完整版初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
英语句子成分详解方法精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1)主语subject主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2)谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3)宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。
不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。
因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前Thecarisrunningfast.(名词)Wearestudents.(代词)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.(数词)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。
如:Heworksinafactory.(实义动词)Ifeltcold.(系动词+表语)HowcanIgettothestation?(情态动词+实义动词)DoyouspeakEnglish?(助动词+实义动词)Theyareworkinginafield.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。
如:Heisdoinghishomework.(名词)Theydidnothingthismorning.(代词)Shewantstogohome.(不定式)Weenjoyplayingfootball.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。
初中英语句子结构和句型分析及细致讲解

初中英语句子结构和句型分析及细致讲解初中英语句子结构和句型是学习英语的基础。
下面我将为你详细讲解,并配以丰富的例句,帮助你更好地理解。
初中英语句子结构及句型详解一、句子成分英语句子主要由以下成分组成:•主语(Subject):句子所陈述的主体,通常是名词或代词。
例:I like apples.(我喜欢苹果。
)•谓语(Predicate):表示主语的动作或状态,通常是动词。
例:She is reading a book.(她正在看书。
)•宾语(Object):动作的承受者,通常是名词或代词。
例:He bought a car.(他买了一辆车。
)•定语(Adjective):修饰名词或代词,表示其性质或特征。
例:This is a beautiful flower.(这是一朵美丽的花。
)•状语(Adverb):修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示时间、地点、方式等。
例:He runs very fast.(他跑得很快。
)•补语(Complement):补充说明主语或宾语的状态或特征。
例:They made him happy.(他们使他高兴。
)二、句子种类根据句子结构和意义,英语句子可分为以下几类:•简单句(Simple Sentence):只有一个主谓结构的句子。
例:I like English.(我喜欢英语。
)•并列句(Compound Sentence):由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词(and, but, or等)连接而成。
例:I like apples, and she likes bananas.(我喜欢苹果,她喜欢香蕉。
)•复合句(Complex Sentence):由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。
例:When I go home, I will do my homework.(当我回家时,我将做作业。
)三、句子类型•陈述句(Declarative Sentence):用来陈述事实或观点。
例:He is a student.(他是一个学生。
(完整)初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分讲解一概述:句子成分概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
主语:表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物,一般由名词、代词或不定式,V-ing和从句充当。
谓语:说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样。
由动词充当,主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
谓语动词存在多种时态,它是句子的核心。
表语:说明主语是说明或怎么样,由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。
宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
定语:用来修饰名词或代词。
由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。
单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。
状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。
通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。
(若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语,常见的4个的顺序为:方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。
)Eg.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday二详解1.主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。
1).名词例如:A moon cake is a delicious, round cake.The first truck is carrying a few baskets.The temperature will stay above zero.The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.China does not want to copy the USA’s example.2).代词例如:It’s a young forest.I don’t know if it will grow.That’s a bit expensive.You’d better buy a new pair.I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes.3).数词例如:One and two is three.One is not enough for me. I want one more.One of them is English.Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.Two will be enough.4).不定式(常以It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现)例如:To give is better than to receive =Its better to give.I found it difficult to get to sleep.It’s glad to see you again.It was difficult to see.But it’s good to swim in summer.5).动名词Swimming is interesting.Reading books is good for us.6).名词化的形容词做主语The blind need more help.7).句子作主语What he has said is true.8).It作主语,有如下情况:1)指代刚刚提到的事物:What’s this ? It’s a bus. (指代what)2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代who) Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代who)3) 表示时间,天气,距离:What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (时间)What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天气)How far is it? It’s about one kilometer away. (距离)6.there 引起的There be 句型中,be 作谓语,主语位居其后。
(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型

句子的成分句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。
句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写,结尾要有句号“.”,问号“?”或感叹号“!”。
1 句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。
表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分:1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
His Parents are doctors. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)She looks well.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)We have finished reading the book. (助动词和实义动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)3 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。
它的位置在系动词后面。
You look younger than before.(形容词作表语)I am a teacher.(名词作表语)Everybody is here.(副词作表语)They are at home now.(介词短语作表语)My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语)4 宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。
第十五章句子的成分(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十五章句子的成分思维导图知识梳理一、句子成分概说句子的各个组成部分,叫做句子成分.英语的句子成分有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等.此外有些句子还带有呼唤语、感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子的其他成分不发生关系,叫做独立成分.句子的成分一般由实词担任.实词有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词和副词.虚词在句子中只起辅助和联系作用,不能做句子成分.虚词有冠词、介词、连词、助动词等.二、句子成分(一)主语主语是一句话的主题,是说话人要说明的对象,表示所谈的是“谁”或是“什么”.主语一般在谓语之前.英语里可担任主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、-ing分词(短语)、从句等.Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都.(名词作主语)They have lived in Beijing since 2019.自2019年以来,他们就住在北京.(代词作主语)Ten is a very important number.10是一个重要数字.(数词作主语)The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. 富者愈富,贫者愈贫.(名词化的形容词作主语) To read in the sun is bad for your eyes.太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好.(不定式“短语”作主语)Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害.(-ing分词作主语)Whenever you are ready will be fine.你不论什么时候准备好都行.(从句作主语)(二)谓语1.概说谓语是说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”.谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词.动词常分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面要带宾语.通常情况下,谓语位于主语之后.谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致.谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分.(1)简单谓语.简单谓语由一个动词或短语动词构成.它有时态、语态、语气等.She likes drawing.她喜欢画画.I had finished my homework before 9 o'clock.在9点前我已完成我的家庭作业.(2)复合谓语.①由“连系动词+表语”构成复合谓语.The game is very boring.这场比赛真没劲.②由“情态动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语.She can swim very fast.她游泳游得很快.2.谓语和主语的一致一个句子的谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,规则如下:(1)主语是单数必须跟单数形式的动词,主语是复数必须跟复数形式的动词.He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友.(2)两个或两个以上的单数名词由and连接起来作并列主语时,谓语动词用复数.You,he and I arr all students.我、你和他都是学生.He and I like green tea.我和他都喜欢绿茶.点拨(1)用and连接的两个名词如果表示一个整体,谓语动词仍用单数形式.Bacon and eggs was served.火腿和蛋端了上来.Fork and knife was used instead of chopsticks.用刀叉而不是用筷子.(2)有every或each修饰的单数名词并列时,谓语动词用单数形式.第二个every或each可省略.Every hour and(every)minute is important.每一小时,每一分钟都很重要.Each man and(each)woman has a seat.每位男士和女士都就座了.(3)主语是单数,后面有其他干扰的成分如with,together with,along with,aswell as,no less than,like,but,except等短语时,仍和单数形式的谓语动词连用.The teacher,as well as the pupils,is doing morning exercises.老师和学生在做早操.A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital.一个妇女抱着一个婴儿正向医院走来.(4)当两个主语由or,either...or,neither...nor或not only...but also等连接时,谓语动词应和最邻近的主语一致.His parents or his sister often helps him.要么是他父母要么是他姐姐(妹妹)常帮助他.Either Tim or hs brothers have to tidy the room.不是蒂姆,就得是他的兄弟们去打扫房间.Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer.老师和学生都不知道答案.Not only the pupils but also the teacher is going to the cinema.不但学生们,而且连老师也要去看电影.(5)有些集体名词,如:people,police,youth,cattle等用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.The police are looking for the missing child.警察在寻找失踪的儿童.People standing there are talking about the bad news.站在那边的人正在议论那个坏消息.Catle arr also kept.还养牛.点拨但people作“民族”解时,作单数用.The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族.(6)有些名词以“s”结尾,但却是单数.如:news,physics,maths,politics等.所以谓语动词应用单数形式.What's the news?这消息是什么?Physics is not very easy to learn.物理不很容易学.Maths is not easy to learn.数学不容易学.(7)在由here和there引起的句子中,如有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词通常和最邻近be的那个名词一致.Here are some envelopes and paper for you.这儿有几个信封和纸给你.There is a pen and three books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔,三本书.(8)集体名词作主语时,如作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如作为个体看待,则用复数.这类集体名词有audience(观众,听众),class(班级),committee(委员会),couple(夫妇),family(家庭),government(政府),group(小组),team(队),army(部队)等.My family is a small one.我的家庭是个小家庭.My family are listening to the radio.我家里人正在听广播.(9)each和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词,在意义上属于单数.它们作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.Each day is better than the one before.一天比一天好.Every student must be here on time.每个学生必须按时到这里来.(10)Chinese,French,English,Japanese等名词作主语表示语言时,用单数动词;表示人时,用复数动词.English is spoken in many countries.许许多国家讲英语.The Chinese are very friendly.中国人很友好.(11)表示时间、重量、价值、长度、距离等的复数名词作主语时,把它视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式.Fifty years is not a short period.50年并不是一个短时期.Twenty miles is a long way to walk.走二十英里路可是很长的一段路程.(12)a number of与the number of作主语.“a number of+复数可数名词”表示“一些”“许多”的意思,谓语动词用复数;“t he number of+复数可数名词”表示“······的数目、数量”,谓语动词用单数.A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆丢了许多书.The number of workers in this factory is increasing.这家工厂的工人数目正在增加.(三)表语是指跟在连系动词be,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell,become等词后面的词语或从句,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态.由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、-ing分词、过去分词(短语)、从句等充当.You are a student.I am a student,too.你是学生,我也是学生.(名词作表语)-Who is it?是谁呀?-It's me/I.是我.(代词作表语)当人称代词作表语时,在口语中常用宾格,在正式文体中用主格.The girl is quite pretty.这个姑娘长得相当漂亮.(形容词作表语)Five plus seven is twelve.5加7是12.(数词作表语)The meeting is over.会议结束了.(副词作表语)My books are on the desk.我的书在书桌上.(介词短语作表语)My wish is to be an artist.我的愿望是成为一名艺术家.(动词不定式短语作表语)What he likes is reading novels.他的喜好是读小说.(-ing分词短语作表语)Are you excited about your new job?你对你的新工作感到高兴吗?(过去分词作表语)The question is what we should do first.问题是我们先干什么.(从句作表语)(四)宾语1.直接宾语宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者,用在及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词之后.可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、名词化的形容词、-ing分词(短语)、从句等.(1)名词作宾语.She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴.Please open the door.请把门打开.(2)代词作宾语.She often helps us with our study.她常常帮助我们学习.We should keep these in mind.我们应该记住这些.(3)数词作宾语.I can give two.我可以给两个.I like the first.我喜欢第一个.(4)不定式(短语)作宾语.He tried to catch up with his dassmates.他设法赶上他的同学.I hate to sing.我不喜欢唱歌.(5)名词化的形容词作宾语.We should respect the old.我们应尊敬老人.The scientists may find out the unknown.科学家们可以发现未知的事物.(6)-ing分词(短语)作宾语.Return the book to the library as soon as you finish reading it.你一看完这本书就还回图书馆.He enjoys wvatching TV plays.他喜欢看电视剧.(7)从句作宾语.She said that she was busy.她说她很忙.The mother asked how her daughter was.母亲问她的女儿身体如何.2.间接宾语在英语中,有些及物动词,如bring,give,send,show,tell,teach,lend,pass等,可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫做间接宾语,指物的叫做直接宾语,间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.Can you give me any information on this matter?你能给我提供这些事的任何信息吗?Write me a letter every month,please.请每月给我写封信.Please make her a model plane.请给她做个飞机模型.有时,也可以在间接宾语之前加介词to或for,构成介词短语,并把这个短语放在直接宾语之后.Mother bought the handkerchieffor you, not for me.母亲是给你,而不是给我买的手帕.I took it to the policeman on duty.我把它交给了值勤的警察.(五)定语定语是修饰名词或代词的.定语有前置定语和后置定语之分.一般来说,形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格等作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前作前置定语;而副词、介词短语、不定式短语、-ing分词短语、-ed分词短语、从句作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之后作后置定语.He said he had an important meeting to attend.他说他有一个重要会议要出席.(形容词作前置定语)This is my friend,Li Da.这是我的朋友,李达.(代词作前置定语)When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.我坐下后第4个人又起来发言.(数词作前置定语)We should follow the doctor's advice.我们应该听医生的嘱咐.(名词所有格作前置定语)Who is the man over there?那边的男人是谁?(副词作后置定语)A college in London had agreed to take me.最后伦敦的一所院校同意接受我.(介词短语作后置定语)Can you give me some work to do?你能给我些活儿干吗?(不定式短语作后置定语)Who is the boy dancing over there?在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?(-ing分词短语作后置定语)There is a little difference between written English and spoken English.书面英语和口头英语有些不同.(过去分词词组作后置定语)I hate to see letters written in pencil.我讨厌看用铅笔写的信.(-ed分词短语作后置定语)The car that's parked outside is mine.停在外面的汽车是我的.(限制性从句作后置定语)Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.我在外面看见你的汽车了,它被另一辆车撞了.(非限制性从句作后置定语)(六)状语1.状语的表现形式状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分.可用作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、-ing分词、从句等.This is even better than that.这个比那个更好.(副词作状语)The coat costs 40 dollars.这件上衣值40美元.(名词作状语)She will arrive on Monday.她将于星期一到达.(介词短语作状语)To kill bugs,spray the area regularly.为了杀死臭虫,这地方要经常喷洒.(不定式作状语)They entered the room,talking and laughing.他们又说又笑地走进房间.(-ing分词作状语)She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她一直独自生活.(从句作状语)2.状语的分类状语按照内容可以分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、程度状语、频度状语、伴随状语.What were you doing at ten last night?昨晚十点钟你在干什么?(时间状语)I met Professor Wu at the library.我在图书馆遇见了吴教授.(地点状语)Having no money,he could not buy the TV set.因为没有钱,他不能买电视机.(原因状语)In order to get into a good school, he studies hard day and night.为了考入一个好的学校,他夜以继日地苦读.(目的状语)The wind blew with such force that people could harly stand up against it.风很大,人们几乎站不住.(结果状语)I can't do it without your help.没有你的帮助,我做不成这件事.(条件状语)Whatever/No matter what I said,he refused to go.不论我说什么他都不愿走.(让步状语)He knew the country around as he knewv his own house.他了解那儿的乡村一如他了解自己的房舍.(方式状语)They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早餐,谈论着旅行计划.(伴随状语)We are very busy.我们很忙.(程度状语)作频度状语的副词always,often,usually,seldom,ever,never等一般放在实义动词之前,连系动词之后.They can hardly stay at home alone.他们几乎不单独在家.(频度状语)They are always late for school.他们总是上学迟到.(频度状语)(七)宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词,除了要有一个直接宾语外,还要带上宾语补足语,句子的意思才能完整.宾语和宾语补足语(简称宾补)一起构成复合宾语,二者之间有逻辑上的主谓关系.可以作宾补的有形容词、副词、名词、不定式(短语)、-ing分词(短语)、-ed分词(短语)、介词短语等.I made the room beautiful.我把房子拾掇得漂漂亮亮的.(形容词作宾语补足语)Keep the lights on while you are out.你不在家时,请让灯开着.(副词作宾语补足语)They named the child John.他们给孩子取名约翰.(名词作宾语补足语)What do you want me to do?你希望我为你做些什么事?(不定式短语作宾语补足语)I saw him coming last night.我昨天晚上看见他来了.(-ing分词“短语”作宾语补足语)I had my watch mended in town.我在城里修的表.(叫别人修的表)(-ed分词“短语”作宾语补足语)You should put your things in order.你应该把你的东西摆整齐.(介词短语作宾语补足语)三、独立成分(一)呼唤语称呼人的用语,称为呼语.它可位于句首,也可位于句末或句中.Hurry up,children! or we'll be late.赶快吧,孩子们!否则我们要迟到了.Shylock,how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?夏洛克,如果你不宽恕别人,你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢?(二)感叹语感叹语表示喜怒哀乐等感情.它多位于句首,也可放在句中或句末.常用作感叹语的感叹词有:hello,oh,well,why,alas,ch等.Here!Don'tcry!好了!别哭了!Oh,what a beautiful garden this is!啊!这是多么美丽的花园!Well,well.Here's Jack.啊唷,杰克来了.Why,it is past noon.哎呀,已经过中午了.Ah!I have never heard of such things before!啊!我以前从未听说过这种事情!点拨(1)其他词类的词也可用作感叹词,表示突然的情绪.Fire! Fire! Water! Quick! The house is on fire.着火了!着火了!水!快!房子着火了!(2)yes和no在句子里也是一种独立成分.-Do yo know Tom?你认识汤姆吗?-Yes,I do是的,我认识.(三)插入语在叙事中途往往插入一些词语,对一句话作一些附加的解释.这类词语称为插入语.它可位于句首,句中或句尾.常用的插入语有:Ithink我想,I believe我相信,I suppose 我猜想,I must admit我必须承认,in my opinion 依我看,as far as I know 据我所知,as...is concerned 就······来说,to tell you the truth 说真的,to be frank 坦率地说,in other words 换句话说,after all毕竟,of course 当然,if you don't mind 如果你不介意的话,if I may say so 如果我可以这样说的话,等.By the way,do you know the young man's name?顺便问一下,你知道那个年轻人的名字吗?That's the cheapest suit we have,I'm afraid.恐怕那是我们最便宜的西服了.I say,let's go out for a drive next Sunday.我说,咱们下星期天开车出去兜兜风吧.To be frank, I don't think you are right.坦率地说,我认为你是错的.The cross-talk,I think,was both interesting and instructive.那个相声,我觉得既有趣又能教育人.Honestly,that is all the money I have.老实说,我所有的钱就是这些.好题精练一、从下列对话中划出独立成分1.Wife:First,we need money; second,we need another baby.Husband: Sad to say,I can't trust a woman any more.2.Tom:Fire!Be quick!Bob:Nonsense(胡说)!Tom,you are dreaming!Father:Silence! Mother is sleeping. Tom: No,mother is fighting the fire!Father: Oh, my poor Tom,what a dream you've got!答案:1.First;second; Sad to say2.Fire; Nonsense; Silence; No;Oh二、用动词的适当形式填空1.His family_________ (is,are) a happy one.2.The United States_________ (are,is) to the south of Canada.3.Fifty miles_________ (is,are)a long way to walk.4.Everyone_________ (think,thinks) they are right.5.Here_________ (is,are) the news.6.John andI_________ (work,works)together.7.There_________ (is,are) five pupils in the room.8.My class_________ (are,is)going to the park.9.French_________ (are,is) spoken in many countries.10.Neither James nor Tom_________ (was,were)at home.答案:1.is2.is3.is4.thinks5.is6.work7.are8.are9.is 10.was三、翻译下列句子1.我母亲是一位医生.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _2.天空变得越来越暗了.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _3.我们要使学校变得更美丽.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _4.我发觉那本书很有趣.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _5.别再弄出噪音了.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _6.你吃过午饭了吗?___________________________________________________________________________________________ _7.她给我买了一本词典.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _8.请递给我那张纸.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _答案:1.My mother is a doctor.2.The sky is becoming darker and darker.3.We'll make our school more beautiful.4.I find the book very interesting.5.Stop making a noise.6.Have you had lunch yet?7.She bought me a dictionary/ She bought a dictionary for me.8.Please pass me the paper.。
初中英语句子结构和句子成分解析

英语句子成分和句子结构一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法(一)、主语主语是全句谈论的中心话题。
我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。
这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。
主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。
所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。
另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。
1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语)2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语)3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语)4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语)5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语)6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway.(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)请指出下列句中主语的中心词。
1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.2. There is a bird flying in the sky.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help.(二)、谓语在明确了主语后,我们再来说谓语。
(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析

今天我们来学习句子的成分。
英语中造句是需要条件的:1,一个句子由什么部一、主语。
(主语就是一句话主要叙述的对象,或者这句话主要讲的内容。
这句话主要讲“什么”,这个“什么”就是主语)★我们先用中文来解释:我是中国人。
这句话主要讲的是“我”,而不是“中国人”,所以“我”是主语。
英语很难学。
这句话主要讲的是“英语”,而不是“学英语”,所以“英语”是主语。
★现在来看英文的:I am a teacher. 主要讲的是“I”,而不是“teacher”,所以“I”是主语。
Chinese is hard. 主要讲的是“Chinese,而不是“hard”,所以“Chinese”是主语。
★明白什么是主语后,我们就要了解什么词语可以构成主语。
一般来说,能够做主语的词语有:名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语①名词名词都可以做主语。
我们先了解一下什么叫名词。
名词就是世间万物的名称。
世间万物不管看得见,还是看不见都有一个名称。
比较自己的名称,就是人名。
你叫xxx,xxx就是你的名字。
所以xxx就是一个名词。
地方的名称,就是地名。
地名也是名词。
比如:China、Wuxi等等。
我们生活中,所有看得见的物品,比如说:电脑computer,书book,房子house,钢笔pen,等等,都是名词。
看不见的也是,比如:空气air ,风wind,声音voice 等等。
凡是名词都可以做主语,看下面的列子:Xxx is a student. 主要讲xxx ,所以xxx是主语。
The book is expensive. Book是名词,主要讲the book,所以book 是主语。
English is easy.China is very large.The coat is beautiful.②人称代词/指示代词代词就是为了避免重复而代替名词的词语。
生活中使用代词的频率非常高。
因为我们不能老是重复相同名词。
比如,我们不会说:"Nick is a teacher. Nick is from Wuxi. Nick teaches English ."连续用了3个名词Nick,这样就很啰嗦、很重复。
初中英语句子结构句子成分讲解

句子类型
简单句
并列句
复合句
Ⅰ.简单句
1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We don’t beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.
常用的关联词有:as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等
常用的关联词有:where, wherever, anywhere 原因状语从句 常用的关联词有:because, as, since
The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
I want a ticket.
,动词不定式,动名词 或从句
名词,主格代词
动词
3) 宾语(object)
表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。
He won the game. On the desk
6) 条件状语从句
Hale Waihona Puke 8) 方式状语从句程度状语从句 常用的关联词有:as, as if, as though, how 常用的关联词有:so, so that, as far as, so long as He did just as you told him. So long as you need me, I’ll stay.
(完整版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。
主要成分:主语和谓语句子的成分次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等(一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词)We often speak English in class. (代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式) (二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如:I like apples. ( 动词)He practices running every morning. (动词短语)2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;例如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由(系动词+表语)构成。
英语句子成分及结构解析精选全文完整版

My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)
The question is whether they will come(. 表语从句)
keep, leave, sell, show等。
(五).补语
补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语 的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子 成分叫做主语补语(subject complement), 补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语 (object complement).
对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. (副词) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
(四).宾语
1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two.(数词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday.
八年级上册英语句子成分讲解

八年级上册英语句子成分讲解
以下是八年级上册英语中句子成分的讲解:
1. 主语:句子中的主要人物或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句子的开始位置。
例如:“I love English.”(我爱英语。
)中的“I”就是主语。
2. 谓语:描述主语的动作或状态的词语,通常放在主语之后。
例如:“I love English.”(我爱英语。
)中的“love”就是谓语。
3. 宾语:句子中接受动作或行为的对象,位于句子的末尾。
例如:“I read
a book.”(我读了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4. 状语:修饰动词、形容词或副词的词语,表示时间、地点、方式等。
例如:“I usually go to school by bus.”(我通常乘公交车上学。
)中的“usually”和“by bus”就是状语。
5. 定语:修饰名词的词语,可以描述名词的性质、特征或所属关系等。
例如:“She is a beautiful girl.”(她是一个漂亮的女孩。
)中的“beautiful”
就是定语。
以上是句子成分的基本讲解,想要更好地掌握这些知识,需要通过大量的练习和阅读来加深理解和运用。
英语句子成分分析(最完整版)

英语句子成分分析(最完整版)一、主语主语是英语句子的核心成分,它表示句子所说的是谁或什么。
主语通常由名词、代词、名词短语或动名词等充当。
例如:1. The cat is sleeping on the sofa.(猫正在沙发上睡觉。
)在这个句子中,"The cat"是主语,表示句子谈论的是猫。
2. They are playing basketball.(他们正在打篮球。
)这里,"They"作为主语,指代了一群人。
二、谓语谓语是句子中表示动作、状态或存在意义的词或词组。
谓语通常由动词或动词短语构成。
例如:1. She reads a book every day.(她每天读一本书。
)在这个句子中,"reads"是谓语,表示主语"她"的动作。
2. The flowers are blooming.(花儿正在绽放。
)这里,"are blooming"作为谓语,描述了主语"The flowers"的状态。
三、宾语宾语是接受动作的对象,分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语表示动作的承受者,而间接宾语表示动作的方向或受益者。
例如:1. I eat an apple.(我吃一个苹果。
)在这个句子中,"an apple"是直接宾语,表示动作"eat"的承受者。
2. She gave me a gift.(她给了我一个礼物。
)这里,"a gift"是直接宾语,表示动作"gave"的承受者;"me"是间接宾语,表示动作的方向。
四、表语表语用来补充说明主语的身份、特征或状态,通常位于系动词(如be、look、seem等)之后。
例如:1. He is a teacher.(他是一名教师。
)在这个句子中,"a teacher"是表语,说明主语"He"的身份。
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
英语句子由主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等成分组成。
下面是对各个成分的基本讲解:
1. 主语:句子中执行动作或者是动作的承受者。
它一般位于谓语的前面,回答“Who”或者“What”问题。
例如:Mary is a student.(Mary是主语)
2. 谓语:句子中表示动作、状态、行为的部分。
它通常由动词或者动词短语构成。
例如:He is running.(is running是谓语)
3. 宾语:句子中表示动作的承受者或者是动作的对象。
它一般位于动词的后面,回答“What”或者“Whom”问题。
例如:I have a dog.(a dog是宾语)
4. 定语:句子中修饰名词或者代词的成分。
它一般位于被修饰词的前面或者后面。
例如:The red car is mine.(red是定语)
5. 状语:句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等的成分。
它可以回答“How”,“When”,“Where”等问题。
例如:She sings beautifully.(beautifully是状语)
除了以上基本成分,英语句子还可以包含其他成分,如补语、主语补足语、双宾语、复合宾语等。
在句子成分的分析中,关键是理解各个成分的功能和作用,从而更准确地理解句子的意思。
成分详细解读

初中英语,句子成分详细解读,值得收藏人生底色看语文英语句子是英语语言运用的基本单位。
无论是中考还是高考,英语重点考查的是同学们的语言综合能力和对基础知识的运用。
而对英语句子成分的把握,是英语语言技能提升的关键。
所以这篇文章,一定要收藏!英语句子是由词和短语构成,根据词语在句子当中的地位和作用的不同,可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等不同的成分。
接下来就给大家作详细的解读。
1、主语主语就是由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、短语和句子来充当的,它是句子所要描述人或事物,通常来说位于句首。
如下面例句:大家需要注意的是,当不定式、动名词、从句等作主语的时候,为了避免头重脚轻的情况,通常在句首用it,作为形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
2、谓语谓语是用来陈述或说明主语的动作或状态,通常放在主语的后面,它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。
谓语还可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
所谓的简单谓语就是有一个动词或者是动词词组构成;复合短语呢?指的是由情态动词,助动词加不带to的动词不定式或者是由系动词加上表语构成的。
大家看下面例句:3、宾语宾语一般是由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和句子等来充当的,用来表示动作所涉及的对象,位于及物动词的后面。
宾语又可以分为三种形式,也就是单宾语、双宾语和复合宾语。
我们来看例句解析:大家需要知道的是,不定式、动名词、从句等作宾语而且后面跟着宾语的补足语时,我们通常用it作为形式宾语,而且把真正的宾语放在后面,例如:He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.这个句子里的it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是when and where引导的从句。
4、定语定语,通常是由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等来充当,用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
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初中英语句子成分分析与讲解英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。
不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。
因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动动词之前位于名词等充当.The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
动词充当。
动词分为实义2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。
如:He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
及物动词所涉及的对象什么谁。
如:问3.宾语:是He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。
这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。
如:He bought me a book.Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。
如:Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。
如:What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词))不定式We have something to do tomorrow.(The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。
5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。
. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。
如:He is old enough to go to school.6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。
如:They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。
“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。
如:We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)一.指出下列句中主语①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. busThere will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. ④.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B.twins C. have D. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is三. 挑出下列句中的宾语(若有直宾和间宾请标出)①My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D②People all over the world speak English.A B C③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C④My mom gives me 5 yuan.A B C D⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D四挑出下列句中的表语①The old man is feeling very happy.A B C②Why is he worried about Jim?A B C③The leaves turn yellow.A B C五. 挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C②What is your given name?A B C③On the third floor are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C六. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C②He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C③She found it difficult to do the work.A B C④They call me Lily sometimes.CB A⑤I see Mr. Wang get on the bus.七.首字母填空:要求首先判断句子成分后,再判断词性,再来填写单词。
I have many pen pals in many c 1 . Do you know the girl on the bike in the photo? Sheis one of my pen pals. H 2 name is Reiko. She is a J 3 student. We are the same a 4—13 years old. She l 5 in Tokyo. She has two brothers. They live with their p 6 .I like Reiko very much. But I don't know Japanese, and Reiko doesn't k 7 Chinese, either.We know English, so we write to each other in English. And we also t 8 on the phone. My favorite subject is math. Her favorite subject is music. We have the same h 9 . We both like s 10comedies, playing volleyball and eating hamburgers best.1. c2. H3. J4. a5. l6. p7. k8. t9. h 10. sDrop a coin into a glass placed upside d 1 and transform(变)a finger ring into an intact(未触动的)egg, under the close and watchful eyes of the studio audience(观众), leaving tens of thousands of viewers mesmerized(被吸引的)by his showmanship. This is one of the greatest performances at the 2009 CCTV Spring Festival gala. Almost everyone e 2 w 3 it verymuch. From then on, it t 4 magic(魔术)into a fad(时尚)among Chinese. Many people, including workers, engineers and many teenagers, become very i 5 in magic. They b 6 tolearn it by t 7 or p 8 much money for their training classes to learn it. “I'm happy to seethis enthusiasm(热情), says Liu Qian, who showed the magic at the gala, “Magic has never been as socially acceptable(接受的)as in China now.”Liu Qian comes from Taiwan. He was born on June 25th, 1976. He is a charming magician star with cool, short s 9 hair. He v 10 manyplaces in the world, shows his magic and wins many kinds of rewards(奖)of magic. He is considered as China's foremost magician of close-up magic. He also keeps his audience transfixed with his fit and never-ending jokes.1. d2. e3. w4. t5. I6. b7. t8. p9. s 10. v。