风电用碳刷及集电环分析
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Problem • uneven temperature • rotor failure
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 25
Position of pressure finger
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 29
Brush pressure
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Counter material Bronze and copper
Standard holder 200 – 250
Leg type holder 250 – 400
Page: 8
Too smooth surface
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 9
Surface roughness
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Rough surface
Graphite
Smooth Surface
Page: 23
Oil influence
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKwenku.baidu.com / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 24
Different brush length
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Phenomenon • Uneven brush wear
45
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 13
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 14
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Phenomenon • Ring attack on all 3 rings Problem • Low load • low temperature r (< 40°C)
Page: 6
Current density
Ungrooved steel rings
Grooved steel rings F brush grades Grooved steel rings E brush grades
200 – 250 max 30 m/s 130 – 160
200 – 220
250 – 400 -
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Graphite • stabilises friction • protects surface
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 10
Surface roughness
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Surface roughness Rz = 5 - 8 µm
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 17
Dust removal
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 18
Efficient cooling
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 7
Too smooth surface
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Phenomenon • Smooth surface Problem • No film formation • Friction coefficient • Brush vibration
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
12
[75] 15
[95] 4
opt. Continuous Current Density
A/cm² [A/in²] 15 – 20
[95 – 130] 25 – 30
[160 - 195] 10 – 12
max.
Short Term
Continuous Overload
Current Density
Page: 19
Brush sparking
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 20
Bad brush position
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 21
Page: 30
Brush wear rate
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Brush wear mm/1000h
12 10
8 6 4 2 0
0
10
20
30
40
Peripheral speed m/s
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 31
Too high Normal Akceptable
Brush
Water
Graphite
The film formation
depends on:
Graphite
Humidity Current density
Copperoxide CuO; Cu2O
Temperature
Surface state Ambient conditions
CopperOxide layer
Position of brush holder
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 22
Brush distance
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Max 2 mm
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 26
Oil influence for ligthning protection brushes
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 27
Humidity
wear
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
A/cm²
A/cm²
[A/in²]
[A/in²]
25
40
[160] 35
[260] 50
[225] 16
[320] 30
[25]
Resin Bonded
1
Graphite
[6]
[65 - 75] 6–8
[40 - 50]
[100] 10
[65]
[195] 14
[90]
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Carbon brushes for wind turbines
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 1
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
The Patina consists of
Copper oxides Water
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 15
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 16
Accumulation of brush dust Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Influence on film = influence brush performance
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 2
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Wind Power Generators
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 3
Ra = 0,8 - 1,2 µm
Not a mirror like finish but a mat finish
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 11
Tools
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 12
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Grade Group
Metal containing (30 – 75%) Metal containing (above 75%) Electrographite
Min. Continuous Current Density
A/cm² [A/in²]
Good performance
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 4
Good performance
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 5
Ring wear
unacceptable unacceptable
acceptable
3
8
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
ideal
acceptable
15 Absolute Humidity
Page: 28
25 g/m³air
Brush pressure
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 25
Position of pressure finger
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 29
Brush pressure
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Counter material Bronze and copper
Standard holder 200 – 250
Leg type holder 250 – 400
Page: 8
Too smooth surface
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 9
Surface roughness
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Rough surface
Graphite
Smooth Surface
Page: 23
Oil influence
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKwenku.baidu.com / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 24
Different brush length
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Phenomenon • Uneven brush wear
45
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 13
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 14
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Phenomenon • Ring attack on all 3 rings Problem • Low load • low temperature r (< 40°C)
Page: 6
Current density
Ungrooved steel rings
Grooved steel rings F brush grades Grooved steel rings E brush grades
200 – 250 max 30 m/s 130 – 160
200 – 220
250 – 400 -
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Graphite • stabilises friction • protects surface
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 10
Surface roughness
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Surface roughness Rz = 5 - 8 µm
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 17
Dust removal
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 18
Efficient cooling
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 7
Too smooth surface
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Phenomenon • Smooth surface Problem • No film formation • Friction coefficient • Brush vibration
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
12
[75] 15
[95] 4
opt. Continuous Current Density
A/cm² [A/in²] 15 – 20
[95 – 130] 25 – 30
[160 - 195] 10 – 12
max.
Short Term
Continuous Overload
Current Density
Page: 19
Brush sparking
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 20
Bad brush position
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 21
Page: 30
Brush wear rate
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Brush wear mm/1000h
12 10
8 6 4 2 0
0
10
20
30
40
Peripheral speed m/s
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 31
Too high Normal Akceptable
Brush
Water
Graphite
The film formation
depends on:
Graphite
Humidity Current density
Copperoxide CuO; Cu2O
Temperature
Surface state Ambient conditions
CopperOxide layer
Position of brush holder
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 22
Brush distance
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Max 2 mm
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 26
Oil influence for ligthning protection brushes
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 27
Humidity
wear
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
A/cm²
A/cm²
[A/in²]
[A/in²]
25
40
[160] 35
[260] 50
[225] 16
[320] 30
[25]
Resin Bonded
1
Graphite
[6]
[65 - 75] 6–8
[40 - 50]
[100] 10
[65]
[195] 14
[90]
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Carbon brushes for wind turbines
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 1
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
The Patina consists of
Copper oxides Water
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 15
Flash over
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 16
Accumulation of brush dust Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Influence on film = influence brush performance
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 2
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Wind Power Generators
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 3
Ra = 0,8 - 1,2 µm
Not a mirror like finish but a mat finish
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 11
Tools
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 12
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Grade Group
Metal containing (30 – 75%) Metal containing (above 75%) Electrographite
Min. Continuous Current Density
A/cm² [A/in²]
Good performance
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 4
Good performance
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
Page: 5
Ring wear
unacceptable unacceptable
acceptable
3
8
SKT / GB4 Brush problems
ideal
acceptable
15 Absolute Humidity
Page: 28
25 g/m³air
Brush pressure
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik