高考英语二轮完形填空考点解析说明文5

说明文型完形填空

专题导读

说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实物性说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（实物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）；二是事理性说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。

具体特点为：

1. 开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。

2. 结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序（指先后顺序），空间顺序（从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外），逻辑顺序（前因后果、先果后因、先主后次），认识顺序（由此及彼、由浅入深、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质）。

说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。

真题典例

［2010·安徽卷］

Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often，people buy a pen based only on __2__，and wonder why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However，buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind.

First of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The

thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic （特征）__6__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers，you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top­ heavy and unstable.

Then，the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly （均匀地）while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink，__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again.

__17__，the pen should make a thick，dark line. Fine­ line pens may __18__ bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not command __19__ next to printed text，as，__20__，a signature on a printed letter. A broader line，on the other hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority （权威）．

（）1. A. many B. few

C. pleasant

D. important

（）2. A. looks B. reason

C. value

D. advantages

（）3. A. once B. if

C. because

D. though

（）4. A. convenient B. practical

C. strange

D. difficult

（）5. A. heavy B. easy

C. hard

D. safe

（）6. A. taking B. finding

C. determining

D. seeking

（）7. A. stronger B. weaker

C. smaller

D. larger

（）8. A. prefer B. recommend

C. prepare

D. demand

（）9. A. hardly B. also

C. never

D. still

（）10. A. thick B. light

C. long

D. soft

（）11. A. change B. allow

C. reduce

D. press

（）12. A. They B. One

C. This

D. Some

（）13. A. thin B. rough

C. black

D. smooth

（）14. A. prevent B. free

C. protect

D. remove

（）15. A. way B. sight

C. flow

D. stream

（）16. A. so B. as