉素抗性tetracycline 四环素biological mutagen生物诱变剂vector载体Integrons整合子Integrase整合酶Genetic Map基因图谱Operon操纵子Polycistronic mRNA 多顺反子mRNABidirection双向Highly expressed genes高度表达基因Horizontal gene transfer水平基因转移Haemophilus influenzae流感嗜血杆菌Hyperthermophiles极端嗜热微生物Mycoplasma genitalium生殖道支原体Chlorella 绿藻的一种Methanococcus jannaschii詹氏甲烷球菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae啤酒酵母Streptomyces coelicolor天蓝色链霉菌Treponema pallidum苍白密螺旋体（梅毒密螺旋体）Thermotoga maritima海栖热孢菌Unidentified reading frame-URF未经确认的阅读框架Genomic mining基因组挖掘Paralogs侧向同源Orthologs直向同源obligate parasitic bacterium严格寄生菌Helicobacter pylori螺旋幽门菌cyanobacterium Synechocytis 蓝细菌introns内含子Plasmodium falciparum疟原虫Malaria疟疾Encephalitozoon cuniculi 家兔脑内原虫病Ustilago maydis玉米黑粉病Phytopathogenic fungus植物病原真菌smut disease黑穗病Chapter 11Stromatolites叠层石Fossiled 化石Filamentous丝状的Systematics系统学Taxonomy分类法Diversification多样化Phylogeny系统发生, 发展史Endosymbiosis内共生Prokaryotes原核生物trapped sediments捕捉的沉淀物phototrophic bacteria光养细菌anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria 厌氧光养细菌lipoprotein vesicles脂蛋白小泡cyanobacterium 蓝细菌entity实体ferrous亚铁的photosynthesis光合作用oxygenation加氧作用，氧气形成oxic有氧的ozone shield臭氧层eukaryotes cell真核细胞chemoorganotrophic化能有机营养mitochondrion线粒体cytoplasm细胞质chloroplast叶绿体endosymbiotic内共生的phototroph光养生物，光能利用菌symbionts共生体metazoan后生生物Evolutionary Chronometers进化时钟Homologous function相同功能Sequence alignment序列排列，序列对比ATPase ATP酶genetic recombination遗传重组Ribosomal核糖体的Phylogenetic系统发生的Cellular细胞的Microbial Community Analysis微生物群体分析phylogenetic tree系统发育树Evolutionary distance ED 进化距离fluorescent i n-s itu h ybridization荧光素原位杂交Horizontal (lateral) gene transfer 水平（侧向）基因转移human genome人类基因组nematode线虫yeast酵母mustard芥菜parasites寄生虫vertebrates脊椎动物Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Cellulose纤维素Chitin几丁质，壳质Archaea古生菌Lipids脂质Ester酯RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶Polypeptides多肽Framework框架Phenotype显型，表现型Phylogenetics系统发生学Classical Taxonomy Morphology传统形态分类学fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) 脂肪酸甲基酯hybridization杂交genus属Molecular fingerprinting分子指纹PCR amplification聚合酶链式反应扩增Speciation物种形成coexist 共存prime ecological niche最初生态位ecotypes生态型Nomenclature命名法Manual手册Chapter 18Biodiversity 生物多样性Quantification 定量microorganisms微生物habitats栖息地Enrichment富集培养Staining染色Radioisotopes放射性同位素Microelectrodes微电极in situ（原位）Pure Culture纯培养Counterselective反选择enrichment vehicle富集培养手段purple紫色phototrophic光养anaerobes厌氧微生物microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统tubes试管Agar shake琼脂震荡法dilution 稀释molten agar熔化的琼脂serial dilution 系列稀释inoculum接种体most probable numbers (MPN)最大概率数The Laser Tweezers 激光镊子microscopy显微镜术infrared laser 红外线激光器micromanipulation device显微操作装置trapped捕集的laser beam 激光柱contaminating污染Stable Isotope稳定同位素Azotobacter n.固氮(细)菌。
医学微生物学基本词汇英汉对照表范文
单词注释单词注释a cacquired immunodificie ncy syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）schlamydia psittaci 鹦鹉热衣原体active immunit 自动免疫chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体acute infection 急性感染chronic infection 慢性感染acyclovir 无环鸟苷classical biotype 古典生物型adenoviridae 腺病毒科clostridium 梭状芽胞杆菌属adenovirus 腺病毒cl.botulinum 肉毒梭菌adhesin 粘附素cl.difficile 艰难梭菌adsorption 吸附cl.perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌amantadine 金刚烷胺cl.tetani 破伤风梭菌amphotericin b 二性霉素b coagulase 血浆凝固酶anaerobicbacteria厌氧菌coccidioides immitis 厌酷球孢子菌antibiotic 抗生素coccus 球菌antigenic drift 抗原性漂移colonizzation factor 定居因子antigenic shift 抗原性转变complex symmetry 复合对称antisepsis 防腐continuous cell culture 传代细胞培养antitoxicimmunity抗毒素性免疫 cord factor 索状因子antitoxin 抗毒素core 核心apparentinfection显性传染coronaviridae 冠状病毒科arenaviridae 沙粒病毒科corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属artificial activeimmunity人工自动免疫 c.diphtheriae 白喉杆菌artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫 coxiella 柯克斯体属aspergillus 曲霉菌coxsackie virus 柯萨奇病毒asepsis 无菌cryptococcus neoformans 新新型隐球菌assembly 装配cubic symmetry 立体对称avp 抗病毒蛋白cytocitic infection 杀细胞感染bacillicalmette-guerin, bcg卡介苗cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒bacillus 杆菌cytopathogenic effect 细胞致病作用b.anthraci 炭疽杆菌c-onc 细胞原癌基因b dbacteremia 菌血症defective interfering particles 缺损干扰颗粒bacteriocin 细菌素dengue virus 登革病毒bacteriod 类杆菌dermatophytes 皮肤丝状菌b.fragilis 脆弱类杆菌diphtheria 白喉b.melaninogenicus黑色素类杆菌 diplococcus 双球菌bacteriophage 噬菌体diploid cell culture 二倍体细胞培养bacterium 细菌disinfection 消毒blastomyces dermatitidis 皮炎芽生菌enteroniavasive escherichiacol,eiec肠侵袭性大肠杆菌bordetellapertussis百日咳杆菌endogenous infection 内源性感染borrelia 疏螺旋体属el-tor biotype 埃尔托生物型b.recurrentis 回归热螺旋体 endotoxin 内毒素b.vincenti 奋森氏螺旋体enteric cytopathogenic humanorpan virus,埃可病毒b.burdorfe 莱姆病螺旋体 enterobacteriaceae 肠粘附性大肠杆菌botulism 肉毒中毒enterohemorrhagic escherichiacoli,etec肠产毒性大肠杆菌brucella 布氏杆菌属enterovirus 肠道病毒br.bovis 牛布氏杆菌envelope 囊膜br.melitensis 羊布氏杆菌enteropathoginc escherichiacoli,epec肠致病性大肠杆菌br.suis 猪布氏杆菌epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属bunyaviridae 布尼安病毒科 epstein-barr virus,eb virus eb eb病毒calmett-guerinsvaccine卡介苗escherichia 埃希氏菌属campylobacter 弯曲菌属 e.coli 大肠杆菌c.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌exogenous infection 外源性感染candidaalbicans白色念珠菌exotoxin 外毒素capsid 衣壳fimbriae 纤毛capsomere 壳微粒flagellum 鞭毛capsule 荚膜flaviviridae 黄病毒科carrier 带菌者fungus 真菌cell culture 细胞培养fusion 融合cell fusion 细胞融合ganciclovir 丙氧鸟苷cell wall 细胞壁genetic engineering 基因工程chitin 甲壳质genetic recombination 基因重组chlamydiae 衣原体growth inhibition test 生长抑制实验chlamydiapneumonia肺炎衣原体guarneiri body 顾氏小体hantaan virus 汉滩病毒horizontal tansmission 水平传播hantavirus 汉坦病毒属human immunodeficiency virus,hiv 人免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病病毒）halophilicvibrio嗜盐弧菌hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hbcag 乙型肝炎病毒immunofluorescence technic,ift 免疫荧光法核心抗原 hbeag 乙型肝炎病毒e 抗原inapparent imfection隐性传染 hbsag 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原inclusion body包涵体hbv dna polymerase 乙型肝炎病毒dna 聚合酶 infectious mononucleosis传染性单核细胞增多症 heat-labiletoxin,lt 不耐热肠毒素 inferferon(ifn)干扰素 heat-stabletoxin,st耐热肠毒素 integrated infection整合传染 hela cells,hela 细胞 invasiveness 侵袭力 hemagglutinin,ha血凝集japanese encephalitis virus,jev 日本脑炎病毒hemagglutination-inhibition test血凝抑制试验 japanese b encephalitis,jbe 日本乙型脑炎hemagglutinati on phenomenon 血凝现象 klebsiella 克雷伯氏菌属 hemolysin 溶血素 k.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯氏菌hemlphilus 嗜血杆菌属 lactobacillus乳杆菌属 h.influenzae 流行性感冒杆菌latent infection潜伏感染hemorrhagicfever with renal syndrome 肾综合征合征出血热ld50半数致死量helicalsymmetry螺旋对称legionella 军团菌属 hepadnaviridae 嗜肝病毒科 legionnaires disease 军团菌病 hepatitis avirus,hav 甲型肝炎病毒 lentivirinae慢病毒科 hepatitis bvirus,hbv乙型肝炎病毒 leptospira钩端螺旋体属 hepatitis virus 肝炎病毒 local infection 局部感染 herpes simplexvirus单纯疱疹病毒 lipopolysaccharide,lps脂多糖 varicella-zostervirus带状疱疹病毒 lysogenic bacteria溶原性细菌 herpetoviridae 疱疹病毒科 lysogeny 溶原状态 human herps virus type 6、7 人疱疹病毒6、7型lysogenic phage溶原性噬菌体 histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌lyssavirus狂犬病毒科measles virus 麻疹病毒papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科mesosome 中介体parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒metabolicinhibition test代谢抑制试验 parmyxoviridae 副粘病毒科metachromaticgranules异染颗粒paramyxovirus 副粘病毒microbiology 微生物学parvoviridae 微小病毒科microcapsule 微荚膜parvavirus 微小病毒mcrococcustetragenus四联球菌penicillium 青霉菌micrometer,micron(u=um)微米penetration 穿入microorganism 微生物peplomer 囊微粒mold 霉菌persistent infection 持续性感染moniliaalbicans白色念珠菌pesticine-1 鼠疫杆菌杀菌素mucor 毛霉菌picornaviridae 小核糖核酸病毒科mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒pilus(或fimbrae) 菌毛mutation 突变plague 鼠疫mycelium 菌丝体plaque forming unit,pfu 空斑形成单位mycobacterium 分枝杆菌属plasmid 质粒m.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌 plasmin 胞浆素mycolic acid 分枝菌酸poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒mycoplasma 支原体属polykaryocyte 多核巨细胞mycostatin 制霉菌素poly i:c,polyinosinic:cytrdyeic acid 多聚肌苷酸：胞苷酸mycotoxicosis 真菌毒素中毒症poxviridae 痘病毒科mycrosporum 小孢子癣菌属 poxvirus 痘病毒nairovirus 内罗病毒属pre-s antigen 前s抗原negri body 内基氏小体primary cell culture 原代细胞培养neisseria 奈瑟氏菌属prickle cell 棘细胞n.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟氏力 prion 蛋白侵染因子n.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌β-propialactone β-丙内脂newenterovirus新型肠道病毒 prophage 前噬菌体normal flora 正常菌群proteus 变形杆菌nuclearmaterial核质protoplast 原生质体nucleocapsid 核衣壳provirus 前病毒oldtuberculin,ot旧结核菌素pseudomonas 假单胞菌属oncornavirusrna肿瘤病毒p.aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌orthomyxoviridae正粘病毒科purified protein derivative,ppd 纯化蛋白衍生物orthomyxovirus正粘病毒pyosepticemia 脓毒血症humanpapilloma virus乳头瘤病毒pyrogen 热原质rabies virus 狂犬病病毒sh.boydii 鲍氏志贺氏菌receptorbinding protein受体连接蛋白 sh.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺氏菌release 释放sh.flexneri 福氏志贺氏菌reoviridae 呼肠孤病毒科 sh.sonnei 宋内氏志贺氏菌replication 复制slow infection 慢发性感染resistancefactor耐药因子spheroplast 原生质球resistance transfer factor,ptf 耐药性传递因子spike 刺突respiratorysyncytialvirus,rs virus呼吸道病毒spirillum 螺菌respiratoryviruses逆转录病毒科 spore 芽胞，孢子retroviridae 逆转录病毒staphylococcus 葡萄球菌retrovirus 逆转录酶stap.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌reversetranscriptase弹状病毒科stap.epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌rhabdoviridae 病毒唑stap.protein a,spa 葡萄球菌a蛋白ribavirin(virozol)rna病毒sterdy state infection 稳定感染rickettsia 立克次氏体属 sterillization 灭菌rifampin 利福平streptococcus 链球菌属ringworm fungi 癣菌strep.anhemolyticus 非溶血性链球菌rochalimaea 罗沙利马体属 strep.hemolyticus 溶血性链球菌（乙型链球菌）rotavirus 轮状病毒strp.pneumonia 肺炎链球菌russianspring-summer encephalitis virus 苏联春夏季脑炎病毒strep.viridans 草绿色链球菌（甲型链球菌）sabourauds medium 沙保氏培养培养基streptodornase 链道酶salmonella 沙门氏菌属streptokinase 链激酶s.choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙氏菌 subclinical infection 亚临床感染s.typhi 伤寒沙门氏菌 subunit vaccine 亚单位疫苗s.paratyphi 副伤寒沙门氏subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 亚急性硬化性全脑炎菌sspes.typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌subvirus 亚病毒sarcina 八迭球菌syncytium 合胞体shigella 志贺菌属syphilis 梅毒tcid50 50% 组织细胞感染量systemic infection 全身感染teichoic acid 磷壁酸vertical transmission 垂直传播temperatephage温和噬菌体vibrio 弧菌属temperature-sensitive conditional mutant,ts 温度敏感突变株v.cholerae 霍乱弧菌thymidinekinase胸腺核苷激酶 veillenella 韦荣氏球菌属togaviridae 披膜病毒科virino 朊病毒toxemia 毒血症virion 病毒体toxin 类毒素viroid 类病毒toxoid 密螺旋体属virulence 毒力treponema 梅毒螺旋体virulent phage 毒性噬菌体t.pallidum 雅司螺旋体virus 病毒t.pertenue 毛癣菌属virusoid 拟病毒trichophyton 毛癣菌素v—onc 病毒癌基因trichophytin 脱壳widal test 肥达氏试验uncoating 脲原体属yersinia 耶尔森氏菌属ureaplasma 脲原体属y.pestis 鼠疫杆菌vaccine 疫苗y.pseudotuberculosis 假结核杆菌。
微生物英汉对照.
Lactobacillus （Lactic Acid Bacteria /LAB）乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei 干酪乳杆菌（凯氏乳杆菌）Lactobacillus plantarum 植物乳杆菌spray drying 喷雾干燥1actic acid bacterium expolysacchafides / LAB EPS 乳酸菌胞外多糖Lactobacillus rhamnosus 鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus paracasei 副干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri 罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus Fermentum 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus Acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌L.brevis 短乳杆菌L. Curvatus 弧形乳杆菌Lactobacillus bifermentans 双发酵乳杆菌L. delbrueckii bulgaricus 德式保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus 保加利亞乳桿菌L. HelveticusL. JohnsoniiLeuconostoc mesenteroides 肠膜明串珠菌Lactobacillus vaccinostercus 牛痘乳杆菌lactobacillus sakei 沙克乳杆菌Lactobacillus sakei 米酒乳杆菌Lactococcus sp./Lc. pisciumCarnobacterium sp./Car. divergensLactobacillus.helveticu 瑞士乳杆菌Bifidobacterium sp. 双歧杆菌（或比菲德氏菌）Carnobacterium - 肉杆菌属Carnobacterium alterfunditum - 类湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium divergens - 广布肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 沉积层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 底层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium gallinarum - 鸡肉杆菌Carnobacterium gingivalis - Carnobacterium ochraceusCarnobacterium mobile - 活动肉杆菌Carnobacterium mobile - 疏松肉杆菌Clostridium perfringens 產氣莢模桿菌Clostridium difficile 梭胞桿菌Candida albicans 白色念珠菌屬Escherichia coli 病原性大腸桿菌enterocins伏尔加霉素Listeria 李士德菌屬Pediococcus pentosaceus 戊糖片球菌Pseudomonas 假單胞菌屬／帚狀菌屬Streptococcus thermophilus 嗜高溫鏈球菌Salmonella typhimurium 傷寒桿菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌Weissella - 魏斯氏菌属Weissella confusa - 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa - 融合魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐乳杆菌Weissella hellenica - 赫伦魏斯氏菌Weissella kandleri - 坎德勒氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏魏斯氏菌Weissella minor - 稍小乳杆菌目前普遍認為的乳酸菌已由早期的四個屬再細分及擴充為下列十一個屬：(1)乳酸桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)(2)明串球菌屬(Leuconostoc)(3)鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus)(4)足球菌屬(Pediococcus)(5)有孢子乳酸菌(Sporolactobacillus)(6)腸球菌屬(Enterococcus)(7)乳酸球菌屬(Lactococcus)(8)肉品桿菌屬(Carnobacterium)(9)徘徊球菌屬(Vagococcus)(10)四體球菌(Tetragenococcus)(11)雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacterium)··生物梅里埃细菌英中文对照表AAbiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defective 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aerococcus viridans 绿浅气球菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr. 嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种BBacteroides caccae 粪拟杆菌Bacteroides capillosus 多毛拟杆菌Bacteroides eggerthii 埃氏拟杆菌Bacteroides fragilis 脆弱拟杆菌Bacteroides levii 利氏拟杆菌Bacteroides merdae 屎拟杆菌Bacteroides ovatus 卵形拟杆菌Bacteroides stercoris 粪便拟杆菌Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 多形拟杆菌Bacteroides uniformis 单形拟杆菌Bacteroides ureolyticus 解脲拟杆菌Bacteroides vulgatus 普通拟杆菌Bergeyella zoohelcum 动物溃疡伯格菌Bifidobacterium adolescentis 青春双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium bifidum 双岐双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium breve 短双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium dentium 齿双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium infantis 婴儿双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium spp 双岐杆菌属某些种Bordetella avium 鸟博德特菌Bordetella bronchiseptica 支气管炎博德特菌Bordetella spp 博德特菌属某些种Branhamella catarrhalis 粘膜炎布兰汉球菌Brevendimonas diminuta 缺陷短波单胞菌Brevendimonas vesicularis 泡囊短波单胞菌Brevibacterium casei 乳酪短杆菌Brevibacterium epidermidis 表皮短杆菌Brevibacterium spp 短杆菌属某些种Brucella spp 布鲁菌属某些种Budvicia aquatica 水生布戴约维采菌Burkholderia cepacia 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia diminuta 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Buttiauxella agrestis 乡间布丘菌CCampylobacter coli 大肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter fetus fetus 胚胎弯曲杆菌胚胎亚种Campylobacter fetus venerealis 胚胎弯曲杆菌性病亚种Campylobacter hyointestinalis 豚肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter jejuni doylei 空肠弯曲杆菌德莱亚种Campylobacter jejuni jejuni 空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种Campylobacter lari 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌Campylobacter lari UPTC 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌UPTC变种Campylobacter mucosalis 粘膜弯曲杆菌Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus 唾液弯曲杆菌牛生物变种Campylobacter sputorrum fecalis 唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种Campylobacter upsaliensis 乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌Candida albicans 白假丝酵母Candida boidinii 博伊丁假丝酵母Candida catenulata 链状假丝酵母Candida ciferrii 西弗假丝酵母Candida colliculosa 软假丝酵母Candida curvata 弯假丝酵母Candida dattila dattila 假丝酵母Candida drusei 克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida dubliniensis 杜氏假丝酵母Candida famata 无名假丝酵母Candida glabrata 光滑假丝酵母Candida globosa 球形假丝酵母Candida guilliermondii 高里假丝酵母Candida hellenical (=C. steatolytica) Candida holmii 霍氏假丝酵母Candida inconspicua 平常假丝酵母Candida intermedia 中间假丝酵母Candida kefyr 乳酒假丝酵母Candida krusei 克柔假丝酵母Candida lambica 郎比可假丝酵母Candida lipolytica 解脂假丝酵母Candida lusitaniae 葡萄牙假丝酵母Candida magnoliae 木兰假丝酵母Candida melibiosica 口津假丝酵母Candida membranaefaciens 璞膜假丝酵母Candida norvegensis 挪威假丝酵母Candida norvegica norvegica 假丝酵母Candida parapsilosis 近平滑假丝酵母Candida pelliculosa 菌膜假丝酵母Candida pulcherrima 铁红假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱落假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱褶假丝酵母Candida sake 清酒假丝酵母Candida silvicola 森林假丝酵母Candida sphaerica 园球形假丝酵母Candida tropicalis 热带假丝酵母Candida utilis 产朊假丝酵母Candida valida 粗状假丝酵母Candida zeylanoides 诞沫假丝酵母Capnocytophaga gingivalis 牙龈二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga ochracea 黄褐二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga spp 二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属某些种Capnocytophaga sputigena 生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌CDC gruop IV C-2 CDC菌群IV C-2Cedecea davisae 戴氏西地西菌Cedecea lapagei 拉氏西地西菌Cedecea neteri 奈氏西地西菌Cedecea spp 西地西菌属某些种Cellulomonas spp 纤维单胞菌属某些种Cellulomonas turbata 特氏纤维单胞菌Ceotruchum candidum 假丝地霉Ceotruchum capitatum 头状地霉Ceotruchum fermenfans 发酵地霉Ceotruchum penicillatum 潘氏地霉Ceotruchum spp 地霉菌属某些种Chromobacterium violaceum 紫色色杆菌Chryseobacterium indologenes 产吲哚金黄杆菌Chryseobacterium meningosepticum 脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌Chryseomonas luteola 浅黄金色单胞菌Citrobacter amalonaticua 无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter braakii 布氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter farmeri 法氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii group 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌群Citrobacter koseri 柯氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri 克氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri (= C.diversus) 克氏柠檬酸杆菌（=差异柠檬酸杆菌）Citrobacter koseri/amalonaticus 克氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter youngae 杨氏柠檬酸杆菌Clostridium acetobutylicum 丙酮丁醇梭杆菌Clostridium barati 巴氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii 拜氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii /butyricum 拜氏/丁酸梭菌Clostridium bifermentans 双酶梭菌Clostridium botlinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridium butyricum 丁酸梭菌Clostridium cadaveris 尸毒梭菌Clostridium clostridiiforme 梭状梭菌Clostridium difficile 艰难梭菌Clostridium fallax 谲诈梭菌Clostridium glycolicum 乙二醇梭菌Clostridium hastiforme 矛形梭菌Clostridium histolyticum 溶组织梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害芽胞梭菌Clostridium limosum 泥渣梭菌Clostridium paraputrificum 类腐败梭菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridium ramosum 多枝梭菌Clostridium septicum 败毒梭菌Clostridium sordellii 索氏梭菌Clostridium sporogenes 生孢梭菌Clostridium spp 梭菌属某些种Clostridium subterminale 近端梭菌Clostridium tertium 第三梭菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridium tyrobutyricum 酪丁酸梭菌Comamonas acidovorans 食酸丛毛单胞菌Comamonas spp 丛毛单胞菌属某些种Comonas testosteroni 睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌Corynebacterium accolens 拥挤棒杆菌Corynebacterium afermentans 非发酵棒杆菌Corynebacterium amycolatum 无枝菌酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium aquaticum 水生棒杆菌Corynebacterium argentoratense 银色棒杆菌Corynebacterium auris 耳棒杆菌Corynebacterium bovis 牛棒杆菌Corynebacterium cystitidis 膀胱炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis 重白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis 缓和白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum 解葡萄糖苷Corynebacterium group F- 1 F-1群棒杆菌Corynebacterium group G G群棒杆菌Corynebacterium jeikeium 杰氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium kutscher 库氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium macginleyi 麦氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium minutissimum 极小棒杆菌Corynebacterium pilosum 多毛棒杆菌Corynebacterium propinquum 丙酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 假白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 假结核棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale group 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌群Corynebacterium seminale 生殖棒杆菌Corynebacterium striatum 纹带棒杆菌Corynebacterium ulcerans 溃疡棒杆菌Corynebacterium urealyticum 解脲棒杆菌Cryptococcus albidus 浅白隐球酵母Cryptococcus humicola 土生隐球菌Cryptococcus humicolus 土生隐球酵母Cryptococcus laurentii 罗伦隐球酵母Cryptococcus neoformans 新型隐球酵母Cryptococcus terreus 地生隐球酵母Cryptococcus uniguttulatus 指甲隐球酵母Cryytococcus neoformans 白地霉DDebaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种EEdwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus hirae 海氏肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌FFlavimonas oryzihabitans 栖稻黄色单胞菌Fusobacterium mortiferum 死亡梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrogenes 坏疽梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrophorum 坏死梭杆菌Fusobacterium nucleatum 具核梭杆菌Fusobacterium varium 可变梭杆菌GGardnerella vaginalis 阴道加德纳氏菌Gemella haemolysans 溶血孪生球菌Gemella mobillorum 麻疹孪生球菌Geotrichum candidum 白地霉Geotrichum capitatum 头状地霉Geotrichum penicillatum 帚状地霉Gordona spp 戈登菌属某些种HHaemophilus aphrophilus 嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae I 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus influenzae II 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus influenzae III 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus influenzae IV 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus influenzae V 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus influenzae VI 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus influenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus influenzae VIII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae 副流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus parainfluenzae I 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae II 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae III 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae IV 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae V 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VI 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VIII 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus paraphrophilus 副嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus somnus 睡眠嗜血杆菌Hafinia alvei 蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Hansenula polymorpha 多形汉逊酵母Hansenula saturnus 土星汉逊酵母Helicobacter cinaedi 同性恋螺杆菌Helicobacter fennelliae 芬纳尔螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌KKlebsiella ornithinolytica 解鸟氨酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca 产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella planticola 植生克雷伯菌Klebsiella pneumonia ozaenae 肺炎克雷伯菌臭鼻亚种Klebsiella pneumonia rhinoscleromatis 肺炎克雷伯菌鼻硬结亚种Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种Klebsiella terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kloeckera apiculata 柠檬克勒克酵母Kloeckera apis 蜜蜂克勒克酵母Kloeckera japonica 日本克勒克酵母Kloeckera spp 克勒克酵母某些种Kluyvera ascorbata 抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera cryocrescens 栖冷克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera spp 克吕沃尔菌属某些种Kluyvera terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kocuria kristinae 克氏库克菌Kocuria roseus (=Micrococcus roseus) 玫瑰色库克菌（=玫瑰色微球菌）Kocuria varians (=Micrococcus varians) 变异库克菌（=变异微球菌）Koserella trabulsii 特氏科泽菌Kytococcus sedentaruis 不动盖球菌LLactobacillus acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentium 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus jensenii 詹氏乳杆菌Lactococcus garvieae 格氏乳球菌Lactococcus lactis cremoris 乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种Lactococcus lactis lactis 乳酸乳球菌乳亚种Lactococcus raffinolactis 棉子糖乳球菌Leclercia adcarboxglata 非脱羧勒克菌Leptotrichia buccalis 口腔纤毛菌Leuconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种Listeria grayi 格氏利斯特菌Listeria innocua 无害利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 伊氏利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 依氏利斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes 单核细胞增生利斯特菌Listeria seeligeri 斯氏利斯特菌Listeria spp 利斯特菌属某些种Listeria welshimeri 威氏利斯特菌Listeria welshimeri 魏氏利斯特菌Luconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种MMicrobacterium spp 微小杆菌属某些种Micrococcus luteus 滕黄微球菌Micrococcus lylae 莱拉微球菌Micrococcus lylae 里拉微球菌Micrococcus spp 微球菌属某些种Mobiluncus curtisii 克氏动弯杆菌Mobiluncus mulieris 羞怯动弯杆菌Mobiluncus spp 动弯杆菌属某些种Moellerella spp 米勒菌属某些种Moellerella wisconsensis 威斯康星米勒菌Moraxella lacunata 腔隙莫拉菌Moraxella nonliquefaciens 非液化莫拉菌Moraxella osloensis 奥斯陆莫拉菌Moraxella spp 莫拉菌属某些种Morganella morganii 摩氏摩根菌NNeisseria cinerea 灰色奈瑟球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟球菌Neisseria lactamica 乳糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟球菌Neisseria mucosa 粘液奈瑟球菌Neisseria polysaccharea 多糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria sicca 干燥奈瑟球菌Neisseria spp 奈瑟菌属某些种Neisseria subflava 微黄奈瑟球菌Nocardia spp 奴卡菌属某些种OOchrobactrum anthropi 人苍白杆菌Oerskovia spp 厄氏菌属某些种Oerskovia xanthineolytica 溶黄嘌呤厄菌Oligella ureolytica 解脲寡源杆菌Oligella urethralis 尿道寡源杆菌PPantoea spp 泛菌属某些种Pasteurella aerogenes 产气巴斯德菌Pasteurella gr.EF4 巴斯德菌群EF4Pasteurella haemolytica 溶血巴斯德菌Pasteurella multocida 多杀巴斯德菌Pasteurella pneumotropica 侵肺巴斯德菌Pasteurella spp 巴斯德菌属某些种Peptococcus niger 黑色消化球菌Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 厌氧消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus 不解糖消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 产吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus magnus 大消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus micros 微小消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus prevotii 普氏消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus spp 消化链球菌属某些种Photobacterium damsela 美人鱼发光杆菌Pichia carsonii 卡氏毕赤酵母Pichia etchellsii 埃切毕赤酵母Pichia farinosa 粉状毕赤酵母Pichia ohmeri 奥默毕赤酵母Pichia spartinae 斯巴达克毕赤酵母Plesimonas shigelloides 类志贺邻单胞菌Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 不解糖卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas endodontalis 牙髓卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas gingivalis 牙龈卟啉单胞菌Prevotella bivia 二路普雷沃尔菌Prevotella buccae 颊普雷沃菌Prevotella buccalis 口颊普雷沃菌Prevotella denticola 栖牙普雷沃菌Prevotella disiens 解糖胨普雷沃菌Prevotella intermedia 中间普雷沃菌Prevotella loescheii 洛氏普雷沃菌Prevotella melaninogenica 产黑色普雷沃菌Prevotella oralis 口腔普雷沃菌Prevotella oris(=Bacteroides oris) 口普雷沃菌(=口拟杆菌) Propionibacterium acnes 疮疱丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium avidum 贪婪丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium granulosum 颗粒丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium propionicum 丙酸丙酸杆菌Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus penneri 彭氏变形杆菌Proteus vuigaris 普通变形杆菌Prototheca wickerhamii 魏氏原壁菌Providencia alcalifaciens 产碱普罗威登斯菌Providencia rettgeri 雷氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia rustigianii 拉氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii 斯氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii/ alcalifaciens 司氏/产碱普罗威登斯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes 产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina 门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 假产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas spp 假单胞菌属某些种Pseudomonas sputita 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri 施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonsa aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonsa fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonsa pseudomallei 类鼻疽假单胞菌Pseudomonsa putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonsa spp 假单胞菌属某些种RRahnella aquatilis 水生拉恩菌Rhodococcus spp 红球菌属某些种Rhodotorula glutinis 红酵母Rhodotorula glutinis 粘红酵母Rhodotorula minuta 小红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 粘质红酵母Rothia dentocariosa 龋齿罗菌SSaccharomyces cerevisiae 酿酒酵母Saccharomyces kluyverii 克鲁费酵母Salmonella arizonae 亚利桑那沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌Salmonella gallinarum 鸡沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi B 乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella pullorum 鸡白痢沙门菌Salmonella spp 沙门菌属某些种Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门菌Serratia ficaria 无花果沙雷菌Serratia fonticola 居泉沙雷菌Serratia liquefaciens 液化沙雷菌Serratia marcescens 粘质沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 气味沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 1 气味沙雷菌1型Serratia odorifera 2 气味沙雷菌2型Serratia plymuthica 普城沙雷菌Serratia proteamaculans 变形斑沙雷菌Serratia putrefaciens 腐败沙雷菌Serratia rubidaea 深红沙雷菌Shewanella putrefaciens 腐败希瓦菌Shigella bogdii 鲍氏志贺菌Shigella dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌Shigella flexneri 弗氏志贺菌Shigella sonnei 索氏志贺菌Shigella spp 志贺菌属某些种Sphingobacterium multivorum 多食鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium Spiritivovum 嗜神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium spiritovorum 食神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingomonas paucimobilis 少动鞘氨醇单胞菌Sporobolomyces salmonicolor 赭色掷孢酵母Staphylococcus arlettae 阿尔莱特葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus auricularis 耳葡萄球菌Staphylococcus capitis 头状葡萄球菌Staphylococcus caprae 山羊葡萄球菌Staphylococcus carnosus 肉葡萄球菌Staphylococcus chromogenes 产色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii 科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum 科氏葡萄球菌解脲亚种Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Staphylococcus equorum 马胃葡萄球菌Staphylococcus gallinarum 鸡葡萄球菌Staphylococcus haemolyticus 溶血葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hominis 人葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hyicus 猪葡萄球菌Staphylococcus intermedius 中间葡萄球菌Staphylococcus kloosii 克氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lentus 缓慢葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lugdunensis 路邓葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saccharolylicus 解糖葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saprophyticus 腐生葡萄球菌Staphylococcus schleiferi 施氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sciuri 松鼠葡萄球菌Staphylococcus simulans 模仿葡萄球菌Staphylococcus warneri 沃氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus xylosus 木糖葡萄球菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦寡养食单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stomatococcus mucilaginosus 粘滑口腔球菌Streptococcus acidominimus 少酸链球菌Streptococcus agalactiae 无乳链球菌Streptococcus alactolyticus 非解乳糖链球菌Streptococcus anginosus 咽峡炎链球菌Streptococcus bovis I 牛链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus bovis II 牛链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus canis 狗链球菌Streptococcus constellatus 星座链球菌Streptococcus downei 汗毛链球菌Streptococcus dysgalactiae 停乳链球菌停乳亚种Streptococcus dysgalactiae equlsimilis 停乳链球菌似马亚种Streptococcus equi equi 马链球菌马亚种Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus 马链球菌兽瘟亚种Streptococcus equinus 马肠链球菌Streptococcus gordonii 格氏链球菌Streptococcus gr L L群链球菌Streptococcus intermadius 中间链球菌Streptococcus mitis 缓症链球菌Streptococcus mutans 变异链球菌Streptococcus oralis 口腔链球菌Streptococcus parasanguis 副血链球菌Streptococcus penumoniae 肺炎链球菌Streptococcus porcinus 豕链球菌Streptococcus pyogenes 化脓链球菌Streptococcus salivarius salivarius 唾液链球菌唾液亚种Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus 唾液链球菌嗜热亚种Streptococcus sanguis 血链球菌Streptococcus sobrinus 表兄链球菌Streptococcus suis I 猪链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus suis II 猪链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus uberis 乳房链球菌Streptococcus vestibularis 前庭链球菌TTatumella ptyseos 痰塔特姆菌Trichosporon asahii 阿氏丝孢酵母Trichosporon asteroides 星状丝孢酵母Trichosporon inkin 墨汁丝孢酵母Trichosporon mucoides 粘性丝孢酵母Trichosporon ovoides 卵形丝孢酵母Trichosporon spp 丝孢酵母某些种VVeillonella parvula 小韦荣球菌Veillonella spp 韦荣氏球菌属某些种Versinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Versinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Vibrio alginolyiicus 解藻朊酸弧菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 弗氏弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 河流孤菌Vibrio hollisae 霍氏弧菌Vibrio metschnikovi 梅氏弧菌Vibrio mimicus 最小弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus 副溶血弧菌Vibrio vulnficus 创伤弧菌WWeeksella virosa 有毒威克斯菌Weeksella zoohelcum 动物溃疡威克斯菌YYersinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia frederiksenii 弗氏耶尔森菌Yersinia intermedia 中间耶尔森菌Yersinia kristensenii 克氏耶尔森菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia ruckeri 鲁氏耶尔森菌ZZygosaccharomyces spp 接合酵母属某些种。
微生物英汉对照
Lactobacillus （Lactic Acid Bacteria /LAB）乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei 干酪乳杆菌（凯氏乳杆菌）Lactobacillus plantarum 植物乳杆菌spray drying 喷雾干燥1actic acid bacterium expolysacchafides / LAB EPS 乳酸菌胞外多糖Lactobacillus rhamnosus 鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus paracasei 副干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri 罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus Fermentum 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus Acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌L.brevis 短乳杆菌L. Curvatus 弧形乳杆菌Lactobacillus bifermentans 双发酵乳杆菌L. delbrueckii bulgaricus 德式保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus 保加利亞乳桿菌L. HelveticusL. JohnsoniiLeuconostoc mesenteroides 肠膜明串珠菌Lactobacillus vaccinostercus 牛痘乳杆菌lactobacillus sakei 沙克乳杆菌Lactobacillus sakei 米酒乳杆菌Lactococcus sp./Lc. pisciumCarnobacterium sp./Car. divergensLactobacillus.helveticu 瑞士乳杆菌Bifidobacterium sp. 双歧杆菌（或比菲德氏菌）Carnobacterium - 肉杆菌属Carnobacterium alterfunditum - 类湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium divergens - 广布肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 沉积层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 底层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium gallinarum - 鸡肉杆菌Carnobacterium gingivalis - Carnobacterium ochraceusCarnobacterium mobile - 活动肉杆菌Carnobacterium mobile - 疏松肉杆菌Clostridium perfringens 產氣莢模桿菌Clostridium difficile 梭胞桿菌Candida albicans 白色念珠菌屬Escherichia coli 病原性大腸桿菌enterocins伏尔加霉素Listeria 李士德菌屬Pediococcus pentosaceus 戊糖片球菌Pseudomonas 假單胞菌屬／帚狀菌屬Streptococcus thermophilus 嗜高溫鏈球菌Salmonella typhimurium 傷寒桿菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌Weissella - 魏斯氏菌属Weissella confusa - 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa - 融合魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐乳杆菌Weissella hellenica - 赫伦魏斯氏菌Weissella kandleri - 坎德勒氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏魏斯氏菌Weissella minor - 稍小乳杆菌目前普遍認為的乳酸菌已由早期的四個屬再細分及擴充為下列十一個屬：(1)乳酸桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)(2)明串球菌屬(Leuconostoc)(3)鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus)(4)足球菌屬(Pediococcus)(5)有孢子乳酸菌(Sporolactobacillus)(6)腸球菌屬(Enterococcus)(7)乳酸球菌屬(Lactococcus)(8)肉品桿菌屬(Carnobacterium)(9)徘徊球菌屬(Vagococcus)(10)四體球菌(Tetragenococcus)(11)雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacterium)··。
英汉微生物,生化,细胞专业词汇
Aabjunction [孢子]切落ablastin 抑殖素abortin 流产菌素abstriction [孢子]缢断acervulus 分生孢子盘acetification 醋化作用acetogen 产乙酸菌achromatic lens 消色差透镜acid-fast staining 抗酸细菌染色法acidification 酸化作用acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acrospore 顶生孢子actidione,cycloheximide 放线酮actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin 放线菌素activated sludge 活性污泥active dry yeast 活性干酵母adeno associated virus 腺伴随病毒adenovirus 腺病毒adhesin 黏附素adriamycin 阿霉素aeciospore 锈孢子aecium 锈子器aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerobe 需氧菌aerobic cultivation 需氧培养aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸aerobiosis 需氧生活aerogen 产气菌aerotaxis 趋氧性aerotorelant bacteria 耐氧菌aethalium 黏菌体aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素agar 琼脂agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agaricin 蘑菇素agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸aggressin 攻击素aggressivity 攻击力aging 陈酿化agricultural microbiology 农业微生物学agrobacteriocin 土壤杆菌素akinete 静息孢子Albert's staining 阿氏染色aleuriospore 侧生孢子algocyan,leucocyan 藻蓝素allantospore 腊肠形孢子allelopathic substances 异株克生物质allelopathy 异种克生[现象]allophycocyanin 别藻蓝素ambrosia fungi 虫道真菌ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type Culture Collec- tion 美国模式培养物保藏所, 又称:美国模式培养物保藏所(ATCC )amerospore 无隔孢子Ames test 埃姆斯试验ammonification 氨化作用amphitrichate 两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrophy 兼性营养amphotericin 两性霉素amylo process 阿明露法anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养室anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerogen 不产气菌anamorph 无性型anastomosis [菌丝]融合androgamete 雄配子androgenesis 雄核发育androphore 雄器柄androspore 产雄器孢子annellospore 环痕孢子annulus 菌环anoxyphotobacteria 无氧光细菌ansamitocin 安丝菌素antagonium 拮抗作用anthelmycin 抗蠕霉素antheridium 雄器antibacterial agent 抗菌剂antibiotic 抗生素antibiotic spectrum 抗生谱antidiphtheric serum 抗白喉血清antifoam agent 消泡剂antifungal agent 抗真菌剂antigenic drift 抗原性漂移antigenic shift 抗原性转变antilysin 抗溶[菌]素antimetabolites 抗代谢物antimicrobial agent 抗微生物剂antimycin 抗霉素antisepsis 防腐antiseptic 防腐剂antiserum 抗血清antitoxin 抗毒素apex [噬菌体]顶体apical capsomere [噬菌体]顶部壳粒apicle 顶体aplasmomycin 除疟霉素apochromatic lens 全消色差透镜apogamy 无配生殖apomixis 无融合生殖apophysis 囊托apothecium 子囊盘appendage [菌体]附器apramycin 阿泊拉霉素aquatic microbiology 水生微生物学arbovirus 虫媒病毒archaebacteria 古细菌archetista 古始生物界Arnold steam sterilizor 流通蒸汽灭菌器arthroconidium 节分生孢子arthrospore 节孢子ascocarp 子囊果ascogenous hypha 产囊丝ascogonium 产囊体ascomycetes 子囊菌ascospore 子囊孢子ascosporulation 子囊孢子形成ascostroma 子囊座ascus 子囊aseptic technique 无菌操作aspergillin 曲霉菌素aspertoxin 曲霉毒素asporogenous yeasts 无孢子酵母菌assembly [病毒]装配assimilation 同化作用associated virus 伴随病毒asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 非共生固氮作用attenuated strain 减毒株attenuation 减毒作用autoclave 高压灭菌器autoclaving 高压灭菌autoinoculation 自身接种autolysin 自溶素autolysis 自溶[现象]automatic airlock 自动气锁autotrophic bacteria 自养菌autotrophic succession 自养演替autotrophy 自养autovaccine 自身菌苗autovaccine 自身疫苗auxanogram 生长谱auxanograph 生长谱测定[法]auxotroph 营养缺陷型avermectin 除虫菌素axenic cultivetion 纯性培养axenic culture 纯性培养物axial filament 轴丝azotogen 固氮菌剂azygospore 拟接合孢子azygote 单性合子bacitracin 杆菌肽bacteremia 菌血症Bbacteria 细菌bacterial colony counter 菌落计数器bacterial vaccine 菌苗bacterial virulence 细菌毒力bactericide 杀细菌剂bactericidin 杀[细]菌素bacteriochlorophyll [细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriocin 细菌素bacterioerythrin 菌红素bacteriofluorescein 细菌荧光素bacteriology 细菌学bacteriolysis 溶菌作用bacteriolytic reaction 溶[细]菌反应bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriophage typing 噬菌体分型bacteriophagology 噬菌体学bacteriopurpurin 菌紫素bacteriorhodopsin [细菌]紫膜质bacteriosome 细菌小体bacteriostasis 抑菌作用bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriotoxin 细菌毒素bacteriotropin 亲菌素bacteroid 类菌体ballistospore 掷孢子barophilic bacteria 嗜压菌base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate wedge [噬菌体]基片楔突basic medium 基础培养基basidiocarp 担子果basidiomycetes 担子菌basidiophore 担子体basidiospore 担孢子basidium 担子batch cultivation 分批培养batch fermentation [罐]批发酵BCG vaccine 卡介苗bean sprouts medium 豆芽汁培养基beef broth 牛肉汁beef extract 牛肉膏bicyclomycin 双环霉素binary fission 二分分裂binocular microscope 双目显微镜bioassay 生物测定biochemical medium 生化培养基bioconversion 生物转化biogas 沼气biological control 生物防治biological products 生物制品biomass 生物量biomass 生物质biosphere 生物圈biotype 生物型biovar 生物变型biphasic cultivation 双相培养bipolar staining 两极染色bitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊blasticidin 杀稻瘟素blastoconidium 芽分生孢子blastospore 芽生孢子bleomycin 博来霉素blind passage 盲传blooms 水华body X体bottom fermentation 下面发酵bottom yeast 下面酵母bran koji 麸曲brewing 酿造brewing technique 酿造技术bright field microscope 明视野显微镜broth cultivation 肉汤培养broth culture 肉汤培养物brucellin 布氏菌素budding 芽殖burst size [噬菌体]裂解量butirosin 丁苷菌素, 又称:丁苷菌素(butyrosin )Ccandicidin 杀假丝菌素candle jar 烛罐capillitium 孢丝capreomycin 卷曲霉素, 又称:卷曲霉素(capromycin )capsid [病毒]壳体capsomer [病毒]壳粒, 又称:[病毒]壳粒(capsomere )capsule 荚膜carbol fuchsin 石炭酸品红carbon balance 碳平衡carboxydotrophic bacteria 一氧化碳营养菌carminomycin 洋红霉素carotenoids 类葫萝卜素carrier 带[病]毒者carrier 带菌者carrier phage 载体噬菌体carriomycin 腐霉素casamino acids [水解]酪蛋白氨基酸caulobacteria 柄细菌cedar oil 香柏油celesticetin 天青菌素cell line 细胞系cell strain 细胞株cellulase 纤维素酶central spore 中生芽胞centrum 壳心cephalosporin 头孢菌素cephalotricha 单端丛[鞭]毛菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 化能自养菌chemoautotrophy 化能自养chemoheterotrophic bacteria 化能异养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophy 化能无机营养chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养chemostat 恒化器chemotaxis 趋化性chemotherapy 化学疗法chemotrophy 化能营养chemotropism 向化性chemotype 化学型chemovar 化学变型China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms 中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会, 又称:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会(CCCCM )Chinese Society for Microbiology 中国微生物学会, 又称:中国微生物学会(CSM )chlamydia 衣原体chlamydospore 厚壁孢子chloromycetin 氯霉素, 又称:氯霉素(chloramphenicol )chloroteracycline 金霉素, 又称:金霉素(aureomycin )chromatophore 载色体chromogenic bacteria 产色细菌chromomycin 色霉素chuangxinmycin 创新霉素Chu-inhibitor [流感病毒]朱氏抑制物, 又称:[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物(β－inhibitor )chytrid 壶菌cirrus 孢子角clamp cell 锁状细胞clamp connection 锁状联合clavulanic acid 棒酸cleistocarp 闭囊果cleistothecium 闭囊壳climax community 顶极群落clindamycin 氯林肯霉素clitocybine 杯伞素clone 克隆closed growth system 封闭生长系统cluster 聚簇clypeus 盾状体coagulase 凝固酶coagulase factors 凝固酶因子coccobacillus 球杆菌coccus 球菌cococarde 半透明型突变噬斑co-cultivation 协同培养coenocyte 多核细胞coenogamete 多核配子coenosporangium 多核孢子囊coenospore 多核孢子coenozygote 多核合子coenzyme M 辅酶Mco-immobilization 共固定化作用colicin 大肠菌素, 又称:大肠菌素(colicine ) colicinogenic factor 大肠杆菌素生成因子coliform group 大肠菌类coli-index 大肠[杆]菌指数colistin 黏菌素colititre 大肠[杆]菌值collar [噬菌体]颈部collarette 囊领colony 菌落colony forming units 菌落形成单位, 又称:菌落形成单位(CFU )columella 囊轴combined vaccine 联合疫苗commensalism 偏利共栖companions 伴生种compatibility 相容性compensative eyeplece 补偿目镜competence 感受态competition 兢争[共栖]complementation 互补complete medium 完全培养基complex symmetry 复合对称concatemer [噬菌体]串联体concave slide 凹玻片conditional lethal 条件致死conditional mutant 条件突变株conditioned pathogen 条件致病菌conidiocarp 分生孢子果conidiophore 分生孢子梗conidium 分生孢子conjugate division [噬菌体]接合分裂conjugation 接合[作用]connector [噬菌体]颈圈consortium 聚生体constriction 缢缩[作用] contaminant 污染物contamination 污染continuous cultivation 连续培养continuous fermentation 连续发酵continuous sterilization 连续灭菌cooked meat medium 庖肉培养基coprinin 鬼伞菌素cord factor 索状因子cordycepin 蛹虫草菌素core [噬菌体]髓部core 核心coremium 菌丝束cortex [芽胞]皮层cortinellin 香菇菌素corynebacteria 棒状菌cosmid 黏粒counterstaining 对染[法]cover glass 盖玻片critical killing dilution 临界杀菌浓度cross reactivation 交叉复活cryopreservation 深低温保藏[法] cryptic prophage 隐性前噬菌体cryptobiosis 隐生现象cubical symmetry 立体对称cultivation 培养culture 培养物culture flask 培养瓶culture trasfering 移种cup fungi 盘菌curing [噬菌体]自愈cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyanophycin 藻青素cyanophycin granule 藻青素颗粒cycloserine 环丝氨酸cyclosporin 环孢菌素cylinder plate method 杯碟法cystidium 囊状体cytochalasin 松胞菌素cytomycin 胞霉素cytopathic effect 致细胞病变[效应], 又称:致细胞病变[效应](CPE )cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus 质型多角体病毒, 又称:质型多角体病毒(CPV )DDaqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor) 大曲dark-field 暗视野dark-field microscope 暗视野显微镜dark-field microscopy 暗视野显微术daughter colony 子菌落daunomycin 道诺霉素decline phase 衰亡期decomposer 分解者deep colony 深层菌落defective interfering particle 干扰缺损颗粒defective mutant [病毒]缺损突变株defective virus 缺损病毒dehydrated medium 干燥培养基denitrification 反硝化作用denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densovirus,DNV 浓核病毒dermatonecrotoxin 皮肤坏死毒素destomycin 越霉素deterioration 生物致劣determinative bacteriology 鉴定细菌学diagnostic microbiology 诊断微生物学dialysis cultivation 透析培养diary microbiology 乳品微生物学diauxie growth curve 双峰生长曲线dictyospore 砖格孢子didymospore 双胞孢子differential interference contrast microscope [分辨]干涉差显微镜, 又称:[分辨]干涉差显微镜(DICM )differential medium 鉴别培养基differential staining 鉴别染色法difined midium 确定成分培养基dilution method 稀释法dilution-plate method 稀释平板分离法dimorphic fungi 双态性真菌dimorphism 双态现象diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素dipicolinic acid 2,6-吡啶二羧酸, 又称:2,6-吡啶二羧酸(DPA)diplobacillus 双杆菌diplococcus 双球菌discocarp 盘状子囊果disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒dispore 双孢担孢子dissimilation 异化作用distamycin 偏端霉素donor 供体dormancy 休眠doubling time 倍增时间drug resistant gene 抗药基因drug resistant strain 抗药性菌株drug susceptibility 药物敏感性drug-resistance 抗药性dry heat sterilization 干热灭菌Durham's fermentation tube 杜氏发酵管dwarf colony 侏儒型菌落dysbacteriosis 菌群失调Eearly genes [病毒]早期基因early protein [病毒]早期蛋白eburicoic acid 齿孔酸ECHO virus 艾柯病毒eclipse period 隐蔽期ectendomycorrhiza 内外生菌根ectomycorrhiza 外生菌根ectothrix 毛外癣菌efficiency of plating 成斑效率elater 弹丝electron microscope 电[子显微]镜elementary body 原[生小]体EMB agar 伊红甲烯蓝琼脂endobasidium 内生担子endoconidium 内分生孢子endogenenous variable 内源变量endogenous virus 内源病毒endomycorrhiza 内生菌根Endo's medium 远藤培养基endospore 内生孢子endosymbiosis 内共生endothrix 毛内癣菌endotoxin 内毒素enriched medium 滋养培养基enrichment medium 富集培养基enterococcin 肠球菌素enterotoxin 肠毒素enterovirus 肠道病毒entomogenous fungi 虫生真菌entomopathogen 昆虫病原微生物entomopox virus 昆虫痘病毒, 又称:昆虫痘病毒(EPV )envelope 包膜, 又称:包膜(peplos )envelope antigen [病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [细菌]包被抗原epibasidium 上担子epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素epithecium 囊层被erythrogenic toxin 红斑毒素erythromycin 红霉素esterastin 抑酯酶素etiology 病原学eubacteria 真细菌eukaryote 真核生物eurythermal microorganism 广温微生物euvirus 真病毒everninomicin 扁枝衣霉素exfoliative toxin 剥脱性毒素exine 外壁exitine 芽胞外膜exospore 外生孢子exosporium [孢子]外壁exotoxin 外毒素exponential growth 指数生长extracellular enzyme 胞外酶extreme bacteria 极端细菌Ffactor 因子factor 420 420 因子facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌fastidious microorganism 苛求菌favic chandelier mycelium 黄癣菌丝feed back inhibition 反馈抑制fermentation 发酵fermentation capacity 发酵[能]力fermenter 发酵罐fermetability 可发酵性fermicutes 硬壁[细]菌类Fernbach flask 冯巴赫瓶fertility factor 致育因子Feulgen staining 富尔根染色fiber antigen [噬菌体]尾丝抗原fibrinolysin 溶纤维蛋白溶酶filamentous type colony 丝状型菌落filtration sterilization 过滤除菌fimbrium [噬菌体]伞毛fixed virus [狂犬病]固定毒flagellar antigen 鞭毛抗原flagellar basal body 鞭毛基体flagellin 鞭毛蛋白flagellum 鞭毛flat sour bacteria 平罐酸败菌flat-sour spoilage 平[罐]酸败flax retting 亚麻浸渍flora 菌群flora 区系fluorescence microscope 荧光显微镜food microbiology 食品微生物学food poisoning 食物中毒foot cell 脚胞foot cell 足细胞forespore 前芽胞formycin 间型霉素fortimicin 健霉素foulbrood [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病fractional cultivation 分部培养[法] fragmentation 断裂French cell press 弗氏[细胞]压碎器fruiting body 子实体fungistat 抑真菌剂funiculus 菌丝索fusarinic acid 镰孢菌酸fuseau 顶生厚壁孢子Ggametangial copulation 配囊交配gametangium 配子囊gamete 配子gametocyte 配子母细胞gas vacuole 气泡GC values GC值gelatine liquefication 明胶液化gene cluster 基因簇gene transfer 基因转移general microbilogy 普通微生物学genetic transformation 遗传转化genotype 基因型gentamicin 艮他霉素geosmins [放线菌]土臭味素germ free animal 无菌动物germ pore 芽孔germ slit 芽缝germ tube 芽管germ-free plant 无菌植物germicides 杀菌剂ghost 菌蜕giant colony 巨大菌落gleba 产孢体gliding 滑行glidingbacteria 滑行细菌gliotoxin 胶霉毒素glucose effect 葡萄糖效应glycocalyx 多糖包被gnotobiology 悉生生物学gnotobiote 悉生生物gonidium 微生子gougerotin 谷氏菌素gracilicutes 薄壁[细]菌类gradient plate 梯度平板Gram staining 革兰氏染色gramicidin 短杆菌肽Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阳性菌granule 颗粒体granulin 颗粒体蛋白granulose 细菌淀粉粒granulosis virus 颗粒体症病毒, 又称:颗粒体症病毒(GV )grisein 灰霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素growth factor 生长因子Guarnieri's bodies 顾氏小体Hhaemolysin 溶血素haemolysis 溶血[作用]halophilic bacteria 嗜盐菌hamathecium 囊间丝hanging drop method 悬滴法HBcAg 乙型肝炎核心抗原HBeAg 乙型肝炎e抗原HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗原head [噬菌体]头部heat fixation 热固定helical symmetry 螺旋对称helicospore 卷旋孢子helper virus 辅助病毒hemadsorption 血细胞吸附, 又称:血细胞吸附(HD )hemagglutination 血细胞凝集, 又称:血细胞凝集(HA )hemagglutination inhibition 血凝抑制hemagglutinin 血凝素hemibasidium 半担子hemolytic test 溶血试验herbicidin 除莠菌素herbimycin 除莠霉素heterobasidium 隔担子heterocyst 异形[囊]胞heterofermentation 异型发酵heterofermentative lactic bacteria 异型发酵乳酸菌heterogamete 异形配子heterogamy 异配生殖heterology 异源性heterothallism 异宗配合heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌heterotrophic potential 异养潜能heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophy 异养heterozygosis 杂合[现象]heterozygote 异形合子hexonmer [病毒]六邻体, 又称:[病毒]六邻体(hexons )high frequency of recombination 高频重组, 又称:高频重组(Hfr )high power objective 高倍物镜H-O variation H-O 变异holdfast 固着器holobasidium 无隔担子holomorph 全型holomycin 全霉素homoacetogenic bacteria 同型[产]乙酸细菌homobasidium 同担子homofermentation 同型发酵homofermentative lactic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homoimmune phage 同源免疫噬菌体homology 同源性homothallism 同宗配合hormogonium [蓝细菌]连锁体host range mutant 宿主范围突变株hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hydrogen sulfide production test 硫化氢试验hydrogenogens 产氢菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria 氢营养菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 产氢产乙酸细菌hygromycin 潮霉素hymenium 子实层hymenophore 子实层体hypha 菌丝hyphal body 虫菌体hyphal fragment 菌丝段hypholytic action 溶菌丝作用hyphopodium 附着枝hypnosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnospore 休眠孢子hypobasidium 下担子hypogeal fungi 地下真菌hypostroma 下子座hypothallus 囊基膜hypothecium 囊层基hysterothecium 缝裂壳Iicosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称icosahedron capsid 二十面[体]壳体identification 鉴定idiotroph 特需营养要求型ilamycin 岛霉素immobilized cell 固定化细胞immune adherence hemagglutina- tion assay 免疫粘连血凝测定, 又称:免疫粘连血凝测定(IAHA )imperfect fungi 半知菌IMViC test 吲哚、甲基红、V-P、柠檬酸试验in situ cultivation 原位培养in vitro 体外in vivo 体内incineration 烧灼灭菌inclusion body 包含体inclusion granule 内含颗粒incubator 培养箱India-ink capsule staining 墨汁荚膜染色indicator 指示菌indigenous flora 土著菌群indigenous flora 土著区系indole test 吲哚试验induced variation 诱发变异inducible phage [可]诱导噬菌体indusium 菌裙industrial microbiology 工业微生物学infection 传染infection 感染infection 侵染infectious center 感染中心infectious center 侵染中心infectious dose 50% 半感染剂量, 又称:半感染剂量(ID 50 )infective dose 感染剂量, 又称:感染剂量(ID ) infective dose 侵染剂量, 又称:侵染剂量(ID ) infectivity 感染性infectivity 侵染性initial body [衣原体]始体inoculating loop 接种环inoculating needle 接种针inoculation 接种, 又称:接种(inoculating,inoculate )inoculation hood 接种箱inoculum 接种物inoperculatae 无囊盖类interference 干扰[现象]interferon 干扰素International Union of Micro- biological Societies,IUMS 国际微生物学会联合会interspecies Htransfer 种间分子氢转移intestinal bacteria 肠道细菌intine 芽胞内膜intracellular enzyme 胞内酶invasiveness 侵袭力invert microscope 倒置显微镜involution form 衰老型irido virus 虹彩病毒iron bacteria 铁细菌isogametangium 同形配子囊isogamete 同形配子isogamy 同配生殖isolation 分离isolation medium 分离培养基isospore 同形孢子istamycin 天神霉素ivermectin 双氢除虫菌素Jjosamycin 交沙霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素kasugamycin 春日霉素Kkiller particle 致死颗粒Koester's stain 柯斯特染料koji 日本酒曲kojic acid 曲酸Kolle flask 克氏瓶Kolmer test 科氏试验Kovac's oxidase regent 柯氏氧化酶试剂Kovac's reagent 柯氏试剂Llag phase 延滞期lambda particles phage λ噬菌体Lancefield's streptococcal grouping test 蓝氏链球菌分群试验lapinization 兔化法lapinized virus 兔化毒late genes [病毒]晚期基因late protein [病毒]晚期蛋白latent virus 潜伏病毒lawn 菌苔leaky mutant 渗漏突变体leghaemoglobin 豆血红蛋白Leifson's flagella staining 赖夫松鞭毛染色lens 透镜lepromin 麻风菌素leucocidin 杀白细胞素leucolysin 白细胞溶素leucomycin 柱晶白霉素L-form of bacterium 细菌L-型lincomycin 林可霉素lipopolysaccharides 脂多糖类liquid koji 液体曲liquid medium 液体培养基liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 液氮保藏[法] liquid state fermentation 液态发酵lithotrophic bacteria 无机营养菌litmus milk 石蕊牛奶live bacterial vaccine 活菌苗live vaccine 活疫苗locule 子囊腔Loeffler's methylene blue 吕氏甲烯蓝Loeffler's serum medium 吕氏血清培养基log phase 对数期lophotricha 丛[鞭]毛菌low power objective 低倍物镜low virulent strain 弱毒株Lugol's iodine solution 鲁戈氏碘液luminous bacteria 发光细菌lyophilization 冻干[保藏]法lysis inhibition [噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysogenesis 溶原现象lysogenic bacteria 溶原性细菌lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换lysogenization 溶原化lysogeny 溶原性lysostaphin 溶葡萄球菌素lysozyme 溶菌酶lytic cycle 裂解周期MMacchiavello's staining 麦氏[立克次氏体]染色MacConkey medium 麦氏培养基macroconidium 大分生孢子magnification 放大率main fermentation 主发酵malachite green solution 孔雀石绿溶液mallein test [马]鼻疽菌素试验malt wort 麦芽汁Mandler filter 曼德勒尔滤器manual airlock 手动气锁marine microbiology 海洋微生物学mash 醪液matachromatic granules 异染粒mating type 交配型maytenin 美登素meat extract 肉膏medical microbiology 医学微生物学medium 培养基membrane filter 薄膜滤器mendosicutes 疵壁[细]菌类merosporangium 柱孢子囊mesophilic bacteria 中温菌mesosome 间体mesotrophy 半自养metabiosis 代谢共栖methanochondria 甲烷粒体methanogen 产甲烷菌methanogenesis 产甲烷[作用]methyl red test 甲基红试验methylene blue reduction test 甲烯蓝还原试验methylotrophic bacteria 甲基营养菌methylotrophy 甲基营养methymycin 酒霉素metulae 梗基microaerobe 微需氧菌microbial biochemistry 微生物生物化学microbial ecology 微生物生态学microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统microbial genetics 微生物遗传学microbial leaching 微生物浸矿microbial pesticide 微生物杀虫剂microbial physiology 微生物生理学microbial sensor 微生物传感器microbial taxonomy 微生物分类学microbiology 微生物学microbody 微体microcapsule 微荚膜microconidium 小分生孢子microcyst 微包囊microflora 微生物区系micromanipulation 显微操作micromanipulator 显微操作器micronutrient 微量营养microorganism 微生物microscope 显微镜microscope condenser 显微镜集光器microscopic examination 镜检microscopic Widal agglutination test 显微肥达氏凝集试验millipore filter 微孔滤器minimal infecting dose 最小感染量, 又称:最小感染量(MID )minimal inhibitory concentration 最小抑菌浓度, 又称:最小抑菌浓度(MIC )minimal lethal dose 最小致死量, 又称:最小致死量(MLD )mithramycin 光神霉素mitomycin 丝裂霉素mixed cultivation 混合培养mixed culture 混合培养物mold 霉菌, 又称:霉菌(mould )mollicutes 柔膜细菌monensin 莫能菌素monomorphism 单形现象monotricha 单鞭毛菌monster [噬菌体]畸形体morphotype 形态型morphovar 形态变型most probable number 最大概率数, 又称:最大概率数(MPN )most probable number method 最大概率法, 又称:最大概率法(MPNM ) mucoid colony 黏液型菌落multicomponent virus 多分体病毒multiple embedded virus 多粒包埋型病毒multiple fission 复分裂muramic acid 胞壁酸muscarine 毒蝇碱mushrooms 蘑菇mutagen 诱变剂mutagenesis 诱变mutant 突变体mutation 突变mutualism 互利共栖mycelianamide 菌丝酰胺mycelium 菌丝体mycelium pellet 菌丝球mycetism 真菌中毒mycetosome 含菌细胞mycocide 杀真菌剂mycoderm [菌]醭, 又称:[菌]醭(pellicle ) mycolic acid 分枝菌酸mycology 真菌学mycomycin 菌霉素mycophage 真菌噬菌体mycophenolic acid 霉酚酸mycorrhiza 菌根mycorrhizal fungi 菌根真菌mycotoxin 真菌毒素mycovirus 真菌病毒mydecamycin 麦迪霉素, 又称:麦迪霉素(midecamycin )mykol 真菌醇myxospore 黏孢子Nnaked virion 裸露病毒[粒]体natural medium 天然培养基nebramycin 暗霉素necroparsite 致坏死寄生物necrosis virus 坏死病毒negative staining 负染[色法]negative strand 负链Negri's body 内氏小体neomycin 新霉素netropsin 纺锤菌素neuraminidase 神经氨酸酶neurotoxicity 神经毒性neurotoxin 神经毒素neurovirulence 神经毒力neutralism 无关共栖neutralization test 中和试验nitragin 根瘤菌剂nitrate reduction test 硝酸盐还原试验nitrification 硝化作用nitrobacteria 硝化细菌nitrogen balance 氮平衡nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogen fixing bacteria 固氮细菌nocardin 诺卡菌素nodular mycelium 结节状菌丝nonseptate hypha 无隔菌丝normal flora 正常菌群novobiocin 新生霉素nuclear polyhedrosis virus 核型多角体病毒, 又称:核型多角体病毒(NPV )nucleocapsid 核壳nucleoid 类核numerical taxonomy 数值分类法nutrient agar 营养琼脂nutrient broth 营养肉汤nystatin 制霉菌素OO antigen 菌体抗原objective 物镜obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌ochratoxin 赭曲毒素ocular 目镜ocular micrometer 目镜测微计O-D variation [流感病毒]_O-D相变异oidiophore 粉孢子梗oidium 粉孢子oil immersion objective 油浸物镜old culture 老培养物old tuberculin 旧结核菌素, 又称:旧结核菌素(OT )oleandomycin 竹桃霉素oligodynamic action 微[量]动[力]作用oligonitrophilic bacteria 微嗜氮菌oligotrophic bacteria 贫[营]养细菌oncovirus 肿瘤病毒one step growth 一步生长[曲线] oogamete 卵配子oogonium 藏卵器oomycetes 卵菌ooplasm 卵质oosphere 卵球oospore 卵孢子open fermentation 敞口发酵open growth system 开放生长系统operon 操纵子ophiobollin 蛇孢菌素opportunistic pathogen 机会致病菌organotrophic bacteria 有机营养菌osmophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌ostiole 孔口Oxford cup 牛津杯oxidase test 氧化酶试验oxygen requirement 需氧量oxyphotobacteria 生氧光细菌oxytropism 向氧性Ppaleomicrobiology 古微生物学pantropic virus 泛嗜性病毒paraphysis 侧丝paraphysoid 类侧丝parasexuality 准性生殖parasitism 寄生parasporal crystal 伴胞晶体paromomycin 巴龙霉素passenger virus 过客病毒Pasteur effect 巴氏效应pasteurization 巴氏消毒法pathogen 病原体pathogenicity 致病性pathotype 致病型pathovar 致病变型patulin 展青霉素pectinafe mycelium 梳状菌丝pectinase 果胶酶pellicle 菌膜penetration [病毒]侵入penicillic acid 青霉酸penicillin 青霉素penicillinase 青霉素酶penicillus 帚状枝pentomer [病毒]五邻体, 又称:[病毒]五邻体(pentons )peplomerbody 包膜突起peptidoglycan 肽聚糖peptone [蛋白]胨peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium [蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基perfect fungi 完全真菌perfringocin 产气荚膜梭菌素peridium 包被periphysis 周丝periphysoid 类周丝periplasmic flagella 周质鞭毛periplasmic space 壁膜间隙perithecium 子囊壳peritricha 周[鞭]毛菌permease 通透酶pesticin 鼠疫菌素Petri dish 培养皿petroleum microbiology 石油微生物学Pfeiffer's phenomenon 费氏[溶菌]现象phagetype 噬菌体型phagevar 噬菌体变型phalloidin 鬼笔[毒]环肽phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phasmid 噬粒phenol coefficient 石炭酸系数phenotype 表型phenotypic mixing 表型混杂phialide 瓶梗phialospore 瓶梗孢子phosphonomycin 磷霉素, 又称:磷霉素(fosfomycin )phosphorus balance 磷平衡photo-assimilation 光同化作用photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photoautotrophy 光能自养photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌photolithotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophy 光能无机营养photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophy 光能有机营养photoreactivation 光复活作用photosynthetic bacteria 光合作用细菌phototaxis 趋光性phototrophic bacteria 光养菌phototrophy 光营养phototropism 向光性phragmobasidium 有隔担子phragmospore 多隔孢子phycobilin 藻胆素phycobiliprotein 藻胆蛋白phycobilisome 藻胆蛋白体phycocyanin 藻青蛋白phycocyanobilin 藻蓝胆素phycoerythrin 藻红蛋白phycoerythrobilin 藻红[胆]素phycophage 噬藻体phyllospheric microorganism 叶际微生物phytocidin 植物杀菌素phytotoxin 毒植物素pileus 菌盖pilin 菌毛蛋白pilot protein [噬菌体]先导蛋白pilus 菌毛planozygote 游动合子plaque 蚀斑plaque 噬斑plaque forming unit 蚀斑形成单位, 又称:蚀斑形成单位(PFU )plaque mutants 噬斑突变株plasmid 质粒plasmid incompatibility 质粒不相容性plate 平板plate cultivation 平板培养plate culture 平板培养物plate streaking 平板划线plating 平板接种pneumolysin 肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumotoxin 肺炎球菌毒素pock assay 痘疱试验poisonous mushroom 毒蘑菇polyauxotroph 多重营养缺陷型polyhead [噬菌体]聚合头部polyhedrin 多角体蛋白polyhedron 多角体polyhedrosis virus 多角体病毒polymorphism 多态[现象]polymorphism 多形现象polymyxin 多黏菌素polyoxin 多氧菌素polysheath [噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysilicate plate 聚硅酸盐平板polyvalent bacterial vaccine 多价菌苗polyvalent vaccine 多价疫苗poly-β-hydroxy butyrate 聚β-羟基丁酸盐pooled typing serum 混合分型血清porospore 孔出孢子positive strand 正链potato dextrose agar 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂, 又称:马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA )pour plate method 倾注培养[法]predacious fungi 捕食真菌predation 捕食作用preprophage 前原噬菌体press 细胞压碎器primary culture 原始培养物primary fermentation 前发酵primary invader 原发性感染原primary succession 原生演替prodigiosin 灵菌红素prodigiosus toxin 灵菌毒素productive infection [噬菌体]生产性感染progametangium 原配子囊progamete 原配子progenote 始祖生物prokaryote 原核生物promotor 启动子prophage 原噬菌体prosporangium 原孢子囊protein envelope 蛋白质包膜protista 原生生物protistology 原生生物学protobasidium 原担子protocooperation 初级合作protophyta 原生植物protoplast 原生质体protoplast fusion 原生质体融合protoplast regeneration 原生质体再生prototroph 原养型prototrophic bacteria 原养菌prototunicate ascus 原囊壁子囊protozoa 原生动物protozoology 原生动物学provirus 原病毒pseudomycelium 假菌丝体pseudoparaphysis 拟侧丝pseudopeptidoglycan 假肽聚糖pseudoperidium 拟包被pseudoseptum 假隔膜pseudotype virus 假型病毒pseudovirion 假病毒体psychrophilic bacteria 嗜冷[细]菌pure cultivation 纯培养pure culture 纯培养物purification 纯化purified protein derivative 纯化蛋白衍生物, 又称:纯化蛋白衍生物(PPD )purple membrane 紫膜purple nonsulfur bacteria 紫色无硫细菌putrefaction 腐败pycnidiospore 器孢子pycnidium 分生孢子器pycniospore [锈菌]性孢子pycnium [锈菌]性孢子器pycnosclerotium 器菌核pyocyanin 绿脓[菌]素pyocyanolysin 绿脓杆菌溶血素pyofluorescein 绿脓菌荧光素pyrenomycetes 核菌pyrogen 致热原QQu_(raw starter) 曲quellung test 荚膜膨胀试验Rracquet mycelium 球拍状菌丝体receptor destroying enzyme 受体破坏酶, 又称:受体破坏酶(RDE )recipient 受体recombinant 重组体recombination 重组recon 重组子redistribution 重分配reinoculation 再接种replica plating 影印培养法replication 复制replication of virus 病毒复制replicative cycle 复制周期replicon 复制子reproductive mycelium 生殖菌丝体resistance determining factor 耐药[性决定]因子resistance factor 抗药因子resistance transfer factor 耐药性转移因子, 又称:耐药性转移因子(RTF )resolving power 分辨率resting cell 静息细胞restricted transduction 局限转导retro virus 逆[转]录病毒retting 沤麻revaccination 疫苗再接种reverse transcriptase 逆[转]录酶revistin 制反转录酶素rhizopin 根霉促进素rhizopterin 根霉蝶呤rhizospheric microorganism 根际微生物rhodopseudomonacin 红假单胞菌素ribostamycin 核糖霉素, 又称:核糖霉素(vistamycin )rickettsia 立克次氏体rifamycin 利福霉素rimocidin 龟裂杀菌素ring chromosome 环状染色体ristocetin 瑞斯托菌素rod 杆菌rolling tube cultivation 滚管培养法rolling tube technique 滚管技术root nodule 根瘤root nodule bacteria 根瘤细菌rosamicin 蔷薇霉素rough colony 粗糙型菌落rough type 粗糙型rubidomycin 红比霉素rumen microbiology 瘤胃微生物学rust disease 锈病rust fungi 锈菌SSabouraud's dextrose agar 沙氏葡萄糖琼脂sacchariferous agents 糖化剂saccharification 糖化作用sagamicin 相模霉素salinomycin 盐霉素Salmonella-Shigella agar 沙门-志贺氏琼脂, 又称:沙门-志贺氏琼脂(S.S.agar )saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌saprophytic nutrition 腐生营养saprophytism 腐生现象sarcina 八叠球菌sarkomycin 肉瘤霉素satellite virus 卫星病毒satellitism 卫星现象scanning electron microscope 扫描电[子显微]镜, 又称:扫描电[子显微]镜(SEM ) schizogenesis 裂殖schizophyte 裂殖植物sclerotium 菌核scolecospore 线形孢子scotobacteria 暗细菌secondary colony 次生菌落secondary fermentation 后发酵secondary invader 继发性感染原secondary mycelium 次生菌丝体secondary succession 次生演替secter mutation 扇形突变seeding tank 种子罐seeding yeast 酒母Seitz filter 赛氏[细菌]滤器selective medium 选择性培养基semicontinuous fermentation 半连续[型]发酵semisolid medium 半固体培养基semisynthetic medium 半合成培养基sensitized bacteria 敏化细菌septate hypha 有隔菌丝septum 隔膜serological identification 血清学鉴定serological specificity 血清学特异性serotype 血清型。
医学微生物专业词汇英汉对照表
医学微生物专业词汇英汉对照表50%组织细胞感染量tissue culture infected dose of 50%Dane颗粒Dane’s particleDick试验Dick testEB病毒Epstein-Barr virusEB病毒核抗原EB nuclear antigenEl Tor生物型El Tor biotypeHTLV-1型相关脊髓病HTLV-1 associated myelopathyIMViC试验IMViC testKaposi肉瘤相关疱疹病毒Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus M蛋白M proteinM细胞membranous cellM细胞microfold cellN-乙酰胞壁酸N-acytlmuramic acidN-乙酰葡糖胺N-acetyl glucosamineTT病毒TT virusVero毒素vero toxinVP试验Voge-Proskauer testβ-内酰胺类β-lactamβ-内酰胺酶β-lactamaseβ-溶血β-hemolysis埃博拉病毒Ebola virus埃及嗜血杆菌H. aegyptius埃可病毒ECHO virus埃立克体属Ehrlichia埃希菌属Escherichia氨基甙类aminoglycoside暗视野检查darkfield examination奥普托欣试验optochin test巴氏消毒法pasteurization巴通体属Bartonella巴西副球孢子菌Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis巴西诺卡菌N. brasiliensis白喉diphtheria白喉棒状杆菌 C. dephtheriae白喉毒素diphtheria toxin白吉利毛孢子菌Trichosporon beigelii白假丝酵母菌Candida albicans百日咳鲍特菌 B. pertussis败血症septicemia斑疹伤寒立克次体R. typhi半数感染量media infective dose半数致死量median lethal dose邦戈沙门菌S. bongori棒状杆菌属Corynebacterium包涵体inclusion body包膜envelope包膜子粒peplomere孢子spore孢子囊孢子sporangiospore孢子丝菌sporotrichum胞内菌intracellular bacteria胞外菌extracellular bacteria保护性抗原protective antigen鲍氏志贺菌S. boydii鲍特菌属Bordelella杯状病毒科Caliciviridae贝纳柯克斯体 C. burnetii鼻疽假单胞菌P. malleri鼻咽癌nasopharyngeal carcinoma鞭毛flagellum变形杆菌属Proteus变种variety标准株standard strain表面感染superficial infection表皮葡萄球菌Staph. epidermidis表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin表皮癣菌属Epidermohyton表型混合phenotypic mixing丙酸杆菌属Propionibacterium丙型肝炎病毒属hepacivirus丙型溶血性链球菌γ-streptococcus病毒virus病毒蛋白酶viral protease病毒干扰作用viral interference病毒感染viral infection病毒核心viral core病毒体virion病毒显性感染apparent viral infection 病毒携带者viral carrier病毒性出血热viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性疾病viral disease病毒血症viremia病原菌pthogenic bacterium病原体pathogen病原微生物pathogenic microorganism伯基特淋巴瘤Burkitt’s lymphoma伯氏疏螺旋体 B. burgdorferi不耐热肠毒素heat labile enterotoxin布鲁菌素Brucellin布鲁菌属Brucella布尼雅病毒科Bunyaviridae苍白螺旋体T. pallidum草绿色溶血性链球菌β-hemolytic streptococcus叉交耐药cross-resistanc插入序列insertion sequence产黑色素普雷沃菌P. melaninogenica产气荚膜梭菌 C. perfringens肠产毒素型大肠埃希菌enterotoxigenic E. coli肠出血型大肠埃希菌enterohemorrhagic E. coli肠道病毒enterovirus肠道沙门菌S. enterica肠道腺病毒enteric adenovirus肠道亚种Subsp. enterica肠道致细胞病变人孤儿病毒enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus 肠毒素enterotoxin肠集聚型大肠埃希菌enteroaggregative E. coli肠侵袭型大肠埃希菌enteroinvasive E. coli肠炎沙门菌S. enteritidis肠致病型大肠埃希菌enteropathogenic E. coli超感染，二重感染superinfection朝鲜出血热Korean hemorrhagic fever成人T细胞白血病adult T-cell leukemia迟缓期lag phase持续性病毒感染persistent viral infection虫媒病毒arbovirus出血热病毒hemorrhagic fever virus触须样纤维antennal fiber穿入penetration传染病infectious disease传染性痴呆病transmissible dementia传染性单核增多症样综合症infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome传染性海绵状脑病transmissible spongiform encephalopathy垂直传播vertical transmission垂直感染vertical infection纯蛋白衍生物purified protein derivative纯培养pure culture刺突spike从毛菌lophotrichate粗糙型菌落rough colony脆弱拟杆菌 B. fragilis大肠埃希菌 E. coli大肠菌素colicin大分生孢子macroconidium大环内脂类macrolide带菌状态carrie state单纯疱疹病毒herpes simplex virus单毛菌monotrichate弹状病毒科Rhabdoviridae蛋白酶抗性蛋白proteinase resistant protein蛋白性感染颗粒（朊粒）proteinaceus infection particle德氏乳杆菌L. delbrueckii登革病毒dengue virus登革出血热dengue hemorrhagic fever登革热dengue fever登革休克综合征dengue shock syndrome碘苷，疱疹净idoxuridine电子显微镜electronmicroscope淀粉样斑amyloid plaque叠氮胸苷azidothymidine定居因子colonization factor定植colonization定植因子抗原I colonization factor antigen type I东方体属Orientia动物源性疾病zoonosis痘病毒科Poxviridae毒力virulence毒素toxin毒性噬菌体virulent phage毒性休克综合征毒素I toxic shock syndrome toxin I毒血症toxemia杜克嗜血杆菌H. ducreyi杜通螺旋体 B. duttonii短芽胞杆菌 B. brevis断发毛癣菌Trichophyton tonsurans对数期exponential phase顿挫感染abortive infection多瘤病毒（属）Polyomavirus多粘芽胞杆菌 B. polymyxa多重复活multiplicity reactivation多重耐药multiple drug resistance俄罗斯春夏脑炎病毒Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus 二分裂binary fission二相性，双相性dimorphic防腐antisepsis放线共生放线杆菌actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans，Aa放线菌属Actinomyces非病原菌nonpathogenic bacterium非病原微生物nonpathogenic microorganism非典型分枝杆菌atypical mycobacteria非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 非结核分枝杆菌nontuberculosis mycobacteria非菌毛粘附物质afimbrial adhesin非溶血性链球菌streptococcus non-hemolyticus非适应性免疫nonadaptive immunity非特异性免疫nonspecific immunity非胃肠道感染parenteral infection非洲出血热Africa hemorrhagic fever肥达试验Widal test肺炎克雷伯菌K. pneumoniae肺炎链球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae肺炎链球菌溶血素pneumolysin肺炎衣原体 C. pneumonia肺炎支原体M. Pneumonia分离物isolate分生孢子conidium分枝杆菌Mycobacterium分枝菌病mycetoma分枝菌酸mycolic acid奋森螺旋体 B. vincent疯牛病mad cow disease福氏志贺菌S. flexneri辅助病毒helper virus腐生菌saprophyte腐生葡萄球菌Staph. saprophyticus附加体episome复制周期replication cycle副流感嗜血杆菌H. parainfluenzae副溶血性弧菌V. parahemolyticus副溶血性嗜血杆菌H. parahaemolyticus副嗜沫嗜血杆菌H. paraphrophilus干扰素interferon甘露糖结合凝集素mannan-binding lectin杆菌肽bacitracin肝病毒属hepatovirus肝特异性脂蛋白抗原liver specific protein肝炎病毒hepatitis virus肝炎相关病毒hepatitis-related virus高密度颗粒凝集试验high density particle agglutination高压蒸汽灭菌autoclaving革兰染色Gram stain隔膜septum庚型肝炎病毒hepatitis G virus钩端螺体属Leptospira枸橼酸盐利用试验citrate utilization test古典生物型classical biotype固定毒株fixed strain关节孢子arthrospore光滑型菌落smooth colony汉城病毒Seoul virus汉滩病毒Hantaan virus汉坦病毒肺综合症hantavirus pulmonary syndrome汉坦病毒属hantavirus核苷类似物nucleoside analogue核苷酸类似物nucleotide analogue核酸杂交nucleotide hybridization核梭杆菌 F. nucleatum核糖核蛋白ribonucleoprotein核心多糖core polysaccharide核质nuclear material赫姆斯螺旋体 B. hermsii红色毛癣菌Trichophyton rubrum红细胞凝集hemagglutination红细胞吸附hemadsorption红疹毒素erythrogenic toxin厚膜孢子clamydospore鲎试验limulus test呼肠病毒科Reoviridae呼吸爆发respiratory burst弧菌属Vibrio互补作用complementation坏死梭杆菌 F. necrophorum黄病毒科Flaviviridae黄病毒属flavivirus黄曲霉aspergillus flavus黄曲霉素aflatoxin回归热螺旋体 B. recurrentis获得性免疫acquired immunity获得性免疫缺陷综合症acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 霍乱弧菌V. cholerae机会性感染oppotunistic infection机会性致病真菌opportunistic fungi基础培养基basic medium基因工程疫苗gene engineered vaccine基因工程载体疫苗gene engineered vectored vaccine 基因缺失活疫苗gene deleted live vaccine基因群genetic group基因型genotype基因重配gene reassortment基因重组gene recombination急性病毒感染acute viral infection急性感染acute infection急性期蛋白acute phase protein脊髓灰质炎poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎病毒poliovirus计划免疫programmed immunization寄生菌parasite荚膜capsule荚膜多糖抗原capsular polysaccharides antigen荚膜肿胀试验capsule swelling test荚膜组织胞浆菌Histoplasma capsulatum甲基红试验methyl red test甲型副伤寒沙门菌S. paratyphi A甲型溶血性链球菌α-hemolytic streptococcus假单胞菌属Pseudomonas假结核耶尔森菌Y. pseudotuberculosia假菌丝pseudohypha假膜pseudomembrane假膜性结肠炎pseudomembranous colitis假丝酵母菌，念珠菌candida尖锐湿疣condylemata acuminata间歇灭菌法fractional sterilization艰难梭菌 C. difficile兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe减毒活疫苗attenuated live vaccine减速期retardation phase交叉复活crossing reactivation酵母菌yeast酵母型菌落yeast type colony接合conjugation街毒株street strain节肢动物媒介病毒arthropod borne virus结肠弯曲菌 C. cali结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis结核杆菌Tubercle bacilli解脲脲原体Ureaplasma urealyticum金黄色葡萄球菌Staph. aureus旧结核菌素old tuberculin局部感染local infection局限性转导restricted transduction巨噬细胞炎性蛋白macrophage inflammatory protein巨细胞包涵体病cytomegalic inclusion disease巨细胞病毒cytomegalovirus聚合酶链反应polymerase chain reaction军团菌属Legionella菌落colony菌毛fimbriae菌毛pili菌群失调dysbacteriosis菌丝hypha菌血症bacteremia菌影ghost菌株、毒株strain卡介菌Bacilli Calmette-Gurin卡氏肺孢菌Pneumocysit carinii卡氏枝孢霉Cladosporium carrianii抗病毒药物antiviral drug抗毒素antitoxin抗菌药物antibacterial agent抗溶血素O antistreptolysin O抗生素antibiotics抗酸杆菌acid-fast bacilli抗酸染色acid-fast stain抗微生物化学治疗antimicrobial chemotherapy抗真菌药物antifungal drug柯克斯属Coxiella柯萨奇病毒coxsackievirus壳粒capsomere克雷伯菌属Klebsiella克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic hever virus 克隆clone克雅病Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease空斑形成plaque formation空肠弯曲菌 C. jejuni空泡毒素vacuolating cytotoxin恐水症hydrophobia枯草芽胞杆菌 B. subtilis狂犬病病毒rabies virus狂犬病病毒属lyssavirus扩散因子spreading factor蜡样芽胞杆菌 B. cereus类白喉杆菌diphtheroid bacilli类鼻疽假单胞菌P. pseudomallei类毒素toxoid类酵母型菌落yeast-like type colony立克次体Rickettsia痢疾杆菌dysentery bacterium痢疾志贺菌S. dysenteriae链道酶streptodornase链激酶streptokinase链霉素依赖株streptomycin dependent strain链球菌Streptococcus链球菌溶血素O streptolysin O链球菌溶血素S streptolysin S两路普雷沃菌P. bivia淋病奈瑟菌N. gonorrhoeae淋球菌gonococcus磷壁酸teichoic acid流感嗜血杆菌H. influenza流行性出血热epidemic hemorrhagic fever流行性乙型脑炎病毒epidemic type B encephalitis virus 六邻体hexon吕氏培养基Leffler medium绿脓色素pyocyanin氯霉素乙酰转移酶chloramphenicol acetyltransferase卵磷脂酶lecithinase轮状病毒rotavirus螺杆菌属Helicobacter麻痹型脊髓灰质炎paralytic poliomyelitis麻风分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae马堡病毒Marburg virus马堡热Marburg fever慢发病毒感染slow viral infection慢性病毒感染chronic viral infection慢性感染chronic infection毛霉菌Mucor毛癣菌属Trichophyton霉菌mold弥漫性多克隆淋巴瘤diffuse polyclonal lymphoma弥散粘附型大肠埃希菌diffusely adherent E. coli密螺旋体属Treponema绵羊布鲁菌 B. ovis灭活疫苗inactivated vaccine灭菌sterilization模式菌株type strain膜攻击复合物membrane attack complex膜菌群membrane flora内毒素endotoxin内毒素血症endotoxemia内毒素样物质endotoxin-like substance内基小体Negri body内罗病毒属nairovirus内膜tegument内氏放线菌 A. naeslundii内源性感染endogenous infection内源性致热源endogenous pyrogens奈瑟菌属Neisseria奈瑟染色Neisser stain耐甲氧苯青霉素金黄色葡萄球菌methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 耐热肠毒素heat stable enterotoxin耐热相关溶血素thermostable related hemolysin耐热直接溶血素thermostable direct hemolysin耐药决定子resistance determinant耐药突变株drug-resistant mutant耐药性drug resistance耐药性传递质粒resistance transfer factor耐药质粒，R质粒resistance plasmid脑膜炎奈瑟菌N. meningitidis脑膜炎球菌meningococcus拟核nucleoid逆转录病毒retrovirus逆转录酶reverse transcriptase黏液放线菌 A. uiscous尿路致病性大肠埃希菌uropathogenic E. coli凝固酶coagulase凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌coagulase negative staphylococci凝集试验agglutination test牛布鲁菌 B. abortus牛海绵状脑病bovine spongiform encephalopathy脓毒血症pyemia脓红色素pyorubin脓青素pyovendin诺卡菌属Nocardia诺瓦克病毒Norwalk virus疱疹B病毒herpes B virus疱疹病毒科Herpesviridae培养基culture medium裴氏着色真菌Fonseceea pedrosoi披膜病毒科Togaviridae皮肤癣菌Dermatophytes皮炎芽生菌blastomyces dermatitidis蜱传脑炎病毒tick-borne encephalitis virus破伤风tetani破伤风痉挛毒素tetanospasmin破伤风抗毒素tetanus antitoxin破伤风梭菌 C. tetani葡萄球菌Staphylococcus葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal protein A葡萄球菌溶血素staphylolysin普遍性转导generalized transduction普氏立克次体R. prowazekii普通变形糖菌P. vulgaris奇异变形杆菌P. mirablis气单胞菌属Aeromonas气性坏疽gas gangrene迁徙生长现象swarming growth phenomenon前病毒provirus前噬菌体prophage潜伏感染latent infection潜伏感染膜蛋白latent membrane protein潜伏期抗原latent phase antigen潜伏性病毒感染latent viral infection侵袭力invasiveness侵袭素invasin侵袭性酶invasive enzyme青霉素penicillin青霉素结合蛋白penicillin-binding protein曲霉属aspergillus龋齿放线菌 A. odontolyticus全身感染generalized infection犬布鲁菌 B. canis缺陷病毒defective virus缺陷干扰质粒defective interfering particle缺陷性细小病毒defective parvovirus群体免疫herd immunity热原质pyrogen人工被动免疫artificial passive immunization人工免疫artificial immunization人工主动免疫artificial active immunization人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus人类疱疹病毒human herpes virus人类疱疹病毒6型human herpes virus 6人类乳头瘤病毒human papillomavirus人类嗜T细胞病毒human T-cell lymphotropic virus人型支原体M. hominis日本乙型脑炎病毒Japanes B encephalitis virus溶菌酶lysozyme溶细胞感染cytolytic infection溶纤维蛋白酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin溶血性嗜血杆菌H. haemolyticus溶原性细菌lysogenic bacterium溶原性转换lysogenic conversion肉毒毒素botulin肉毒梭菌 C. botulinum肉毒中毒botulism乳杆菌属Lactobacillus乳头瘤病毒属Papillomavirus朊粒prion朊粒蛋白prion protein赛科纳瓦saquinavir散发sporadic森林脑炎病毒frest excephalitis virus杀白细胞素leukocidin杀菌剂bactericidal drug杀细胞效应cytocidal effect沙保培养基Sabouraud medium沙门菌属Salmonella沙眼生物变种biovar trachoma沙眼衣原体 C. trachomatis伤寒沙门菌S. typhi伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhi社区感染community infection申克孢子丝菌Sporotrichum schenckii神经氨酸酶neurominidase神经毒素neurotoxins神奈川现象Kanagawa phenomenon肾盂肾炎致病性大肠埃希菌nephropathogenic E. coli 肾综合征出血热hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome 生长曲线growth curve生物分型biotyping生物合成biosynthesis生物制品biological product始体initial body嗜肺军团菌L. pneumophila嗜肝DNA病毒科Hepadnaviridae嗜沫嗜血杆菌H. aphrophilus嗜热芽胞杆菌 B. stearothermophilus嗜水气单胞菌 A. hydrophila嗜酸乳杆菌L. acidophilus嗜血杆菌属Haemophilus嗜盐菌halophilic噬菌体bacteriophage噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing疏螺旋体属Borrelia鼠布鲁菌 B. neotomae鼠毒素murine toxin鼠亚种biovar mouse鼠疫杆菌外膜蛋白Yersinia outer membrane protein 鼠疫耶尔森菌Y. pestis衰亡期decline phase双毛菌amphitrichate双歧杆菌属Bifidobacterium水痘varicella水痘－带状疱疹病毒varicella-zoster virus水平传播horizontal transmission丝状病毒科Filoviridae丝状病毒属filovirus丝状菌flamentous fungus丝状菌落flamentous colony宋内志贺菌S. sonnei宿主范围突变株host-range mutant髓过氧化物酶myeloperoxidase梭杆菌属Fusobacterum梭菌属Clostridium索状因子cord factor胎儿弯曲菌 C. fetus肽聚糖peptidoglycan炭疽芽胞杆菌 B. anthracis特异多糖specific polysaccharide特异免疫specific immunity体液免疫humoral immunity天花smallpox天花病毒variola virus天然免疫innate immunity条件致病菌conditional infection条件致病真菌conditional fungi铁锈色小孢子癣菌microsporum ferrugineum铜绿假单胞菌P. aeruginosa头孢霉素cephalosporin透明质酸酶hyaluronidase突变mutation豚鼠气单胞菌 A. caviae脱壳uncoating外毒素exotoxin外毒素exotoxin外－斐试验Weil-Felix test外膜outer membrane外膜蛋白outer membrane protein外源性感染Exogenous infection弯曲菌属Campylobacter晚期抗原late antigen微生态学microecology微生物学microbiology微需氧菌microaeroohilic bacterium韦荣球菌属Veillonella维隆气单胞菌温和生物型 A. veronii biovar sobrid 伪病毒pseudovirion卫星现象satellite phenomenon温度敏感性突变株conditional-lethal mutant温和噬菌体temperate phage瘟病毒属pestivirus稳定状态感染steady state infection无环鸟苷（阿昔洛韦）acyclovir无菌asepsis无菌性脑膜炎aseptic meningitis无性繁殖asexual reproduction五邻体penton戊型肝炎hepatitis E戊型肝炎病毒hepatitis E virus吸附adsorption希氏沙门菌S. hirschfeldii锡克试验Schick test细胞病变cytopathy细胞病变效应cytopathic effect细胞毒素cytotoxins细胞毒性因子cytotoxicity factor细胞免疫cellular immunity细胞培养cell culture细菌素分型bacteriocin typing细小病毒parvovirus先天感染congenital infection腺病毒adenovirus腺病毒相关病毒adenoassociated virus消毒disinfection消毒剂disinfectant消化链球菌属Peptostreptococcus消化球菌属Peptococcus小孢子癣菌属microsporum小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Y. enterocolitica小分生孢子microconidium小核糖核酸病毒科Picornaviridae小韦荣球菌V. parvula小圆形结构病毒small round structured virus肖氏沙门菌S. schottmuelleri辛诺柏病毒Sin Nombre virus新肠道病毒new enterovirus新疆出血热病毒Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus新生隐球菌Cryptococcus neoformans星形诺卡菌N. asteroides星状病毒astrovirus猩红热毒素scarlet fever toxin型type性病淋巴肉芽肿lymphogranuloma venereum性病淋巴肉芽肿亚种biovar lymphogranuloma venereum 性传播疾病sexually transmitted disease汹涌发酵stormy fermentation许兰毛癣菌Trichophyton schoenleinii选择培养基selective medium癣tinea血凝素hemagglutinin血清学分型serotyping血清学诊断serological diagnosis芽胞spore，endospore芽胞杆菌属Bacillus芽生孢子blastospore亚单位疫苗subunit vaccine亚临床感染subclinical infection亚种subspecies亚洲璃眼蜱hyalomma asiaticum烟曲霉aspergillus fumigatus羊布鲁菌 B. melitensis羊瘙痒病scrapie羊瘙痒病相关纤维scrapie-associated fibrils羊瘙痒病因子朊粒蛋白scrapie isoform of PrP恙虫病立克次体R. tsutsugamushi药敏试验antimicrobial susceptibility test耶尔森菌属Yersinia野毒株wild strain叶状孢子thallospore衣壳capsid衣氏放线菌 A. israelii衣原体Chlamydia医学微生物学medical microbiology医院感染hospital infection医院感染nosocomial infection医院获得性感染hospital-acquired infection遗传重组疫苗genetic recombinant vaccine乙型溶血性链球菌β-hemolytic streptococcus 异染颗粒metachromatic granules异养菌heterotroph抑菌bacteriostasis抑菌剂bacteriostat易损气单胞菌 A. trota疫苗vaccine隐性感染inapparent infection鹦鹉热衣原体 C. psittaci幽门螺杆菌H. pylori有隔菌丝septate hypha有性繁殖sexual reproduction预防接种prophylactic immunization原核细胞型微生物prokaryote原内毒素蛋白original endotoxin protein原内毒素相关蛋白cytotoxin-associated gene a 原生质体protoplast原生质体融合protoplast fusion原体elementary body原位杂交in situ hybrization再生障碍危象aplastic crisis早老性痴呆病presenile dementia早期抗原early antigen增菌培养基enrichment medium窄谱narrow spectrum粘附素adhesin粘肽mucopeptide粘液型菌落mucoid colony真核细胞型微生物ekaryote真菌fungus真菌病mycoses真菌毒素mycotoxin真菌毒素学mycotoxiology真菌中毒mycotoxicosis真细菌ebacterium整合integration正常菌群normal flora正常微生物群normal microbiota正常细胞朊粒蛋白cellular isoform of prp 支原体Mycoplasma支原体肺炎Mycoplasma pneumonia脂多糖Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)脂多糖结合蛋白LPS-binding protein脂磷壁酸lipoteichoic acid脂质A lipid A志贺毒素shiga toxin志贺菌属Shigella志贺样毒素shiga-like toxin质粒plasmid致病性pathogenicity致病性真菌pathogenic fungi致热反应pyogenicity致热外毒素pyrogenic exotoxins致死因子lethal factor中和抗体neutralizing antibody中和作用neutralization test中介体mesome种species周毛菌peritrichate猪布鲁菌 B. suis猪霍乱沙门菌S. cholerae-suis专性需氧菌obligate aerobe转导transduction转化transformation转座子transposon装配assembly着色真菌chromomycosis紫色毛癣菌Trichophyton violaceum自溶酶autolysin自养菌autotrophy组织培养tissue culture最大稳定期maximum stationary phase。
医学微生物学词汇中英对照
医学微生物学词汇中英对照医学微生物学是微生物学的一个分支，亦是医学的一门基础学科。
接下来小编为大家整理了医学微生物学词汇中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!spike 刺突，锋电位spirochete 螺旋体spore， endospore 芽胞sterilization 灭菌、消毒、绝育subclinical infection 亚临床感染superinfection 重叠感染teichoic acid 胞壁酸adenovirus 腺病毒adsorption 吸附aerobe 需氧菌aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素airborne transmission 空气传播amantadine 金刚烷胺anaerobe 厌氧菌anthrax 炭疽antigenic drift 抗原漂移，抗原转变asepsis 无菌assembly 组装attenuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗autoclaving 高压蒸汽灭菌法bacteremia 菌血症binary fission 二分裂法blood agar (plate) 血琼脂 (平皿)Bordetella pertussis 百日咳杆菌budding 出芽Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌? Candida albicans 白色念珠菌?capsid 衣壳?capsule 荚膜，被膜，囊胞?darkfield microscope 暗视野显微镜? defective virus 缺陷病毒?Dengue virus 登革病毒?differential medium 鉴别培养基? disinfection 消毒dot blot 斑点分子杂交法?droplet transmission 飞沫传播?drug resistance 耐药性?eclipse period 隐蔽期?endotoxin 内毒素?enterotoxin 肠毒素?enterovirus 肠道病毒?envelope 包膜?epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热etiology 病原学?exotoxin 外毒素?facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌 ? flagellum， flagella 鞭毛?flora disequilibrium 菌群失调? fungus， fungi 真菌?fusion 融合?generalized transduction 普遍性转导? genome mutation 基因组突变? genome variation 基因组变异? gonorrhea 淋病?Gram staining 革兰染色法?Seoul virus 汉城型病毒hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科?heparnavirus 嗜肝RNA病毒属?horizontal transmission 水平传播?hyaluronidase (spreading factor) 透明质酸酶inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗?inapparent infection 非显性感染?indole test 吲哚试验?influenza A virus 甲型流感病毒?integration 整合，整体性?legionella pneumophilia 嗜肺军团菌?lysogenic conversion 溶原转换?lysozyme 溶菌酶measles virus 麻疹病毒mesosome 中介体methyl red (MR) test 甲基红试验MMR vaccine (measles， mumps， rubella) 麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tubercle bacillus， TB) 结核杆菌mycosis 真菌病naked virus 裸病毒Negri body 内基小体normal flora 正常菌群，正常菌丛Northern blot RNA分子杂交印迹法nosocomial disease 医源性疾病nucleocapsid 核衣壳obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌orthomyxovirus 正粘病毒paramyxovirus 副粘病毒penetration 穿入peptidoglycan 肽聚糖persistent infection 持续性感染picornavirus 小RNA病毒plasmid 质粒poliovirus， polio 脊髓灰质炎病毒Pseudomonas aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌pyemia 脓血症、脓毒症pyrogen 致热源rabies virus 狂犬病病毒recombination 重组合，基因重组release 释放retrovirus 逆转录病毒reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症Shigella 志贺菌属Southern blot Southern印迹temperate (lysogenic) phage 温和噬菌体，溶原噬菌体。
微生物名称中英文对照表(全面的致病菌中英文对照表)
乡间布丘菌 Buttiauxella agrestis布戴约维采菌属：水生布戴维约采菌 Budvicia aquatica布鲁菌属：布鲁菌属某些种 Brucella spp西地西菌属：戴氏西地西菌 Cedecea davisae拉氏西地西菌 Cedecea lapagei奈氏西地西菌 Cedecea neteri柠檬酸杆菌属：无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter amalonaticus（+/-无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter amalonaticus) 布氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter braakii（+/-弗氏柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter freundii)法氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter farmeri（+/-无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter amalonaticus) 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter freundii（+/-弗氏柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter freundii)柯氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter koseri（=差异柠檬酸杆菌） (=Citrobacter diversus)杨氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter youngae（+/-弗氏柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter freundii)克氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter koseri/amalonaticus 爱德华菌属：迟钝爱德华菌 Edwardsiella tarda保科爱德华菌 Edwardsiella hoshinae艾肯菌属：啮蚀艾肯菌 Eikenella corrodens肠杆菌属：阴沟肠杆菌 Enterobacter cloacae产气肠杆菌 Enterobacter aerogenes河生肠杆菌 Enterobacter amnigenus中间肠杆菌 Enterobacter intermedius日沟维肠杆菌 Enterobacter gergoviae阪崎肠杆菌 Enterobacter sakazakii生癌肠杆菌 Enterobacter cancerogenus（=泰勒肠杆菌） (=Enterobacter taylorae)阿氏肠杆菌 Enterobacter asburiae伯克霍尔德菌属：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌 Burkholderia cepacie（=洋葱假单胞菌） (=Pseudomonas cepacie)欧文菌属：欧文菌属某些种 Erwinia spp大肠埃希菌 Escherichia coli弗格森埃希菌 Escherichia fergusonii赫氏埃希菌 Escherichia hermannii伤口埃希菌 Escherichia vulneris假单胞菌属：铜绿假单胞菌 Pseudomonsa aeruginosa荧光假单胞菌 Pseudomonsa fluorescens恶臭假单胞菌 Pseudomonsa putida类鼻疽假单胞菌 Pseudomonsa pseudomallei假单胞菌属某些种 Pseudomonsa spp寡养单胞菌属：嗜麦寡养食单胞菌 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia（=嗜麦芽黄单胞菌） (= Xanthomonas maltophilia)气单胞菌属：嗜水气单胞菌 Aeromonas hydrophila豚鼠气单胞菌 Aeromonas caviae杀鲑杀鲑气单胞菌 Aeromona ssalmonicidas salmonicidas （=杀鲑气单胞菌） (=Aeromonas salmonicidas)温和气单胞菌 Aeromonas sobria产碱菌属：产碱菌属某些种 Alcaligenes spp克雷伯菌属：植生肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella planticola土生拉乌尔菌 Raoultella terrigena解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌 Raoultella ornithinolytica产酸克雷伯菌 Klebsiella oxytoca肺炎肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae臭鼻肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae ozaenae鼻硬结肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella pneumonia rhinoscleromatis 克吕沃尔菌属：克吕沃尔菌属某些种 Kluyvera spp抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌 Kluyvera ascorbata栖冷克吕沃尔菌 Kluyvera cryocrescens科泽菌属：特氏科泽菌 Koserella trabulsii勒克菌属：非脱羧勒克菌 Leclercia adecarboxylata米勒菌属：威斯康星米勒菌 Moellerella wisconsensis摩根菌属：摩氏摩根菌 Morganella morganii变形杆菌属：奇异变形杆菌 Proteus mirabilis彭氏变形杆菌 Proteus penneri普通变形杆菌群 Proteus vulgaris group普罗威登斯菌属：产碱普罗威登斯菌 Providencia alcalifaciens 雷氏普罗威登斯菌 Providencia rettgeri斯氏普罗威登斯菌 Providencia stuartii拉氏普罗威登斯菌 Providencia rustigianii 腐败希瓦菌群 Shewanella putrefaciens group 爱文菌属：美洲爱文菌 Ewingella americana哈夫尼菌属：蜂房哈夫尼菌 Hafnia alvei沙雷菌属：无花果沙雷菌 Serratia ficaria居泉沙雷菌 Serratia fonticola液化沙雷菌 Serratia liquefaciens粘质沙雷菌 Serratia marcescens气味沙雷菌1型 Serratia odorifera 1气味沙雷菌2型 Serratia odorifera 2普城沙雷菌 Serratia plymuthica深红沙雷菌 Serratia rubidaea志贺菌属：鲍氏志贺菌 Shigella bogdii痢疾志贺菌 Shigella dysenteriae弗氏志贺菌 Shigella flexneri索氏志贺菌 Shigella sonnei塔特姆菌属：痰塔特姆菌 Tatumella ptyseos志贺菌属某些种 Shigella spp耶尔森菌属：小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌 Yersinia enterocolitica 弗氏耶尔森菌 Yersinia fredericksenii中间耶尔森菌 Yersinia intermedia克氏耶尔森菌 Yersinia kristensenii鼠疫耶尔森菌 Yersinia pestis假结核耶尔森菌 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 鲁氏耶尔森菌 Yersinia ruckeri莫拉菌属：莫拉菌属某些种 Moraxella spp巴斯德菌属：产气巴斯德菌 Pasteurella aerogenes溶血曼海姆菌 Mannheimia haemolytica多杀巴斯德菌 Pasteurella multocida侵肺巴斯德菌 Pasteurella pneumotropica巴斯德菌属某些种 Pasteurella spp沙门菌属：猪霍乱沙门菌亚利桑那亚种 Salmonella choleraesuis ssp arizonae 猪霍乱沙门菌猪霍乱亚种 Salmonella choleraesuis ssp choleraesuis 沙门菌甲型副伤寒血清型 Salmonella ser.Paratyphi A乙型副伤寒沙门菌 Salmonella paratyphi B沙门菌属某些种 Salmonella spp伤寒沙门菌 Salmonella typhi肠炎沙门菌 Salmonella enteritidis沙门菌鸡血清型 Salmonella ser.Gallinarum沙门菌鸡白痢血清型 Salmonella ser.Pullorum鼠伤寒沙门菌 Salmonella typhimurium不动杆菌属：鲍曼不动杆菌 Acinetobacter baumannii醋酸钙不动杆菌 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus不动杆菌属某些种 Acinetobacter spp鞘氨醇单胞菌属：少动鞘氨醇单胞菌 Sphlingomonas paucimobilis发光杆菌属：美人鱼发光杆菌 Photobacterium damselae（=美人鱼利斯顿菌） (= Listonella damsela)邻单胞菌属：类志贺邻单胞菌 Plesiomonas shigelloides拉恩菌属：水生拉恩菌 Rahnella aquatilis弧菌属：解藻朊酸弧菌 Vibrio alginolyticus霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae河流弧菌 Vibrio fluvialis霍利斯格里蒙菌 Grimontia hollisae最小弧菌 Vibrio mimicus副溶血弧菌 Vibrio parahaemolyticus创伤弧菌 Vibrio vulnificus无色杆菌属：无色杆菌属某些种 Achromobacter spp博德特菌属：博德特菌属某些种 Bordetella spp色杆菌属：紫色色杆菌 Chromobacterium violaceum金色单胞菌属：浅黄假单胞菌 Pseudomonas luteola金黄杆菌属：产吲哚金黄杆菌 Chryseobacterium indologenes（=产吲哚黄杆菌） (= Flavobacterium indologenes)脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum（=脑膜脓毒性黄杆菌） (=Flavobacterium meningosepticum)黄色单胞菌属：栖稻黄色单胞菌 Flavimonas oryzihabitans希瓦菌属：腐败希瓦菌 Shewanella putrefaciens鞘氨醇杆菌属：多食鞘氨醇杆菌 Sphingobacterium multivorum威克斯菌属：有毒威克斯菌 Weeksella virosa动物溃疡威克斯菌 Weeksella zoohelcum栖稻假单胞菌 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans假单胞菌属：绿脓假单胞菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa产碱假单胞菌 Pseudomonas alcaligenes荧光假单胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens门多萨假单胞菌 Pseudomonas mendocina假产碱假单胞菌 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes恶臭假单胞菌 Pseudomonas sputita施氏假单胞菌 Pseudomonas stutzeri不动杆菌属：鲍氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter baumanii乙酸钙不动杆菌 Acinetobacter calcoaceticu溶血不动杆菌 Acinetobacter haemolyticus琼氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter junii约氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter johnsonii鲁氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter lwoffii抗辐射不动杆菌 Acinetobacter radioresistgns莫拉菌属：腔隙莫拉菌 Moraxella lacunata非液化莫拉菌 Moraxella nonliquefaciens奥斯陆莫拉菌 Moraxella osloensis莫拉菌属某些种 Moraxella spp巴斯德菌属：产气巴斯德菌 Pasteurella aerogenes溶血曼海姆菌/海藻巴斯德菌 Mannheimnia haemolytica/Pasteurella trehalosi 多杀巴斯德菌 Pasteurella multocida侵肺巴斯德菌 Pasteurella pneumotropica巴斯德菌群EF4 Pasteurella gr.EF4巴斯德菌属某些种 Pasteurella spp气单胞菌属：嗜水气单胞菌 Aeromonas hydrophila豚鼠气单胞菌 Aeromonas caviae温和气单胞菌 Aeromonas sobria杀日本鲑杀鲑气单胞菌 Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida无色杀鲑气单胞菌 Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes杀鲑杀鲑气单胞菌 Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida（=杀鲑气单胞菌） (= Aeromonsa salmonicida)发光杆菌属：美人鱼发光杆菌 Photobacterium damselae（=美人鱼利斯顿菌） ( =Listonella damsela)邻单胞菌属：类志贺邻单胞菌 Plesiomonas shigelloides威克斯菌属：有毒威克斯菌 Weeksella virosa伯格菌属：动物溃疡伯格菌 Bergeyella zoohelcum（=动物溃疡威克斯菌） (= Weeksella zoohelcum)窄食单胞菌属：嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia（=嗜麦芽黄单胞菌） (=Xanthomonas naltophilia)短波单胞菌属：缺陷短波单胞菌 Brevendimonas diminuta（=缺陷假单胞菌） (=Pseudomanas diminuta)泡囊短波单胞菌 Brevendimonas vesicularis（=泡囊假单胞菌） (=Pseudomanas vesicularis)腐败希瓦菌群 Shewanella putrefaciens group产碱菌属：粪产碱菌 Alcaligenes faecalis反硝化无色杆菌 Achromobacter denitrificans（=木糖氧化产碱杆菌反硝化亚种） (=A. xylosoxidans subsp denitrificans) 木糖氧化无色杆菌 Achromobacter xylosoxidans（=木糖氧化产碱杆菌木糖亚种） (=A. xylosoxidans subsp xylosoxidans)土壤杆菌属：放射根瘤菌 Rhizobium radiobacter博德特菌属：支气管炎博德特菌 Bordetella bronchiseptica鸟博德特菌 Bordetella aviumCDC：少见沃特菌 Wautersia paucula丛毛单胞菌属：睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌 Comonas testosteroni（=睾丸酮假单胞菌） (= Pseudomonas testosteroni)食酸代尔夫特菌 Delftia acidovorans（=食酸假单胞菌） (= Pseudomonas acidovorans)色杆菌属：紫色色杆菌 Chromobacterium violaceum金色单胞菌属：浅黄假单胞菌 Pseudomonas luteola黄色单胞菌属：栖稻假单胞菌 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans苍白杆菌属：人苍白杆菌 Ochrobactrum anthropi寡源杆菌属：解脲寡源杆菌 Oligella ureolytica尿道寡源杆菌 Oligella urethralis希瓦菌属：腐败希瓦菌 Shewanella putrefaciens鞘氨醇单胞菌属：少动鞘氨醇单胞菌 Sphlingomonas paucimobilis鞘氨醇杆菌属：多食鞘氨醇杆菌 Sphingobacterium multivorum食神鞘氨醇杆菌 Sphingobacterium spiritovorum弧菌属：解藻朊酸弧菌 Vibrio alginolyticus霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae河流弧菌 Vibrio fluvialis霍利斯格里蒙菌 Grimontia hollisae梅氏弧菌 Vibrio metschnikovii最小弧菌 Vibrio mimicus副溶血弧菌 Vibrio parahaemolyticus创伤弧菌 Vibrio vulnificus伯克霍尔德菌属：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌 Burkholderia cepacia（=洋葱假单胞菌） (=Pseudomonas cepacia)唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌 Burkholderia gladioli类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌 Burkholderia pseudomallei（=类鼻疽假单胞菌） (=Pseudomonas pseudomallei)链球菌属：毗邻颗粒链菌 Granulicatella adiacens（=毗邻链球菌） (=Streptococcus adjacens)软弱克养菌 Abiotrophia defectiva（=软弱链球菌） (=Streptococcus defectiva)少酸链球菌 Streptococcus acidominimus无乳链球菌 Streptococcus agalactiae咽峡炎链球菌 Streptococcus anginosus牛链球菌Ⅰ Streptococcus bovis Ⅰ牛链球菌Ⅱ Streptococcus bovis Ⅱ狗链球菌 Streptococcus canis软弱链球菌 Streptococcus defectivus停乳停乳链球菌 Streptococcus dysgalatiae dysgalatiae（=停乳链球菌） (=Streptococcus dysgalatiae)马肠链球菌 Streptococcus equinus似马停乳链球菌 Streptococcus dysgalactiae equisimilis (=似马链球菌） (= Streptococcus equisimilis)星座链球菌 Streptococcus constellatus中间链球菌 Streptococcus intermadius缓症链球菌 Streptococcus mitis口腔链球菌 Streptococcus oralis类血链球菌 Streptococcus parasanguis肺炎链球菌 Streptococcus penumoniae豕链球菌 Streptococcus porcinus化脓链球菌 Streptococcus pyogenes唾液唾液链球菌 Streptococcus salivarius salivarius嗜热唾液链球菌 Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus 血链球菌 Streptococcus sanguinis猪链球菌Ⅰ Streptococcus suisⅠ猪链球菌Ⅱ Streptococcus suisⅡ兽瘟马链球菌 Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus唾液链球菌 Streptococcus salivarius马马链球菌 Streptococcus equi equi格氏链球菌 Streptococcus gordoniiL群链球菌 Streptococcus gr L变异链球菌 Streptococcus mutans乳房链球菌 Streptococcus uberis肠球菌属：铅黄肠球菌 Enterococcus casselifavus耐久肠球菌 Enterococcus durans粪肠球菌 Enterococcus faecalis屎肠球菌 Enterococcus faecium鹑鸡肠球菌 Enterococcus gallinarum鸟肠球菌 Enterococcus avium气球菌属：浅绿气球菌 Aerococcus viridans加德纳菌属：阴道加德纳菌 Gardnerella vaginalis孪生球菌属：溶血孪生球菌 Gemella haemolysans麻疹孪生球菌 Gemella morbillorum乳球菌属：乳脂乳酸乳球菌 Lactococcus lactis cremoris乳乳酸乳球菌 Lactococcus lactis lactis明串珠菌属：明串珠菌属某些种 Luconostoc spp利斯特菌属：无害利斯特菌 Listeria innocua伊氏利斯特菌 Listeria ivanovii单核细胞增生利斯特菌 Listeria monocytogenes斯氏利斯特菌 Listeria seeligeri利斯特菌属某些种 Listeria spp威氏利斯特菌 Listeria welshimeri嗜热链球菌 Streptococcus thermophilus弯曲杆菌属：大肠弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter coli嗜低温弓形杆菌 Arcobacter cryaerohoilus（=嗜低温弯曲杆菌） (= Campylobacter ryaerophilus)胚胎胚胎弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter fetus fetus性病胚胎弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter fetus venerealis豚肠弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter hyointestinalis德莱空肠弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter jejuni doylei空肠空肠弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter jejuni jejuni红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter lari红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌UPTC Campylobacter lari UPTC粘膜弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter mucosalis牛唾液弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种 Campylobacter sputorum bv fecalis 乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter upsaliensis同性恋螺杆菌 Helicobacter cinaedi（=同性恋弯曲杆菌） (=Campylobacter cinaedi)芬纳尔螺杆菌 Helicobacter fennelliae（=芬纳尔弯曲杆菌） (=Campylobacter fennelliae)幽门螺杆菌 Helicobacter pylori葡萄球菌属：金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus耳葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus auricularis头状葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus capitis山羊葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus caprae肉葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus carnosus产色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus chromogenes科氏科氏葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii（+/-科氏葡萄球菌） (+/-Staphylococcus cohnii )解脲科氏葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum（+/-科氏葡萄球菌） (+/-Staphylococcus cohnii )表皮葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus epidermidis溶血葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus haemolyticus人葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus hominis猪葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus hyicus缓慢葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus lentus路邓葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus lugdunensis腐生葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus sarophyticus施氏葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus schleiferi松鼠葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus sciuri模仿葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus simulans沃氏葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus warneri木糖葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus xylosus库克菌属：克氏库克菌 Kocuria kristinae（=克氏微球菌） (=Micrococcus kristinae)变异库克菌 Kocuria varians（=变异微球菌） (=Micrococcus varians)玫瑰色库克菌 Kocuria roseus（=玫瑰色微球菌） (=Micrococcus roseus)微球菌属：滕黄微球菌 Micrococcus luteus莱拉微球菌 Micrococcus lylae微球菌属某些种 Micrococcus spp粘滑罗斯菌 Rothia mucilaginosa不动盖球菌 Kytococcus sedentaruis（=不动微球菌） (=Micrococcus sedentaruis)西宫皮肤球菌 Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis（=西宫微球菌） (=Micrococcus nishinomiyaensis) API NH 奈瑟氏菌及嗜血杆菌鉴定系统（Ref. 10 400）伴放线菌素嗜血菌 Haemophilus actinomycemtecomitans 奈瑟球菌属：淋病奈瑟球菌 Neisseria gonorrhoeae脑膜炎奈瑟球菌 Neisseria meningitidis乳糖奈瑟球菌 Neisseria lactamica多糖奈瑟球菌 Neisseria polysaccharea灰色奈瑟球菌 Neisseria cinerea干燥奈瑟球菌 Neisseria sicca粘液奈瑟球菌 Neisseria mucosa奈瑟菌属某些种 Neisseria spp微黄奈瑟球菌 Neisseria subflava嗜血杆菌属：流感嗜血杆菌 Haemophilus influenzae流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ Haemophilus influenzaeⅠ流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ Haemophilus influenzaeⅡ流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ Haemophilus influenzaeⅢ流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ Haemophilus influenzaeⅣ流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ Haemophilus influenzaeⅤ副鸡嗜血菌 Haemophilus paragallinarum流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ Haemophilus influenzaeⅥ流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ Haemophilus influenzaeⅦ流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ Haemophilus influenzaeⅧ副流感嗜血杆菌 Haemophilus parainfluenzae副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅠ副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅡ副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅢ副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅣ副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅤ副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅥ副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅦ副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ Haemophilus parainfluenzaeⅧ嗜沫嗜血杆菌 Haemophilus aphrophilus副嗜沫嗜血杆菌 Haemophilus paraphrophilus睡眠嗜组织菌 Histophilus somni布兰汉球菌属：卡他莫拉菌（布兰汉菌） Moraxella(Branhamella) catarrhalis 大叶性肺炎放线杆菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae假丝酵母属：白假丝酵母 Candida albicans博伊丁假丝酵母 Candida boidinii西弗射盾子囊霉 Stephanoascus ciferrii软假丝酵母 Candida colliculosa都柏林假丝酵母 Candida dubliniensis无名假丝酵母 Candida famata光滑假丝酵母 Candida glabrata季也蒙假丝酵母 Candida guilliermondii平常假丝酵母 Candida inconspicua乳酒假丝酵母 Candida kefyr克柔假丝酵母 Candida krusei朗比可假丝酵母 Candida lambica解脂假丝酵母 Candida lipolytica葡萄牙假丝酵母 Candida lusitaniae木篮假丝酵母 Candida magnoliae挪威假丝酵母 Candida norvegensis近平滑假丝酵母 Candida parapsilosis菌膜假丝酵母 Candida pelliculosa皱落假丝酵母 Candida rugosa圆球形假丝酵母 Candida sphaerica热带假丝酵母 Candida tropicalis产朊假丝酵母 Candida utilis诞沫假丝酵母 Candida zeylanoides隐球菌属：浅白隐球酵母 Cryptococcus albidus腐殖隐球菌 Cryptococcus humicola（=土生假丝酵母） (= Candida humicolus)罗伦隐球酵母 Cryptococcus laurentii新型隐球酵母 Cryptococcus neoformans地生隐球酵母 Cryptococcus terreus指甲隐球酵母 Cryptococcus uniguttulatus地霉属：白地霉 Geotrichum candidum头状地霉 Geotrichum capitatum（=头状丝孢酵母） (=Trichosporon capitatum)克氏地霉 Geotrichum klebahnii安格斯毕赤酵母 Pichia angusta克勒克酵母属：埃皮斯克勒克酵母 Kloeckera apis细尖克勒克酵母 Kloeckera apiculata日本克勒克酵母 Kloeckera japonica克勒克酵母某些种 Kloeckera spp奥默柯达菌 Kodamaea ohmeri魏氏原壁菌 Prototheca wickerhamii红酵母属：粘红酵母 Rhodotorula glutinis小红酵母 Rhodotorula minuta粘质红酵母 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa（=深红酵母+果蝇红酵母）（=Rhodotorula rubra + Rhodotorula pilimanae）酵母属：酿酒酵母 Saccharomyces cerevisiae掷孢酵母属：赭色掷孢酵母 Sporobolomyces salmonicolor丝孢酵母属：阿萨丝孢酵母 Trichosporon asahii（+/-皮状丝孢酵母） (+/-Trichosporon cutaneum)墨汁丝孢酵母 Trichosporon inkin（+/-皮状丝孢酵母） (+/- Trichosporon cutaneum)粘性丝孢酵母 Trichosporon mucoides（+/-皮状丝孢酵母） (+/- Trichosporon cutaneum)白色假丝酵母 Candida albicans无名丝酵母 Candida famata光滑假丝酵母 Candida glabrata平常假丝酵母 Candida inconspicua乳洒假丝酵母 Candida kefyr克假丝酵母 Candida krusei葡萄牙假丝酵母 Candida lusitaniae挪威假丝酵母 Candida norvegensis近平滑假丝酵母 Candida parapsilosis热带假丝酵母 Candida tropicalis新型隐球酵母 Cryytococcus neoformans白地霉 Geotrichum candidum头状地霉 Geotrichum capitatum(=头状丝孢酵母) (=Trichosporon capitatum) 酿洒酵母 Saccharomyces cerevisiae丝孢酵母某些种 Trichosporon spp放线菌属：衣氏放线菌 Actinomyces israelii麦氏放线菌 Actinomyces meyeri内氏放线菌 Actinomyces naeslundii溶齿放线菌 Actinomyces odontolyticus粘放线菌 Actinomyces viscosus拟杆菌属：粪拟杆菌 Bacteroides caccae多毛拟杆菌 Bacteroides capillosus吉氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides distasonis埃氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides eggerthii脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis屎拟杆菌 Bacteroides merdae卵形拟杆菌 Bacteroides ovatus粪便拟杆菌 Bacteroides stercoris多型拟杆菌 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 单形拟杆菌 Bacteroides uniformis解脲拟杆菌 Bacteroides ureolyticus普通拟杆菌 Bacteroides vulgatus双歧杆菌属：青春双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 双歧双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium bifidum短双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium breve齿双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium dentium双歧杆菌某些种 Bifidobacterium spp梭菌属：巴氏梭菌 Clostridium barati拜氏梭菌 Clostridium beijerinckii双酶梭菌 Clostridium bifermentans肉毒梭菌 Clostridium botlinum拜氏/丁酸梭菌 Clostridium beijerinckii/butyricus 丁酸梭菌 Clostridium butyricus尸毒梭菌 Clostridium cadaveris梭状梭菌 Clostridium clostridioforme艰难梭菌 Clostridium difficile矛形梭菌 Clostridium hastiforms溶组织梭菌 Clostridium histolyticum无害芽胞梭菌 Clostridium innocuum泥渣梭菌 Clostridium limosum类腐败梭菌 Clostridium paraputrificum产气荚膜梭菌 Clostridium perfringens多枝梭菌 Clostridium ramosum败毒梭菌 Clostridium septicum索氏梭菌 Clostridium sordellii生孢梭菌 Clostridium sporogenes梭菌属某些种 Clostridium spp近端梭菌 Clostridium subterminate第三梭菌 Clostridium tertium破伤风梭菌 Clostridium tetani产气柯林斯菌 Collinsella aerofaciens真杆菌属：产气真杆菌 Eubacterium aerofaciens迟缓埃格特菌 Eggerthelle lenta粘液真杆菌 Eubacterium limosum梭杆菌属：死亡梭杆菌 Fusobacterium mortiferum坏死梭杆菌 Fusobacterium necroporum具核梭杆菌 Fusobacterium nucleatum可变梭杆菌 Fusobacterium varium孪生球菌属：麻疹孪生球菌 Gemella mobillorum乳杆菌属：嗜乳酸杆菌 Lactobacillus acidophilus发酵乳杆菌 Lactobacillus fermentium詹氏乳杆菌 Lactobacillus jensenii消化球菌属：黑色消化球菌 Peptococcus niger卟啉单胞菌属：不解糖卟啉单胞菌 Porphyromonas asaccharolyticus牙龈卟啉单胞菌 Porphyromonas gingivalis普雷沃菌属：二路普雷沃菌 Prevotella bivia颊普雷沃菌 Prevotella buccae解糖胨普雷沃菌 Prevotella disiens中间普雷沃菌 Prevotella intermedia产黑色普雷沃菌 Prevotella melaninogenica口腔普雷沃菌 Prevotella oralis口普雷沃菌(=口拟杆菌) Prevotella oris(=Bacteroides oris) 丙酸杆菌属：疮疱丙酸杆菌 Propionibacterium acnes颗粒丙酸杆菌 Propionibacterium granulosum贪婪丙酸杆菌 Propionibacterium avidum丙酸丙酸杆菌 Propionibacterium propionicum消化链球菌属：不解糖嗜胨菌 Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus厌氧消化链球菌 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius吲哚消化链球菌 Peptostreptococcus indolicus大消化链球菌 Peptostreptococcus magnus微小消化链球菌 Peptostreptococcus micros普氏消化链球菌 Peptostreptococcus prevotii消化链球菌群 Peptostreptococcus group葡萄球菌属：解糖葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus saccharolylicus链球菌属：星座链球菌 Streptococcus constellaus中间链球菌 Streptococcus intermedius韦荣球菌属：小韦荣球菌 Veillonella parvula棒杆菌属：水生雷弗森菌 Leifsonia aquatica拥挤棒杆菌 Corynebacterium accolens（=G1群棒杆菌） (=Corynebacterium group G1)非发酵棒杆菌 Corynebacterium afermentans（+/-ANF-1群棒杆菌） (+/-Corynebacterium group ANF-1)无枝菌酸棒杆菌 Corynebacterium amycolatum银色棒杆菌 Corynebacterium argentoratense耳棒杆菌 Corynebacterium auris科伊尔棒杆菌 Corynebacterium coyleae膀胱炎棒杆菌 Corynebacterium cystitidisbelfanti白喉棒杆菌 Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti中间白喉棒杆菌 C. diphtheriae intermedius解葡萄糖苷棒杆菌 Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum 麦氏棒杆菌 Corynebacterium macginleyi（=G1/G2群棒杆菌） (= Corynebacterium group G1/G2) 兔肾棒杆菌群 Corynebacterium renale group丙酸棒杆菌 Corynebacterium propinquum(=ANF-3群棒杆菌) (= Corynebacterium ANF-3)解葡萄糖苷棒杆菌 Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum 解脲棒杆菌 Corynebacterium urealyticum(=D2群棒杆菌) (= Corynebacterium Group D2)牛棒杆菌 Corynebacterium bovis缓和白喉棒杆菌 Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis重白喉棒杆菌 Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis杰氏棒杆菌 Corynebacterium jeikeium库氏棒杆菌 Corynebacterium kutscher（=JK群棒杆菌） (= Corynebacterium gr.JK)极小棒杆菌 Corynebacterium minutissimum多毛棒杆菌 Corynebacterium pilosum假结核棒杆菌 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis假白喉棒杆菌 Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 兔肾炎棒杆菌 Corynebacterium renale纹带棒杆菌 Corynebacterium striatum溃疡棒杆菌 Corynebacterium ulceransF-1群棒杆菌 Corynebacterium group F- 1（=F群棒杆菌） (= Corynebacterium group F)G群棒杆菌 Corynebacterium group G（=G1/G2群棒杆菌） (= Corynebacterium group G1/G2) 红球菌属：马红球菌 Rhodococcus equi红球菌属某些种 Rhodococcus spp利斯特菌属：单核细胞增生利斯特菌 Listeria monocytogenes无害利斯特菌 Listeria innocua格氏利斯特菌 Listeria grayi斯氏利斯特菌 Listeria seeligeri魏氏利斯特菌 Listeria welshimeri利斯特菌属某些种 Listeria spp厄菌属：厄菌属某些种 Oerskovia spp放线菌属：无硝纽氏放线菌 Actinomyces neuii anitratus纽氏纽氏放线菌 Actinomyces neuii neuii Actinomyces neuii radingae图列茨放线菌 Actinomyces neuii turicensis丹毒丝菌属：猪红斑丹毒丝菌 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae隐秘杆菌属：溶血隐秘杆菌 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum伯纳德隐秘杆菌 Arcanobacterium bernardiae化脓隐秘杆菌 Arcanobacterium pyogenes（=化脓放线菌） (= Actinomyces pyogenes)短杆菌属：短杆菌属某些种 Brevibacterium spp乳酪短杆菌 Brevibacterium casei（=B1和B3群棒杆菌） (= Corynebacterium gr B1 and B3) 表皮短杆菌 Brevibacterium epidermidis（=B群棒杆菌） (= corynebacterium gr B)加德纳菌属：阴道加德纳菌 Gardnerella vaginalis戈登菌属：戈登菌属某些种 Gordona spp罗菌属：龋齿罗菌 Rothia dentocariosa节杆菌属：节杆菌属某些种 Arthrobacter spp（=A群棒杆菌） (= Corynebacterium gr.A)纤维单胞菌属：纤维单胞菌属某些种 Cellulomonas spp（=A3/A4群棒杆菌） (= Corynebacterium gr A3/A4)特氏纤维单胞菌 Cellulomonas turbata（=特氏厄菌） (=Oerskovia turbata)皮肤杆菌属：人皮肤杆菌 Dermabacter hominis迪茨菌属：迪茨菌属某些种 Dietzia spp微小杆菌属：微小杆菌属某些种 Microbacterium spp（+/-A4/A5群棒杆菌） (+/- Corynebacterium gr.A4/A5) 奴卡菌属：奴卡菌属某些种 Nocardia spp厄菌属：纤维化纤维微细菌 Cellulosimicrobium cellulans丙酸杆菌属：痤疮丙酸杆菌 Propionibacterium acnes贪婪丙酸杆菌 Propionibacterium avidum微杆菌属某些种 Microbacterium spp鲍曼不动杆菌 Acinetobacter baumannii嗜水气单胞菌 Aeromonas hydrophilia产吲哚金黄杆菌 Chryseobacterium indologenes（=产吲哚黄杆菌） (=Flavobacterium indologenes)脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum（=脑膜脓毒性黄杆菌） (=Flvobacterium meningosepticum)布氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter braakii（+/-弗氏柠檬酸杆菌） (+/- Citrobacter freundii)法氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter farmeri（+/-无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter amalonaticus)弗氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter freundii（+/-弗氏柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter freundii)克氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter koseri/amanlonaticus迟钝爱德华菌 Edwardsiella tarda肠杆菌属某些种 Enterobacter spp产气肠杆菌 Enterobacter aerogenes河生肠杆菌 Enterobacter amnigenus阴沟肠杆菌 Enterobacter cloacae大肠埃希菌 Escherichia coli伤口埃菌 Escherichia vulneris蜂房哈夫尼亚菌 Hafnia alvei产酸克雷伯菌 Klebsiella oxytoca肺炎肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae摩根摩根菌 Morganella morganii泛菌属某些种 Pantoea spp（+/-成团肠杆菌） (+/- Enterobacter agglomerans)类志贺邻单胞菌 Plesiomonas shigelloides奇异变形杆菌 Proteus mirabilis彭氏变形杆菌 Proteus penneri普通变形菌群 Proteus vulgaris group普通变形杆菌 Proteus vulgaris雷氏普罗威登斯菌 Providencia rettgeri斯氏/产碱普罗威登斯菌 Providencia stuartii/ alcalifaciens铜绿假单胞菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa荧光假单胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens恶臭假单胞菌 Pseudomonas putida假单胞菌属某些种 Pseudomonas spp猪霍乱沙门菌亚利桑那亚种 Salmonella choleraesuis ssp arizonae 猪霍乱沙门菌猪霍乱亚种 Salmonella choleraesuis ssp choleraesuis 沙门菌鸡血清型 Salmonella ser.Gallinarum沙门菌甲型副伤寒血清型 Salmonella ser.Paratyphi A沙门菌鸡白痢血清型 Salmonella ser.Pullorum沙门菌属某些种 Salmonella spp伤寒沙门菌 Salmonella typhi液化沙雷菌 Serratia liquefaciens粘质沙雷菌 Serratia marcescens气味沙雷菌 Serratia odorifera腐败希瓦菌 Shewanella putrefaciens志贺菌属某些种 Shigella spp多食鞘氨醇杆菌 Sphingobacterium multivorum嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌 Stenotrophomonus maltophilia（=嗜麦芽黄单胞菌） (=Xanthomonas maltophilia)解藻朊酸弧菌 Vibrio alginolyticus副溶血弧菌 Vibrio parahaemolyticus创伤弧菌 Vibrio vulnificus霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae小肠结肠类耶尔森菌 Versinia enterocolitica假结核耶尔森菌 Versinia pseudotuberculosis腐败希瓦菌群 Shewanella putrefaciens group柠檬酸杆菌属：无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter amalonaticua（+/-无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌） (+/-Citrobacter amalonaticus) 法氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter farmeri（+/-无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌） (+/- C. Amalonaticus)弗氏柠檬酸杆菌群 Citrobacter freundii group（=弗氏柠檬酸杆菌） (=C. Freunclii)克氏柠檬酸杆菌 Citrobacter Koseri（=差异柠檬酸杆菌） (= C.diversus)爱德华菌属：保科爱德华菌 Edwardsiella hoshinae迟钝爱德华菌 Edwardsiella tarda肠杆菌属：产气肠杆菌 Enterobacter aerogenes阿氏肠杆菌 Enterobacter asburiae生癌肠杆菌 Enterobacter cancerogenus（=泰勒肠杆菌） (=Enterobacter taylorae)阴沟肠杆菌 Enterobacter cloacae日沟维肠杆菌 Enterobacter gergoviae阪崎肠杆菌 Enterobacter sakazakii埃希菌属：大肠埃希菌 Escherichia coli费格森埃希菌 Escherichia fergusonii赫氏埃希菌 Escherichia hermannii伤口埃希菌 Escherichia vulneris爱文菌属：美洲爱文菌 Ewingella americana哈夫尼亚菌属：蜂房哈夫尼菌 Hafnia alvei克雷伯菌属：解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌 Raoultella ornithinolytica产酸克雷伯菌 Klebsiella oxytoca植生克雷伯菌 Klebsiella planticola臭鼻肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae ozaenae肺炎肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae鼻硬结肺炎克雷伯菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinoscieromatis土生克雷伯菌 Klebsiella terrigena克吕沃尔菌属：抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌 Kluyvera ascorbata栖冷克吕沃尔菌 Kluyvera cryocrescens克吕沃尔菌属某些种 Kluyvera spp米勒菌属：威斯康星米勒菌 Moellerella wisconsensis摩根菌属：摩氏摩根菌 Morganella morganii勒克菌属：非脱羧勒克菌 Leclercia adcarboxglata变形杆菌属：奇异变形菌 Proteus mirabilis彭氏变形菌 Proteus penneri普通变形菌群 Proteus vuigaris group泛菌属：泛菌属某些种 Pantoea spp（+/-成团肠杆菌） (+/-Enterobacter agglonerans)发光杆菌属：美人鱼发光杆菌 Photobacterium danselae（=美人鱼利斯顿菌） (=Listonella damsela)普罗威登斯菌属：产碱普罗威登斯菌 Providencia alcalifaciens雷氏普罗威登斯菌 Providencia rettgeri斯氏普罗威登斯菌 Providencia stuartii沙门菌属：猪霍乱沙门菌亚利桑那亚种 Salmonella choleraesuis ssp arizonae 猪霍乱沙门菌猪霍乱亚种 Salmonella choleraesuis ssp choleraesuis 沙门菌甲型副伤寒血清型 Salmonella ser.Paratyphi A沙门属某些种 Salmonella spp伤寒沙门菌 Salmonella typhi鸡沙门菌 Salmonella gallinarum志贺菌属：志贺菌属某些捉 Shigella spp索氏志贺菌 Shigella sonnei沙雷菌属：无花果沙雷菌 Serratia ficaria居泉沙雷菌 Serratia fonticola液化沙雷菌 Serratia liquefaciens粘质沙雷菌 Serratia marcescens气味沙雷菌 Serratia odorifera普城沙雷菌 Serratia plymuthica深红沙雷菌 Serratia rubidaea寡养单胞菌属：嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia（=嗜麦芽黄单胞菌） (=Xanthomonas maltophilia)耶尔森菌属：小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌 Yersinia enterocolitica鼠疫耶尔森菌 Yersinia pestis假结核耶尔森菌 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis不动杆菌属/假单胞菌属：不动杆菌属某些种 Acinetobacter spp不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种 Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 气单胞菌属：嗜水气单胞菌 Aeromonas hydrophila邻单抱菌属：类志贺邻单胞菌 Plesiomonas shigelloides弧菌属：解藻朊酸弧菌 Vibrio alginolyticus霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae河流孤菌 Vibrio fluvialis霍利斯格里蒙菌 Grimontia hollisae梅氏弧菌 Vibrio metschnikovi副溶血弧菌 Vibrio parahaemolyticus创伤弧菌 Vibrio vulnificus洋葱伯克霍尔德菌 Burkholderia cepacia（=洋葱假单胞菌） (=Pseudomonas cepacia)乡间布丘菌 Buttiauxella agrestis戴氏西地西菌 Cedecea davisae拉氏西地西菌 Cedecea lapagei奈氏西地西菌 Cedecea neteri西地西菌属某些种 Cedecea spp李斯特菌属：单核细胞增生利斯特菌 Listeria monocytogenes 无害利斯特菌 Listeria innocua伊氏利斯特菌 Listeria ivanovii威氏利斯特菌 Listeria welshimeri斯氏利斯特菌 Listeria seeligeri格氏利斯特菌 Listeria grayi。
微生物学英汉词汇
微生物学英汉词汇6-aminopenicillanic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸adeno associated virus 腺伴随病毒agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸ambrosia fungi 虫道真菌Ames test 埃姆斯试验anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养室archaebacteria 古细菌archetista 古始生物界ascosporulation 子囊孢子形成asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 非共生固氮作用attenuatio 减毒作用autotrophic succession 自养演替axenic cultivation 纯性培养axenic culture 纯性培养物base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片插孔basidiospore 担孢子beef extract 牛肉膏biochemical medium 生化培养基biovar 生物变型cell line 细胞系clamp cell 锁状细胞cleistocarp 闭囊果coccus 球菌co-cultivation 协同培养commensalism 偏利共栖compensative eyepiece 补偿目镜complex symmetry 复合对称conditional lethal 条件致死conditional mutant 条件突变株continuous fermentation 连续发酵cord factor 索状因子corynebacteria 棒状菌cover glass 盖玻片culture transfering 移种dark-field 暗视野deep colony 深层菌落Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM [分辨]干涉差显微镜diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素diplococcus 双球菌discocarp 盘状子囊果drug susceptibility 药物敏感性dry heat sterilization 干热灭菌early genes [病毒]早期基因efficiency of plating 成斑效率enriched medium 滋养培养基enterovirus 肠道病毒epibasidium 上担子erythrogenic toxin 红斑毒素extreme bacteria 极端细菌fermentation capacity 发酵[能]力Fernbach flask 冯巴赫瓶fiber antigen [噬菌体]尾丝抗原food poisoning 食物中毒fractional cultivation 分部培养[法] germ-free animal 无菌动物germ-free plant 无菌植物Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阳性菌hanging drop method 悬滴法heat fixation 热固定hemagglutination inhibition 血凝抑制heterocyst 异形[囊]胞hexonmer,hexons [病毒]六邻体H-O variation H-O 变异homobasidium 同担子hydrogen sulfide production test 硫化氢试验hydrogenogens 产氢菌hymenium 子实层hyphal body 虫菌体immune adherence hemagglutination assay, IAHA免疫粘连血凝测定in vitro 体外inclusion body 包含体India-ink capsule staining 墨汁荚膜染色indole test 吲哚试验infectious dose 50%, ID 50 半感染剂量initial body [衣原体]始体inoculating needle 接种针inoculation hood 接种箱invert microscope 倒置显微镜isolation medium 分离培养基Koester's stain 柯斯特染料Lancefield's streptococcalgrouping test蓝氏链球菌分群试验leghaemoglobin 豆血红蛋白Leifson's flagella staining 赖夫松鞭毛染色lipopolysaccharides 脂多糖类Loeffler's methylene blue 吕氏甲烯蓝log phase 对数期Lugol's iodine solution 鲁戈氏碘液lysis inhibition [噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysogenic bacteria 溶原性细菌main fermentation 主发酵mesophilic bacteria 中温菌methanochondria 甲烷粒体microbial sensor 微生物传感器microbiology 微生物学microcyst 微包囊monotricha 单鞭毛菌mucoid colony 粘液型菌落muramic acid 胞壁酸mycoderm, pellicle [菌]醭negative strand 负链neurovirulence 神经毒力nitrogen fixation 固氮作用normal flora 正常菌群nutrient broth 营养肉汤O antigen 菌体抗原oil immersion objective 油浸物镜oligodynamic action 微[量]动[力]作用oomycetes 卵菌organotrophic bacteria 有机营养菌paleomicrobiology 古微生物学pantropic virus 泛嗜性病毒pathotype 致病型pentomer,pentons [病毒]五邻体peplomerbody 包膜突起perfringocin 产气荚膜梭菌素periplasmic space 壁膜间隙petroleum microbiology 石油微生物学phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phenol coefficient 石炭酸系数phenotypic mixing 表型混杂photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌phycocyanobilin 藻蓝胆素phyllospheric microorganism 叶际微生物pilot protein [噬菌体]先导蛋白plate 平板plate streaking 平板划线pock assay 痘疱试验primary succession 原生演替prodigiosus toxin 灵菌毒素protophyte 原生植物prototunicate ascus 原囊壁子囊purple membrane 紫膜replica plating 影印培养法resistance factor 抗药因子resolving power 分辨率resting cell 静息细胞rhizospheric microorganism 根际微生物rod 杆菌rust fungi 锈菌satellite virus 卫星病毒secondary succession 次生演替seta 刚毛shallow tray fermentation 浅盘发酵sheathed bacteria 鞘细菌single cell protein, SCP 单细胞蛋白singly embedded virus 单粒包埋型病毒slime layer 粘液层smooth type 光滑型smut fungi 黑粉菌spreading factor 扩散因子stab culture 穿刺培养物stationary phase 稳定期stroma 子座tail fiber [噬菌体]尾丝thermal death point 热[致]死点thermophilric bacteria 耐热细菌tissue culture 组织培养top fermentation 上面发酵trichome [细菌]毛状体Triphenyl tetrazolium chloridemethod, TTCM氯化三苯基四氮唑法tuberculin unit, TU 结核菌素单位uredostage 夏孢子期vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy 菌苗疗法valinomycin, aminomycin 缬氨霉素veterinary microbiology 兽医微生物学X factor X 因子X-body X体yeast like colony 类酵母型菌落α-inhibitor[流感病毒]α抑制物] auxanography 生长谱测定[法]50% lethal dose, LD 50 半数致死量50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID 50 半数组织培养感染量7-aminocephalosporinic acid 7-氨基头孢菌酸abjunction [孢子]切落ablastin 抑殖素abortin 流产菌素abstriction [孢子]缢断acervulus 分生孢子盘acetification 醋化作用acetogen 产乙酸菌achromatic lens 消色差透镜acid-fast staining 抗酸细菌染色法acidification 酸化作用acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acrospore 顶生孢子actidione, cycloheximide 放线酮actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin 放线菌素activated sludge 活性污泥active dry yeast 活性干酵母adenovirus 腺病毒adhesin 粘附素adriamycin 阿霉素aeciospore 锈孢子aecium 锈子器aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerobe 需氧菌aerobic cultivation 需氧培养aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸aerobiosis 需氧生活aerogen 产气菌aerotaxis 趋氧性aerotorelant bacteria 耐氧菌aethalium 粘菌体aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素agar 琼脂agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agaricin 蘑菇素aggressin 攻击素aggressivity 攻击力aging 陈酿化agricultural microbiology 农业微生物学agrobacteriocin 土壤杆菌素akinete 静息孢子Albert's staining 阿氏染色aleuriospore 侧生孢子algocyan, leucocyan 藻蓝素allantospore 腊肠形孢子allelopathic substances 异株克生物质allelopathy 异种克生[现象] allophycocyanin 别藻蓝素ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type CultureCollection, ATCC美国模式培养物保藏所amerospore 无隔孢子ammonification 氨化作用amphitrichate 两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrophy 兼性营养amphotericin 两性霉素amylo process 阿明露法anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerogen 不产气菌anamorph 无性型anastomosis [菌丝]融合androgamete 雄配子androgenesis 雄核发育androphore 雄器柄androspore 产雄器孢子annellospore 环痕孢子annulus 菌环anoxyphotobacteria 无氧光细菌ansamitocin 安丝菌素antagonism 拮抗作用anthelmycin 抗蠕霉素antheridium 雄器antibacterial agent 抗菌剂antibiotic 抗生素antibiotic spectrum 抗生谱antidiphtheric serum 抗白喉血清antifoam agent 消泡剂antifungal agent 抗真菌剂antigenic drift 抗原性漂移antigenic shift 抗原性转变antilysin 抗溶[菌]素antimetabolites 抗代谢物antimicrobial agent 抗微生物剂antimycin 抗霉素antisepsis 防腐antiseptic 防腐剂antiserum 抗血清antitoxin 抗毒素apex [噬菌体]顶体apical capsomere [噬菌体]顶部壳粒apicle 顶体aplasmomycin 除疟霉素apochromatic lens 全消色差透镜apogamy 无配生殖apomixis 无融合生殖apophysis 囊托apothecium 子囊盘appendage [菌体]附器apramycin 阿泊拉霉素aquatic microbiology 水生微生物学arbovirus 虫媒病毒Arnold steam sterilizor 流通蒸汽灭菌器arthroconidium 节分生孢子arthrospore 节孢子ascocarp 子囊果ascogenous hypha 产囊丝ascogonium 产囊体ascomycetes 子囊菌ascospore 子囊孢子ascostroma 子囊座ascus 子囊aseptic technique 无菌操作aspergillin 曲霉菌素aspertoxin 曲霉毒素asporogenous yeasts 无孢子酵母菌assembly [病毒]装配assimilation 同化作用associated virus 伴随病毒attenuated strain 减毒株autoclave 高压灭菌器autoclaving 高压灭菌autoinoculation 自身接种autolysin 自溶素autolysis 自溶[现象] automatic airlock 自动气锁autotrophic bacteria 自养菌autotrophy 自养autovaccine 自身疫苗autovaccine 自身菌苗auxanogram 生长谱auxotroph 营养缺陷型avermectin 除虫菌素axial filament 轴丝azotogen 固氮菌剂azygospore 拟接合孢子azygote 单性合子bacitracin 杆菌肽bacteremia 菌血症bacteria 细菌bacterial colony counter 菌落计数器bacterial vaccine 菌苗bacterial virulence 细菌毒力bactericide 杀细菌剂bactericidin 杀[细]菌素bacteriochlorophyll [细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriocin 细菌素bacterioerythrin 菌红素bacteriofluorescein 细菌荧光素bacteriology 细菌学bacteriolysis 溶菌作用bacteriolytic reaction 溶[细]菌反应bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriophage typing 噬菌体分型bacteriophagology 噬菌体学bacteriopurpurin 菌紫素bacteriorhodopsin [细菌]紫膜质bacteriosome 细菌小体bacteriostasis 抑菌作用bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriotoxin 细菌毒素bacteriotropin 亲菌素bacteroid 类菌体ballistospore 掷孢子barophilic bacteria 嗜压菌base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate wedge [噬菌体]基片楔突basic medium 基础培养基basidiocarp 担子果basidiomycetes 担子菌basidiophore 担子体basidium 担子batch cultivation 分批培养batch fermentation [罐]批发酵BCG vaccine 卡介苗bean sprouts medium 豆芽汁培养基beef broth 牛肉汁bicyclomycin 双环霉素binary fission 二分分裂binocular microscope 双目显微镜bioassay 生物测定bioconversion 生物转化biogas 沼气biological control 生物防治biological products 生物制品biomass 生物量biomass 生物质biosphere 生物圈biotype 生物型biphasic cultivation 双相培养bipolar staining 两极染色bitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊blasticidin 杀稻瘟素blastoconidium 芽分生孢子blastospore 芽生孢子bleomycin 博来霉素blind passage 盲传blooms 水华bottom fermentation 下面发酵bottom yeast 下面酵母bran koji 麸曲brewing 酿造brewing technique 酿造技术bright field microscope 明视野显微镜broth cultivation 肉汤培养broth culture 肉汤培养物brucellin 布氏菌素budding 芽殖burst size [噬菌体]裂解量butirosin, butyrosin 丁苷菌素candicidin 杀假丝菌素candle jar 烛罐capillitium 孢丝capreomycin, capromycin 卷曲霉素capsid [病毒]壳体capsomer, capsomere [病毒]壳粒capsule 荚膜carbol fuchsin 石炭酸品红carbon balance 碳平衡carboxydotrophic bacteria 一氧化碳营养菌carminomycin 洋红霉素carotenoids 类葫萝卜素carrier 带[病]毒者carrier 带菌者carrier phage 载体噬菌体carriomycin 腐霉素casamino acids[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸caulobacteria 柄细菌cedar oil 香柏油celesticetin 天青菌素cell strain 细胞株cellulase 纤维素酶central spore 中生芽孢centrum 壳心cephalosporin 头孢菌素cephalotricha 单端丛[鞭]毛菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 化能自养菌chemoautotrophy 化能自养chemoheterotrophic bacteria 化能异养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophy 化能无机营养chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养chemostat 恒化器chemotaxis 趋化性chemotherapy 化学疗法chemotrophy 化能营养chemotropism 向化性chemotype 化学型chemovar 化学变型China Committee for CultureCollection of Microorganisms,中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会CCCCMChinese Society forMicrobiology, CSM 中国微生物学会chlamydia 衣原体chlamydospore 厚壁孢子chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 氯霉素chloroteracycline, aureomycin 金霉素chromatophore 载色体chromogenic bacteria 产色细菌chromomycin 色霉素chuangxinmycin 创新霉素Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor [流感病毒]朱氏抑制物chytrid 壶菌cirrus 孢子角clamp connection 锁状联合clavulanic acid 棒酸cleistothecium 闭囊壳climax community 顶极群落clindamycin 氯林肯霉素clitocybine 杯伞素clone 克隆closed growth system 封闭生长系统cluster 聚簇clypeus 盾状体coagulase 凝固酶coagulase factor 凝固酶因子coccobacillus 球杆菌cococarde 半透明型突变噬斑coenocyte 多核细胞coenogamete 多核配子coenosporangium 多核孢子囊coenospore 多核孢子coenozygote 多核合子coenzyme M 辅酶Mco-immobilization 共固定化作用colicin, colicine 大肠菌素colicinogenic factor 大肠杆菌素生成因子coliform group 大肠菌类coli-index 大肠[杆]菌指数colistin 粘菌素colititre 大肠[杆]菌值collar [噬菌体]颈部collarette 囊领colony 菌落colony forming units, CFU 菌落形成单位columella 囊轴combined vaccine 联合疫苗companions 伴生种compatibility 相容性competence 感受态competition 兢争[共栖] complementation 互补complete medium 完全培养基concatemer [噬菌体]串联体concave slide 凹玻片conditioned pathogen 条件致病菌conidiocarp 分生孢子果conidiophore 分生孢子梗conidium 分生孢子conjugate division [噬菌体]接合分裂conjugation 接合[作用] connector [噬菌体]颈圈consortium 聚生体constriction 缢缩[作用] contaminant 污染物contamination 污染continuous cultivation 连续培养continuous sterilization 连续灭菌cooked meat medium 庖肉培养基coprinin 鬼伞菌素cordycepin 蛹虫草菌素core [噬菌体]髓部core 核心coremium 菌丝束cortex [芽孢]皮层cortinellin 香菇菌素cosmid 粘粒counterstaining 对染[法]critical killing dilution 临界杀菌浓度cross reactivation 交叉复活cryopreservation 深低温保藏[法]cryptic prophage 隐性前噬菌体cryptobiosis 隐生现象cubical symmetry 立体对称cultivation 培养culture 培养物culture flask 培养瓶cup fungi 盘菌curing [噬菌体]自愈cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyanophycin 藻青素cyanophycin granule 藻青素颗粒cycloserine 环丝氨酸cyclosporin 环孢菌素cylinder plate method 杯碟法cystidium 囊状体cytochalasin 松胞菌素cytomycin 胞霉素cytopathic effect, CPE 致细胞病变[效应] cytoplasmic polyhedrosisvirus,CPV 质型多角体病毒Daqu (massive raw stater foralcholic liquor) 大曲dark-field microscope 暗视野显微镜dark-field microscopy 暗视野显微术daughter colony 子菌落daunomycin 道诺霉素decline phase 衰亡期decomposer 分解者defective interfering particle 干扰缺损颗粒defective mutant [病毒]缺损突变株defective virus 缺损病毒defined medium 确定成分培养基dehydrated medium 干燥培养基denitrification 反硝化作用denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densovirus,DNV 浓核病毒dermatonecrotoxin 皮肤坏死毒素destomycin 越霉素deterioration 生物致劣determinative bacteriology 鉴定细菌学diagnostic microbiology 诊断微生物学dialysis cultivation 透析培养diary microbiology 乳品微生物学diauxie growth curve 双峰生长曲线dictyospore 砖格孢子didymospore 双胞孢子differential medium 鉴别培养基differential staining 鉴别染色法dilution method 稀释法dilution-plate method 稀释平板分离法dimorphic fungi 双态性真菌dimorphism 双态现象dipicolinic acid, DPA 2,6-吡啶二羧酸diplobacillus 双杆菌disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒dispore 双孢担孢子dissimilation 异化作用distamycin 偏端霉素donor 供体dormancy 休眠doubling time 倍增时间drug resistant gene 抗药基因drug resistant strain 抗药性菌株drug-resistance 抗药性Durham's fermentation tub 杜氏发酵管dwarf colony 侏儒型菌落dysbacteriosis 菌群失调early protein [病毒]早期蛋白eburicoic acid 齿孔酸ECHO virus 艾柯病毒eclipse period 隐蔽期ectendomycorrhiza 内外生菌根ectomycorrhiza 外生菌根ectothrix 毛外癣菌elater 弹丝electron microscope 电[子显微]镜elementary body 原[生小]体EMB agar 伊红甲烯蓝琼脂endobasidium 内生担子endoconidium 内分生孢子endogenenous variable 内源变量endogenous virus 内源病毒endomycorrhiza 内生菌根Endo's medium 远藤培养基endospore 内生孢子endosymbiosis 内共生endothrix 毛内癣菌endotoxin 内毒素enrichment medium 富集培养基enterococcin 肠球菌素enterotoxin 肠毒素entomogenous fungi 虫生真菌entomopathogen 昆虫病原微生物entomopox virus, EPV 昆虫痘病毒envelope antigen [病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [细菌]包被抗原envelope, peplos 包膜epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素epithecium 囊层被erythromycin 红霉素esterastin 抑酯酶素etiology 病原学eubacteria 真细菌eukaryote 真核生物eurythermal microorganism 广温微生物euvirus 真病毒everninomicin 扁枝衣霉素exfoliative toxin 剥脱性毒素exine 外壁exitine 芽孢外膜exospore 外生孢子exosporium [孢子]外壁exotoxin 外毒素exponential growth 指数生长extracellular enzyme 胞外酶factor 420 420 因子facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌fastidious microorganism 苛求菌favic chandelier mycelium 黄癣菌丝feed back inhibition 反馈抑制fermentability 可发酵性fermentation 发酵fermenter 发酵罐fermicutes 硬壁[细]菌类fertility factor 致育因子Feulgen staining 富尔根染色fibrinolysin 溶纤维蛋白溶酶filamentous type colony 丝状型菌落filtration sterilization 过滤除菌fimbrium [噬菌体]伞毛fixed virus [狂犬病]固定毒flagellar antigen 鞭毛抗原flagellar basal body 鞭毛基体flagellin 鞭毛蛋白flagellum 鞭毛flat sour bacteria 平罐酸败菌flat-sour spoilage 平[罐]酸败flax retting 亚麻浸渍flora 菌群flora 区系fluorescence microscop 荧光显微镜food microbiology 食品微生物学foot cell 足细胞foot cell 脚胞forespore 前芽孢formycin 间型霉素fortimicin 健霉素fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 磷霉素foulbrood [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病fragmentation 断裂French cell press 弗氏[细胞]压碎器fruiting body 子实体fungi 真菌fungistat 抑真菌剂funiculus 菌丝索fusarinic acid 镰孢菌酸fuseau 顶生厚壁孢子gametangial copulation 配囊交配gametangium 配子囊gamete 配子gametocyte 配子母细胞gas vacuole 气泡GC values GC值gelatine liquefication 明胶液化gene cluster 基因簇gene transfer 基因转移general microbilogy 普通微生物学genetic transformation 遗传转化genotype 基因型gentamicin 艮他霉素geosmins [放线菌]土臭味素germ pore 芽孔germ slit 芽缝germ tube 芽管germicides 杀菌剂ghost 菌蜕giant colony 巨大菌落gleba 产孢体gliding 滑行gliding bacteria 滑行细菌gliotoxin 胶霉毒素glucose effect 葡萄糖效应glycocalyx 多糖包被gnotobiology 悉生生物学gnotobiote 悉生生物gonidium 微生子gougerotin 谷氏菌素gracilicutes 薄壁[细]菌类gradient plate 梯度平板Gram staining 革兰氏染色gramicidin 短杆菌肽Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌granule 颗粒体granulin 颗粒体蛋白granulose 细菌淀粉粒granulosis virus, GV 颗粒体症病毒grisein 灰霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素growth factor 生长因子Guarnieri's bodies 顾氏小体haemolysis 溶血[作用]halophilic bacteria 嗜盐菌hamathecium 囊间丝HBcAg乙型肝炎核心抗原HBeAg 乙型肝炎e抗原HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗原head [噬菌体]头部helical symmetry 螺旋对称helicospore 卷旋孢子helper virus 辅助病毒hemadsorption, HD 血细胞吸附hemagglutination, HA 血细胞凝集hemagglutinin 血凝素hemibasidium 半担子hemolysin 溶血素hemolytic test 溶血试验herbicidin 除莠菌素herbimycin 除莠霉素heterobasidium 隔担子heterofermentation 异型发酵heterofermentative lactic bacteria 异型发酵乳酸菌heterogamete 异形配子heterogamy 异配生殖heterology 异源性heterothallism 异宗配合heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌heterotrophic potential 异养潜能heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophy 异养heterozygosis 杂合[现象] heterozygote 异形合子high frequency of recombination,Hfr 高频重组high power objective 高倍物镜holdfast 固着器holobasidium无隔担子holomorph 全型holomycin 全霉素homoacetogenic bacteria 同型[产]乙酸细菌homofermentation 同型发酵homofermentative lactic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homoimmune phage 同源免疫噬菌体homology 同源性homothallism 同宗配合hormogonium [蓝细菌]连锁体host range mutant 宿主范围突变株hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hydrogenotrophic bacteria 氢营养菌hydrogen-producing acetogenicbacteria 产氢产乙酸细菌hygromycin 潮霉素hymenophore 子实层体hypha 菌丝hyphal fragment 菌丝段hypholytic action 溶菌丝作用hyphopodium 附着枝hypnosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnospore 休眠孢子hypobasidium 下担子hypogeal fungi 地下真菌hypostroma 下子座hypothallus 囊基膜hypothecium 囊层基hysterothecium 缝裂壳icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称icosahedron capsid 二十面[体]壳体identification 鉴定idiotroph 特需营养要求型ilamycin 岛霉素immobilized cell 固定化细胞imperfect fungi 半知菌IMViC tes 吲哚、甲基红、V-P、柠檬酸试验in situ cultivation 原位培养in vivo 体内incineration 烧灼灭菌inclusion granule 内含颗粒incubator 培养箱indicator 指示菌indigenous flora 土著菌群indigenous flora 土著区系induced variation 诱发变异inducible phage [可]诱导噬菌体indusium 菌裙industrial microbiology 工业微生物学infection 侵染infection 感染infection 传染infectious center 侵染中心infectious center 感染中心infective dose, ID 侵染剂量infective dose, ID 感染剂量infectivity 侵染性infectivity 感染性inoculating loop 接种环inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 接种inoculum 接种物inoperculatae 无囊盖类interference 干扰[现象] interferon 干扰素International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS 国际微生物学会联合会interspecies H transfer 种间分子氢转移intestinal bacteria 肠道细菌intine 芽孢内膜intracellular enzym 胞内酶invasiveness 侵袭力involution form 衰老型irido virus 虹彩病毒iron bacteria 铁细菌isogametangium 同形配子囊isogamete 同形配子isogamy 同配生殖isolation 分离isospore 同形孢子istamycin 天神霉素ive bacterial vaccine 活菌苗ivermectin 双氢除虫菌素josamycin 交沙霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素kasugamycin 春日霉素killer particle 致死颗粒koji 日本酒曲kojic acid 曲酸Kolle flask 克氏瓶Kolmer test 科氏试验Kovac's oxidase reagent 柯氏Kovac's reagent 柯氏试剂lag phase 延滞期lambda particles phage λ噬菌体lapinization 兔化法lapinized virus 兔化毒late culture 平板培养物late genes [病毒]晚期基因late protein [病毒]晚期蛋白latent virus 潜伏病毒lawn 菌苔leaky mutant 渗漏突变体lens 透镜lepromin 麻风菌素leucocidin 杀白细胞素leucolysin 白细胞溶素leucomycin 柱晶白霉素L-form of bacterium 细菌L-型lincomycin 林可霉素liquid koji 液体曲liquid medium 液体培养基liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 液氮保藏[法] liquid state fermentation 液态发酵lithotrophic bacteria 无机营养菌litmus milk 石蕊牛奶live vaccine 活疫苗locule 子囊腔Loeffler's serum medium 吕氏血清培养基lophotricha 丛[鞭]毛菌low power objective 低倍物镜low virulent strain 弱毒株luminous bacteria 发光细菌lyophilization 冻干[保藏]法lysogenesis 溶原现象lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换lysogenization 溶原化lysogeny 溶原性lysostaphin 溶葡萄球菌素lysozyme 溶菌酶lytic cycle 裂解周期Macchiavello's staining 麦氏[立克次氏体]染色MacConkey medium 麦氏培养基macroconidium 大分生孢子magnification 放大率malachite green solution 孔雀石绿溶液mallein test [马]鼻疽菌素试验malt wort 麦芽汁Mandler filter 曼德勒尔滤器manual airlock 手动气锁marine microbiology 海洋微生物学mash 醪液matachromatic granules 异染粒mating type 交配型maytenin 美登素meat extract 肉膏medical microbiology 医学微生物学medium 培养基membrane filter 薄膜滤器mendosicutes 疵壁[细]菌类merosporangium 柱孢子囊mesosome 间体mesotrophy 半自养metabiosis 代谢共栖methanogen 产甲烷菌methanogenesis 产甲烷[作用] methyl red test 甲基红试验methylene blue reduction test 甲烯蓝还原试验methylotrophic bacteria 甲基营养菌methylotrophy 甲基营养methymycin 酒霉素metulae 梗基microaerobe 微需氧菌microbial biochemistry 微生物生物化学microbial ecology 微生物生态学microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统microbial genetics 微生物遗传学microbial leaching 微生物浸矿microbial pesticide 微生物杀虫剂microbial physiology 微生物生理学microbial taxonomy 微生物分类学microbody 微体microcapsule 微荚膜microconidium 小分生孢子microflora 微生物区系micromanipulation 显微操作micromanipulator 显微操作器micronutrient 微量营养microorganism 微生物microscope 显微镜microscope condenser 显微镜集光器microscopic examination 镜检microscopic Widal agglutination test 显微肥达氏凝集试验millipore filter 微孔滤器minimal infecting dose, MID 最小感染量minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最小抑菌浓度minimal lethal dose, MLD 最小致死量mithramycin 光神霉素mitomycin 丝裂霉素mixed cultivation 混合培养mixed culture 混合培养物mold, mould 霉菌mollicutes 柔膜细菌monensin 莫能菌素monomorphism 单形现象monster [噬菌体]畸形体morphotype 形态型morphovar 形态变型most probable number method,MPNM 最大机率法most probable number, MPN 最大机率数multicomponent virus 多分体病毒multiple embedded virus 多粒包埋型病毒multiple fission 复分裂muscarine 毒蝇碱mushrooms 蘑菇mutagen 诱变剂mutagenesis 诱变mutant 突变体mutation 突变mutualism 互利共栖mycelianamide 菌丝酰胺mycelium 菌丝体mycelium pellet 菌丝球mycetism 真菌中毒mycetosome 含菌细胞mycocide 杀真菌剂mycolic acid 分枝菌酸mycology 真菌学mycomycin 菌霉素mycophage 真菌噬菌体mycophenolic acid 霉酚酸mycorrhiza 菌根mycorrhizal fungi 菌根真菌mycotoxin 真菌毒素mycovirus 真菌病毒mydecamycin, midecamycin 麦迪霉素mykol 真菌醇myxospore 粘孢子naked virion 裸露病毒[粒]体natural medium 天然培养基nebramycin 暗霉素necroparsite 致坏死寄生物necrosis virus 坏死病毒negative staining 负染[色法] Negri's body 内氏小体neomycin 新霉素netropsin 纺锤菌素neuraminidase 神经氨酸酶neurotoxicity 神经毒性neurotoxin 神经毒素neutralism 无关共栖neutralization tes 中和试验nitragin 根瘤菌剂nitrate reduction test 硝酸盐还原试验nitrification 硝化作用nitrobacteria 硝化细菌nitrogen balance 氮平衡nitrogen fixing bacteria 固氮细菌nocardin 诺卡菌素nodular mycelium 结节状菌丝nonseptate hypha 无隔菌丝novobiocin 新生霉素nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV 核型多角体病毒nucleocapsid 核壳nucleoid 类核numerical taxonomy 数值分类法nutrient agar 营养琼脂nystatin 制霉菌素objective 物镜obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌ochratoxin 赭曲毒素ocular 目镜ocular micrometer 目镜测微计O-D variation [流感病毒]O-D相变异oidiophore 粉孢子梗oidium 粉孢子old culture 老培养物old tuberculin, OT 旧结核菌素oleandomycin 竹桃霉素oligonitrophilic bacteria 微嗜氮菌oligotrophic bacteria 贫[营]养细菌oncovirus 肿瘤病毒one step growth 一步生长[曲线] oogamete 卵配子oogonium 藏卵器ooplasm 卵质oosphere 卵球oospore 卵孢子open fermentation 敞口发酵open growth system 开放生长系统operon 操纵子ophiobollin 蛇孢菌素opportunistic pathogen 机会致病菌osmophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌ostiole 孔口Oxford cup 牛津杯oxidase test 氧化酶试验oxygen requirement 需氧量oxyphotobacteria 生氧光细菌oxytropism 向氧性paraphysis 侧丝paraphysoid 类侧丝parasexuality 准性生殖parasitism 寄生parasporal crystal 伴胞晶体paromomycin 巴龙霉素passenger virus 过客病毒Pasteur effect 巴氏效应pasteurization 巴氏消毒法pathogen 病原体pathogenicity 致病性pathovar 致病变型patulin 展青霉素pectinafe mycelium 梳状菌丝pectinase 果胶酶pellicle 菌膜penetration [病毒]侵入penicillic acid 青霉酸penicillin 青霉素penicillinase 青霉素酶penicillus 帚状枝peptidoglycan 肽聚糖peptone [蛋白]胨peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium [蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基perfect fungi 完全真菌peridium 包被periphysis 周丝periphysoid 类周丝periplasmic flagella 周质鞭毛perithecium 子囊壳peritricha 周[鞭]毛菌permease 通透酶pesticin 鼠疫菌素Petri dish 培养皿Pfeiffer's phenomenon 费氏[溶菌]现象phagetype 噬菌体型phagevar 噬菌体变型phalloidin 鬼笔[毒]环肽phasmid 噬粒phenotype 表型phialide 瓶梗phialospore 瓶梗孢子phosphorus balance 磷平衡photo-assimilation 光同化作用photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photoautotrophy 光能自养photolithotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophy 光能无机营养photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophy 光能有机营养photoreactivation 光复活作用photosynthetic bacteria 光合作用细菌phototaxis 趋光性phototrophic bacteria 光养菌phototrophy 光营养phototropism 向光性phragmobasidium 有隔担子phragmospore 多隔孢子phycobilin 藻胆素phycobiliprotein 藻胆蛋白phycobilisome 藻胆蛋白体phycocyanin 藻青蛋白phycoerythrin 藻红蛋白phycoerythrobilin 藻红[胆]素phycophage 噬藻体phytocidin 植物杀菌素phytotoxin 毒植物素pileus 菌盖pilin 菌毛蛋白pilus 菌毛planozygote 游动合子plaque 噬斑plaque 蚀斑plaque forming unit,PFU 蚀斑形成单位plaque mutants 噬斑突变株plasmid 质粒plasmid incompatibility 质粒不相容性plate cultivation 平板培养plating 平板接种pneumolysin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumotoxin 肺炎球菌毒素poisonous mushroom 毒蘑菇polyauxotroph 多重营养缺陷型polyhead [噬菌体]聚合头部polyhedrin 多角体蛋白polyhedron 多角体polyhedrosis virus 多角体病毒polymorphism 多态[现象]polymorphism 多形现象polymyxin 多粘菌素polyoxin 多氧菌素polysheath [噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysilicate plate 聚硅酸盐平板polyvalent bacterial vaccine 多价菌苗polyvalent vaccine 多价疫苗poly-β-hydroxy butyrate 聚β羟基丁酸盐pontaneous generation, abiogenesis 自然发生说，无生源说pooled typing serum 混合分型血清porospore 孔出孢子positive strand 正链potato dextrose agar, PDA 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂pour plate method 倾注培养predacious fungi 捕食真菌predation 捕食作用preprophage 前原噬菌体primary culture 原始培养物primary fermentation 前发酵primary invader 原发性感染原prodigiosin 灵菌红素productive infection[噬菌体]生产性感染progametangium 原配子囊progamete 原配子progenote 始祖生物prokaryote 原核生物promotor 启动子prophage 原噬菌体prosporangium 原孢子囊protein envelope 蛋白质包膜protista 原生生物protistology 原生生物学protobasidium 原担子protocooperation 初级合作protoplast 原生质体protoplast fusion 原生质体融合protoplast regeneration 原生质体再生prototroph 原养型prototrophic bacteria 原养菌protozoan 原生动物protozoology 原生动物学provirus 原病毒pseudomycelium 假菌丝体pseudoparaphysis 拟侧丝pseudopeptidoglycan 假肽聚糖pseudoperidium 拟包被pseudoseptum 假隔膜pseudotype virus 假型病毒pseudovirion 假病毒体psychrophilic bacteria 嗜冷[细]菌pure cultivation 纯培养pure culture 纯培养物purification 纯化purified protein derivative, PPD 纯化蛋白衍生物purple nonsulfur bacteria 紫色无硫细菌putrefaction 腐败pycnidiospore 器孢子pycnidium 分生孢子器pycniospore [锈菌]性孢子pycnium [锈菌]性孢子器pycnosclerotium 器菌核pyocyanin 绿脓[菌]素pyocyanolysin 绿脓杆菌溶血素pyofluorescein 绿脓菌荧光素pyrenomycetes 核菌pyrogen 致热原Qu(raw starter) 曲quellung test 荚膜膨胀试验racquet mycelium 球拍状菌丝体receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 受体破坏酶recipient 受体recombinant 重组体recombination 重组recon 重组子redistribution 重分配reinoculation 再接种replication 复制replication of virus 病毒复制replicative cycle 复制周期replicon 复制子reproductive mycelium 生殖菌丝体resistance determining factor 耐药[性决定]因子resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性转移因子restricted transduction 局限转导retro virus 逆[转]录病毒retting 沤麻revaccination 疫苗再接种reverse transcriptase 逆[转]录酶revistin 制反转录酶素rhizopin 根霉促进素rhizopterin 根霉蝶呤rhodopseudomonacin 红假单胞菌素ribostamycin, vistamycin 核糖霉素rickettsia 立克次氏体rifamycin 利福霉素rimocidin 龟裂杀菌素ring chromosome 环状染色体ristocetin 瑞斯托菌素rolling tube cultivation 滚管培养法rolling tube technique 滚管技术root nodule 根瘤root nodule bacteria 根瘤细菌rosamicin 蔷薇霉素rough colony 粗糙型菌落rough type 粗糙型rubidomycin 红比霉素rust disease 锈病Sabouraud's dextrose agar 沙氏葡萄糖琼脂sacchariferous agents 糖化剂saccharification 糖化作用sagamicin 相模霉素salinomycin 盐霉素Salmonella-Shigella agar,S.S.agar 沙门-志贺氏琼脂saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌saprophytic nutrition 腐生营养saprophytism 腐生现象sarcina 八叠球菌sarkomycin 肉瘤霉素satellitism 卫星现象scanning electron microscope,SEM 扫描电[子显微]镜schizogenesis 裂殖schizophyte 裂殖植物sclerotium 菌核scolecospore 线形孢子scotobacteria 暗细菌secondary colony 次生菌落secondary fermentation 后发酵secondary invader 继发性感染原secondary mycelium 次生菌丝体secter mutation 扇形突变seeding tank 种子罐seeding yeast 酒母Seitz filter 赛氏[细菌]滤器selective medium 选择性培养基semicontinuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵semisolid medium 半固体培养基semisynthetic medium 半合成培养基sensitized bacteria 敏化细菌septate hypha 有隔菌丝septum 隔膜serological identification 血清学鉴定serological specificity 血清学特异性serotype 血清型serovar 血清变型sex factor 性因子sex pilus 性丝shake cultivation 摇合培养shake cultivation 振荡培养sheath 鞘siastatin 制唾酸酶素siderophilic bacteria 嗜铁菌silage 青贮饲料sisomicin 紫苏霉素slant cultivation 斜面培养slant culture 斜面培养物slide 载玻片slide cultivation 玻片培养slide culture 玻片培养物slime bacteria 粘细菌slime mold, slime mould 粘菌slow virus 慢病毒smear 涂片smooth colony 光滑型菌落smut disease 黑粉病soil microbiology 土壤微生物学solid medium 固体培养基solid state fermentation 固态发酵specific growth rate 比生长速率specific pathogen free animals,SPFA 无特定病原动物spectinomycin, actinospectacin 壮观霉素spermatium 精子团spermogonium 精子器sphaerocyst 球状胞spheroplast 原生质球spike 刺突spiral mycelium 螺旋菌丝spiramycin 螺旋霉素spirilla 螺[旋]菌spoilage 酸败sporangiocarp 孢囊果sporangiole 小孢子囊sporangiophore 孢囊柄sporangiospore 孢囊孢子sporangium 孢[子]囊spore 孢子spore 芽孢spore ball 孢子球spore print 孢子印sporicide 杀芽孢剂sporodochium 分生孢子座sporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporophore 孢子梗sporoplasm 孢原质sporulation 孢子形成sporulation 芽孢形成spread plate method 涂布培养法spreader 涂布器stab 穿刺stab cultivation 穿刺培养stage micrometer 镜台测微计stain 染色剂staining 染色法staining reaction 染色反应standard serum 标准血清staphylocoagulase [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylococcal protein A, SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcin 葡萄球菌素staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶血毒素starter, culture starter 起子static cultivation 静止培养staurospore 星形孢子stenothermal microorganisms 狭温微生物stenothermophiles 嗜狭高温生物sterigma 小梗sterigmatocystin 柄曲霉素sterile 无菌sterile mycelium 不育菌丝体sterility test 无菌检查sterilization 灭菌sterilizer 灭菌器。
医学常用微生物及寄生虫中英文名称翻译
医学常用微生物及寄生虫中英文名称翻译微生物和寄生虫在医学领域中发挥着重要的作用，对于医疗和研究具有重要意义。
以下是一些常见的微生物和寄生虫的中英文翻译名称：细菌（Bacteria） - 细菌是一类单细胞微生物，具有细胞壁，可以在多种环境中存活和繁殖。
常见的细菌包括：大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli），金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus），链球菌（Streptococcus）等。
病毒（Virus） - 病毒是一种非细胞性微生物，必须寄生于宿主细胞中才能繁殖。
常见的病毒包括：流感病毒（Influenza virus），艾滋病病毒（HIV），乙肝病毒（Hepatitis B virus）等。
真菌（Fungi） - 真菌是一种多细胞或单细胞微生物，可以通过孢子进行繁殖。
常见的真菌包括：白色念珠菌（Candida albicans），鹅膏菌（Aspergillus）等。
原生动物（Protozoa） - 原生动物是一类单细胞寄生虫，可以寄生于人类或动物的体内。
常见的原生动物包括：疟原虫（Plasmodium），贾第鞭毛虫（Giardia lamblia），阿米巴原虫（Entamoeba histolytica）等。
蠕虫（Helminths） - 蠕虫是一类多细胞寄生虫，分为线虫和扁虫两种，常寄生于人体的消化道或其他组织中。
常见的蠕虫包括：蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides），银屑病蠕虫（Schistosoma），肠吸虫（Taenia）等。
疟原虫（Plasmodium）- 疟原虫是一种原生动物，寄生于蚊子体内并通过蚊子叮咬传播给人类。
它是引起疟疾的主要病因之一。
流感病毒（Influenza virus）- 流感病毒属于病毒家族，分为甲、乙、丙三型，是引起流感的主要病原体之一。
艾滋病病毒（HIV） - 艾滋病病毒是一种病毒，感染者会患上艾滋病，该病毒攻击人体免疫系统并逐渐损坏。
医学微生物专业医药翻译词汇
埃希菌属 Escherichia
氨基甙类 aminoglycoside
暗视野检查 darkfield examination
奥普托欣试验 optochin test
巴氏消毒法 pasteurization
巴通体属 Bartonella
传染性单核增多症样综合症 infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome
传染性海绵状脑病 transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
垂直传播 vertical transmission
垂直感染 vertical infection
虫媒病毒 arbovirus
出血热病毒 hemorrhagic fever virus
触须样纤维 antennal fiber
穿入 penetration
传染病 infectious disease
传染性痴呆病 transmissible dementia
超感染，二重感染 superinfection
朝鲜出血热 Korean hemorrhagic fever
成人T细胞白血病 adult T-cell leukemia
迟缓期 lag phase
持续性病毒感染 persistent viral infection
白假丝酵母菌 Candida albicans
百日咳鲍特菌 B. pertussis
败血症 septicemia
斑疹伤寒立克次体 R. typhi
半数感染量 media infective dose
半数致死量 median lethal dose
医学微生物专业医药翻译词汇(5)
医学微生物专业医药翻译词汇(5) 寄生菌 parasite荚膜 capsule荚膜多糖抗原 capsular polysaccharides antigen 荚膜肿胀试验 capsule swelling test荚膜组织胞浆菌 Histoplasma capsulatum甲基红试验 methyl red test甲型副伤寒沙门菌 S. paratyphi A甲型溶血性链球菌α-hemolytic streptococcus假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas假结核耶尔森菌 Y. pseudotuberculosia假菌丝 pseudohypha假膜 pseudomembrane假膜性结肠炎 pseudomembranous colitis假丝酵母菌，念珠菌 candida尖锐湿疣 condylemata acuminata间歇灭菌法 fractional sterilization艰难梭菌 C. difficile兼性厌氧菌 facultative anaerobe减毒活疫苗 attenuated live vaccine减速期 retardation phase交叉复活 crossing reactivation酵母菌 yeast酵母型菌落 yeast type colony接合 conjugation街毒株 street strain节肢动物媒介病毒 arthropod borne virus结肠弯曲菌 C. cali结核分枝杆菌 Mycobacterium tuberculosis结核杆菌 Tubercle bacilli解脲脲原体 Ureaplasma urealyticum金黄色葡萄球菌 Staph. aureus旧结核菌素 old tuberculin局部感染 local infection局限性转导 restricted transduction巨噬细胞炎性蛋白 macrophage inflammatory protein 巨细胞包涵体病 cytomegalic inclusion disease巨细胞病毒 cytomegalovirus聚合酶链反应 polymerase chain reaction军团菌属 Legionella菌落 colony菌毛 fimbriae菌毛 pili菌群失调 dysbacteriosis菌丝 hypha菌血症 bacteremia菌影 ghost菌株、毒株 strain卡介菌 Bacilli Calmette-Guèrin卡氏肺孢菌 Pneumocysit carinii卡氏枝孢霉 Cladosporium carrianii 抗病毒药物 antiviral drug抗毒素 antitoxin抗菌药物 antibacterial agent抗溶血素O antistreptolysin O抗生素 antibiotics抗酸杆菌 acid-fast bacilli抗酸染色 acid-fast stain抗微生物化学治疗 antimicrobial chemotherapy抗真菌药物 antifungal drug柯克斯属 Coxiella柯萨奇病毒 coxsackievirus壳粒 capsomere克雷伯菌属 Klebsiella克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic hever virus 克隆 clone克雅病 Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease空斑形成 plaque formation空肠弯曲菌 C. jejuni空泡毒素 vacuolating cytotoxin恐水症 hydrophobia枯草芽胞杆菌 B. subtilis狂犬病病毒 rabies virus狂犬病病毒属 lyssavirus扩散因子 spreading factor蜡样芽胞杆菌 B. cereus类白喉杆菌 diphtheroid bacilli类鼻疽假单胞菌 P. pseudomallei类毒素 toxoid类酵母型菌落 yeast-like type colony。
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第一章
Bacterium 细菌
Coccus 球菌Diplococcus 双球菌
Bacillus 杆菌
Spiral bacterium 螺菌
Vibrio 弧菌
Cell wall 细胞壁Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Mesosome 中介体
Plasmid 质粒
Inclusion 内含物Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒
Nuclear material 核质
Nucleoid 拟核
Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Lipoteichoic acid ,LTA 脂磷壁酸
Outer membrane 外膜Lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖
Lysozyme 溶菌酶
Bactrrial L form 细菌L形
Capsule 荚膜Microcapsule 微荚膜
Flagellum 鞭毛
Pilus(fimbria) 菌毛
Common pilus 普通菌毛
Sex pilus 性菌毛
Fertility 致育性
Spore 芽孢
Gram stain 革兰染色法
第二章
Lag phase 迟缓期Logarithmic phase 对数期Stationary phase 稳定期
Decline phase 衰亡期
pyrogen 热原质
pigment 色素
antibiotic 抗生素bacteriocin 细菌素
vitamin 维生素
第五章
Fertility plasmid 致育性质粒，F质粒
Resistance plasmid 耐药性质粒，R质粒Virulence plasmid 毒力质粒，V质粒Transposable element 转位因子
Insertion sequence IS 插入序列Transposon TN 转座子Bacteriophage phage 噬菌体
Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Lysogeny 溶原性
Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Prophage 前噬菌体Fluctuation test 动试验，彷徨试验Replica planting 平板培养影印试验Conditional lethal mutation 条件致死性突变Temperature sensitive
温度敏感突变株，Ts株mutant
Transformation 转化
Transduction 转导
General transduction 普遍性转导
Abortive transduction 流产转导Conjugation 接合
High frequency
高频重组株recombinant ,Hfr
Lysogenic conversion 溶源性转换
第八章
MIC 最小抑菌浓度Vaccine 疫苗
Toxiod 类毒素
Antitoxin 抗毒素
Antisera 抗血清
Antibacterial agents 抗菌药物
Antibiotics 抗生素
Drug resistance 耐药性
第九章
Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌
S.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcal protein
葡萄球菌A蛋白
A ,SPA
Coagglutination 协同凝集试验Coaggulase 凝固酶
Enterotoxin 肠毒素
Exfoliative toxin , exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Staphylococcal scalded skin
葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合症syndrome ,SSSS
Toxic shock syndrome
毒性休克综合症毒素－1 toxin-1
Coaggulase –negative
凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌staphylococcus ,CNS
Streptococcus 链球菌
甲型溶血性链球菌
α－hemolytic
streptococcus
β－hemolytic
乙型溶血性链球菌streptococcus
丙型溶血性链球菌
γ－hemolytic
streptococcus
streptokinase , SK 链激酶
streptodornase , SD 链道酶
hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶
streptolysin 链球菌溶血素streptolysin O , SLO 链球菌溶血素O streptolysin S , SLS 链球菌溶血素S pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素
erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素
scarlet fever toxin 猩红热毒素Antistreptolysin O test ,
抗链球菌溶血素O试验ASO test
pneumococcus 肺炎球菌
S . Pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌
Optochin test 奥普托辛试验
Quellung reaction 荚膜肿胀试验
Neisseria 奈瑟菌属
N.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈氏菌Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌
N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈氏菌
Gonococcus 淋球菌
第十章
Esherichia 埃希菌属
E . coli 大肠杆菌
Colonization factor
定居因子抗原
antigen , CFA
Invasin 侵袭素
Uropathogenic E . coli 尿道致病性大肠杆菌Enterotoxigenic E .coli ,
肠产毒性大肠埃希菌ETEC
Enteroinvasive E . coli , EIEC 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌Enteropathogenic E . coli ,
肠致病性大肠埃希菌EPEC
Enterohemorrhagic E . coli ,
肠出血性大肠埃希菌EHEC
Enteroaggregative E . coli ,
肠集聚性大肠埃希菌EAEC
Heat labile enterotoxin , LT 不耐热肠毒素
Heat stable enterotoxin , ST 耐热肠毒素
Enteric bacilli 肠道杆菌Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科
Shigella 志贺菌Salmonella 沙门菌属
S . typhi 伤寒杆菌
S . Virulence antigen , Vi
Vi 抗原
antigen
Widal test 肥达试验
第十一章
Vibrio 弧菌
V. cholera 霍乱弧菌
Cholera enterotoxin 霍乱肠毒素
V. parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌Kanagawa test 神奈川试验Helicobacter pylori, HP 幽门螺杆菌
第十三章
Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Clostridium 厌氧芽孢梭菌属C. tetani 破伤风梭菌Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetani antitoxin , TAT 破伤风抗毒素
C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Nagler reaction 卵磷脂酶试验Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵
Gas gangrene 气性坏疽
C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌
C. difficile 艰难梭菌
B. fragilis 脆弱类杆菌
其它细菌
Spirochete 螺旋体Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Mycoplasma 支原体
Chlamydia 衣原体Rickettsia 立克次体Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应。