整车运输与零担运输

FTL（Full truck load ）整车包车运输LTL（Less Truck Load）零担运输
一、零担运输与整车运输的概念the concept of
在公路运输中，如果托运人一次托运货物在3t以上(含3t)，虽不足3t，但其性质、体积、形状需要一辆3t级以上得车运输均为整车运输，反之，为零担运输。

但值得注意的是，判断一批货物是零担货还是整车货的依据不完全取决于货物数量，体积或形状的大小，还应考虑货物的性质，货物价值对运费的负担能力等因素，对于特种货物(包括集装箱货物)，无论数量、体积、形状如何、承运人通常均不按零担货承运。

二、零担运输与整车运输业务运作的比较
无论是零担运输还是整车运输，其业务运作过程均由发送管理，在运管理，中转管理，交付管理四个方面构成。

但他们之间仍存在许多不同之处。

公路整车运输与零担运输业务运作对比表
对比项目整车运输零担运输
承运人责任期间装车/卸车货运站/货运站
是否进站存储否是
货源与组织特点货物品种单一，数量大，货价低，装卸
地点一般比较固定，运输组织相对简单
货源不确定，货物批量小，品种繁多，站
点分散，质高价贵，运输组织相对复杂
营运方式直达的不定期运输方式定线，定班期发运
运输时间长短相对较短相对较长
运输合同形式通常预先签订书面运输合同通常托运单或运单作为合同的证明
运输费用的构成与高低单位运费率一般较低，仓储、装卸等费
用分担，需在合同中约定
单位运费率一般较高，运费中往往包括仓
储、装卸等费用
In road transport, if the shipper for more than one consignment in 3t (including 3t), although less than 3t, but its nature, size, shape, need to get above a 3t car transport are the transport vehicle, on the contrary, for the LTL .
But it is worth noting that determine LTL shipment is based on goods or goods vehicle does not depend on the quantity of goods, size or shape of the size, should also consider the nature of the goods, the value of goods on the affordability of freight and other factors, for special cargo (including containerized cargo), regardless of the number, size, shape how the cargo carrier usually not by LTL carrier.
二、Operations the comparison Either LTL or vehicle transport, the process by sending their business management, transportation management, transit management, delivery management in four aspects constitute. But between them there are still many differences. Highway vehicle transportation and LTL operations Comparison Table
comparision item 整车运输零担运输
Responsibility of the
carrier Range
Loading / unloading Cargo terminal / cargo terminals
Storage 否是
Supply and organization characteristic Goods, a single species, the number of
large, low prices of goods, loading and
unloading locations tend to be more
fixed, relatively simple transport
organization
Supply uncertainty, small quantities of goods, a
wide variety of dispersed sites, high quality and
expensive, relatively complex transport
organization
Mode of operation Direct non-scheduled transportation Alignment, will be shipping schedule time of transport Relatively short relatively long
Form the contract of carriage Usually pre-sign a written contract of
carriage
Usually consignment note or waybill as proof of
the contract
The composition and level of transport costs Unit freight rates are generally lower,
storage, handling and other cost-sharing
is required in the contract
Units is generally higher freight rates, freight
often including storage, handling and other fees。