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《大学英语精读》第一册 unit.ppt

• Engineers can be classified into many types, such as construction engineer, production engineer design engineer and industrial engineer.
• An industrial engineer’s duties are to coordinate personnel, materials and machinery and to determine the most productive and efficient use of each. He helps plan the production line and designs or adapts details essential to the manufacturing of a product.
Part Division of the Text
Part Lines 1 1 — 12 2 13 — 20 3 21 — 38 4 39 — 56
Main Idea
When a boy, Sam was the “efficient expert” for the family.
When a graduate, Sam was asked to work as a “consultant” in a shirt factory. Sam was greatly surprised by the degree of disorder. Sam put forward some suggestions for the improvement of production and was rewarded by the boss.

外研版高中英语必修二课程原版(电子版)

外研版高中英语必修二课程原版(电子版)本文档为外研版高中英语必修二课程的原版电子版。

该课程包含以下内容：Unit 1 Cultural relics- Part 1 Warming up- Part 2 Background reading- Part 3 Listening and speaking- Part 4 Reading- Part 5 Consolidation- Part 6 ExtensionUnit 2 Growing up- Part 1 Warming up- Part 2 Background reading- Part 3 Listening and speaking- Part 4 Reading- Part 5 Consolidation- Part 6 ExtensionUnit 3 Travel journal- Part 1 Warming up- Part 2 Background reading - Part 3 Listening and speaking - Part 4 Reading- Part 5 Consolidation- Part 6 ExtensionUnit 4 Music- Part 1 Warming up- Part 2 Background reading - Part 3 Listening and speaking - Part 4 Reading- Part 5 Consolidation- Part 6 ExtensionUnit 5 Language- Part 1 Warming up- Part 2 Background reading- Part 3 Listening and speaking- Part 4 Reading- Part 5 Consolidation- Part 6 ExtensionUnit 6 Science and technology- Part 1 Warming up- Part 2 Background reading- Part 3 Listening and speaking- Part 4 Reading- Part 5 Consolidation- Part 6 Extension该课程内容涵盖多个主题，旨在帮助学生扩展词汇量，增强听说读写能力。

五年级上册英语四单元readandwrite

Language focus: This unit focuses on specific grammar points such as verb tenses, adjectives, and adverbs. It also introduces new vocabulary related to the themes of the readings, providing opportunities for students to expand their lexical repertoire.
Sentence Structures
Simple present tense is used to describe daily habits and routines. Example sentences include "I wake up at 7 o'clock every morning," and "After I eat breakfast, I go to school."
Have students skim the text to get a general idea of the main points and identify the theme.
Teach students to scan the text for specific information, such as key vocabulary words and phrases related to daily routines.
introducing more complex language structures and a wider range of vocabulary to enhance students' language proficiency.

关于读书的英文演讲稿(精选20篇)

关于读书的英文演讲稿（精选20篇）关于读书的英文演讲稿（精选20篇）关于读书的英文演讲稿篇1The title of my speech today is "reading and playing the background color of life".A boy was born on February 12, 1811, at the home of a poor farmer in a rural Kentucky village. He had no chance to go to school because he was poor. He has been in school for less than a year. His mother could read, but never learned to write, and his father could only write his own name.However, he was strongly attracted by books. He started school at the age of seven and went to school only two or three days a week. From then on, he began his own initiation education. He used the burned wood as a "pencil" and practiced writing letters on rough boards. At night, he read aloud to his mother the bible and read Aesop's fables.As a teenager, he looked for and borrowed a lot of books from all his neighbors over 50 miles, including the autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, life in Washington,and pilgrim's progress. He seized every chance to read carefully. While other friends were playing hide-and-seek in the mountains, he was reading under a tree with a book in his hand. After dinner, he quickly picked up the book.At the age of nine, his beloved mother died. He and his sister comforted their mother by reading her favorite bible verse.When his father remarried, the stepmother brought a few furniture and three books to her new home: the merriam-webster dictionary, Robinson Crusoe and the night talk. He read the books over and over. He gradually became a proficient writer, so that his neighbors would pay him to write letters and simple wills.When he was 21, he decided to go out. Finally settled in a small village on the western border with more than 100 new migrants. The village has six college-educated education people, including two knowledgeable physicians who allow him to borrow their books at any time.For the next seven years, he did two jobs that allowed him to work long hours without interruption. The first job was the store clerk, and the second job was the postman. He has read books on philosophy, technology,religion, literature, law and politics. In fact, by reading, he gave himself an excellent college diploma.In 1837, at the age of 28, he was a practicing lawyer in Illinois, even though he didn't graduate from grade one.In 1861, he became the 16th President of the United States by running for office. He was one of the greatest presidents in American history, Abraham Lincoln Listen to this story, and you will learn something from it.In human history, both domestic and abroad, due to study diligently and change their own destiny, and even change the fate of national, ethnic, affecting the process of human civilization examples are like the stars in the sky, countless. Their stories influence andinspire generations of people, and the best way to learn from them is to read.You can't get to know all the great men and masters of the world in real life, but by reading, it's possible. "To read a good book is to talk to many noble people," Goethe said. You can't go back to the past, nor can you get into the future in advance, but books can take you tothe past and the future. It is said that those who do not read are living in the present, while those who read books live in three eras - past, present and future. You can't travel all over the world, but books can take you to every corner of the earth.Words and books are the greatest inventions in the history of mankind, and if you can take advantage of it, you will not take advantage of the greatest invention.Reading means education, even school. "The schoolfirst meant books," says former Soviet educator sukhomlinsky. Not for teachers and students, enrich the spiritual life between teachers and students need abundant books, or have a lot of books and the lack of teachers and students of the school love of books, is not a real school, can say is a "manufacturing, manufacturers of the labor force".Do you like reading books? So start reading, harvest, taste, forge ahead! Let's bathe in the book and enjoy it. The book is gold and precious; Books are sunshine, unlimited energy. Pick up your books! You can go to bed and forget your food. In reading, I harvest; I grew up reading. I love reading, I love harvest.Thank you.关于读书的英文演讲稿篇2We are budding flowers, and in our journey of life, we have saved our energy so that we will have a beautiful bloom on that day.Not every flower in this world can bloom so bright, because of this, we should cherish this opportunity to blossom. Wind power determines the direction of the dandelion, and reading can determine our direction. The biggest difference between us and the dandelion is that we are totally dependent on the wind, and we are ourselves.When we are young, it is time for good. You should take advantage of this youth, take advantage of this energy, cheer up, fight for your dreams, and lay the foundation for the future. Studying hard is our top priority right now. Don't give up on our path because of the boredom of adolescence. Reading and studying was not the only way out, but it is the only shortcut, the future is to rely on struggle, and now the society need is talent, there is no knowledge as the foundation, how to fight?Reading is a very enjoyable thing. It can not only enrich our knowledge, but also improve our quality. Weare the new century and the new generation. We must have knowledge, morality and self-cultivation. We must not let our country be ashamed of us. We should study hard and study hard.In fact, students are also a kind of occupation, and are the easiest among all professions. We don't work hard, we get paid every day, we just come to school, we study, that's all, and we have plenty of vacation time. If wecan't manage even the lightest professions, how can wetalk about it?Students, don't idle away your time every day. We are not dandelions, we do not have to wait for the direction that the hill gives us, we rely on our efforts. Take action, let us raise our efforts to sail in the sea, believe that one day we will all return home.关于读书的英文演讲稿篇3As we all know, the book is the soul of human beings, is the crystallization of human wisdom, is the treasure house of human knowledge. The book has its own gold room, has its own beautiful woman in the book, the book has itsown rr jin, but the mouth of all the reader down from generation to generation.When I was young, I would especially like to listen to my mother tell a story. A story to tell mom in three to five times, each time, will be moved by the story in the book. I most like to listen to a story, is the ugly duckling Hans Christian Andersen. Whenever my mother read aloud with affection, my heart, along with the ugly duckling process, jitter up and down. When my mother finished reading, my eyes filled with tears. Slowly I began to read. My mother bought me some famous books, and I read them carefully at home. Books, is also the place where I frequented. Squat down on the ground, a see be two hours. Gradually, I fell in love with reading. I sympathize with the little match girl, I care about the fate of the underwater mermaid princess, I'm Jane. The heart of love moved, I also cry for romeo and Juliet's sad love. Reading brings me the most meaningful joy, reading brings me rich world, let me treat everything with kindness and innocence.When I grew up, I had a deeper understanding of the meaning of the story. The great poet Goethe once said,"read a good book, like a conversation with a group of noble people." Yes, a good book, can give us the power of the spirit. Literary masters, they has a keen insightinto the vision, to infiltrate seen their own ideas, communicate with the reader in the book. As a result, the book had great masters of the spirit: "Notre Dame DE Paris" is full of Hugo fury of decadent society, is permeated with him, for love to humanitarian yearning, always flashing the light of human nature in the book; "Gone with the wind" has written the evil of war, facing the war hero's strength and nostalgia for his hometown; "Ah Q zhengchuan" is like a needle in the Chinesepeople's insensitive skin; In the analects of Confucius, Confucius was shown to be tireless in his work. Pushkin's poetry is filled with hatred for evil... They taught me to recognize good and evil, to teach me to do good, to hate evil. I learned to appreciate from the book, learned true, good, beautiful; I have learned from the book of love and understanding the end of evil. I have learned about social change from books; I learned to think more from books.The master of drama Shakespeare said, "books are the nourishment of the whole world, and there are no books in life, and there is no sunshine. Wisdom without books islike a bird without wings. Indeed, any one if there were no books to enrich himself, his life will be how dull,how empty his life will be. Like a walking corpse,without thoughts without soul empty shell.Books, accompany me through countless wind and rain, have experienced generations of vicissitudes, he has witnessed my growth. I share joy, anger, sadness, joywith him."A half mu of square pond a mirror to open, the sky light cloud of the common lingering. Ask canal which should be clear, for the source of fresh water." Students, let us drink this "source of fresh water", climb theladder of human progress, become the intellectual millionaire, the spirit giant! Owning books, we have the whole world, we have books, we have a good tomorrow!关于读书的英文演讲稿篇4my favorite book is(italian: cuore). this is a diary written by an italian boy enrico. the diary is about his life and study. it included various touching stories thathappened around enrico, the mottos taught by his parents, as well as the wonderful ten "monthly" stories told by his teacher during the class. every word in the chapter describes the word "love". from patriotism to friendship, and to the love between parents and child -- really touching.this novel taught me how to love, and how to learn from love. i really like this book very much. how about you? what is your favorite book?my favorite book is. have you read it before?oh, i haven’t read this book before. what is it about?well, it is a story of a rich girl who maintained her noble character after the bankruptcy of her father. the story is happy ending.can you tell us why you love this book so much?sure. it is because the story taught us to be brave and to face the challenges and difficulties with courage.i am deeply impressed by the strength and perseverance of the little princess in the story. i have decided to learn from her from now on.oh i see, the story sounds very good. i cannot waitto read this book as well.关于读书的英文演讲稿篇5As we all know, books are the ladder of human progress. Books play an extremely important role in our life. It is important because it exists all the time around us, around us, and everyone is learning and using knowledge.Some people, however, do not know what reading is for.I think one of the benefits of reading is adjusting your mindset. Regardless of the great joys and sorrows we encounter in life, we can keep a calm and calm mind, and be prepared to face it. When you are happy, don't get carried away. When frustrated, don't be too sad. If you can't avoid heartbreak, try to unclog yourself.Books make me a happy man, gorky says. We might aswell read the books in our leisure time. Through reading books, we learn from books and love and feel the truth.We recognize the change of history, the change of society. We learn to think, to ask valuable questions, to learn to grow.The old man said: read well, read well, read good books. This is a wise quote. Reading a good book is totalk to a wise man, to enrich the mind and to distinguish right from wrong.Bi shu min also said, the book is not rouge, but will make the human face permanent. Books are not sticks, but they are powerful. Books are not feathers, but they fly. Books are not everything, but they can make people change.Books are our most loyal companions. Time goes by,and reading increases our knowledge. Don't you want to increase your knowledge? If you like, please pick up the book of our life is meaningful, into the book world, swim in the sea of knowledge, it will make you full of ideas, full of wisdom, and, in turn, change your fate, changeyour life, can let us find the real belong to our moreself-confidence!关于读书的英文演讲稿篇6The topic of my speech today is reading and lighting up your life.When I was a child, we babbling, elders always teachus some of the old saying, "everybody has frequently asthe diameter, road to learning bitter for a ship", "idleyoung, needy old., idle young, needy old", "the book is read hundreds of times, its meaning, only know can memorize is the best. Gradually we grew up, learned pinyin, learn to read and learn to read the word, small one is keen to learn about the world, so we made a good friend - books, love reading.MAO zedong once said: "rice can not eat one day, sleep can not sleep one day, the book can not one day not read." This shows the importance of reading. Reading, is to pick up the flowers in the picturesque scenery, looking for the life feeling of the tidbits. You can canoe on the west lake and pick up the lotus seeds of life. You can drive a long car into suzhou and hangzhou and enjoy the paradise on earth. You can visit mount tai, understand the reasons of the emperor's zen, and smell the mind of the small mountain. You can be proud of the rise of China and study for China.Tell us a story, in the western han dynasty, there was a very studious young man called kuang heng, but because the family is poor and have no money to buy the light, the night his house in the dark, unable to read. What to do? One night, he saw a neighboring lit candles,is chiseled a hole on the wall quietly, let slightly through the holes in the candle light reflected in the book, just like that, he read by the neighbour's light every night, until the neighbors lights out. Kuang heng was under such learning conditions, learned knowledge, later became a famous scholar of the western han dynasty. But it's not advisable to gouge out this behavior now, because it would be tragic if it was cut down to the neighbor's sewer.Listen to the story, what do you think? Yes, knowledge changes fate. Gorky said, "books make me a happy man." We read for others, not for exams, but for ourselves. With books, as with knowledge, as friends, with wisdom as a teacher, we can store up energy and grow talents. Reading is like moving through the vast sea, making people happy; It's a love affair that makes a man run like a dog. Entering the vast sea of books, breathing the light of the book, the fingers of the fingers, searching for the truth and beauty of life, sitting on the tide of the world, and finally seeing the day.Read books, edify my sentiment, broaden my vision, enrich my feelings. "Half mu of square pond a mirror, thesky light cloud shadow altogether. Ask the canal to be clear, for a source of fresh water." Students, let us drink this "source of fresh water", climb the ladder of human progress, become the rich man of knowledge, the spirit of the giant, become the motherland 21st century high quality builder!That's all for my speech. Thank you!关于读书的英文演讲稿篇7Gorky once said: books are the ladder of human progress. Most of the knowledge comes from books, preferring to eat no fish and not to read. In my daily life, books have become an indispensable part of me. I have read many books, among them my favorite author is tagore I have also read the four great novels, the dream of the red chamber, the romance of The Three Kingdoms, the journey to the west, the water margin, and I have gained a lot of knowledge and inspiration in the book. The encyclopedia, for example, made me understand a lot of things I never saw.Moreover, there are many ways to read books. The poet zhu xi once said that reading books is three to one, which is to say, the mind is to the eye and the eye tothe hand. Meaning is to understand with the heart, use the eye to watch the article, use the hand to record the fragment. And I feel that reading books not only read, but also take notes and write more thoughts, so that the knowledge in the book will truly belong to us. I often use a method called "leading dog tail", is in three copies of the first a content, read, read the ending, and then conveniently guess the middle content, this method not only is fast, and very accurate.As time went on, I got the knowledge from the book, and the more I piled up in my mind, I could hardly hold it. I was especially looking for a place to vent, so I chose to write, read a book, and write a book. Gradually, little articles can not satisfy my needs, I chose towrite a book. Through my efforts, I finally overcame all difficulties and wrote my first book, the secret of my class.A book can be read on thousands of times, you will always find different things from the book, reading is endless, let them to fill my brain is the best, reading is a kind of elegant attitude, I love reading, learned from the book to be doing things, learned from bookwriting method, through the teacher's guidance, in normal times to write a composition, can open mind, rich content, much at ordinary times when communicate with people, also some confidence, language ability has improved, also can write my first book, today it also cannot leave myparents hard training, the teacher's guidance by heart,to take this opportunity, I want to say to them, thankyou for your education, training,Let me grow! I will work hard and study hard.关于读书的英文演讲稿篇8Everybody is good! The title of my speech today is, "reading, the habit of not losing."In today's rapid development of science and technology, Internet, computers and television has become the mainstream of today's society, in the library,reading room, already can't see crowded situation,learning seems to be required for all students, schoolinto social work we like to read more and more distant,the mainstream of life is now shifting from books tohigh-tech network, get information is intuitive, butnever feel fun to read. The ancients had "read ten thousand books, the great wisdom of wanli road". Inrecent years both in China and western countries havebeen more and more attention to the importance of reading, let's start with the rapid development of science and technology today, slow down, quietly to enjoy reading the charm. On April 23, 1995, UNESCO called the day "world book day" to encourage people to discover the joys of reading and to enjoy the pleasure of reading. In 20xx,the day is 16 world reading day, this time only so order for is one of the world, just want to let people all over the world to remember today, every day to read a life habit, rather than just to commemorate and study.China is a world-famous cultural country with a long history of culture. Ancient times, there are many stories about reading, kuang heng "authentic wall steal light", "capsule hotaru snow" CheYin hang beam, the sword of the shares of Sun Jinghe shu, ouyang xiu's "three" fan zhongyan studying reading, anecdotes, and so on, they are born, for die for books, for books, for books, for books and the poor, thin for books, and so on.Books are the medium of civilization. It's a shortcut to the world. Is the inheritance of historicalcivilization;Is the time tunnel leading to the entire universe... We have been the company of books since the first day of school, and it has become an indispensable part of life. Today we took to the social work, reading has become less important, also does not have to treat reading as a habit, in the practice work make me feel "books to time square hate less". Even though we often use the power of the Internet to find the material we want to use, we can only repeat the original action mechanically. We don't haveour own thoughts in our minds, our own thoughts, and our own achievements. So let's pick up the book again and get down to the unique charm of the book. Find our own thoughts and achievements! MEDALS in our community has a can let you regain thinking and achievement, that is the library reading room on the third floor, there can be for us in their spare time reading books: content, up to the astronomical geography, historically, from the inside out, involved in all aspects by is readily available, let's become a habit of reading, have become a part of life, picked up the book in your hands, let us fly freely inthe ocean of lifting HuiShu from today!关于读书的英文演讲稿篇9teachers and classmates:Hello everyone! "I'm a big boy from class five, grade six."Book is the ladder of human progress, it can let us edify sentiment, also can let us increase knowledge.Every reading of a book can give us different feelings.Read the "dream of Red Mansions" tragic ending, cannot help the tears Huahua; when I read "the fairy" mills, understand people do not just look at the human shortcomings, also need to think more about the benefitsof others; when I read "journey to the west" is a vivid character to attract; when I read "meet" understandpeople can not blindly take, but to know how to pay......Although I have read so many books, I was also a person who didn't like reading. At the age of four, Ilike to travel with my father and mother, and my parents often play with me. But one day, my father and mother saw that other people's children had already memorizedseveral ancient poems, but I could never recite anything. Let me read and I refused, so Dad locked me into the room, threw me a "Green fairy tale" and several other fairy tales, I do not stop crying at first, I hope my fathercan let me out, but with no, I feel very boring, then I open the book the characters, very vivid, beautiful and kind of snow white, the ugly duckling into a swan, good George, vicious hunter, poor prince, I was deeply attracted to the story, as if the body in which the original reading is so fun.Reading is very happy, I want everyone to join the ranks of reading, read the fun of reading!关于读书的英文演讲稿篇10"Every time I open my book, every single lead character in the book is like a happy child cheering and greeting me, and I feel so much joy." This is a quote from gorky.By reading, we can broaden our horizon, enrich our experience, and do everything in our history. Reading books can edify sentiment, enlighten life, enlighten wisdom, like a lamp, guiding the way forward. When you're bored, reading can make you feel good. When you are lost and disappointed, reading can calm your mind and ease your sadness. When you are in a good mood, reading can help you find more beautiful things around you and make you enjoy life more.The charm of a book cannot be ignored. I remember when I was in the first grade, I was very helpless and confused, and there were chattering voices in the class. They were curious about everything and couldn't help talking. At this point, the soft air stop useless softly, and the anger rising in my heart, and shouts flapping hands stage, the class quieted down at once and looked at the children's eyes, I regret very much. The children's indifference made me more anxious, and then blurted out, "if we can order in class and finish our homework carefully, the teacher will tell us the story at any time." I smiled when I saw a pair of shiny eyes and clapping their feet. After that, the children endlessly asked me for rewards. "teacher, how can you tell so many stories?" I smiled and said, "because the teacher likes reading books!" "I also want to see, I want to see." From the initial notes to the current series of books, the children have become fans of the book. After finishing homework in class, they don't have to ask for it. Everyone is reading. Last week I sent each student an apple-tree grandmother, afternoon reading class is over, 48 students no one out of the classroom, the bell rang,the students looked at me, eyes with prayer, see mydouble eyebrow frowning, deliberately in thought for afew seconds, the heart not feeling don't want to say: "ok, take a class, in the next section, increasing tasks, everyone must be completed." I was surrounded by shoutsof joy and relief.In Chinese teaching, reading and studying are two difficult problems that plague every Chinese teacher.Take the exam, for instance, most lose points is to read the topic and assignments, complains seem powerless,every child wants to get the ideal result, because the head empty, vocabulary is too little, too poor to understand. Want to improve children's reading ability, comprehension, thoroughly get rid of the bad habits of back composition, must be a lot of reading, as the amount of reading, climbing understanding ability is poor,laundry list type composition such common problems willbe readily solved.Reading can cure disease, it is a good medicine. The chick belly bowel, arrogance, arrogant, eye is higherthan the top, ignorance, impetuous emptiness of the crowd, through a lot of reading can help their brainwashed,eliminate ignorance, apathy, numbness, cunning. Inject integrity, loyalty, kindness, enthusiasm and other nutrients, awaken their cancerous cells, transform genes, gradually restore health. So that we can go on the road of life, more and more, surpass ourselves, overcome self.Reading is the enjoyment of the spirit, can absorb the endless nutrition, brings us joy, brings us wisdom, makes our life more wonderful and abundant! Fall in love with reading, let us meet the wind and waves with the ideal of the peak, the peak!My speech is over, thank you!关于读书的英文演讲稿篇11When I was a child, I grew up in the sound of "hoe and sweat", and every time I picked up the book and looked at the lifeless square, I always cried with no meaning. Reading is my biggest headache.Growing up, I felt the lack of knowledge, and every time I wrote, I did not know how to begin. My father and my mother are upset that I don't like reading. I often buy lots of books for me to read. Until one day, that evening, our family carried out an idiom contest, which I said idiom, mother said meaning, I opened the idiomdictionary, said: "gold cicada skin (ke)." As soon as they had finished, my father and my mother burst into laughter. I wondered what they were laughing at. My mother looked at me in amazement and said, "look at pinyin. What do you read?" "Oh! It's "qiao"! I suddenly realized. My father said to me seriously, "we should pay more attention to reading in the future, so that we can accumulate knowledge." So, I made up my mind, must read more, know a lot of knowledge.Since then, I really like reading books, because books bring me endless pleasure. I prayed for the fate of the little match girl when I read the children's collection of Hans Christian Andersen, the little match girl. When I saw the five strong men of lushan, I cried for the grief of the five strong men of the mountain. When I read the romance of The Three Kingdoms, I admired zhuge liang's hero. I am deeply intoxicated in the sea of books,Ever seen such a passage in a book "reading can cure fools, reading can ZhiQiong, reading can cure disease, can read shelly, reading can reach, can read urbanity, can intelligent reading, reading can know how to make。

《新视野英语教程(第三版)》教学资源book3第9单元

Leading in
Section A
Section B
Section C
Exploring the Topic
1,How do you think the boy’s behavior? 2, Why the girl has a good relationship with his neighbors?
Exercises
Around the Topic
Section A
Section B
Section C
Warmingup
Para. 2
She said Donald would not want to hurt Nancy’s feelings by refusing to wear the shirt she had made for him. Nancy took her mother’s advice and even made a shirt for herself to match the shirt she had made for Donald, and that was the start of it.
Around the Topic
Section A
Section B
Section C
Couple Finds Being “Two of a Kind” Is a Recipe for Happiness
Around the Topic
Section A
Section B
Section C
Spot Dictation
Leading in
Section A
Section B
Section C
3. Are there any other recipes for a loving human relationship that you know of?

Unit3DiverseCulturesReadingforwriting公开课教学设计高中英语人教

新人教版（2019）英语必修三Unit 3Period 4 Reading for Writing教学设计Invite us to a cultural diversity fest.Through background reading, students should learn how to find out the key information in a passage and lead students tounderstand the definition of China town, Chinese immigrant and archway.✧ Chinatown ✧ Chineseimmigrant ✧ ArchwayStep 3Background readingTeacher guides students to read a Travel Page to Chinatown, San Francisco and complete the trivia quizzes to get the task card.- Guide students to get the key information quickly and correctly.Step 4Let’s answerTeacher chooses students to answer the questions.1. How many Chinatowns are there in the world?A. 35 Chinatowns in 19 countriesB. 16 Chinatowns in 15 countriesC. 12 Chinatowns in 8 countriesD. 7 Chinatowns in 5 countries2. The first Chinese immigrants arrived in San Francisco in ______. A. 1402 B. 1882 C. 1848 D. 19063. Which picture does NOT include an archway ?keys:1. A 2. C 3. FGet the Task Card Task 1: PredictionTask 2: Global Reading- Provide some backgroundinformation for students.Expressions in Paragraph 1location, features, climateExpressions in Paragraph 2history, ethnic group, languageExpressions in Paragraph 3tourist attractions, famous figuresExpressions in Paragraph 4storesExpressions in Paragraph 4foodExpressions in Paragraph 4unique cultureTask 4: Critical thinkingDo you think your hometown is a city withcultural diversity? Why?While-writingStep 6Write an introduction to a place with distinctive cultural identity.1.I n groups. brainstorm as much information aspossible about your city/town and its culture.Then write an outline of your introduction.2.T hink about the following questions:Is it a city/town/district with diverse cultures?What is unique about this place?What examples can you give to illustrate itsfeature?Students learn howto introduce a place.-Get the tips ofwriting.-Improve theirfast-writingskill.Take Wuhan as an example. Watch an introduction video to Wuhan and ask students to take notes about the facts of Wuhan to prepare for their own writing.W-Water (tourist attractions)U-University(education)H-High technology(business)A-Automobile(industries)N-Noodles(Food)3.W rite an introduction to your city/town. Thefollowing phrases and expressions may you.•is located in/on•is divided up into•is … in size•the most popular/greatest/largest•has a history of … years•has a population of•is home to…ethnic groups•popular festivals/foods/tourist sites include ... Tips for Writing an Introduction to a City1.Discuss one aspect of the city in each paragraph. For example, one paragraph about general facts and population, one paragraph about industries, one paragraph about culture, etc.e search engines such as Baidu to help you find facts about the city.e 'its' as a possessive when writing about a city (not her, or his). For example, Its main exports are ...4.When using numbers, write out the numbers up to twenty. For larger numbers, use numerals. For example: There are two professional sports organizations ... BUT There are over 130,000。

英语阅读中出现的困难的英语作文

英语阅读中出现的困难的英语作文英文回答：Reading comprehension is a complex skill that requires a multifaceted approach. Difficulties in reading English, particularly in the context of academic or professional settings, often arise due to various linguistic, cognitive, and sociocultural factors. Addressing these challenges necessitates a range of strategies to enhance comprehension and proficiency in reading.Linguistic Barriers:Vocabulary: Encountering unfamiliar or technical terms can impede comprehension. Strategies include vocabulary acquisition (e.g., through reading, using flashcards), determining word meanings from context, and seeking clarifications or definitions.Grammar: Poor understanding of English grammar,including sentence structure and word order, can disrupt the flow of comprehension. Regular practice with grammar exercises, reading model texts, and seeking support from teachers or language coaches can improve understanding.Idioms and Cultural References: Idioms and cultural references can pose challenges for non-native readers. Familiarity with English idioms and knowledge of cultural nuances can be gained through exposure to English-language media, interaction with native speakers, and cultural immersion.Cognitive Challenges:Inferences and Implicit Meanings: Reading comprehension often requires making inferences and understanding implicit meanings. Strategies include carefully reading and re-reading the text, identifying key ideas, and connecting them to prior knowledge and experiences.Organization and Structure: Understanding theorganization and structure of a text is crucial.Identifying main ideas, supporting points, and the flow of information helps readers navigate complex texts more effectively.Critical Thinking and Analysis: Reading comprehension goes beyond literal understanding to include critical thinking and analysis. Readers need to evaluatethe information presented, identify biases, and draw conclusions based on their reading.Sociocultural Factors:Cultural Background: Readers' cultural backgrounds and experiences can influence their interpretation of texts. Understanding the cultural context of the text can enhance comprehension and reduce misunderstandings.Purpose and Audience: Readers need to consider the purpose of a text and the intended audience. Matching their reading strategies with the text's purpose can improve comprehension.中文回答：英语阅读困难。

英语周报8年度级上册第一单元

目录
01
Unit Overview and Learning Objectives
Unit Theme and Background Introduction
Theme
The unit revolves around the concept of "Changes and Challenges," focusing on personal growth, adaptability, and overcoming objectives
Phrase 1 Collaboration
Common Phrase Collaboration and Usage
01
Usage
02
Phrase 2
03
Collaboration
Common Phrase Collaboration and Usage
01
Usage
02
Phrase 3
03
Collaboration
Translation of key senses into target language (if applicable) aids in comprehension and allow students to compare and contrast language use
Reading comprehension question training
Background
Students are introduced to real life scenarios and stories that highlight the significance of change in one's life and how to positively address challenges

how_to_study_english

Fun Time
Back to the main
Why learn English ?
HOME
• Learning to speak English well may be the best thing you can do to improve your life. • That's right. Do you think it would be fun to have access to information that other people can't get? Talk and write letters to interesting people that others can't communicate with? Impress people around you whenever you opened your mouth? Make big jumps in your career, leaving others miles behind? • You can get all this if you speak English well.
Paragraph 1
HOME
1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.

《《金色笔记》阅读提示与背景材料》英文版

《《金色笔记》阅读提示与背景材料》英文版The reading prompt and background material for "The Gold Notebook" can greatly enhance the reader's understanding and appreciation of the text. 《《金色笔记》的阅读提示和背景材料可以极大地增进读者对文本的理解和欣赏。

These resources provide valuable context about the author, Doris Lessing, and the historical, social, and cultural influences that shaped the novel. 这些资源提供了有关作者多丽丝·莱辛以及塑造小说的历史、社会和文化影响的宝贵背景。

As a reader, it is important to engage with these materials to enrich the reading experience and gain deeper insights into the themes and characters. 作为读者，参与这些材料是很重要的，可以丰富阅读体验，从而深入了解小说的主题和人物。

The reading prompt offers questions and areas of exploration that guide readers in analyzing key themes, characters, and relationships within "The Gold Notebook." 阅读提示提供了问题和探索范围，指导读者分析《金色笔记》中的关键主题、人物和关系。

Cultural Background Knowledge and English Reading

English ReadingPan HuanhuanOutline1.Introduction2.The Influence of Cultural Background Knowledge on English Reading2.1The Influence of Linguistic Cultual Background Knowledge2.2The Influence of A uthor’s Background Knowledge2.3The Influence of Humane Background2.3.1Mode of Thinking2.3.2Territorial Culture2.3.3Religionary Culture3.Some Ways to Develop Cultural Background Knowledge3.1 Learning Cultural Differences in Contrast3.2 Edifing in Literary Works3.3 Appreciating Video Data4.ConclusionEnglish ReadingPan Huanhuan(School of Foreign Languages, Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Ji’an 343009, China)Surpervisor: Kang ShangzhenAbstract: English reading is an important part of learning English. To learn English well learners should improve English reading ability. However there are many factors which affect English reading, such as reading strategies and skills, the reader's emotion and psychology, cultural background knowledge, etc. Among them cultural background knowledge is the most important factor. Different cultural background can bring very big differences for us tounderstand the English reading content. To improve the ability of English reading comprehesion English learners should broaden their cultural background knowledge, understand the differences between Chinese and western culture so as to better understand the articles.This thesis analyses the influence of developing cultural background knowledge on English reading from these three aspects: the language itself, the author’s background and humane background. Besides, the thesis also gives English learners some ways to accumulate the cultural background knowledge.Keywords: Cultural background knowledge, English reading, Influence文化背景知识对英语阅读的影响潘欢欢（中国江西吉安，343009，井冈山大学外国语学院）指导老师：康尚珍摘要：英语阅读是学习英语的一个重要部分，提高英语阅读能力有助于学好英语。

高中新教材英语课件选择性必修第四册LaunchingYourCareerSectionⅠReadin

Analysis of key vocabulary, phrases, and sentence structures
1
Key vocabulary
2
Phrases
3
Sentence patterns
career planning, self-awareness, job exploration, professional qualities, skills development, etc.
03
Imparting knowledge and skills in career planning
Discussion on the Basic Principles and Methods of Career Planning
1 Understanding oneself
Through self-assessment, understanding one's interests, values, skills, and strengths provides a foundation for career planning.
Teaching methods
Utilize modern teaching methods such as multimedia courseware and online resources to create vivid teaching scenarios and stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning. At the same time, encourage students to use their extracurricular time to expand their reading and practical activities, and improve their English application ability.

大学英语阅读教程课件ppt课件ppt

Understanding sentence structure
Mastering basic sentence structures (such as subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial, etc.) is key to understanding long and complex sentences. By analyzing sentence structure, one can better understand the meaning and logical relationship of a sentence.
Fill in the blank question
Provide a reading material and remove some keywords or phrases from it. Students are required to fill in the correct vocabulary or phrases based on the context.
Deep reading
Deep reading requires readers to have a deep understanding of the content and ideas of the article, and to conduct detailed analysis and reflection on the article. In deep reading, it is important to understand the author's intention and viewpoint, analyze the structure and logic of the article, and delve deeper into the connotation and significance of the article.

文献阅读方法-英文

Researching a Technique
What techniques have been used to approach a problem What is the power, variability and what are the limitations of a technique? How was a procedure done? Helpful Hints Focus on the methods and results sections Legends or supplemental info from journal website (Science) or miniprints
Focus on: Title, abstract: Look for key words, statements about uniqueness Data itself Discussion: Look for connections to your work
Keep a file on: interesting ideas to connect to your work; problems you would love to solve
Set aside time each week to read the scientific literature. Keep a record of the time you spend reading the literature. Reading must be active, not passive. Mark up the paper. Use different colored highlighters to emphasize different points. Use a standard set of abbreviations to draw your eye to points: VIP, ??, MP (major point). Take notes. Take a break when you lose concentration. Read with a critical perspective. Question what you read. Organize papers. Xerox paper boxes make free, good file containers. Discuss what you read with others. Study group, journal club with common interest, lab group. Divide and conquer; share info.

影响阅读的因素英语作文

影响阅读的因素英语作文Factors Influencing Reading Comprehension.Reading is a complex cognitive process that involves decoding text, understanding the underlying meaning, and extracting relevant information. However, this process isnot always straightforward, as various factors caninfluence a person's reading comprehension. In this article, we will explore some of the key factors that impact reading comprehension and how they can be addressed to improve reading skills.1. Background Knowledge:One of the most significant factors influencing reading comprehension is the reader's background knowledge. Readers tend to understand texts better when they have prior knowledge about the subject matter. For example, a student with a strong understanding of physics will find it easierto comprehend a scientific article than someone withlimited knowledge in that field. Background knowledge helps readers make connections between new information and what they already know, thereby enhancing comprehension.2. Vocabulary:Vocabulary is another crucial factor. A rich vocabulary enables readers to understand a wider range of texts, as they are familiar with a greater number of words and phrases. Conversely, a limited vocabulary can阻碍理解，causing readers to struggle with unfamiliar terms or expressions. Building vocabulary through regular practice and exposure to new words is essential for improving reading comprehension.3. Reading Purpose:The purpose for which a text is read can significantly affect comprehension. For example, when reading for pleasure, readers may focus more on the story and emotional content, whereas when reading for academic purposes, they may pay closer attention to details, arguments, andevidence. Understanding the reading purpose helps readers prioritize information and focus on the relevant aspects of the text.4. Reading Skills:Reading skills, such as decoding, inferring, and analyzing, play a pivotal role in comprehension. Decoding skills enable readers to recognize and understand the individual words in a text. Inferring skills involve making connections between lines and understanding implied meanings. Analytical skills help readers break down complex texts, identify key ideas, and understand the author's intentions. Developing these skills through practice and explicit instruction can significantly improve reading comprehension.5. Emotional State:Readers' emotional states can also affect comprehension. When readers are engaged and interested in the topic, they are more likely to pay attention and understand the textbetter. Conversely, feelings of boredom, anxiety, orfatigue can lead to decreased comprehension. Creating a positive reading environment and encouraging readers to choose materials that interest them can help mitigate these emotional barriers.6. Text Complexity:The complexity of the text itself can influence comprehension. Factors such as sentence length, vocabulary difficulty, and the presence of technical jargon can affect how easily a reader understands a text. texts written in a clear, concise, and accessible style tend to be more comprehensible than those that are dense or overly technical.Writers can aim to use simple language, break up long sentences, and provide explanations for unfamiliar terms to enhance readability and comprehension.In conclusion, reading comprehension is influenced by a range of factors, including background knowledge, vocabulary, reading purpose, reading skills, emotional state, and text complexity. Understanding these factors andaddressing them through appropriate strategies can help improve reading comprehension. By fostering a positive reading environment, encouraging regular practice, and providing explicit instruction in reading skills, we can empower readers to extract more meaning and enjoyment from the texts they encounter.。

B5U2 Background Reading

B5U2 Background ReadingAEnglandThe country of England is where the English language developed. This language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the language used most on the Internet and for international trade.Buckingham Palace is the home of the royal family. It is in London, the capital city of England which is also called Britain, where a new queen or king is crowned. This special ceremony takes place at Westminster Abbey, a beautiful church. When Princess Diana married Prince Charles, they had a wedding ceremony at another church called Saint Paul’s Cathedral.Since London is the capital city, the Parliament Building is where government leaders do their business. On one end of this building is a clock tower. The large clock is called Big Ben.There are other famous towers in London. One is called the Tower Of London and it was used as a prison. Many famous people have been sent there, such as a wife of King Henry IV in the 16th century. Today it is a museum for tourists where you can visit to see instruments of torture. There is also a display of the Crown Jewels, a very valuable collection of diamonds, rubies and other stones of great beauty. Many are placed in crowns worn by the kings or queens long ago.The Tower Bridge has four towers. This bridge is over the Thames River. This river goes through the middle of London and past Windsor Castle, another home of the royal family. It is a very safe place in time of war.Another famous place is the town called Stratford on Avon. Stratford is the city name and the river Avon flows through this city, so it means Stratford is on the Avon River. It is the home of William Shakespeare, the best writer of plays. He wrote about 50 plays and they are still performed everywhere English is spoken.There are two famous universities in England. They are called Cambridge and Oxford. The school name is the same as the city name, so Cambridge University is in Cambridge, England.Oxford University is in Oxford.1. In time of war, the royal family will live at .A. Westminster AbbeyB. Windsor CastleC. Buckingham PalaceD. Saint Paul’s Cathedral2. Big Ben can be found in a tower atA. the Tower BridgeB. the Tower of LondonC. the Parliament BuildingD. Oxford3. Shakespeare wrote many plays. The river near his home is called .A. CambridgeB. the Thames RiverC. the Avon RiverD. the English SeaBScotland, Ireland, WalesThese three countries used to have their own government. Today they are part of Britain. However, they have kept their original language, which is called Gaelic. Many of their people can speak both English and Gaelic. The modern name for the Gaelic language in Ireland is Irish. In Scotland, it is Scottish and in Wales, it is Welsh. It is the same name as the people, for the Scottish people speak the Scottish language.In Scotland there is a castle and major city called Edinburgh. Often there is a performance by bagpipers, who are musicians playing traditional Scottish music on the bagpipes. The traditional clothing is a kilt, which is worn by men but looks like a woman’s skirt. It must be short, stopping at the knees, for these musicians must walk as they play.In one of their lakes which is called a loch, people believe they have seen a monster that looks very much like a Chinese dragon. The lake’s name is Ness so they call this creature the Loch Ness Monster.There is a world famous poet from Scotland. His name is Robert Burns and his poems are found in many English books for students.Ireland’s capital city is Dublin. It was here that Saint Patrick taught the Irish people about God. The people loved their teacher and when a church was built many years later, they called it Saint Patrick’s Church.In the town of Killarney, there is a Blarney Castle. It is said there is a magic stone there and whoever kisses this stone will be given the gift of eloquence. The United States President John F. Kennedy is descended((出身于) from the Irish Kennedy family. He had the gift of eloquence.Cardiff is the capital of Wales. Though this is a very small country, it has produced two well-known people. They are the poet Dylan Thomas and the actor Richard Burton.Ireland and Wales are both known for their love of music. Ireland has produced professional dancers who tour the world. Wales has strong singers in both men’s and women’s voices.1·Scottish bagpipers must march when they play so they wear .A. a kiltB. a skirtC. a dressD. short trousers2. If you kiss the Blarney Stone in Killarney, you will receive the gift of .A. humorB. intelligenceC. speaking wellD. wisdom3. The Loch Ness monster has been seen in .A. the oceanB. a riverC. the mountainsD. a lakeCKiltIn Europe, men do not usually wear skirts. But the Scottish national clothing for men is a kind of skirt. It is called a kilt. The Scottish like to be different. They are also proud of their country and its history, and they f eel that the kilt is part of that history. That’s why the men still wear kilts at traditional dance and on national holidays. They believe they are wearing the same clothes that Scottish men always used to wear.That’s what they believe. However, kilts a re not really so old. Before 1703, Scottish men wore a long shirt and blanket around their shoulders. These clothes got in the way when the men started to work in factories. So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt：the kilt. That’s how the first kilt was made.Then, in the late 1700s Scottish soldiers in the British Army began to wear kilts. One reason for this was national feelings: The Scottish soldiers wanted to be different from the English soldiers. The British Army probably had a different reason：A Scottish soldier in a kilt was always easy to find! The Scottish soldiers fought very hard and became famous. The kilt was part of the fame, and in the early 1800s men around Scotland began to wear kilts.These kilts had colorful stripes(条纹) going up and down and across. In the 1700s and early 1800s, the color of the stripes had no special meaning. Men sometimes owned kilts in several different colors. But later the colors became important to the Scottish families. By about 1850, most families had special colors for their kilts. For example, men from the Campbell family had kilts with green, yellow and blue stripes. Scottish people often believe that the colors of the kilts are part of their family history. In fact, each family just chose the color they liked best.This is not the story you will hear today if you are in Scotland. Most Scottish people still believe that kilts are as old as Scotland and that the colors are as old as the Scottish family. Sometimes feelings are stronger than facts!1. This text is mainly about ·A. soldier’s clothes in BritainB. the history of ScotlandC. Scottish kiltsD. Scottish families2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The English soldiers were the first to wear kilts.B. It was hard then to tell the Scottish soldiers from the English ones.C. Colors are not specially designed in the first kilts.D. The factory owner made the first kilt from long shirts to make his workers different from others.3. Scottish soldiers were dressed in kilts partly because of .A. the colorsB. the weatherC. national feelingsD. the design4. The colors of the kilts are .A. not part of the Scottish family historyB. older than the Scottish family historyC. for the Campbell family onlyD. mainly green, yellow and blue5. From the last paragraph we can infer that .A. the European people are full of strong feeling.B. there are no stories about kilts in Scotland today.C. the British like to do things not on facts.D. the Scottish prefer to keep their tradition rather than believe the fact.DBritish People ------ Sports LoversIt seems that the Englishman just cannot live without sports of some kind. A famous French humorist once said that this is because the English insist on behaving like children all their lives. Wherever you go in this country you will see both children and grown-ups knocking a ball about with a stick or something, as if in Britain men shall always remain boys and women girls! Still, it can never be bad to get exercise, can it?Taking all amateur(业余) and professional sports in Britain into consideration, there can be no doubt that football is at the top of the list. It is called soccer in the United States. The game originated in Britain and was played in the Middle Ages or even earlier, though as an organized game, or “association football”, it dates only from the beginning of the 19th century.The next is rugby, which is c alled “football” in the United States. It is a kind of foot ball played by two teams of fifteen players rather than eleven. In rugby, an oval-shaped ball is used which can be handled as well as kicked. It is a pretty rough game.In summer, cricket is the most popular sport. In fact, it has sometimes been called the English national game. Most foreigners find the game rather slow or even boring, but it enjoys great popularity among the British.Tennis rates high on the list, too. It was introduced into England from France in the 15th century, but it was from England that it spread to practically every country in the world.Table-tennis, or “ping-pong”, surely is not played on a great scale as in China or Japan. Basketball and volleyball were introduced into in during the late 19th century from America and are gaining popularity. Horse-back riding, swimming, rowing and golf all attract a lot of people.1. The main purpose of Paragraph 1 is to tell us that the English .A. are all sports loversB. behave like childrenC. like to kick a ball aroundD. can remain young all their lives2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about football and rugby?A. They differ in the shape of the ball.B. They are played by different numbers of players.C. They both can be handled.D. They both can be kicked.3. From the second and the third paragraph, we know that .A. Americans love football most of allB. British people love rugby most of allC. Americans and British people may call the same thing differentlyD. football originated in Britain in the 18th century4. The game that was never played in Britain until the late 19th century is .A. basketballB. tennisC. rugbyD. football5. What would be the best title for this passage?A. The Most Popular SportsB. The English SportsC. History of SportsD. Sports in BritainEElizabeth IThe birth of Elizabeth to Henry VIII’s second wife, Anne Boleyn, was awkward as Anne was pregnant with Henry’s child when they married. At that time in English history, the king could not divorce without the Roman Catholic Pope’s permission. Henry was married to his first wife Catherine who did not produce a son and after Elizabeth’s birth, Anne was killed.Henry decided to divorce Catherine to marry a younger wife to produce an heir. The pope refused, causing the king to declare himself the leader of the Church of England. He then married 6 wives in all and only one son survived. This son followed Henry as king with the name Edward VI.He was sick so his reign was only six years until his death. His half-sister Mary became queen for five years and she reassigned the pope as head of the English church. However, upon her death, Elizabeth became queen in 1558 and reigned for 45 years until 1603. She never married and was widely respected because she ruled without the help of a father, husband or son’s advice. She also returned the leadership of the church back to England with herself as the leader but she appointed an archbishop at the Canterbury Cathedral to take over all religious duties.She chose good officials and maintained good relationships with parliament. Mary’s widower was King Philip of Spain and he tried to get Elizabeth to marry him. However, she remained single throughout her reign so she is called the Virgin Queen.In 1588, Philip sent the powerful Spanish navy to fight England because Queen Elizabeth had aided the Netherlands when they were still a Spanish possession. England’s navy fought well against the famous Spanish Armada, which caused the world to recognize England as a new sea power.Due to Elizabeth’s long and e ssentially peaceful reign, the arts of England grew in great stature. It was the age of the plays of Shakespeare, and Marlow. Bacon and Spenser were writing great literature. The contributions of these great writers of literature caused the world to recognize the significance of British literature in the academic world.With the reign of Elizabeth who was sometimes called “Good Queen Bess”, England became strong in the military and academic fields. Elizabeth is still revered warmly by the English people.1. Elizabeth’s FATHER Henry VIII remarried often to gain____.A. the love of young womenB. political allianceC. religious freedomD. a son2. Philip, the king of Spain, was Elizabeth’s ____A. enemyB. friendC. brother-in-lawD. suitor3. British literature flourished when England was a ____A. peaceful countryB. profitable countryC. powerful countryD. religious country编印：屠小平2014/12/25 9个班。

关于阅读能力的英语作文120词

关于阅读能力的英语作文120词英文回答：Reading comprehension is a complex cognitive skill that involves understanding and interpreting written text. It requires the ability to decode words, comprehend sentences, and make inferences. Reading comprehension is essential for academic success and lifelong learning. There are many factors that contribute to reading comprehension, including:Vocabulary knowledge: The ability to recognize and understand words is essential for comprehension. Students who have a strong vocabulary are better able to understand the meaning of text.Background knowledge: Prior knowledge of the topic ofa text can help readers to understand and interpret it. Students who have background knowledge of a topic arebetter able to make inferences and draw conclusions.Cognitive skills: Reading comprehension requires a number of cognitive skills, including:Working memory: The ability to hold information in mind while reading.Attention: The ability to focus on the text and ignore distractions.Inference: The ability to draw conclusions based on evidence in the text.Metacognition: The ability to monitor one's own understanding and make adjustments as needed.中文回答：阅读理解是一种复杂的认知技能，需要理解和解释书面文本。

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OSU Department of Linguistics Spring2002W.Detmar Meurers LING795K(11390-7) Mon.+Wed.1100–1248 200Pomerene HallCorpora and Linguistic Knowledge(or:a rationalist perspective on corpora)The individual sessions1.Mon,1.April:Organizational meeting•Background reading:–Historical background:McEnery and Wilson(1996,ch.1)–Overview:Garside et al.(1997,ch1),McEnery and Wilson(1996,ch2)–Hands-on:Wolters(2002)2.Wed,3.April:Corpus annotation eﬀorts in T¨u bingen(Erhard Hinrichs)•Preparation for class:Hinrichs et al.(2002)3.Mon,8.April:On using corpora for theoretical linguistics(Detmar Meurers)•Preparation for class:Meurers(2002)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/meurers-4up.pdf4.Wed,10.April:Tokenization(Markus Dickinson)•Preparation for class:Grefenstette and Tapanainen(1994)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/tokenization-4up.pdf5.Mon,15.April:POS-tagging overview(Xiaofei Lu)•Preparation for class:Leech(1997);Brill(2000)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/tagging-overview-4up.pdf6.Wed,17.April:POS-tagging tagsets(Kyuchul Yoon)•Preparation for class:(Cloeren1999;Manning and Sch¨u tze1999,pp.139–145)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/tagsets-4up.ps7.Mon,22.April:POS-tagging technology(Anton Rytting)•Preparation for class:(Cloeren1999;Manning and Sch¨u tze1999,pp.139–145)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/rytting slides6.pdf8.Wed,24.April:—””—9.Mon,29.April:Morphological analysis(Mike Daniels)•Preparation for class:(Minnen et al.2001;Antworth1995)1•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/morphslides-4.pdf10.Wed,1.May:—””—11.Mon,6.May:Corpus encoding issues:From vertical format to XML(Stacey Bailey)•Preparation for class:–A Gentle Introduction to SGML./orgs/tei/sgml/teip3sg/ index.htmlSome background XML’s parent(of sorts),SGML.The details of deﬁningthings in SGML diﬀer some from the XML rules,but this introduction givessome idea of where XML is coming from.(Not to mention that notable ex-amples of corpora-such as the BNC-are marked up using SGML.)Feelfree to skim.–Flynn,P.The XML FAQ.http://www.ucc.ie/xml/A list of frequently asked questions and answers about eful forgeneral XML answers,but(while relevant)none of the questions are speciﬁcto corpora design and processing.–Ide,N.(2000).The XML Framework and its Implications for Corpus Access and Use./˜ide/papers/xml-lrec00.psA short(4-page)overview of speciﬁc XML features that are useful to corpusencoding.•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/xml-4up.pdf12.Wed,8.May:Sentence segmentation and shallow parsing(Wesley Davidson)•Preparation for class:(Palmer and Hearst1997)13.Mon,13.May:—””—14.Wed,15.May:Treebanks overview and the Penn treebank(Jason Casden)•Preparation for class:(Leech and Eyes1997;Marcus et al.1993,1994)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/casden-treebank-4up.pdf 15.Mon,20.May:Non-English treebanks:Chinese(Lei Xu)and brief comments onGerman(Detmar)•Preparation for class:(Skut et al.1997)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/xu-4up.pdf16.Wed,22.May:Querying a syntactically annotated corpus(Nathan Vaillette)•Preparation for class:(Pito1994;Rohde2001;Corley et al.2001;McKelvie2001;K¨o nig and Lezius2000)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/tq-slides-4up.pdf Mon,27.May:Memorial day17.Wed,29.May:Annotation error detection and correction,part1:POS tagging(Anna Feldman)2•Preparation for class:(van Halteren2000;Oliva2001;Hirakawa et al.2000;Eskin2000;M¨u ller and Ule2001)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/may29-4up.pdf18.Mon,3.June:Annotation error detection and correction,part2:Structural Anno-tation(Anna Feldman)•Preparation for class:(Brants and Skut1998;Hinrichs et al.2002)•Overheads:/˜dm/02/spring/795K/june3-4up.pdf19.Wed,5.June:Meta-discussion on the use of corpora for theoretical linguistics•Preparation for class:(Borsley2002;Borsley and Ingham2002;Bayer et al.1998;Meurers2002)Topics covered1.Tokenization(Manning and Sch¨u tze1999,pp.124–131;Grefenstette and Tapanainen1994;Grefenstette1999;Sproat et al.1996;Palmer1997,2000)2.Word level annotation:•part of speech(Leech1997;Brill2000)–taggers(Manning and Sch¨u tze1999,ch.9&10;Brants2000b)–tagsets∗Which and how many tags?(Elworthy1995;Brants1995;K¨u bler andWagner2000;Dienes and Oravecz2000;Tuﬁ¸s et al.2000;Teufel et al.1996)∗Tagsets for diﬀerent languages:e.g.,German(Thielen and Schiller1996),Hungarian(V´a radi and Oravecz1999),Slovene(Dˇz eroski et al.2000)∗tagset comparison:(Teufel1995;D´e jean2000;Atwell et al.1994,2000a,b)•morphological analysis:general(Trost not dated;Sproat2000),PC-Kimmo(Antworth1995),Morphix(German)(Finkler and Neumann1986,1989;Neu-mann et al.1997;Neumann and Mazzini1999),Morphy(German)(Lezius et al.1998),English(Minnen et al.2001)3.Background on corpus encoding issues:XML•(Brew2000)•/˜jeanc/corpus-linguistics/•/xml2001/materials.html•Collections of interesting resources:–/computing/routledge/simons/text.html–/ni2002-02-19-a.html•Encoding schemes:–TEI /TEI.html3–CES /CES/–TUSNELDA http://www.sfb441.uni-tuebingen.de/c1/tusnelda-guidelines.html–A Gentle Introduction to SGML./orgs/tei/sgml/teip3sg/ index.htmlSome background XML’s parent(of sorts),SGML.The details of deﬁningthings in SGML diﬀer some from the XML rules,but this introduction givessome idea of where XML is coming from.(Not to mention that notable ex-amples of corpora-such as the BNC-are marked up using SGML.)Feelfree to skim.–Flynn,P.The XML FAQ.http://www.ucc.ie/xml/A list of frequently asked questions and answers about eful forgeneral XML answers,but(while relevant)none of the questions are speciﬁcto corpora design and processing.–Ide,N.(2000).The XML Framework and its Implications for Corpus Access and Use./˜ide/papers/xml-lrec00.psA short(4-page)overview of speciﬁc XML features that are useful to corpusencoding.–The Cover Pages at /cover/sgml-xml.htmlA reference site for all things XML.–Simons,G.The Nature of Linguistic Data and the Requirements of a Com-puting Environment for Linguistic Research./computing/routledge/simons/text.html–The XML Speciﬁcation itself from W3C at /TR/REC-xml 4.Syntactic annotation:•shallow annotation–sentence boundary detection/clause identiﬁcation:∗(Palmer1994;Palmer and Hearst1997)∗CONLL-2001Shared Task(Tjong Kim Sang and D´e jean2001).Goodweb page with general information and on-line papers from workshopand beyond:http://lcg-www.uia.ac.be/conll2001/clauses/–chunking:∗CoNLL-2000Shared Task(Tjong Kim Sang and Buchholz2000).Goodweb page with general information and on-line papers from workshopand beyond:http://lcg-www.uia.ac.be/conll2000/chunking/∗(Abney1991,1996,1997;Skut and Brants1998;Hinrichs et al.2000c;M¨u ller and Ule2002)–topologicalﬁelds:(Braun1999;M¨u ller and Ule2001,2002;M¨u ller2002)•full syntactic annotation:treebanks–overview:(Leech and Eyes1997;Carstensen et al.2001)–diﬀerent treebanks∗Penn Treebank1,(Marcus et al.1993,1994)1/˜treebank/home.html4∗German(treatment of freer word order,good tools):NEGRA2(Skutet al.1997,1998;Brants et al.1999)and the annotate tool(http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/sfb378/negra-corpus/annotate.html),TIGER3,(Dipper et al.2001),Verbmobil(Stegmann et al.2000;Hinrichs et al.2000b,a)∗Chinese Treebanks(tokenization issues,etc.):The Penn Chinese Tree-bank Project(/ctb/)∗Prague Dependency Treebank(Hajiˇc ov´a et al.1998;B¨o hmov´a et al.1999;B¨o hmov´a et al.to appear)∗French(Abeill´e and Cl´e ment1999),Turkish(Oﬂazer et al.1999)–Querying a(structually annotated)corpus:(Pito1994;Rohde2001;Keller et al.1999;Corley et al.2001;McKelvie2001;K¨o nig and Lezius2000;Kallmeyer2000;Steiner2001;Brew1999)5.Annotation error detection and correction•POS tags:–(van Halteren2000)–detection using manually written rules and automatic/manual correction: (Oliva2001;Oliva and Petkeviˇc2001)–automatic correction after detection using∗“anomaly detection”of outliers:(Eskin2000)∗deep parser:(Hirakawa et al.2000)∗shallow parser/topol.ﬁelds:(M¨u ller and Ule2001)•structural annotation:(Brants and Skut1998;Brants2000a;Hinrichs et al.2002)e of corpora•discussion on use in theoretical lingusitics:(Meurers2002;Borsley2002;Borsleyand Ingham2002;Bayer et al.1998;Hoard1998)•some theoretical linguistic papers using corpus input:(Zamparelli1998;Ehrich2001)•quantitative issues:Kurz(2000)•acquiring lexical information(Lapata1999;Lapata et al.1999)•parser evaluation:(Carroll et al.1999)General and organizational things•Course email list:795k@•Course web page:/˜dm/2002/spring/795K/•Corpora and corpus annotation tools page:/˜dickinso/corpus.html •Oﬃce hours:Wednesdays,1415–1515in201a Oxley,or by appointment(dm@) 2http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/sfb378/negra-corpus/3http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/TIGER/5This is a research seminar,i.e.,each participant is expected to take an active role as a researcher.More concretely,each participant is expected toa)explore and present one of the topics:–research the topic,starting from provided references–present topic to class using overheads which are discussed with me during the oﬃce hours the week before–prepare and discuss a practical exercise for all participants;for example:ex-ploring the use of a particular tool or corpus,searching particular phenomena,ﬁnding tagging errors,...b)actively participate in the class discussion,the practical exercises,and the readingassignmentsc)prepare a short(10page)term paper using LaTeX which either–motivates and describes a theoretically relevant linguistic pattern,how it can be searched for,and what conclusions can be drawn from theﬁndings,or –describes own computational work creating or improving annotations,or–deals with another course related topic we can agree onTheﬁnished paper has to be turned in as a ps or pdfﬁle via email by July15(grad-uating seniors:June3).There will be no extensions after this date. 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