主语从句+表语从句+同位语从句

高中语法—主语从句+表语从句+同位语从句

❖讲解

●主语从句

一．定义：在句中起主语作用的从句

二．语序—陈述句语序

When will he come is not known. ×

→When he will come is not known

Whether can animals be well protected is of great importance.×

→Whether animals can be well protected is of great importance.

→陈述句语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

三．连接词

1.从属连词：that/whether

①that：没有意义，不作成分，不可省略

(that=口袋→把句子装起来）@3.10,25,28,30

②whether“是否”不可省略,不可用if代替---Whether they would support us was a problem.

（if“如果”有歧义）@4.5 ,31

2.连接代词

①who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever

②特定意义，不可省略

③在主语从句中做成分

What we need is water.---作宾语@29

Who will go makes no difference.---作主语@12，14,17,19，#4,12

Who he is remains uncertain.---作表语

Whose shirt it is remains unknown. ---作定语#16

*Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. ---无论是谁@18

*Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. ---@2

①when,why,how,where

②特定意义，不可省略

③作状语，表示时间，地点，原因，方式

When he will be back depends on the weather.---时间状语

Where the test will be given is not yet decided.---地点状语#14

Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.---原因状语#13

How this happened is not clear to anyone. ---方式状语

四．时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制

五．It作形式主语

1.结构it is...that...（无意义，不做成分）

①It is certain that she will do well in her exam. →It is+a.+that...

②It’s a pity that we can’t go.→It is+n.词组+that...(no wander难怪，an honor荣耀）@1，16,20

③It is said that Tiny Times is a good movie

→It is said,reported,suggested,well-known+that...@13#6

④It happened that I was out that day.

→ It + 特殊动词（seem似乎，happen碰巧doesn’t matter）+ that ...@6,7,8 2.It is+其他连接词（有意义，作成分）

It was a problem whether they would support us.

It is hard to understand why there is gravity.@11,15,#7

3.否定前移

It seems that they are not from the same university.

→It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university.

六．注意

1.主语从句中的连词---不能重叠使用

That whether he will help others is a fact.×

→That he will help others is a fact.

2.含主语从句的主句谓语动词---用单数第三人称形式

When he will come are a puzzle.×

→When he will come is a puzzle.@9,#2

3.what 引导的主语从句---根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式

①What he needs is that book.

②What he needs are some books.

●表语从句

That is what he is worried about.

一．定义：在句子中作表语的句子，be,look,seem,appear,sound,feel,remain+表语从句二．语序—陈述句语序

三．连接词=主语从句@19

1.seem,appear,look,sound,feel+as if/as though“好像...”

①It looked as f it was going to rain.

②It sounds as though someone is knocking at the door.

2.The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way.

He came late. That’s because his car broke down.

His car broke down on the half way. That’s why he came late.

四．时态：与主句无关

●同位语从句

The fact （名词）that he is older than me is obvious.

一．定义:解释说明某一名词的内容和实质的从句=该名词(fact,idea,news,promise)

I have no idea who will be our teacher.

The question why the actress was killed is not clear.

二．语序—陈述句语序

三．连接词=主语从句，都不能省略#3

四．时态：与主句无关