2000年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。
5%1. umbrella【答案】[ʌm'brelə]2. accurate【答案】['ækjərət]3. betrayal【答案】[bɪ'treɪəl]4. criminal【答案】['krɪmɪn(ə)l]5. domestic【答案】[də'mestɪk]6. edible【答案】[ˈedəb(ə)l]7. garage【答案】[ɡə'rɑdʒ]8. interrupt【答案】[.ɪntə'rʌpt]9. monotonous【答案】[mə'nɑt(ə)nəs]10. roast【答案】[roʊst]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。
15%11. go over【答案】检查，复习12. fill in【答案】填写，代替13. give up【答案】放弃，停止14. be determined to do sth.【答案】下定决心做……15. off balance【答案】失去平衡16. generation gap【答案】代沟17. catch sight of【答案】瞥见，发现18. go on strike【答案】举行罢工19. quality control【答案】质量管理，质量检验20. take advantage of【答案】利用……21. count out【答案】宣布失败，不把……计算在内22. over and over again【答案】一再地23. be responsible for【答案】对……负责，是……的原因24. make notes【答案】记笔记25. take over【答案】接受，掌管三、从A、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。
20%26. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl that you would like to workwith.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the【答案】D【解析】第一次提到使用冠词a，当有修饰语修饰时，需要使用定冠词the。
大学英语__南开大学(8)--基础外语2-2课程期末考试答案及详解
基础外语2-2期末考试答案与详解Part I TranslationT1: Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of his parents’ intention, this boy burst into tears on his first day at school.T2: In order to find out the materials he needed for his paper, he combed the pages of newspapers and magazines, reading a huge number of articles.T3: Because of the cultural differences between China and the United States, Americans value originality and independence more than the Chinese do.T4: Although Mr. Chen Xing-shen was a world-renowned mathematician, he carried on like plain folks and never threw his weight around during his lifetime.T5: Combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity.Part II Listening Comprehension1—5 BCCCA 6—10CBCBD11—15 ABDCB 16—20 DBCDB21—25 ADBCCC1. countless C2. sense C3. previously C4. freedomC5. conserves C6. preserve C7. blend C8. featuresC9. became popular in the late 1980s and has continued to develop ever since.C10. which has illegally put endangered animals on show for visitors.C11. so that people are increasingly conscious of their impact on the environment.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A 1. I 2. F 3. O 4. A 5. N 6. M 7. B 8. D 9. J 10. LSection B 26—30 A A D A A31—35 DBDBDPart IV Vocabulary36—40 ABDCA 41—45 A B B A A46—50 BDDBD 51—55 CBABD56—60 DBAC A61—65 ABDCCPart V Cloze66—70 DDCAB 71—75CAACA76—80BCBAC81—85CBABD1. B 根据女士说My apple is nice and sweet, 可知答案为B。
南开大学研究生基础英语考试真题
南开大学研究生基础英语考试真题全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hi there, everyone! Today, I want to share with you the real test questions from the NanKai University Basic English Test for Graduate Students. Sounds pretty serious, right? Don't worry, I'll break it down for you in a fun and easy way!Question 1:What does the word "confident" mean? How can you show confidence in your daily life?Confident means believing in yourself and your abilities. You can show confidence by speaking up in class, trying new things, and standing up for yourself when you believe in something. Remember, you are awesome just the way you are!Question 2:Write a short paragraph about your favorite hobby and explain why you enjoy it.My favorite hobby is playing soccer. I love running around the field with my friends, scoring goals, and getting exercise. It'sso much fun and makes me feel happy and energized. Plus, it's a great way to make new friends and work as a team.Question 3:What is your dream job and why? How will you achieve your dream job in the future?My dream job is to become a scientist and discover new things that can help people. I will achieve my dream by studying hard in school, asking lots of questions, and never giving up. I believe that if I work hard and stay positive, I can make my dream job come true.So, there you have it, the NanKai University Basic English Test for Graduate Students in a nutshell! I hope this helped you understand the questions better and remember, believe in yourself and you can do anything. Good luck with your studies and exams!篇2Title: My Experience in Nanjing University Graduate English ExamHi everyone! Today I want to share my experience in the Nanjing University Graduate English Exam. It was quite an adventure!First, let me tell you about the exam format. There were four parts: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening part was a bit tricky because the speakers spoke really fast! I had to concentrate hard to understand everything they were saying. The reading part was not too bad, but there were some difficult vocabulary words that I had to look up in the dictionary.The writing part was my favorite because I got to express my own ideas. I wrote about my favorite season, which is summer. I love going to the beach and swimming in the ocean. The speaking part was a bit nerve-wracking because I had to talk in front of the examiners. But I think I did pretty well!Overall, the exam was challenging but also fun. I learned a lot of new words and phrases, and I improved my English skills. I'm proud of myself for taking on this challenge and I can't wait to see the results!If you're thinking about taking the Nanjing University Graduate English Exam, I say go for it! It's a great opportunity to test your English skills and challenge yourself. Good luck!篇3Hello everyone, I want to share with you the questions of the Nanjing University Graduate Basic English Exam. The exam was really tough, but I tried my best!Question 1: Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice: "The teacher gave the students a quiz."Hmm, this one was kinda tricky! I think the answer should be "The students were given a quiz by the teacher."Question 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb: "I _______ (not see) my friend since last week."I remember this one! The answer is "haven't seen." Easy peasy!Question 3: Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: "I have _____ (been / gone) to Paris before."I know this one! The answer is "been." I wish I could go to Paris too!Question 4: Write a short paragraph describing your favorite movie and why you like it.I wrote about my favorite movie "Finding Nemo." I love it because it's about a little fish who goes on a big adventure to find his son. It's funny and exciting!Question 5: Translate the following sentence into English: "."I translated it as "I want to go to the park to play." I love playing in the park!Overall, the exam was challenging, but I did my best. I hope I did well and can pass the test. Thank you for reading my article about the Nanjing University Graduate Basic English Exam!篇4Today, I want to tell you about a super hard test called the "Nankai University Basic English Graduate Entrance Exam". It's like a big challenge for all the big kids who want to go to Nankai University to study more about English.So, this test is not like the easy English tests we take in primary school. It's super serious and you have to know a lot of big, fancy English words. But don't worry, I'll tell you some of the topics they ask about in the exam.First, they ask about reading comprehension. You have to read a big, complicated passage and answer questions about it.You have to really understand what the passage is saying, so you can answer the questions correctly.Then, they ask about vocabulary. You have to know a lot of words and what they mean. Some of the words are really hard, like "discern" or "inconceivable". It's like a big puzzle trying to figure out what all those words mean.Next, they ask about grammar. You have to know all about nouns, verbs, adjectives, and all that stuff. It's like trying to put together a big sentence puzzle. You have to make sure all the pieces fit together perfectly.Finally, they ask about writing. You have to write a big essay about a topic they give you. You have to make sure your grammar is perfect and your ideas are clear and organized. It's like telling a big story with your own words.So, if you want to pass the Nankai University Basic English Graduate Entrance Exam, you have to work really hard and study a lot. But don't worry, I know you can do it! Just practice your English every day and you'll be ready for the big test. Good luck, big kids!篇5Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about the Nanjing University postgraduate basic English exam that I took recently. It was kind of tough, but I managed to get through it!So, the exam had a bunch of different sections. The first part was listening, where they played recordings of people speaking English and we had to answer questions about what they said. It was a bit hard to understand at first, but I tried my best and got some of the answers right.The next part was reading, where we had to read a bunch of passages and answer questions about them. Some of the passages were really long and it was hard to stay focused, but I did my best to read carefully and answer the questions.After that, we had a grammar section where we had to fill in the blanks with the correct words. This part was a bit tricky because English grammar can be really confusing sometimes, but I tried my best to remember all the rules we learned in class.The last part of the exam was writing, where we had to write an essay about a given topic. I had to think really hard about what to write, but I managed to come up with some good ideas and wrote a decent essay.Overall, the exam was pretty challenging, but I think I did okay. I hope I pass and can continue my studies at Nanjing University. Wish me luck!篇6Yo! So today I wanna talk about this super tough exam called the South Open University basic English exam for grad students. It's like a big deal, you know? You gotta be on your A-game to pass this bad boy!So, like, the exam is all about testing your English skills. They wanna see if you can read, write, listen, and speak English like a boss. It's all multiple-choice questions and short answer stuff, so you gotta really know your stuff.They ask you all kinds of things, like grammar rules, vocabulary words, and even some reading comprehension. It's no joke, you gotta study hard if you wanna do well.But hey, don't stress too much! Just take it one question at a time and do your best. And remember, it's not about being perfect, it's about trying your hardest and learning from your mistakes.So yeah, that's the lowdown on the South Open University basic English exam for grad students. It's a tough one, but if you put in the work and stay positive, you got this! Good luck, my dudes!篇7Hi everyone, I want to share with you the questions from the NanKai University Research English Exam, which I just took. It was quite tough, but I tried my best! Here are some of the questions:1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:He (study) __________ English for five years.2. Choose the correct answer:I haven’t seen him _____ he left for Japan.A. forB. sinceC. agoD. before3. Write a short paragraph (about 100 words) on the topic "My Favorite Season".My favorite season is summer because I can go swimming and play outside with my friends. I also love eating ice cream and having picnics in the park.4. Translate the following sentence into English:。
2002年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2002年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解Part I.Cloze(10%):Directions:Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words.The first letter of each word has a ready been givenThe p______differences between men and women are o______and u______.As for differences related to sex roles,each society varies in this,as Margaret Mead has convincingly demonstrated Dr.Mead showed that in three New Guinea tribes,there was c______difference from tribe to tribe in masculine and feminine behavior.In one group,the Arapesh,men and women alike were passive,“maternal.”cooperative and nonaggressive.In the Mundugumor,a tribe in geographic proximity t______the Arapesh,men and women alike were fierce,cruel and aggressive.A third tribe,the Tchambuli,showed yet another p______of sex typing.The men were passive, dependent i______who spent their time c______the arts while the women took the more a______,assertive role of provider.In America,most researchers concede that boys and girls are b______up in divergent ways,t______different skills,r______for diverse acts.Women,it is agreed, excel at certain tasks,men at o______.There is little argument that some personality t______appear more dominant in one sex than the other.All of this notwithstanding, sex differences are a hotly contested issue—from occupational c______to d______ about the Equal Rights Amendment—masculine and feminine behavior is very much in the m______these days.Since the rise of the women’s movement,sex-rolebehavior has come under close s______.How has this a______friendship?How do the sexes d______in their friendship relationship?Some dimensions of the same-sex friendship experience will be compared.【答案与解析】1.primary（primary，首要的，第一位的。
南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
![南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/1ef2b55952ea551811a68741.png)
目 录
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）
2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）一、英汉互译
1．ISO
【答案】国际标准化组织
2．document against acceptance
【答案】承兑交单
3．nuclear disarmament
【答案】核裁军
4．overhead pedestrian walk
【答案】天桥
5．US federal reserve system
【答案】美国联邦储备系统
6．alma mater
【答案】母校
7．leap year
【答案】闰年
8．plead innocent
【答案】无罪答辩
9．B/L
【答案】海上运输提单。
南开大学基础英语考研真题及详解(2011～2012)【圣才出品】
南开大学基础英语考研真题及详解（2011～2012）南开大学2012年基础英语考研真题Part I Vocabulary(本题共20分，每题l分)Fill in the blanks with the words given below:Change the form if necessary.Each word can be used only once.importune stamina efface topography empirical ramshackle gourmet appraise juxtapose consummate fritter covenant vacillate boycott impeach surveillance lurk hanker nepotism kindle1.Her parents left her nothing but a______old farmhouse.2.Police are keeping the area under constant______.3.The administration is still______over the Health Care issue.4.______sometimes occurs in politics.5.A man was______around outside the shop.6.Lucy had always______after a place of her own.7.Nothing could______the indignity of being publicly criticized.8.We______all products tested on animals.9.Scientists are hoping to find______evidence to confirm their theories.10.What he enjoys most in life is delicious food,and he is regarded as a______.11.When colors are______,they become affected in hue.12.The old man was______passers-by for money.13.His ambition was______when he won the first prize.14.The love of poetry was______in him by her teaching.15.You need____________to be a long-distance runner.16.The money was given to us by deed of______.17.The House Judiciary Committee voted that the President should be______.18.They______their pocket-money away on sweets.19.Students should know the______of our country,including the system of rivers,mountains,etc.20.A dealer came to______the furniture.【答案与解析】1.ramshackle ramshackle摇摇欲坠的，东倒西歪的。
2000英语高考真题全国卷
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统考题第一卷（三大题，共95分）I．单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A）从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
例：haveA．gave B．save C．hat D．made答案是C。
1．rushA．dull B．butcher C．sugar D．push2．northernA．strength B．wealth C．thus D．throw3．silenceA．weigh B．ceiling C．bargain D．height4．occurA．ocean B．opposite C．official D．offer5．pleasureA．possession B．television C．anxious D．preciousB）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案例：We ____________last night , but we went to the concert instead.A．must have studied B．might studyC．should have studied D．would study答案是C。
6．What about having a drink?_____________A．Good idea. B．Help yourself.C．Go ahead , please D．Me , too.7．I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _________.A．at last B．in caseC．once again D．in time8．_______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A．Brave enough students B．Enough brave studentsC．Students brave enough D．Students enough brave9．--- Waiter!--- __________--- I can’t eat this , It’s too salty.A．Yes, sir? B．What? C．All right? D．Pardon?10．Most animals little connection with ______animals of _______different kind unless they kill them for food.A．the ; a B．不填; a C．the ; the D．不填; the11．It’s always difficult being in a foreign country,_____ if you don’t speak the language.A．extremely B．naturally C．basically D．especially12．Let Harry play with your toys as well , Clare you must learn to__________.A．support B．care C．spare D．share13. --- You’ve left the light on.--- Oh , so J have .________and turn it off.A．I’ll go B．I’ve gone C．I go D．I’m going14．Someone called me up in the middle the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone.A．as B．since C．until D．before15．--- Are you coming to Jeff’s party?--- I’m not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.A．must B．would C．should D．might16．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay _______ $15.A．another B．other C．more D．Each17．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.A．who B．which C．this D．what18．______ production up by 60% , the company has had another excellent year.A．As B．For C．With D．Through19．I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.A．expect ed B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects20．--- How are you today?--- Oh , I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A．didn’t fell B．wasn’t feelingC．don’t fell D．haven’t felt21．The WTO cannot live up to its name ________it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.A．as long as B．while C．if D．even though22．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year.A．carry out B．carrying outC．carried out D．to carry out23．--- Why don’t we take a little break?--- Didn’t we just have __________?A．it B．that C．one D．this24．It is the ability to do the job _______matters where you come from or what you are.A．one B．that C．what D．it25．The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it.A．was travelling B．travelledC．had been traveling D．was to travel.II. 完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解考试科目：专业英语Part One (50%)I. Define each of the following terms: (8%)1. Approximant【答案】Approximant refers to the consonant produced by the approach of one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed so much that a turbulent airstreams is produced. In English, this class of sounds include [w, r, i].2. Coarticulation【答案】Co-articulation refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors. For example, as in lamb, when a is followed by m, the velum will begin to lower itself during the articulation of a so that it is ready for the following nasal. When such simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved, we call the process co-articulation. If the sound becomes more like the following sound, it is known as anticipatory co-articulation. If the sound displays the influence of the preceding sound, it is perseverative co-articulation.3. Arbitrariness【答案】Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs have no natural relationship to their meaning. Therefore, we could not explain why a book is called a /buk/ and a pen a /pen/. However, onomatopoeic words, which sound like the sounds they describe, are regarded to be non-arbitrary since there seems to be some sound-meaning association.4. Complementary distribution【答案】When two sounds never occur in the same environment, they are in complementary distribution. For example, the aspirated English stops never occur after [s], and the un-aspirated ones never occur initially. Allophones of the same phoneme are usually in complementary distribution. The allophones of /p/, for instance, are also in complementary distribution. The un-aspirated occurs after /s/, while the aspirated occurs in all other environments except after /s/.II. Work out the distinctive features of the following sounds. (10%)1.【答案】aspirated voiceless alveolar stop2. [w]【答案】voiced bilabial approximant3. [v]【答案】voiced labio-dental fricative4. [T]【答案】voiced dental fricative5. [l]【答案】voiced alveolar lateralIII. Fill in the blanks with the words that are most appropriate in the given context. (8%)1. In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______ words and ______ words.【答案】lexical, grammatical【解析】本题考查词汇的分类。
南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）一、英汉互译1．ISO【答案】国际标准化组织2．document against acceptance【答案】承兑交单3．nuclear disarmament【答案】核裁军4．overhead pedestrian walk【答案】天桥5．US federal reserve system【答案】美国联邦储备系统6．alma mater【答案】母校7．leap year【答案】闰年8．plead innocent【答案】无罪答辩9．B/L【答案】海上运输提单10．WHO【答案】世界卫生组织11．紫外线【答案】ultraviolet ray12．食品添加剂【答案】food additives13．摩擦系数【答案】friction coefficient14．亚洲基础设施投资银行【答案】Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 15．驾驶证【答案】driver license16．民用工业【答案】civil industry17．农历【答案】lunar calendar18．常备军【答案】standing army19．大众传播【答案】Mass Communication20．室内装饰【答案】interior decoration二、段落翻译英译汉：关于戴安娜王妃的简略评价以及穿插了一点查尔斯王子的内容；汉译英：是散文，讲节日的真正含义（把平日因工作和利害关系而分开的人们重聚在一起享受真正的节日）。
2009年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2009年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。
5%1. computer【答案】[kəmˈpjuːtə(r)]2. weather【答案】['weðər]3. bottle【答案】['bɑt(ə)l]4. sanitation【答案】[.sænɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]5. conversation【答案】[.kɑnvər'seɪʃ(ə)n]6. notepad【答案】[ˈnəʊtˌpæd]7. lamp-post【答案】[læmp pəʊst]8. environment【答案】[ɪn'vaɪrənmənt]9. petroleum【答案】[pə'troʊliəm]10. criminal【答案】['krɪmɪn(ə)l]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。
15%11. catch up with【答案】赶上12. stand out【答案】突出；坚持抵抗13. get wet through【答案】全身湿透14. wear away【答案】磨损，消磨，虚度15. give in【答案】投降，屈服16. figure out【答案】计算出，领会到17. mingle with【答案】和……混合18. in turn【答案】依次，轮流19. be exposed to【答案】遭受，暴露于……20. take over【答案】接收，接管21. stick to【答案】粘住22. put up with【答案】忍受，容忍23. at sea【答案】迷茫24. under way【答案】进行中，在行进25. financial crisis【答案】金融（财政）危机三、从A、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。
20%26. You wo n’t get a loan _____ you can offer some security.A. lestB. in caseC. unlessD. other than【答案】C【解析】句意：除非你能提供保证，否则你不会得到贷款。
2007年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。
5%1. rumor【答案】[ˈruːmə(r)]2. pension【答案】['penʃ(ə)n]3. lure【答案】[lʊr]4. legacy【答案】['leɡəsi]5. identical【答案】[aɪ'dentɪk(ə)l]6. guarantee【答案】[.ɡerən'ti]7. era【答案】[ˈɪrə]8. garbage【答案】['ɡɑrbɪdʒ]9. conventional【答案】[kən'venʃ(ə)nəl]10. bulge【答案】[bʌldʒ]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。
15%11. with each passing year【答案】每过一年12. on a large scale【答案】大规模地13. give up【答案】放弃（念头，愿望等），停止14. at sb’s service【答案】愿为某人服务，听候某人的吩咐15. be opposed to【答案】与某事物相对立，反对某事物16. generation gap【答案】代沟17. lose one’s balance【答案】失去平衡18. come to terms with【答案】与某人达成协议19. cash in on【答案】靠……赚钱，乘机利用20. behave oneself【答案】守规矩，规矩点儿21. at one time【答案】同时，曾经22. pay off【答案】还清（债务等），付清，报复23. run the risk of【答案】冒……的风险24. in the heart of【答案】在……的心中25. take a crack at【答案】（不管难与否）尝试一下三、从Ａ、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。
20%26. If your monthly salary exceeds 10 000, you have to _____ 20% tax from the sumyou receive.A. designateB. repayC. subtractD. snatch【答案】C【解析】句意：平均月工资超过1000元的人须从工资总数中扣除20%的税。
南开大学外国语学院语言学基础历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目：应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1． prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2． Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3．IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4．suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5．blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6．denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7．hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8．stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9．inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10．back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11．c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13．context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14．corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15．CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1．[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2．[j]【答案】palatal approximant3．【答案】glottal plosive4．[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5．[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6．[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7．[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8．[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9．【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10．[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1．Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。
2006年南开大学外国语学院专业英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年南开大学外国语学院专业英语考研真题及详解第一部分英美文学、比较文学与比较文化试题I. Multiple choice: choose the one best answer. Please write all your answers on the Answer Sheets. (20 points)1. Four Quartets was written by ______.A. D.H. LawrenceB. T.S. EliotC. William Butler YeatsD. Robert Bums【答案】B【解析】本题考查《四个四重奏》的作者。
《四个四重奏》是艾略特的作品。
2. Nineteen Eighty-four is ______.A. H.G Well’s last literary attempt to predict the futureB. a novel depicting life in a completely authoritarian stateC. a Blake-like poem replete with apocalyptic visionD. an account of an atomic war【答案】B【解析】本题考查《1984》的相关知识。
《1984》是英国左翼作家乔治·奥威尔于20世纪40年代末所著小说。
此书是经典的反乌托邦小说。
奥威尔刻画了一个令人感到窒息和恐怖的，以追逐权力为最终目标的假想的极权主义社会，通过对这个社会中一个普通人生活的细致刻画，揭示了任何形式下的极权主义必将导致人民甚至整个国家成为悲剧。
3. The experience which William Shakespeare, Sir Philip Sidney, and Edmund Spenser had in common was the following: ______.A. They all wrote poems on the subject of Venus and Adonis.B. They all wrote sonnet sequence.C. They all dedicated poems to the earl of Southampton.D. They all wrote tragedies.【答案】B【解析】本题考查莎士比亚，锡德尼和斯宾塞三人文学的共同点。
2001年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2001年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解Part I.Cloze(10%):Directions:Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words.The first letter of each word has already been given.I feel that this award was not made to me as a man,but to my work—a life’s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit,not for glory and l_____of all for profit,but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before.So this award is only mine in t_____.It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it c_____with the purpose and significance of its origin.But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too,by using this moment as a p_____from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already d_____to the same anguish and travail,among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long s______by now that we can even bear it.There are no longer p_____of the spirit.There is only the question:When will I be b_____up?Because of this,the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about,worth the agony and the sweat.He must learn them again.He must teach himself that the b_____of all things is to be afraid;and,teaching himself that,forget it forever,leaving no room in hisworkshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart,the old universal truths l_____which any story is ephemeral and doomed—love and honor and pity and compassion and sacrifice.Until he does so,he l_____under a curse.He writes not of love but of lust,of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value,of victories without hope and,w_____of all,without pity or compassion.His griefs grieve on no universal bones,leaving no scars.He writes not of the heart but of the glands.Until he relearns these things,he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man.I d_____to accept the end of man.It is easy enough to say that man is i_____simply because he will endure:that when the last dingdong of doom has changed and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening,that even then there will still be one more sound:that of his puny inexhaustible voice,still talking.I refuse to accept this.I believe that man will not m_____endure:he will prevail.He is immortal,not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice,but because he has s_____,a spirit callable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet’s,the writer’s,duty is to write about these things,It is his p_____to help man endure by l_____his heart,by r_____ him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.The poet’s voice need not merely be the r_____of man,it can be one of the props,the pillars to help him endure and prevail.【答案与解析】1.least（least of all，最不。
大学英语__南开大学(4)--基础外语2-1课程期末考试答案及详解
基础外语2-1 A卷答案Part I Translation (10 points)自从进入大学以来，我时常回忆起家乡。
（1分）有时，南开校园的操场会再现我中学时代的快乐生活。
（1分）课堂上，我们不知不觉地被老师的授课所吸引，老师们尽力让我们听懂其所讲授的内容。
（2分）当一名同学正确回答了老师的提问时，老师的脸上就会绽开笑容。
（2分）宿舍里，同学们相互交流思想，谈论自己崇拜的偶像，开怀大笑。
（2分）我们对未来充满信心，但我们深知，我们要从最基础的做起。
（2分）Suggested version:Since we entered the university, memories of my hometown have come to me off and on. Sometimes, the sports ground on Nankai campus would relive the pleasure of my life at high school. In the classroom, we would find ourselves absorbed in our teachers’ lectures and the teachers all try their utmost to put across what they are teaching. When a student gives the right answer to the teacher’s question, the teacher’s face would broaden into a smile. In the dormitory room, roommates exchange ideas with each other and talk about their own idols, laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. We have sufficient/full confidence in our future, yet we are also aware that we must begin on the bottom rung of the ladder.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection C spot dictation:1. goal2. stand on their own feet3. Teenagers4. reach young adulthood5. approval6. tied7. individuals 8. fulfill their own dreams 9. confidence10. contraryPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AR1: O R2: G R3:A R4: C R5:F R6: H R7:I R8:B R9:L R10:NPart II Listening Comprehension1. C2. B3. B4. A5. D6. B7. A8. C9. B10. A11. C12. A13. C14. C15. A16. C17. B18. D19. B20. C21. B22. B23. B24. D25. APart III Reading Comprehension26. C27. D28. A29. A30. B31. A32. D33. C34. C35. BPart IV Vocabulary36. B37. D38. B39. D40. A41. B42. B43. D44. A45. D46. C 47. B48. D49. C50. B51. A52. D53. A54. B55. APart V Cloze56. B57. A58. D59. A60. C61. B62. D63. A64. B65. C66. A67. C68. D69. B70. D详解Part II Listening Comprehension1. C根据男士回答的 terrific, love biology，可以得知 he loves the course。
2000年考研英语真题答案及解析
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析PartⅠCloze Test1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C10.DPartⅡReading ComprehensionPassage111.C12.D13.B14.APassage215.C16.B17.A18.DPassage319.B20.A21.C22.DPassage423.B24.D25.C26.APassage527.A28.C29.D30.BPartⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
32.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
33.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想。
由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
34.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
35.由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.见分析PartⅠClose Test一、文章总体分析本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调农民储存余粮的必要性。
文章①句提出论点：农民想成功，就必须努力保持消费和生产之间有较大的差距。
②句对①句进行具体的解释：即他必须存储大量的粮食。
③④⑤从正面论述储存余粮的必要性：③句总说可以养家糊口；④⑤句具体说可以留作播种、应对恶劣天气影响及作为商品卖掉以满足农业再生产等需要。
⑥⑦⑧句论述没有余粮的危害:不能自给自足，从反面论证储存余粮的必要性。
二、试题具体解析1.\[A\]other than不同于，除了……[B]as well as也，又（表示附加）[C]instead of而不是……（表选择）[D]more than比……更多（表比较）本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
2000年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately.③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil.⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways.⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 .⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans.⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable.［139 words］1.［A］ other than ［B］ as well as［C］ instead of ［D］ more than2.［A］ only if ［B］ much as［C］ long before ［D］ ever since3.［A］ for ［B］ against［C］ of ［D］ towards4.［A］ replace ［B］ purchase［C］ supplement ［D］ dispose5.［A］ enhance ［B］ mix［C］ feed ［D］ raise6.［A］ vessels ［B］ routes［C］ paths ［D］ channels7.［A］ self-confident ［B］ self-sufficient［C］ self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］ search ［B］ save［C］ offer ［D］ seek9.［A］ proportion ［B］ percentage［C］ rate ［D］ ratio10.［A］ genuinely ［B］ obviously［C］ presumably ［D］ frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.②When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled.④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes.⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence.②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC.⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions ［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13.What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］ The revival of the economy depends on international cooperate ［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S.economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle［B］ restructuring of industry［C］ improved business management［D］ success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous.②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed.⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.⑧Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past.③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children.④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average.⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.②Strangely, it has involved little physical change.③No other species fills so many places in nature.④But in the past 100, 000 years —even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us.⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.16.What does the example of India illustrate?［A］ Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］ Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］ The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］ India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］ life has been improved by technological advance［B］ the number of female babies has been declining［C］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］ Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］ Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］ The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］ Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.②But it isa little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19.This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］ about merits of the Futurist movement［D］ about laws and requirements of literature20.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］ determine its purposes ［B］ ignore its flaws［C］ follow the new fashions ［D］ accept the principles21.Futurists claim that we must.［A］ increase the production of literature［B］ use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］ develop new modes of expression［D］ avoid using adjectives and verbs22.The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］ based on reasonable principles［B］ new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］ indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］ more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States.③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee.③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2, 125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education.⑥Last year MitsuoSetoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles.②“In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell.⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23.In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］ under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］ a rival to the West ［D］ on the decline24.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］ Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］ More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］ Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］ The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25.Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］ Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］ Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］ More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］ Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26.The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］ the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］ the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］ the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］ the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.②If the tradition of ambitionis to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal.④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States.③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly.⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.［431 words］27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］ its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］ it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］ its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］ it is shared by the rich and the famous28.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］ customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］ too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］ dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal ［D］ impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］ they think of it as immoral［B］ their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］ they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］ secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］ easily and momentarily ［D］ verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past.For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A.Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B.Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111.C 12.D 13.B 14.APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart Ⅲ English-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下, 这需要程度不同的集中控制措施, 从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
2007年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解Part I.Vocabulary and Structure(20points)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.Although her initial success was_____by the fact she was the daughter of a famous actor,the critics later acclaimed her as a star in her own right.A.enhancedB.impededC.refutedD.superseded【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管她的首次成功因为她父亲也是一位著名演员而受到了阻碍，但之后评论家还是称她为一个靠自己实力成功的明星。
impede阻碍，妨碍。
enhance提高，提升。
refute反驳，驳斥。
supersede代替，取代。
2.The primitive emotions of love and hate,even though extreme opposites,are found in varying degrees even in the most_____person.A.brackishB.sylvanC.beneficentD.defunct【答案】D【解析】句意：爱与恨，尽管是两种极端的感情，但是在最为冷漠无情的人身上也能找到。
defunct死的，死亡的，引申义为“死气沉沉，没有感情的”。
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2000年南开大学外国语学院基础英语真题及详解Part I.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences(10%):1.When getting out of bed,his toe hit the dresser.【答案】When(he was)getting out of bed,his toe hit the dresser.【解析】本句的主句和分句主语不一致，分句主语不能省略。
2.To think clearly,some logic is important.【答案】To think clearly,some(delete)logic is important.【解析】这里的logic是指作为整体的逻辑，表示整体不用some。
3.After he had lectured thirty years,the average student still seemed average.【答案】After he had lectured(for)thirty years,the average student still seemed average.【解析】过去完成时应该用可持续的时间状语，所以加for表示一段时间。
4.Maurice decided to complete his second year at college,look for a job,and then he and Eva would get married.【答案】Maurice decided to complete his second year at college,look(looking)for a job,and then he and Eva would get married.【解析】从句中不能出现look这种独立的谓语结构，必须变成分词形式looking。
5.An example of her snobbery is when she criticizes her neighbors for their ungrammatical speech.【答案】An example of her snobbery is when(that)she criticizes her neighbors for their ungrammatical speech.【解析】本句的主语是example，表语应该是名词性从句，所以不能用when引导。
6.The reason the brakes failed is because the brake fluid was accidentally removed.【答案】The reason the brakes failed is because(that)the brake fluid was accidentally removed.【解析】the reason与because重复，去掉一个即可。
7.I spent hours working out a detailed budget,but it did not solve my financial problems.【答案】I spent hours working out a detailed budget,but it did(could)not solve my financial problems.【解析】这里强调的是我做出的预算能不能解决财政问题，而不是有没有解决。
8.The cousins fought on different sides in the war,which tore their family apart.【答案】The cousins fought on different(opposite)sides in the war,which tore their family apart.【解析】战争只有两方，而different可以代表多方，所以用opposite。
9.After hours of frustrating discussion,an agreement on the verdict was finally reached by the jury.【答案】After hours of frustrating discussion,an agreement on the verdict was finally reached by(between)the jury.【解析】jury是一个可以作单数也可以作复数的名词，在这里指判决结果在陪审团的成员中达成一致，那么这里的jury即表示复数（陪审团的所有成员），介词用between。
10.Susan hated math in high school even though she majored in statistics at university.【答案】(Even though)Susan hated math in high school even though she majored in statistics at university.【解析】本句的时间顺序颠倒，所以应将条件从句改为第一分句。
Part II.Cloze(20%):Directions:Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words.The first letter of each word has already been given.If teaching is to be r_____as the important job that it is,pride must first be generated within the profession itself.One way to do this would be to have a more rigorous and effective set of criteria that applicants must m_____before they are allowed e_____into the profession.Marleen C.Pugach of the University of Illinois has recommended a set of criteria that would function together to provide “entry-level hurdles to encourage self selection,to serve as initial points in theprocess of continuous judgment of student p_____,and to assist faculty members in making d___,between applicants based on multifaceted data.”Pugach recommends these selection criteria:(1)basic skills testing,c_____of entry-level tests in reading,mathematics,and written and oral communication;(2)a minimum grade point a_____;(3)a structured interview to a_____the applicant’s personal qualities.Another criterion used in universities such as Oregon State and Northern Kentucky is also helpful in selecting s_____candidates.Students must successfully complete a two-to five-day full-responsibility teaching experience p_____to being accepted into a teacher-training program.The number of drop-outs i_____from approximately5%to25%.C_____,such intensive s_____policies would be a strong force in a_____applicants who seriously wish to p_____teaching:At the same time, these policies would d_____students who now casually drift into teacher education, such as those I o_____in the undergraduate lounge.The s_____of personal achievement that would come from gaining entrance to a f_____with such high entrance standards would contribute to a feeling of professionalism among c_____.【答案与解析】1.read（be read as，被解读为……。
）2.meet（meet在这里指达到标准的意思。
）3.engage（engage表示从事于某项职业。
）4.progress（前面有judgement，评价是对学生进步的评价。
）5.decisions（make decision，做出决定。
）6.courses（阅读、数学、写作和口语都是一些基本课程。
）7.appointment（appointment在这里表示指定，在全文中表示最低分数限定。
）8.assure（assure…quality，保证……的质量。
）9.student（根据上文，这里指的是学生投考者。
）10.prior（prior to，优先的，在…之前。
）11.increases（后面的数字呈增长趋势，所以用increase。
）12.Currently（这里表示时间且可以做独立分句的只能是时间副词currently。
）13.selection（严格的政策在于挑选人才，所以用selection。