英国历史大事记

Early Settlers （史前时期）

Iberians, 3000 BC

What is this: Stonehenge

It is a group of standing stones on Salisbury Plain(索尔兹伯里平原) in southern England. Dating to c. 2000-1800 B.C., the big stones are enclosed by a circular ditch and embankment that may date to c.(abbr，大约) 2800. The arrangement of the stones suggests that it was used as a religious center and also as an astronomical observatory(天文台).

Beaker Folk, 2000 BC 宽口陶器人

Celts, 700 BC

Celtic languages: Irish, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic

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Roman Britain (55BC-AD 410) （罗马人统治时期）

J. Caesar invaded for the first time in 55 BC.

The successful invasion by Claudius, AD 43.

Queen Boadicea rebelled in AD 61.

The Roman built the Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall, and they also brought Christianity to Britain.

The Anglo-Saxons （盎格鲁-撒克逊时期）

Heptarchy, 449-828

Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in 597.

Egbert became the first king of England in 829.

Viking and Dane attacked England from the 8th century.

Canute, the Danish leader, became king of England in 1016.

House of Normandy （诺曼底时期）

William, 1066-1087

Norman Conquest, 1066

视频：The History of English in Ten Minutes

The Norman Conquest

Narrator:

1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror invades England, bringing new concepts from across the channel like the French language, the Doomsday book and the duty free Galois’s multipack.

French was de rigueur(礼节需要的)for all official business, with words like ‘judge’, ‘jury’, ‘evidence’ and ‘justice’ coming in and giving John Grisham’s career a kick-start. Latin was still used ad nauseam（令人作呕的）in Church, and the common man spoke English –able to communicate only by speaking more slowly and loudly until the others understood him.

Words like ‘cow’, ‘sheep’ and ‘swine’ c ome from the English-speaking farmers, while the a la carte versions - ‘beef’, ‘mutton’ and ‘pork’ - come from the French-speaking toffs – beginning a long running trend for restaurants having completely indecipherable menus.

All in all, the English absorbs about ten thousands new words from the Normans, but it still constructs the rules of cheek Kissing.

The bonhomie（温和，和蔼）all ended when the English nation took their new warlike lingo of ‘armies’, ‘navies’ and ‘soldiers’ and began the Hundred Years War against France. It actually lasted 116 years but by that point no one could count any higher in French and English took over as the language of power.

Doomsday Book(末日审判书：1085～1086年英王威廉一世钦定英国土地调查清册) was completed in 1086. Do you know the name of the book?

The written record of a census and survey of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086

William II, 1087-1100

Henry I, 1100-1135

Stephen, 1135-1154

Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152, thus acquiring all western France from Normandy to the Spanish border.

House of Plantagenet （金雀花王朝，又称House of Anjou,安茹王朝）

Henry II, 1154-1189

Thomas Becket was murdered in 1170.

Richard I, 1189-1199

John, 1199-1216

John was forced to accept Magna Carta in 1215.

Henry III, 1216-1272

Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council to meet at Westminster in 1265, which is seen as the earliest parliament.

Edward I, 1272-1307

Wales came under the English Crown in 1284.

Edward II, 1307-1327

Edward III, 1327-1377

Black Death swept through England in 1348.