2017英语词汇近义词分类整理
高考英语形近词与近义词总结
高考英语形近词与近义词总结归纳1. lively 活波的，生动的alive 活的live 现场直播的，实况的行的living 活着的，健在的, 现2.sensible 有感觉的，有判断力的flexible 易曲的，灵活的objective 客观的sensitive 敏感的，灵敏的3.incapable 无能力的，不能的indispensable 必不可少的insensible 无知觉的，麻木的infinite 无穷的4.valid 有效的，正当的vain 徒劳的，自负的vacant 空的，空闲的vague 含糊不清的，茫然的5.special 特别的，专门的particular 独特的，详细的peculiar 奇特的，罕见的specific 明确的，特效的6. lasting 持久的，永久的liberal 慷慨的，不拘泥的，宽大的，自由主义的7.dense密集的，浓厚的bold 大胆的8. friend ：朋友fiend：魔鬼9. brother：兄弟bother：打扰broth：肉汤10. sheer：完全的，纯粹的shear：剪（羊毛）shears：大剪刀flagrant ：臭烘烘的，臭名昭著的11. fragrant：芬芳的12. observe：观察reserve：储备deserve：值得conserve：保存13. conservation：n.保存conservative：保守的reservation：印第安人的保留地14. complement：补偿，弥补，补充compliment ：赞美，称赞[比较记忆]“爱赞美，被补充”15. poverty：贫穷property：财产[比较记忆] poverty ：p-“趴在地上”，over-“一切都完了”property：proper-恰当的，“每人恰当一份”16. haven：避难所heaven：天堂17. adopted “收养的，过继的”adoptive adoptive “收养的”，可说adoptive parents,但很少说adoptive child; “采用的”，“假冒的”an adoptive courage 假充勇敢。
英语近义同义词替换表
英语近义同义词替换表AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体Aim.n=objective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而As well as=and和As well=too也Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in 与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保BBe similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地CCalculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Concern = care关心Consist of=comprise由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=cliam断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现Degenerated=underdeveloped退化Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的Distinguish=tell辨别Due to=because of由于Drawback=defect=ill缺点EEat=feed 喂食，进食Endanger=threaten 威胁Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up建立Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调（v）Embark upon=start=launch开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）Fail to do=failure to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误Form=shape=mould形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free释放Frequently=often 经常GGreat milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力Grant=give授予Gas=petrol石油HHold=harbor=embrace拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍IIdentical=the same一模一样Imitate=impersonate模仿Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明Identify=recognize鉴别In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入KKey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in重要的，关键的Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法LLikelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系MMaster=grasp 掌握Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change=alter修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明NNature=character=characteristics本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous= a number of 许多OOwing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……PPattern=format形式，模式Pattern=design图案Pore over=study 研究Poisonous=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bringabout=result=breed=spawn激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害QQuestionnaire=survey 问卷调查RReadily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟Resemble=like=as像SShow=reflect表现Significance=importance 重要性State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形Striking=noticeable值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的TTake to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯Tale=story=fairytale 故事Talent=gift 天赋Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的UUnbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定Universal=popular普遍VVirtue=advantage=strength 优点好处WWork out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出11.1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2.2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3.3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4.4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5.5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6.6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7.7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8.8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial,indispensable, imperative9.9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, beconvinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10.10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure,induce, generate16.16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly,as a result, because of this, as a result of this17.17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jumpto，shoot to18.18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduceto，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19.19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remainsteady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20.20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21.21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22.22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23.23发生：Happen, occur, take place24.24原因：Reason, factor, cause25.25发展：Development, advance, progress26.26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27.27影响：Influence, impact, effect28.28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29.29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy,hold, compose30.30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparisonto，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely31.32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict,present, represent,describe32.33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly33.34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate afluctuation34.35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that35.36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put itdifferently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle36.C oncern with = relate to 与有关37.g row= increase= riseconcentrate on = focus on38.U nder the title=name achievement =success39.t end to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth40.b e associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联41.approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very42.e stablish= found = set up establishment = organization43.o ffer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant44.a rgument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作45.c ontract = agreement合同，合约no= without = have no 没有46.c haos = mess 混乱monument= landmark里程碑47.h elp sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事48.d raw from = take fromleading = outstanding49.c ompetitor= rival recognize as = look/assume as21.dislike=distaste test = examine2.effect= impact=influencefrom…to = range from…to…3.ignore = neglectas per=according to4.unfold= carry on be reluctant to do=reject=refuse5.before = prior to6.predict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with7.account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed8.discrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up9.context =environment=sircumstance=situation10.radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words11.sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12.fear=worrypollute = contaminate13.predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14.in great number of = in _____ number ofactually=indeed15.disappear= extinct灭绝seem to do =assume to do16.solve = cope with=deal with解决accelerate = speed up17.impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to18.opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素19.entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20.f ield =domain 学科领域oppose=against21.for example=such as=for instance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22.l ead to=result in 导致extremely=seriously 严重地23.p erception = view 观点、看法association=society协会24.e ncounter with = face=confront面对postpone to=delay25.p ressing=urgent紧急、急迫measure=solution=method 解决方法26.k ey=crucial =significant=importmant关键、重要27.b ut=yet enormous importance=great/significant28.l aunch=startderive from = get from29.r evert to= get back todistinction=identity30.i mmense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31.couple with = along withamass dollar=accumulate dollar32.e ssential feature = principleseize=grasp33.i nnovative=fresh drab=dull/single34.e ntirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35.n eeds=demand36.d ub=call=name reflex=reaction/response37.r esult from=originate frombe critical for = be important to38.d emanding=difficultretune=adjust39.s eek for =search foroutlook=view40.f igure out = find outtrack=follow41.in response to=respond to = react to42.p rominence=importance revolution=invention43.i n relation to= in association withsociety = association44.t reatise=workfeature=characteristics45.c ommercial exploitation =commercializedo with=due to=because of46.o bjective = impersonal=impartialfoster=develop47.account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough48.b e acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trialprogram49.c onfiguration=structurephenomenal=surprising50.m ake stride=make progressregardless of=despite of51.perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth52.v ital importance=extremely important53.r est=depositartificial=manmade54.m ake a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular55.i gnite=trigger a field of=a domain of56.e ncompass=unifyimply=indicate57.b reakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming58.m aterialize=realizetide=trend59.a gency=organizationreckon=deem60.a pproach=methodspot=find out61.boost=promoteprospect=future62.f eature=portray elusive=pessimistic63.m atch up to sth=equal with impressive=great64.i mpact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65.i ndigenous people=native peopletend to=look after66.u ndermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable67.r enaissance=revive for instance=for example68.o perate=run69.f ailure=incidentrare=unusually70.t ension=pressurecompression=pressure71.prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72.o ccur=happenanalyze=closely examine73.d etect=examine74.t rigger=produceinduce=encourage75.r egardless=in spite of considerable=substantial76.i mportant =crucial77.o pinon=perspective, standpoint78.f ame=prestige79.r elieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense orsevere)80.f orce=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he doesnot want to),compel81.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)82.L onely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her83.s mall=minuscule(very small), minute84.p raise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)85.h ard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does thingsvery thoroughly86.d ifficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves alot of efforts)87.s how=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)88.a void=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid thatsomething or keep away from it89.f air=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion ordecision on something.)90.a lways=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)91.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(somethingimmutable will never change or be changed)92.q uiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)93.e xpensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)94.r espect=esteem95.w orry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96.c old=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)97.d angerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially topeople's safety and health)98.n owadays=currently99.s top=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)100.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)101.difficult=formidable102.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people) 103.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money) 104.approximately将近-nearly, almost105.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)106.scholarship=fellowship107.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal) 108.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)109.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)110.despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)111.b est=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)112.sharp=acute(severe and intense)113.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen114.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)115.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)116.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 117.of=necessary to118.without=free from119.about=concerning=related to120.在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives121.用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner122.rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off123.poor = needy = impoverished124.good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous125.bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable126.healthy = robust = sound = wholesome127.surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous128.energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated129.难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny130.不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoi dable131.重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital132.=be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality133.巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable134.正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous 135.有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible136.吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing137.足够的：adequate and sufficient138.日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday139.improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 140.solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 141.destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate142.develop = cultivate = foster = nurture143.encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur/doc/7a10965897.html,plete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve145.destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize146.influence= impact147.danger = perils =hazards148.human beings= mankind = humane race149.old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens150.teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers/doc/7a10965897.html,cation = schooling = family parenting = upbringing152.young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents153.responsibility = obligation = duty = liability154.因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant155.联系：relationship(relate A to B) =connection(connect A to B ) =association(associate A to B)156.优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorableaspects/respects/perspectives=undesirableaspects/respects/perspectives157.disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency =unfavorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives158.enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment159.children = offspring = descendant = kid★高频短语：1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3.从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4.在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of6.对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to7.对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrimental to=be disadvantageous to=be pernicious to8.集中精力于：focus ondevote oneself todedicate oneself tocommit oneself toengage oneself inemploy oneself in9.认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim maintain, note hold the viewpoint thathold the standpoint thathold the perspective thatharbour an idea/opinion thatembrace a view that10.反对：be against=reject, object, oppose=be opposed to=become hostile to11.支持：support=take sides with=advocate=lend support to=sing high praise of12.导致：lead to=trigger=result in, bring about, contribute to。
英语同义词大全
英语同义词大全英语同义词大全同义词，指的是词义完全相同或相近的词。
以下是小编整理的英语同义词大全，欢迎阅读。
abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon：强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
forsake：侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。
也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave：普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up：普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability：普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity：侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius：语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent：着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
competence：正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty：指特殊的才能或智力。
gift：着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude：多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
able, capable, competent 这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able：最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。
英语词汇近义词同义词
Glare at 怒目而视Stare at 呆呆盯着看Peer at 偷窥Age peers 同辈人Glance at 扫一眼Labor to 努力去Stick to 坚持=insist onAs well as =andMail carrier = deliver 投递员Assumption 假设来自动词assume猜测Presupposes 提前假设Abundant adj充足的Abound 充满不及物动词Presented 呈现现象Manifestation n显示表现示威运动旅客名单=obvious 显示明显的Statistic n ic结尾做名词统计数值Statistical adj 统计学的Statistical population distribution 统计学人口分布Stationary adj 固定的静止的Statement n陈述意见的表达Understatement n保守陈述不充分陈述Overstate v夸张描述Statesman 政治家Estate 房地产行业，身份，财产Workstation n工作台Broker 经济人Entertainment 娱乐圈Passenger乘客Messenger 信使Marketplace n市场Marked adj 显著的Remark v评论Remarkable adj 显著的非凡的Landmark n地表转折点=turning point里程碑=milestone Sights 景点Touchstone 试金石Verify 核查Inspect 审查Affirm v断定Assert v坚称断言=certainty n必然性Overvalued assets 高估资产Accounts 账户Informed citizenry 知识分子Former 前者Latter 后者Later 后面的State 州，国v陈述说明Status n地位情形状态Statute n法令犯规Institute n研究机构Positive 积极的Negative 消极的Discourse 演讲，发布内容公告Devastate v毁灭毁坏Devastating adj 毁灭性的Entities =body 实体Issue 争论，发行一部电影一本书Blot n污点Spot n斑点Hotspot 热点Hot-pot火锅Stain n污渍Stainless 不绣的~blade 刀Symbol n好的象征Symptom n 噩兆Booklet 小册子Triplets 三胞胎Deal with=cope with 处理处置应对Fever 发烧With 与某人一致Civil law 民法Legislation n 法律法规Lawful adj 合法的Lawsuit n诉讼Lawyer n 律师Attorney n检察官Public =mass 大众Mass media =mass networks 大众媒体Publication n出版发行=issue n文章v发表Publicity n 公众信息曝光度ity 抽象名词后缀Publicize v公开In public 当众Republican adj 共和党Organization n 组织机构Structure n结构Regime n 政体政权Democracy n民主党国家Federation n联邦制国家FBI 联邦调查局Federal Bureau of Investigation（调查）Bureaucracy 官僚主义Invest v投资CIA 中央情报局Central Intelligence agency Apparently 明显的Augment=enlarge v扩大扩充At large 一般地普遍地四处闲逛的Bulky adj 庞大的Except=not 否定Sensing 意识到Warriors 勇士Wanted 通缉犯Mean n平均值=on 啊average adj 吝啬By on means 绝不Be based on 依据By means of =rely on=depend on 依靠Live off 依赖。
英文同形 同义词综合整理
词语造句练习reap 收获rope 粗绳绳索ripe 成熟的rip 撕破cord 绳索粗线电线wire 电线金属线harvestconsistinvolvecontainincludecomprise包含，由.....组成stapleprimesiginificantcrucialimportantvitalmomentousconsiderablemajor主要的，首要的dominant 首要的主导的占优势的consideration 考虑体贴考虑因素注意staple与stable的区别loss 丢失lose 失去迷失loose 宽松的散漫的bound 必定的注定的；弹回跳跃bound 捆绑bind 捆绑blind 失明的bund 岸堤码头bond 纽带联系band -n 乐队；一伙一群；带带状物；戒指 -v 用带绑扎majority 多数大多数minority 少数少数民族certify 证明verify 证明confirm 证明substantiate 证明prove 证明attest 证明testify 证明作证demonstrate 证明示范演示affirmation -n 肯定断言证实批准“装饰”adornornamentdecorateregulate 使遵守规则，管理，管控regular 规则的规律的regularity -n 规律性经常性approval 赞许批准认可同意approach 靠近接近；交谈；处理；方法途径interact 交流交往intercourse 交流交往refer 提到说起描述（提到某件事）cite 引用援引引证（引用某件事例）attach 贴上附上附属使喜爱attack 批评抨击侵害攻击attract 吸引引起有吸引力（物体间）产生引力abstract -n 抽象梗概；-adj 抽象的；-v 摘要提取；偷走窃取abstraction -n 抽象提取抽象概念空想extract -v （费力）取出拔出提取提炼榨取摘录设法得到开方求根；-n 提取物萃取物extraction -n 取出提炼referconsult 咨询参考查阅transmission 传播传送transportation 运输交通explore -v 探讨探究考察探索explode 爆炸burst 爆发破裂neutron 中子neutral 中性的proton 质子neutron 中子molecule 分子atom 原子identity身份identify 识别认出sway 影响influence 影响intense 严肃紧张的激烈的十分强烈的intensive 加强的集中的严密的intension 强烈剧烈；内涵；决心intensional 内涵的；紧张的intent 专注的专心致志的；坚决的；目的意图intention 目的意图intentional 故意的蓄意的feather 羽毛leather 皮革respect 尊敬inspect 检查视察suspect -v 怀疑；-n 嫌疑犯 -adj 可疑的prospect -n 前景预期perspective -n 视角观点看法透视画法spectacle -n 精彩表演壮观景象spectator -n 观众audience -n 观众speculate 推测branch 分支树枝trunk 主干树干shelterrefuge-adj 避难所；-v 庇护dusk（黄昏）duck（鸭子）duke（公爵）dock（码头）illusion 幻想collision 碰撞Allusion 典故暗示trend 趋势tend 倾向remuneration 薪酬报酬compensate 补偿赔偿弥补mood 心情情绪emotion 情感情绪clip 修剪裁剪夹住；钳子夹子chip 炸薯条炸薯片芯片chop 砍剁digestion 消化appetite 食欲poseproposeput forwardadvance （此意不常用），常作为“前进”使用提出（问题）imagine -v 想象设想imaginary -adj 想象的虚构的imagination -n 想象力deceive -v 欺骗，蒙骗；误导deception -n 欺骗蒙骗骗术骗局deceptive -adj 欺骗性的，造成假象的deceptively -adv 迷惑地，欺骗地，欺诈地anima 灵魂pneuma 灵魂soul 灵魂spirit 精神心灵hobbyinterestappetite （常用作“胃口”）preference爱好atmosphere 大气大气层atmospheric 大气的大气层的replacesubstitutereplacement代替dean （大学的）副院长系主任den 兽窝书房窝点intense 强烈的intensive 加强的集中的intentional 故意的有意的存心的audience 观众，听众；读者；觐见，拜见；拥护者；spectator （尤指体育比赛的）观看者，观众；旁观者；spectacle 精彩表演壮观景象flame 火焰inflammation 发炎inflammable 易燃的soar 猛涨roar 咆哮greet 欢迎问候greed 贪婪royal 皇室的国王的loyal 忠诚的crush -v 压碎挤压变形；镇压，征服；-n 迷恋暗恋crash -v 碰撞bump -n 碰撞 -v 碰撞entertainment 消遣娱乐distraction 消遣pastime 消遣diversion 消遣recreation 消遣amusement 消遣expansive 广阔的广泛的extensive 广阔的广泛的broad 广阔的宽阔的；广博的丰富的evaporation【蒸发】evaporate【蒸发】【消失】vapor【蒸汽】mosque 清真寺mosquito 蚊子substance n.物质、物品、物；例句：in substance 基本上实质上事实上substantial adj.坚固的、结实的/n.实质性的东西；substantiate v.实体化，证实，证据frustration 痛苦沮丧恼怒令人心烦的事agitation 忧虑烦乱骚动agitation -n（液体）搅动摇动stir -v 搅拌搅合（液体等物质）ultimately 最终地最后地根本上finally 最终地eventually 最终地conventional 传统的常规的惯例的troditional 传统的perch 栖息处；栖息于perish 湮灭毁灭cherish -v 珍视珍爱delicacy 佳肴；微妙棘手柔软delicate 微妙的易碎的柔和的精美的dedicate -v致力于献身于；奉献献身dedication -n 奉献献身concert 音乐会演奏会convert （使）转变，（使）改变信仰；皈依者，改变信仰的人necessity 必需品necessary 必需的必要的necessitate -v 使成为必要flee -v 迅速离开，逃跑，逃避fleet -n 舰队船队fleece -n 羊毛；-v 给（羊）剪（羊毛）；敲诈，骗取钱财vent -n （空气、气体、液体的）出口，出口，漏孔；-v 表达发泄ventilate -vt 使通风，宣布，给...装通风装备ventilation -n 空气流通；通风设备dictator 独裁者dictatorship -专政；独裁；独裁国家dictatorial 独裁的，专政的sincere -adj 真诚的sincerely -adv 真诚地，由衷地sincerity -n 真诚，诚挚，真实，诚心诚意counter -n 柜台；对立面；计算器encounter -v 遭遇；-n 经历；偶遇，邂逅counterpart -n 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物offence -n 进攻攻击攻打侵犯；-adj 冒犯的，令人不适的，极其讨厌的，进攻型的defence -v 抵挡抵御vill -n 村镇village -n 村庄村民——》villain -n 坏人恶棍——》omen -n 征兆预兆herald -n 预兆；-v 前兆预示——>hint -n 提示暗示征兆迹象 -v 暗示compatible -adj 兼容的共存的compatibility -n 共存和睦相处；兼容性配合度incompatible - adj 合不来的，不相符的，不相容的exquisite -adj 优美的精致的精湛的有很高造诣的灵敏的敏锐的剧烈的尖锐的requisite -n 必需品inquisite - v 调查审讯reactant 反应物resultant 生成物scope 领域范围microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜horoscope 占星术星象十二宫图implement -n 工具器具；-v 贯彻执行实施execution -n 执行实施实行处决execute -v 执行实行lump -n 肿块 -v 结块，把......聚在一起lamp -n 灯lampoon -v 公开讽刺挖苦remoal -n 除去拿开移动调动免职remove -v 移开拿开除去废除开除脱下摘下removable -n 可移动的remover -n 拆卸工具；除....剂；搬运工人remote -adj 遥远的偏僻的；-n 远程remotely -adv 遥远地偏僻地caution -n 谨慎小心警告告诫 -v 警告提醒告诫cautious -adj 谨慎的，十分小心的remind -v 提醒warn -v 提醒警告告诫alert -adj 警惕的警觉的 -v 提醒admonish -v 告诫劝告best、、foremost -adj 最好的最重要的hindmost -adj 最后的grabgraspcatcharrestseize抓取抓住crab 螃蟹batherinse用水冲洗stuff -v 填满填充；-n 杂物staff -n教职工decency 正派得体彬彬有礼礼仪decent 得体的大方的正派的gall -n 胆汁怨恨苦味gallery -n 画廊美术馆gallop -n 疾驰奔驰飞驰consentconcentconcerngaze -v -n 凝视注视stare -v -n 凝视注视horror 精神上恐惧terror 对人或事的恐惧或恐惧fright 恐怖惊吓dread 心理上的畏惧担心wantwishdesireriseincreaseupsoarclimbgo upgrowsurgeboomterritory 领土版图领地domain 领域范围领土势力范围field 田地田野专业领域realmarearegionscopesphere -n 范围领域；（社会）阶层；（社会）地位；球体；球面；天体；地球仪；苍穹supplemental 增补的supplementarycomplemental 补足的补充的补偿的complementary -adj 补充补足的互补的complimentary -adj 免费的；表示钦佩的，赞美的assistantauxiliarydeputyhelperdelinquency -n 违法行为犯罪frequency 经常性defrequency -n 行为不良失职flash 闪光emit 发射发出散发shine （太阳或其他光源）发光照耀sparkle 闪烁闪耀生气勃勃bestow -v 授予献给beast -n 兽类野兽畜生行为粗暴的人monotonousboretediousPlodding无聊乏味无趣的eraser 橡皮rubber 橡皮黑板擦erase 抹去清除消除消灭rub -v 擦揉擦；涂抹wipe -v 擦消除拭去sweep -v 打扫清除（目光）扫视，（灯光）掠过edit -v 编辑编校修订剪辑edition 编辑editor 主编editorial 编辑的主编的happenoccurtake placecome up发生vowel 元音consoant 辅音辅音字母deficiency -n 缺点不足缺点shortagescarcity -n 不足缺乏foolishsillystupid愚蠢的傻的sense -n 感觉官能（即五觉）sensation - 知觉感觉感觉能力知觉能力consciousness -n 知觉感觉意识观念觉悟conscience 良心道德心conscious 有意识的，有知觉的declareannounceproclaimclaim宣称声明。
常见英语同近义词同类词组
常见英语同/近义词同类词152组1.选择choose, elect, select, pick.2.方式/法way, method, means, manner, approach, mode, system, tactics , term , decide 5.学分;成绩credit, score, mark, grade 6.满意的content, satisfied 7.停止;放弃stop, halt, desist, cease, drop out, withdraw, retreat, quit, resign, give up, surrender, depart, abandon, desert, discard, forsake; retire, retreat, reject, recess 8.调查survey, investigate, explore, inspect, look into, probe, observe, review, study 9.改变;变化change, alteralert, convert, modify, transform, shift, alternate, vary 10.修订/改revise, change, modify, alter, mend, rectify, correct, amend, emend校订/正 11.珍爱/惜/重cherish, treasure, worship, appreciate, value 12.包括/含 include, contain, compose, comprise, involve, cover, encompass 13.分发distribute, give out, pass out 14.提供 provide, give, furnish, offer, supply 15.风景scene, scenery, sight, view, landscape, outlook 16.快/迅速地rapidly, quickly, fast, speedy, swiftly 17.普通的 normal, ordinary, general, common, average, usual 18.合适的appropriate, proper, suitable, fit 19.限制limit, confine, restrict to 20.揭露,暴露 expose, disclose, open, reveal, display, uncover, unmask 21.建议;劝告advise, confer, instruct, recommend, suggest, propose, counsel 22.伤害injure, harm, hurt, wound, destroy, impair, spoil 23.在先前的previous, former, preceding, prior, past, late 24.培养/育foster, raise, breed, rear, grow, bring up, cultivate, nurture, nourish 25.职业;工作vocation, occupation, profession, career ,trade, business, work, job, post, position 26.不可避免的inescapable, inevitable, unavoidable, sure, certain 27.必不可少的necessary, needed, vital, essential, indispensable, integral 28.追求/寻 pursue, seekfor/after, searchfor, hunt, look for, quest, explore, go after 29.鼓励/舞;刺激 inspire, encourage, motivate, stimulate, arouse, urge, spur 30.能力;才能ability, capability, capacity, aptitude, faculty, genius, gift, talent 31.特殊/别的special, particular, peculiar, specific 32.扩大extendextent, stretch, expand, enlarge, swell, amplify, magnify, increase, widen, broaden, inflate, intensify, prolong 34.工具;仪器tool, instrument, apparatus, equipment, appliance, facility, implement 35.比赛contest, match, game, play, competition 36.影响impact, influence, affect, effect 37.环境environment, circumstance, surroundings, conditions 38.聪明的 clever, smart, bright, intelligent, keen, shrewd 39.忽视/略ignore, neglect, disregard, overlook, slight 40.完成finish, complete, perform, carry out, achieve, accomplish, execute, fulfill, compliment 41.堆heap, stack, pile 42.教tutorv.,teach, instruct, conduct, educate, coach, train 43.指导guide, advise, conduct,control, counsel, direct, govern, handle, manage, regulate, rule, steer, instruct, lead 44.管理supervise, administer, manage 45.足够的enough, adequate, sufficient, abundant, ample, plenty 46.开始 commence, start, begin 47.使...碎break, smash粉碎, shatter砸/粉碎;毁灭, fragment打碎, crush压/碾碎 48.惊恐;害怕v. fear, frighten, scare, shock, astonish, amaze, alarm, dread, horror, terror, awe 49.缩小condense, reduce, contract, compress, shrink 50.结果/局outcome, consequence, effect, result 51.取消;除掉abolish废除, cancel取消;删除, eliminate消除;淘汰, dispose除/扔掉, erase擦掉, exclude排斥/除, extinguish熄/扑灭,expel 驱逐;开除, remove, get rid of, dispose of 52.推/猜测assume, guess, presume, suppose, speculateabout/on 53.抓紧/住grip, clasp, clutch, grasp, seize, grab, snatch, hold, clench, embrace, hug 54.坚持persevere, persist 55. 减少/低decline, reduce, decrease, lessen, lower, decline, diminish, cut, fall, run/cut down 56.保存;存储 reservedeserve, conserve, preserve, store, save, maintain 切, chop劈,砍, hack乱劈/砍 58.治疗/愈treat, heal, relieve, recover, cure, therapy, remedy 59.问题question, problem, matter ,issue, topic, subject 60.预定subscribe, book, order 61. moods 心情;情绪, temper脾气;情绪, emotion情感, feeling情感;感受, passion激情, temperament性情;气质, sentiment思想感情, affection喜爱;爱慕之情 62.部分part, portion, piece, member, division, section, segment, fragment 不寻常的,unique唯一的,singular单独/卓越的,rare稀有罕见的 64. essay文章, legend传说/奇, myth神话, story故事;短篇小说, novel长篇小说, tale 民间/神话故事, fable寓言, fiction虚构/杜撰的小说, saying俗语, proverb 谚语,格言, prose散文, poem/poetryode颂歌, ballade叙事诗,sonnet十四行诗,verse韵文, compositionnarration记叙文,description, exposition说明,argumentation议论, thesis 学位论文 ,入场费 charge要价,服务费, cost 成本, fare交通费, fee佣金;会费;停车费, freight运费, postage邮费/资, rent 租金, tip小费, toll过桥/路费, tuition学费, expense花费,开支工资, salary薪金/水, income收入, pay薪金,付款, reward酬金,报答 award奖品/金, bonus奖金,红利, allowance津贴, premium保险金, pension退休金, damages,损害赔偿金, compensation补/赔偿, penalty罚金/款, pocket money零花钱, change零钱, tip 67. insight洞察力, comprehension理解力, intuition直觉力, perception知觉, 悟性力, vision眼/视力, 洞察力行动, interaction 相互影响/作用, reaction反应, counteraction反作用,阻止朦胧/难理解的, vague含/模糊的,笼统的, dim暗淡不清楚的, ambiguous含糊的;模棱两可的faint不清楚的;无力/微弱的 indistinct不清晰/明显的, unclear难懂的,不明的, indefinite不明确的, shadowy模糊的,有/多阴影的, fuzzy模糊的,多毛的毕业证书, certificate证明书, licence/license, permit执照, 许可证空/悠闲, freedom, recreation消遣,娱乐, relaxation松弛,娱乐, spare time余暇, ease安逸,容易 entertainment乐趣,娱乐, amusement娱乐, 消遣版, edition版, draft草稿, copy副本, issue一期 73.v.thrive兴旺,繁荣,prosper繁荣,成功, flourish茂盛,繁茂, boom商业.经济等激增, 繁荣, bloom,开花,青春焕发, mushroom迅速增长/发展 74.传单handbill, leaflet, handout, flyer 保证,确保, ensure保证,担保, insure确保,保险, guarantee担保 76. insane精神错乱的, mad疯的, crazy狂热的, out of one’s mind/head/wits 精神出错的税, duty海关税, rate房地产税,市政府税 fine罚金, tariff关税,税率;收费表贼, robber强盗, burglar夜盗, pirate海盗, bandit土匪, pickpocket扒手, outlaw歹徒 , arson纵火, bribe贿赂, kidnapping绑架, forgery伪造罪, piracy盗版/印, smuggling走私, rape强奸, burglary/rob 抢劫;盗窃, theft偷窃, murder谋杀, hijack劫机, assassination暗杀, blackmail 敲诈酒精, beer啤酒, spirits/liquor烈性酒, brandy白兰地, wine葡萄酒, champagne香槟, cocktail鸡尾酒, whiskey威士忌干涉/扰, intervene干涉,调停 interrupt打扰/断, intrude侵扰, invade侵略, meddle 干预;妨碍, disturb妨碍;打扰大群, cluster群, school鱼群, herd兽群多指牛群, flock兽群多指羊群,鸟群 swarm鸟群,昆虫尤指蜂群, crowd人群, drove 移动的人群/ 兽群pack野兽群多指狼群 83.vmend推荐,congratulate, flatter 奉承, praise, approve, admire, compliment称赞,恭维, complement补充微湿,适度的潮湿, damp令人不快的潮湿,沮丧的, wet湿的,水淋淋的, humid空气有湿气的 85. walk, wander徘徊, drift漂流;盲目前进, meander曲折地流;漫步, ramble徘徊;随笔, roam闲逛,漫游, rove流浪,漫游, amble缓步, stray 迷路, stroll闲逛,溜达, hobble跛行;蹒跚, limp跛行, stagger摇晃;蹒跚, totter蹒跚;摇摆, dodder蹒跚而行, swagger昂首阔步地走, strut神气地走, lumber笨重地移动, dash猛冲, skip蹦跳, stride大步走;跨, pace踱方步, step 踏;走 86.n. outbreak爆发, outburst突发, outcome结果, outfall排水口, outflow外流, outlaw逃犯, outlet出口/路, outline提纲;外形, outlook远景, output产量 87.评估/价v.assess ,estimate, evaluate, value, rate 88.处理handle, cope with, deal withdeal in经营, process, dispose of , canal, channel, cable 90.投身于;参加participate, attend, involve, joinin, throw oneself into, immerse oneself in, get involved in, take part in , movement, combat, battle, struggle, conflict , boundary, edge, margin, frontier, bound , coaction, correlation, correspond , tone, dialect, pronunciation 95.事件accident, event, happening, incident, occurrence , hold, contain, provide 硬度, density密度, consistency浓度, precision 精确度, articulation清晰度, length, width, height, depth, breadth , car, truck, jeep, bus, taxi, minibus, convertible, van, coach , charge, indict, scold, punish, appeal, blame, impeach , profitable, profited, earn, payable , produce, make, invent /gas/steam/fume, liquid/juice/liquor/fluid, solid , boring, tedious, dull 104.整个的gross, total, whole, entire , star, milky way, Mars, Venus , quiver, fluctuate, shiver, shake, tremble components: monitor, screen, keyboard, CPU, laser printer, scanner, mouse, modem, disk drive, CD-ROM drive, writing pad, floppy disk 108.喜爱/欢like, love, enjoy, be fond of, prefer,be keen on/about, be crazy about, be interested in, fancyvt. /a fancy for sth./take a fancy to sb.sth., be fanatic about, be fascinated by/with 109.忍受/耐endure, tolerate, bear/stand, suffer, put up with sustain , crude, raw, rough , enforce, reinforce, intensify, endow, entail chilly cold frosty frigid icy 113.显着的;卓越的remarkable, famous, striking, noteworthy, notable, prominent, outstanding, noticeable, attractive 114.替代/换substitute, replace, shift, switch, instead of, in place of 轻视;嘲弄, ridicule,讥笑;嘲弄, scoff嘲弄/笑, mock mo嘲弄;模仿, jeer愚/嘲弄, deride嘲笑; 嘲弄, despise轻/藐视;讨厌, disdain伤害/玷污名誉, laugh at嘲笑, make fun of取笑 116.想;考虑thinkover, consider, ponder, contemplate, reflect, meditate, deliberate 117.垃圾;废物trash, junk, litter, rubbish, scrap, debris 118.比例/率proportion, portion, percentage, ratio, rate, share, quota 排水沟, sewer下水道, drain阴沟120.怀疑的questionable, suspicious, uncertain, doubtful, dubious 鼓掌;喝彩, praise称赞, approve拥护;赞成, acclaim欢呼;称赞, clap鼓掌 122.超越;胜过surpass, exceed, excel, excess, go beyond, beat, better, top, outdo, transcend, outstrip 123.合并;结合unite, connect, join, combine, assemble, gather, group, crowd, congregate, incorporate 124.祖先/宗ancestor; ascendant; forefather, 后代/子孙child; offspring; descendant 125.神圣的sacred, blessed, divine, hallowed, holy 126.序列set, series, sequence, succession 127.最后的final, concluding, last, ultimate 128. bend弯曲, bow俯首, lean倾身;靠, stoop屈身, turn翻转, twist扭/转动 129.顶峰/点peak, climax, summit, acme, pinnacle 130.明白/显的plain, obvious, apparent, evident, manifest 131.命运fate, chance, destiny, doom, fortune, lot 132.投;扔throw, cast, hurl, pitch, toss, sling 133.虚/脆弱的weak, feeble, frail 134.真挚/诚的heartfelt, sincere, unaffected, wholehearted, hearty, heartful 135.责任duty, obligation, responsibility, liability 136.笑;笑声laugh, laughter, laughing 加香料;香/风/趣味, season给…调味, flavor给…加上调味料;味道;特点 138.基础base, basis, foundation 139.街;路;道road, street, avenue, boulevard, lane, alley, thoroughfare, express way, free way, high way 140.对手;竟争者rival, foe, contender, competitor, combatant, adversary, opponent 141.表明;显示mean, demonstrate, display, exhibit, hint, manifest, reveal, suggest, denote, express, imply, indicate, mark, say, show, signify 142.财/资产assets, goods, property, wealth, capital 143.特/征性character, characteristic, trait, feature, disposition 144.愤怒anger, annoyance, fury, irritation, rage, wrath, indignation 窃/傻笑, giggle吃吃地笑, grin咧嘴笑, roar哄堂大笑, howl开心狂笑, snicker窃/傻笑, snigger窃笑, simper傻笑, chuckle 咯咯笑;轻笑, smirk假笑, guffaw哄笑 146.计算calculate, compute, count, estimate, reckon 147.包裹packet, pack, package, parcel 148.目标/的aim, goal, purpose, target, objective, intention 149.合理/公平的reasonable,justifiable, logical, rational, sensible, sound, fair, just 150.居住live, inhabit, dwell, settle down, reside, occupy, lodge, accommodate 151.看;盯;瞪look, stare, gaze, gaze, glare, peer 152.奇怪的 strange, odd, peculiar, fantastic, queer。
考研英语形近词270组、近义词470组
考研英语近形词辨析1. adapt 适应adopt 收养2. alive 活着的living 活的,起作用的lively 活泼的live 直播（节目）3. alone 单独的,孤独的lonely 寂寞的，（地方）偏僻的4. attribute 归结与contribute 贡献distribute 分发tribute 贡品,礼物5. afford 供应得起effort 努力6. believe 相信relieve 减轻7.confirm 确定confine 限制confess 承认confuse 使糊涂refuse 拒绝8. commit 犯(错误)submit 递交permit 允许admit 承认omit 省略9. cure 治愈curve 使弯曲curse 诅咒10. considerate 考虑周到的considerable 相当多的considering 考虑到,顾及11. clear 清楚的clean 清洁的12. definite 明确的infinite 无限的define 定义13. different 不同的indifferent 无关紧要的14. disappoint 使失望disapprove 不赞成15. deceive 欺骗receive 收到16. expensive 昂贵的experiment 实验17. ensure 保证assure 担保insure 给…保险18. expensive 昂贵的expansive 易扩张的extensive 广阔的intensive 强烈的19. expense 费用expansion 膨胀extension 扩充exposure 暴露20. efficient 有效的sufficient 充分的effective 有效的21. harvest 收获harness 马具22. high 高的highly 非常23. imply 暗示apply 应用supply 提供reply 答复24. impose 强加expose 揭露propose 计划suppose 假设25. inspect 检查expect 期待respect 尊敬suspect 怀疑26. include 包含conclude 结束27. infect 传染effect 结果affect 影响28.inquire 询问require 需要acquire 获得29.interfere 干涉interrupt 打扰interpret 解释interview 接见rm 通知reform 改革perform 履行31.jam 果酱jar 广口瓶jaw 下巴32.lie 说谎lay 放置33.note 注意notice 通知34.obtain 获得maintain 维持contain 包含sustain 支持35.object 物体subject 主题project 工程36.price 价格prize 奖品praise 赞扬37.present 礼物represent 象征38.possess 拥有process 过程39.prefer 更喜欢refer 谈及infer 推断40.project 工程reject 拒绝41.pretext 借口protect 保护protest 抗议42.produce 生产reduce 减少deduce 推论induce 劝诱43.preserve 保护reserve 储存conserve 保存44.review 复习revise 修改preview 事先查看45.resist 抵抗persist 持续insist 坚持assist 帮助consist 由…组成46.resume 履历consume 消耗assume 假定47.respond 回答1correspond 符合48.respective 分别的respectful 尊敬的respectable 可敬的49.rise 上升arise 出现raise 提高arouse 唤醒50.status 身份statue 雕像51.staff 全体职员stiff 僵硬的stuff 原料52.sensible 有感觉的sensitive 敏感的53.succeed 成功proceed 进行exceed 超越54.transmit 传输transfer 转移transform 转换translate 翻译transport 运输transplant 移植55.temporary 暂时contemporary 同时代的56.unite 联合unity 团结reunion 重聚unit 个体57.vary 变化varied 各式各样的various 不同的variety 种类variable 可变的58.wander 漫步wonder 对…感到惊奇59.recommend 推荐demand 要求command 命令60.access 接近excess 过量61.adverse 敌对averse 反对的62.affectation 假装affection 爱63.allusion 暗示illusion 幻觉64.annual 一年一次的annul 取消65.appraise 估价apprise 报告66.argument 争论augment 增加67.bandage绷带bondage奴役68.carton用纸盒包装cartoon漫画69.censor检查censure责难70.collision猛烈相撞collusion共谋71.confidant 密友confident确信的72.consul 领事council会议counsel劝告73.dairy乳牛场diary日记74.decease死亡disease疾病75.decent适合desent降下dissent异议76.desert 沙漠dessert甜点77.disassemble分解dissemble伪装78.drought,draft草稿drought 久旱79.eligible 合格的illegible难读的80.eminent闻名的imminent迫近的81.exalt提升exult欢腾82.ingenious设计精巧的ingenuous天真的83.jealous嫉妒的zealous热心的84.material材料materiel军备85.moral 品行端正的morale士气86.ordinance法令ordnance军械87.parish教区perish死88.perpetrate犯（罪）perpetuate使不朽88.personality人格personalty私人财产89.persecute迫害prosecute进行90.portable可携带的potable可饮用的91.prescribe开药方proscribe禁止92.reality真实realty不动产93.statue雕像stature身材94.vacation假期vocation职业95.alumna女毕业生alumnus男毕业生alumni毕业生96.amoral 非道德的immoral不道德的unmoral无关道德问题的97.avocation嗜好vocation职业vacation 假期98.biannual一年两度的biennial两年一次的99.chord琴弦cord细绳100.clench要紧牙关clinch是订牢111.climate气候weather天气pare 比较contrast对比113.connotation涵义denotation意义114.contemptible可鄙的contemptuous藐视的115.continual连续的continuous不断的116.credible 可信的credulous轻信的117.disinterested公正的uninterested不赶兴趣的118.disorganized杂乱无章的- 2 -unorganized未加组织的119.divers种种的diverse不同的120.dual 二重的duel决斗121.egoist利己主义者egotist自大者122.merge 出现immerge浸入123.emigrant 自本国移居他国者immigrant自他国移入者124.father更远的further更进一步的125.hanged绞死hung悬挂126.historic历史上著名的historical有关历史的127.human 人类的humane慈悲的128.imaginary虚构的imaginative富于想象的129.incomparable举世无双的uncomparable无法比较的130.incredible 难以置信的incredulous不信的131.apt易于liable易患的likely有可能的132.luxuriant繁茂的luxurious奢侈的133.moan呻吟mourn哀悼134.oral口头的verbal言辞的135.personal私人的personnel人员136.register登记registrars登记员137.sailer帆船sailor水手138.salon客厅saloon酒店139.subcoucious潜意识的unconscious失去知觉的140.transcript副本transcription眷写141.altar神坛alter改变142.ascent上升assent同意143.cannon大炮canon教规144.canvas帆布canvass兜售145.cession割让session开会146.faint 昏厥feint作假击147.intension激烈intention意图148.pray祈祷prey被捕食之物149.principal 首要的principle基本信条150.stationary固定的stationery文具151.address地址，发表演说attribute性质mittee委员会concert音乐会content内容153.converse N 相反的事物V 谈话154.desert N 沙漠V 舍弃155.digest N 摘要V 消化156.instinct N 本能 A 充满的157.intimate A 亲密的V 暗示158.minute N 分 A 微小的159.object N 物体V 反对160.refuse V 拒绝N 垃圾161.tear N 泪V 撕ed A 用旧了的A 习惯于163.aboard adv/prep.在船或飞机上abroad adv. 向国外；在国外，164.academic a.学术的,学者的academical a.学院的，大专院校的165.accept v.接受.except prep./v.除外167.acceptance n.接受acceptation n.字句的意义168.adhesive a.胶粘的cohesive a.紧密结合在一起的169.admission n.入场；入学，入会admittance n.入场170.adverse a. 相反的，不利的averse a. 反对的；不乐意的171.affectation n.影响；爱情affection n.矫揉造作affect v.影响effect v./n.产生结果;结果172. allusion n.暗示，隐喻illusion n.幻觉，错觉173.alternate a.轮流的，交替的，间隔的alternative a./n.二中择一的174.amend v.修正议案等emend v.校勘，校订175.amiable a.人和蔼可亲的am cable a.行为手势友好的176.ascend v.上升；攀登；追溯descend v.下降；代代传下来177.assent n./v. 同意，赞许ascent n. 上升；登高178.attempt n./v.试图，努力tempt v.诱惑179.blush v.因害羞或狼狈而引起的脸红flush v.因兴奋紧张喜悦而引起的脸红180.break n./v.休息；打破brake n. 刹车181.burnish v. 抛光；打磨furnish v. 供给182.bury v.埋葬berry n.浆果183.capital a./n.首要的；首都capitol n. 美国国会大厦184.cellar n. 地下室（贮藏粮食）seller n. 卖主；售货之物185.childish a. 孩子所特有的，幼稚的childlike a. 孩子们天真的，诚实的pliment v,/n. 向…致意，祝贺；表扬，赞美的话complement v./n. 补充；补充物prehensible a.能懂的，可以理解的comprehensive a.综合的，全面的188.congenial a. 义气相投的，合适的congenital a.天生的189.considerable a.相当的considerate a.体贴的190.corps n.特种兵团，军团corpse n. 尸体191.course n.课程；路线coarse a. 粗糙的，粗俗的- 3 -192.credible a.可信的，可靠的credulous a. 轻信的，易受骗的193.defective a.有缺点的有毛病的deficient a. 缺乏的，不足的194.detection n.查明，查出detention n. 扣留，扣押195.disinterested a.无私的，无偏见的uninterested a.不感兴趣的；漠不关心的196.dissent n./v. 持异议不同意descent n. 降下，下坡，家世197.distinct a.明显的；性质上不同的distinctive a. 区别的；鉴别性的；有特色的198.eatable a.新鲜的，可口的edible a. 可食的199.electric a. 用电的electrical a.与电有关的200.eminent a.杰出的imminent a.迫切的,逼近眼前的201.expand v.扩大膨胀，发展expend v. 花费202.extinguish v.熄灭（火光、希望等）distinguish v. 区别203.faint a.虚心的，怯懦的，微弱的feint n./v.佯攻假装204.flame n./v.光辉，火焰；燃烧，变红blame v.责备，归咎于205.flash n./v.闪光，闪烁flush n./v.脸色红润；面孔突然发红206.heal v.愈合heel n.脚后跟207.historic a.有历史意义的historical a.历史的，有关历史的208.hoarse a.声音发哑的coarse a.粗糙的,粗鲁的209.ignoble a.卑鄙的，出身卑贱的ignorant a. 无知的210.imaginative a. 富有想象力的imaginary a. 假想的imaginable a.可以想象得到的211.legislative a.立法的，立法权的legitimate a. 合法的，，正当的，合理的212.literal a.字面的literary a. 书面的文学的213.minor a./n小的；未成年者miner n.矿工214.negligible a.可忽略的，微不足道的neglectful a.不留心的疏忽的215.practicable a.可行的，行得通的practical a. 有用的，现实的216.principal a./n.主要的；校长principle n. 主义，原则217.reserve v.保留（意见）；预定preserve v. 收藏保存防腐conserve v. 保持，保存218.respectable a. 可尊敬的respectful a.恭敬的219.responsible a.负责的responsive a. 回答的，响应的220.seasonal a. 季节性的seasonable a.当令的，合时的，及时的221.sensible a. 觉察的，明智的sensitive a. 敏感的神经过敏的222.sensual a.肉体上的，肉欲的，淫荡的sensuous a. 感觉上的，感官享受的，引起美感的223.shameful a.可耻的ashamed a. 以为…是羞耻224.sore a.痛的，酸痛的sour a. 酸的225.suit n. 一套衣服,诉讼suite n. 房间器具的一套225.unable a.不能够，不会disable a. 使残废，使无能226.zealous a. 热心的，热诚的jealous a. 嫉妒的227..relieve减轻，解除，援助reveal 透露，暴露release 释放reject 拒绝，抛弃resolve 决心，决定，决议revenge 报复，复仇revenue 税收refuge 庇护，避难所revolt 造反，反抗228..contend vi.竞争，比赛，争论vt.主张，坚信content 内容contest 比赛，竞赛context 上下文contrast 对照，对比continents 大陆，大洲constituents 构成constructs 建造，构造constitutes 构成229.acclaim 向……欢呼，为……喝彩proclaim 宣告，声明exclaim 呼喊reclaim 要求归还，收回declaim 高声朗读230..acid 酸，酸的acrid 辛辣的arid，干旱的avid 渴望的avoid 避免231.abrupt 突然的corrupt 腐败的disrupt 分裂，瓦解erupt 爆发232.deduce 演绎seduce 诱使educe 引出，得出induce 劝诱reduce 减少，缩小233.detail 琐事，详情retail 零售entail 使承担234.evoke 唤醒invoke 调用provoke 激怒revoke 撤回235.expel 驱逐repel 反击impel 推动dispel 驱散compel 强迫236.mission 使命，任务，代表团admission，允许进入commission 委任emission 发射，散发permission 许可transmission 播送，发射missionary 传教士237.bubble 泡，泡沫pebble 卵石rubble 瓦砾，碎石238.reject 拒绝，对齐，排斥eject 逐出inject 注射deject 使沮丧- 4 -239.press 压suppress 镇压，抑制impress 印，留下印象depress 使消沉compress 压缩express 表达pressure 压力，强制，压迫240.resource 资源，财力recourse 求助，求援241.pose 造成（困难等）；提出（问题等）；陈述（观点等）compose 组成，写作dispose 处理，处置expose 使暴露impose 征税，强加oppose 反对purpose 打算suppose 推想，假设propose 提议，建议，提名，推荐242. product 产品production 生产produce 产物，农产品productivity 生产力243. success 成功succession 连续244. expansion 扩张，膨胀excursion 短途旅行existence 存在exchange 交换，交流245. recession 萧条，衰退concession 让步confession 招供，认错confusion 混乱，紊乱246. symptoms 症状，征兆syndrome 综合症状247. overhaul 彻底检查overflow 飞过overlap 部分重叠overcast 遮蔽248. process 过程，步骤，程序prospects 指经济方面的前景project 规则，方案，工程profile 侧影，外形249. praise 赞美braise 炖肉250. self-confident 自信的self-sufficient 自给自足的self-satisfied 自满的self-restrained 自我控制的251. assumption 假定，假设，多指无证据的设想；presumption 认定，推测，侧重有根据的推论252. consumption 消费resumption 回复253. attain达到，获得，尤指经过一定的努力而获得obtain，获得abstain 放弃retain 保留contain 包含254. distort 歪曲，曲解contort 因扭曲而变形retort 反驳255. concede 承认，让步accede 同意recede 后退precede 领先256. barely 强调程度rarely 强调频率257. worth be ~ sth/doing值得worthy be ~ of够得上，值得worthless 无价值的worthwhile 值得花时间的，值得做的258. distinguishing 分辨discovering 发现determining 确实detecting 察觉259. diluted 冲淡，稀释dissolved 解散，溶解dispersed 分散，散布diffused 散开，扩散260. interaction （with）与……的互相作用，互相影响assimilation （into）适应，同化，融入……cooperation （with）与……的合作consultation （with）和……的商议261. now that 既然（表条件）so that 以使，以至（表目的）262. even if 及时，表让步if only 但愿，希望，标示一种强烈的愿望，后接虚拟语气only if 只有在……的时候，表示对条件的强调as if 好像，仿佛，表比较263. origin 起源original 原创264. identical 同一的，同样的duplicate 复制的265. protest 抗议，反对（反对的内容已经实施）object 反对（反对的内容未曾实施）266. advise 给对方建议劝告对方，但对方是否接受不抱希望（弱势对强势）；suggest 建议希望对方做某事，往往带有敦促、鼓励或警告之意（强势对弱势）propose 提议，供大家讨论267. sick of 对…厌恶（尤指因食、饮、听、看过度引起的）tire of 厌倦，对…不感兴趣268. bind 有约束力的restrain 抑制的，遏制的，可指彻底阻止也可指将……纳入控制、约束之中，强迫意味，可表示自我抑制vtlimit （能力或数量上）有限的confine （空间上）受限的269. grant （由于慷慨、仁慈）给予某物，(通常是上对下、官方正式地)允许allow （一般意义上）允许permit (法律上、制度上)允许270. fare (特指交通等)费用fee (进入一个地方，如场馆、学校等)费用bill （用餐、电话等）账单- 5 -考研英语近义近形词辨析（一）1.climate：气候，风气，思潮circumstance：特指经济状况，表示环境，状况时常用复数atmosphere：气氛，氛围environment：指对人的感情、品德、思想等或动植物生存产生影响的环境surroundings：特指自然环境（地理概念）context:上下文2.vessel:血管，管道，一般指细小管道；route：路线，航线；path：乡间小路，公园小径；channel：海峡，渠道，管道；road:广阔平坦的大道，多指公路；way:可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路、方法；street: 尤指城市中的道路；highway: 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线;motorway（free way，express way）: 高速公路；lane: 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指小巷；pavement（sidewalk）:街道两旁的人行道；trail: 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道3. in place of指以甲到乙；instead of除代替外有对乙否定的意味，有时译为不4. as to：关于；for instance：后接一个句子或作插入语，放在句子中间或末尾，后面不能直接接宾语；such as：列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，用在句子中间,后面是such as之前内容的一个方面或补充；in particular：特别的，尤其，详尽的for example：举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，可位于句首、句中或句末5. tighten：加紧，收紧，侧重强调数量，活动，情感，不和control 搭配；intensify：加强，强化；fasten：系牢，扣紧，多接具体名词6. rough:指某物表面凹凸不平，不光滑；coarse: 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。
英语同义词近义词40条
英语同义词近义词40条（注意具体区分后使用）1.“改变，变化”——change，transform，switch，shift2.“放弃”——give up，quit，abandon3.“展示，显示”——show，demonstrate，indicate4.“好，棒”——good，excellent，outstanding，amazing，great，cool，terrific5.“许多，大量”——many，plenty of，a lot of，a great deal of6.“有帮助的”——helpful，useful7.“开心，高兴”——happy，cheerful，glad，joyful8.“缺点，短板”——shortcoming，vice，weakness9.“伤心，悲伤”——sad，grieve，sorrow10.“全世界，世界各地”——all over the world,all around the world,in the whole world11.“最终地，终于“——finally，eventually，in the end，ultimately12.“结束，停止”——end，cease，close，finish，stop，terminate13.“温和地”——softly，gently，mildly14.“几乎不”——hardly，barely，scarcely，seldom15.“发生”——happen，occur，take place，break out16.“看起来”——seem，look，appear17.“建造”——build，put up，construct18.“能干的，有能力的”——able，capable，efficient19.“快的，迅速的”——quick，fast，rapid，prompt20.“伤害”——hurt，harm，injure，wound21.“放弃，丢弃”——give up，abandon，desert，discard22.“毁坏，破坏”——damage，destroy，wreck23.“聪明的，明智的”——clever，smart，intelligent，bright，wise24.“稍微，少许”——a little，a bit，slightly，somewhat25.“得到，达到”——get，reach，gain，arrive26.“影响”——influence，impact，effect27.“忍受”——tolerate，stand，put up with，bear28.“失去的，不见的”——disappeared，missed，lost，absent29.“有趣的”——fun，funny，interesting，amusing30.“参加”——take part in，join in，participate in31.“明显的”——clear，obvious，evident，apparent32.“分开的”——apart，divided，separated33.“值得注意的，非同寻常的”——noticeable，remarkable，unusual，striking，extraordinary34.“购买”——buy，purchase35.“方法”——method，way，solution36.“奇迹”——wonder，miracle37.“因为，由于”——because of，due to，owing to，thanks to，as38.“有利的”——positive，favorable，profitable，beneficial39.“造成，引起”——cause，bring about，lead to，create，present40.“利用，使用”——use，employ，utilize，harness。
英语词汇近义词同义词
Glare at 怒目而视Stare at 呆呆盯着看Peer at 偷窥Age peers 同辈人Glance at 扫一眼Labor to 努力去Stick to 坚持=insist onAs well as =andMail carrier = deliver 投递员Assumption 假设来自动词assume猜测Presupposes 提前假设Abundant adj充足的Abound 充满不及物动词Presented 呈现现象Manifestation n显示表现示威运动旅客名单=obvious 显示明显的Statistic n ic结尾做名词统计数值Statistical adj 统计学的Statistical population distribution 统计学人口分布Stationary adj 固定的静止的Statement n陈述意见的表达Understatement n保守陈述不充分陈述Overstate v夸张描述Statesman 政治家Estate 房地产行业，身份，财产Workstation n工作台Broker 经济人Entertainment 娱乐圈Passenger乘客Messenger 信使Marketplace n市场Marked adj 显著的Remark v评论Remarkable adj 显著的非凡的Landmark n地表转折点=turning point里程碑=milestone Sights 景点Touchstone 试金石Verify 核查Inspect 审查Affirm v断定Assert v坚称断言=certainty n必然性Overvalued assets 高估资产Accounts 账户Informed citizenry 知识分子Former 前者Latter 后者Later 后面的State 州，国v陈述说明Status n地位情形状态Statute n法令犯规Institute n研究机构Positive 积极的Negative 消极的Discourse 演讲，发布内容公告Devastate v毁灭毁坏Devastating adj 毁灭性的Entities =body 实体Issue 争论，发行一部电影一本书Blot n污点Spot n斑点Hotspot 热点Hot-pot火锅Stain n污渍Stainless 不绣的~blade 刀Symbol n好的象征Symptom n 噩兆Booklet 小册子Triplets 三胞胎Deal with=cope with 处理处置应对Fever 发烧With 与某人一致Civil law 民法Legislation n 法律法规Lawful adj 合法的Lawsuit n诉讼Lawyer n 律师Attorney n检察官Public =mass 大众Mass media =mass networks 大众媒体Publication n出版发行=issue n文章v发表Publicity n 公众信息曝光度ity 抽象名词后缀Publicize v公开In public 当众Republican adj 共和党Organization n 组织机构Structure n结构Regime n 政体政权Democracy n民主党国家Federation n联邦制国家FBI 联邦调查局Federal Bureau of Investigation（调查）Bureaucracy 官僚主义Invest v投资CIA 中央情报局Central Intelligence agency Apparently 明显的Augment=enlarge v扩大扩充At large 一般地普遍地四处闲逛的Bulky adj 庞大的Except=not 否定Sensing 意识到Warriors 勇士Wanted 通缉犯Mean n平均值=on 啊average adj 吝啬By on means 绝不Be based on 依据By means of =rely on=depend on 依靠Live off 依赖。
2017中考英语1600词汇详解(完整版)
中考1600词汇详解Aa (an) art. 一个，某个，任何一个用法：不定冠词的常见用法：1）第一次提到，表示泛指。
2）含有数量“一”的概念，但是不如one 强烈。
ability n.能力；才干；才能短语：1. a man of ability 有能力的人2. the ability to do sth 做某事的能力able adj.有才干的；聪颖的短语：1. be able to do sth有能力做某事about prep. 对于，关于；大约；在….周围;短语：1. be about to 即将e.g. We were about to go when it suddenly rained.我们正要出发，突然天下雨了。
2.look about环顾四周3.run about跑来跑去4.What/How about…? 怎么样above prep. adj.在…之上；超过；大于，多于; 上面的；短语：1.above all 最重要的e.g. Above all, the work must be finished before nine by ourselves.最重要的是工作必须在九点之前由我们自己独立完成。
注意：above的反义词为belowabroad adv. 在外国；广泛地；传播短语：1. from abroad 从国外，从海外e.g. His parents has just come back from abroad.他的父母刚刚从海外回来，我们去看望他们吧。
2. go abroad 出国accept v.接受；赞同；欢迎；听从近义词辨析：accept 和receiveaccept 是“接受、认可“的意思，是收到并接受；receive 有”收到“的意思，但不一定接受。
e.g. I received a lot of gifts on my birthday, but I didn’t accept any.生日那天我收到许多礼物，但是我并没有收下任何礼物。
语言学2017-知识点总结
语言学2017-知识点总结Unit 1一：.Important distinction in linguistics1:prescriptive and descriptive (规范性和描述性）If the linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use , it is said to be descriptive.(be in or actually)If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for“correct and standard” behavior in using language, it is said to be prescriptive.(should be)2:synchronic and diachronic (共识的和历时的）synchronic is the description of a language at some point of time in history.diachronic is the description of language as it changes through time.3.speech and writingModern linguistics regards the spoken language as the natural or the primary medium of human language for some obvious reasons.ngue and parole (语言和言语）Langue refers to the abstract linguistics system shared by all the members of a speech community.Parole refers to the realization of language in actual use.5. Competence and performance （语言的能力和表现）competence is the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language ;performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.6.traditional grammar and modern linguistics (传统语法和现代语言学）二.Design features of language●arbitrariness(任意性）：it means there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds.●productivity（生产性）:language is productiveor creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.●duality（双重性）：language is a system,which consists of two sets of structure of levels.●displacement(替代性）：language can be used to refers to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.●cultural transmission（文化传递): it is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning.Unit 2（重点）一：the speech organslips,teeth,teeth ridge,hard palate,soft palate,uvula,tip of tongue,blade of tongue,back of tongue(most flexible),vocal cords,pharyngeal cavity,nasal cavity二.phone，phoneme and allophone（音素，音位和音位变体）Phone is a phonetic unit or segment.Phoneme is a phonological unit;it is a unit that is of distinctive value, and it is a abstract unit.抽象的概念Allophones is different phones represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments .三.phonemic contrast,complementary distribution and minimal pair (音位的对立，互补的分布，最小对位）If they are two distinctive phonemes, they are said to form a phonemic contrast.If they are allophones of the same phoneme,they do not distinguish meaning but complement each other in distribution.When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same position in the strings,the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair.3.Morphology形态学Morpheme: the smallest unit of language that carriers information about meaning or function.Morph:when people wish to distinguish the sound of a morpheme from the entire morpheme, they may use the term morphFree morpheme:可单独存在有实际意义boy/read Bound morpheme:必须与其他连用-s.-erDerivational morpheme:改变词意[n→adj] Inflectional morpheme:不改变词性[改变时态-ed]Compounds 合成词3.Syntax 句法Phrase structure rule:NP, VP, AP[adjective phrase], PP[prepositional phrase]XP rule: XP→(sp ecifier)X(complement) X represent the head N,V,A,P and P representcomplementPhrase elements:a. Specifiers--determiner, qualifier, degree words b. Complements--provide information about entities and locations whose existence is implied by the meaning of the head.c. Modifiers 修饰语5.Semantics 语义学→meaningThe naming theory 命名论(proposed by Greek scholar Plato): the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for, but this theory seems applicable to nouns only and abstract notion, such as joy and impulse, can not be named. The conceptualist view 概念论: linked through themediation of concepts inthe mind and can name theabstract notion semantic triangle/ triangle of significance 语Refer ent(t Symbo l/for Thought/ref意三角(suggested by Ogden and Richards)Contextualism语境(J.R.Firth): meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context--elements closely linked with language behavior.Behaviorism行为主义(by Bloomfield): situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.Lexical meaning(词汇意义):a. Sense and reference[sense意义: is concerned with the inherent meaning of a linguistic form, the collection of all its features; it is abstract and de-contextualized可以脱离语境./reference所指: means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience客观事实存在)b.major sense relations:①synonymy近义词[dialectal synonyms方言同义词--used in different regional dialects e.g.BritishEnglish(autumn)&AmericanEnglish(fall)//stylistic synonyms语言的文体同义词，正式程度不同--differing in style e.g.dad, father//synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning情感态度不同e.g.collaborator, accomplice//collocational synonyms搭配不同 e.g.accuse, accuse..of//semantically different synonyms语义不同e.g.amaze, astound]②polysemy多义词:have more than one meaning③homonymy同音异义词④hyponymy下义词 e.g. superordinate上义--general meaning(animal)//hyponyms下义--specific words(dog, cat)⑤antonymy反义词[gradable antonyms等级反义词 e.g.middle-aged, elderly//complementary antonyms互补反义词e.g.male,female//relational opposites关系反义词e.g.patient,doctor]句与句之间的关系:synonymous同义/inconsistent自相矛盾/entails or entailment上下义，一个句子意思包含另一个句子/presupposes or prerequisite预设前途/contradiction一句话前后自相矛盾/semantically anomalous语义异常Analysis of meaning:ponential analysis成分分析[a way to analyze lexical meaning]:this approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.e.g.father=+human+adult+animate+male//b.pre dication analysis述谓分析[[a way to analyze sentence meaning]:predicate谓词+argument论源(除动词以外的)6.Pragmatics语用学Definition:it is a study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.Pragmatics VS.Semantics:difference--whether in the study of meaning the context of use is consideredContext: it determines the speaker’s use of language and also the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him. The notion of context is first noted by the British linguist John Firth in 1930s, and constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.Speech act theory:a.Austin’s model of speech acts:①made a distinction[constatives陈述--were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable//performatives表达--were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable] ②three acts: locutionary act言内行为(本身意义literal meaning), illocutionary act言外(弦外之意expressthe speaker’s intention), perlocutionary act言后(带来的后果resulting from saying something)b.Searle’s classification of speech acts:when people are speaking a language, they are doing sth, or performing acts; and the process of linguistic communication consists of a sequenceof acts.Illocytionary point:representatives/assertives阐述directives指令commissives承诺expressives表达declarations声明宣告c.Indirect speech acts: primary speech act--the speaker’s goal of communicationsecondary speech--the means by which he achieves his goalsPrinciple of conversation会话原则[by Grice]: conventional implicature规约含义(是一个群体的规范惯例，说话时大家都能理解)//particularized conversational implicature特殊会话含义(当新的信息出现，寻找特殊会话含义)Cooperative Principle(CP)[by Grice]:The maxim of quantity数量原则:make your contribution as informative as required/do not make your contribution more informative than is requiredThe maxim of quality质量原则: do not say whatyou believe to be false/ do not say that for which you lack adequate evidenceThe maxim of relation关系原则:be relevantThe maxim of manner方式原则:avoid obscurity of expression/ avoid ambiguity/ be brief/ be orderlyChapter7 Language ChangeLexical and semantic change:词汇和语义变化Addition of new words1)Coinage新造字及词语（Kodak）2)Clipped words省略词（gym-gymnasium）3)Blending合成词（smog=smoke+fog）4)Acronyms首字母缩写（CEO=chief executive officer）5)Back-formation逆构词（to donate-derived from donation）6)Functional shift词性转变7)Borrowing借用（外来语）●Loss of words（beseem-to be suitable）●Semantic changes1)Semantic broadening词义变宽（holiday）2)Semantic narrowing词义变窄（meat）3)Semantic shift词义变化（lust）The causes of language change●The rapid development of science and technology●Social and political changes and political needs●Women have taken up activities●The way children acquire a language●“Economy of memory”which results in grammar simplificationChapter8 Language and SocietyThree types of speech variety:话语群体\共同体Regional dialects, sociolects, registersVarieties of language语言变体●Dialectal varieties1)Regional dialect方言变体2)Sociolect社会方言3)Language and gender4)Language and age5)Idiolect个人习语6)Ethnic dialect种族方言●Register语域Halliday’s register theory:The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register.分类：field of discourse语域、语场tenor of discourse 语旨mode of discourse 语式Eg: a lecture on biology in a technical collegeField: scientific Tenor: teacher-students(formal-polite) Mode: oral(academic lecturing)Field of discourse refers to what is going on: to the area of operation of the language activity.Tenor of discourse refers to the role of relationship in the situation in question: who the participants in the communication groups are and in what relationship they stand to each other.Mode of discourse mainly refers to the means of communication.Pidgin and Creole洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语A pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.When a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community, and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language, it is said to have become a creole.Bilingualism and diglossia双语（类别）和双言（体裁）Two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes, this constitutes the situation of bilingualism.Diglossia: in a diglossic situation two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play.Chapter9 Language and CultureThe relationship between language and cultureLanguage symbolizes cultural reality.Diachronically, any culture has its focus on how the social group represents itself, its technological achievements, monuments and works of art; synchronically, its historical identity is recorded and passed down by the pop culture.Culture also affects a discourse community’s imagination, or common dreams which aremediated through the language and reflected in their behavior and life.The relation of language and culture is that of part to whole.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis:Sapir and Whorf believe that language filters people’s perception and the way the categorize their experiences.This interdependence of language and thought is now known as SWH.Three forms of culture contact are identified: acculturation, assimilation, and amalgamation.Acculturation is the process of changing in material culture, traditional practices, and beliefs that occurs when one group’s cultural system interferes with that of another, directly or indirectly challenging the latter to adapt to the ways of the former.文化适应，外来文化有力量，自己适应外来的。
英语词汇近义词和反义词.
英语词汇近义词和反义词.第一篇：英语词汇近义词和反义词.论文浅谈英语词汇中的同义词和反义词摘要：汉语中有近义词和反义词之说，同样道理，英语词汇中，也有同义关系和反义关系的分类。
同义词在英语文章中的显现能够证明学习者词汇量的大小，而反义词则是在写作中尤为重要，俗语或者谚语以及对偶句的应用往往使文章出彩，甚至起到强调警示的作用，令人印象深刻。
当然，他们也有场合的差异，色彩的不同，甚至不同的人选词也会不尽相同。
而且，他们的应用无疑给英语的学习带来了便利和兴趣。
Abstract: There are two kinds of words－synonym and antonym in Chinese.In fact, about English vocabulary, there are synonym and antonym classified by relations words.Generally, synonym may be a sign of your vast words, however, antonym appearing in proverb and balanced sentence could color and prominent your article and writing.Of course, there are differences among the occasion, word coloring and position if they are spoken or written by people.This point is of importance.In all, synonym and antonym used widely contribute to English learning.关键词：同义词反义词对偶句谚语应用提纲： 1.开篇总述 2.同义关系（1）语义差别（2）感情色彩的差别（3）语体色彩（4）写作时从句中运用以及修辞上的应用 3.反义关系（1）换位反义词的对立统一（2）谚语和对偶句的应用一、概述英语词汇可以按照不同的角度分为很多类，而在此着重讲的是词的语义分类（semantic classification of words）。
2017考研英语同义词辨析强化词汇记忆
2017考研英语同义词辨析强化词汇记忆来源:文都图书考研英语有5500词,我们在学习词汇的过程中,会遇到很多近义词,有时候因为我们的不熟悉,或者说是不了解,容易造成记忆混乱,因此我们要认真研究这些近义词,区分其意思的细微差别,及其用法的区别。
1. 表示“范围”的单词Scope、scale、extent、range、reach首先这四个单词均为名词词性。
Scope 会特指一个抽象的范围，比如势力范围，听力范围，以及人的见识，学习的广度等等，也可以具体指导弹，火箭等的射程范围;总的来说就是可以控制和掌控的区域;比如：China will further expand the scope of its opened-up area.Scale 更多的强调的是规模的大小，可测量的比如：the scale of a hill , enlarge the scale of a factory Extent 它的动词形式为extend，词义为“延伸”所以名词形式的意思也是“延伸，扩展”之意，是一个单维度的概念，指能延伸到的范围和程度，通常用于短语中：to some extent，to a certain extent等，Range 一般指某个限度之内的范围，比如价格幅度，比如山脉通常也有固定的搭配，range from…to…指范围从。
到。
Reach 具体指手的触及范围下面是一些简单的例句帮助大家来理解这几个词：The bird now came within my ______ of vision. scopeKeep the pills out of the ______ of the children! Reach Is Romanticism in the ______ of your book? ScopeThis thermometer has two ______ marked on it， one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade .Scale 表示测量的刻度2. “改变”shift, transform, alternate, concert，alter, vary这一组词均有“改变”之意，具体区别及用法如下：Shift 具体指位置，方向上发生了变化和改变Transform 指彻底改变了外形，特征等Alternate 指两者交替变化Convert 指由一种形式或用途改变为另一种形式或用途Alter一般强调大小或样式的改动，局部性的改动。
英语词汇近义词总结归纳
英语词汇近义词总结归纳
众所周知gre考试改革，侧重考察考生的逻辑推断能力，虽然新版gre词汇量下降20%，取消了类比考生不用再为背生僻的词汇发愁，而句子填空习题习题型又新增单空双选，很明显考察gre近义词或者同义词甚至是两个意思接近或者感情色彩相同的词汇的考察增加了难度。
阴郁,黑暗,坟墓
gloom n.黑暗，忧郁 | gloomy adj.阴暗的，没有希望的 | saturnine adj.忧郁的，阴沉的
sepulchral adj.坟墓的，阴深的 | somber adj.忧郁的，阴暗的 | surly adj 脾气暴躁的，阴沉的
tenebrific adj 阴沉的 | glum adj 闷闷不乐的，阴郁的
dismal a 阴沉的,凄凉的,暗的n 低落的情绪,沼泽
Ｓtygian a 地狱的,冥府的,阴间的, 阴森森的,黑暗的 | murky adj.黑暗的，朦胧的
penumbra n.半明半暗之处，边缘部分 | cemetery n.坟墓，公墓 | necropolis n.公墓
sepulcher n.埋葬所，坟墓 | epitaph n.墓志铭
忧郁,悲伤,号哭
gloom n.黑暗，忧郁 | hypochondria n.忧郁症，臆想病 | hypochondriac n.忧郁症患者的
melancholy adj.忧郁的，令人悲伤的 | saturnine adj.忧郁的，阴沉的
somber adj.忧郁的，阴暗的 | sullen adj.忧郁的，不快乐的 | triste adj 悲哀的，忧郁的?。
100个近义词单词辨析
1. abandon desert discard quitabandon: 放弃，丢弃，抛弃。
指因为外界的压力或影响完全放弃，因迫不得已而放弃，如: abandon obligation 放弃任务。
desert:抛弃，舍弃，指某人或某物在困境中“被抛弃”。
如: desert the baby after giving birth 生下婴儿后将其抛弃。
discard: 丢弃，抛弃（老朋友或旧物）。
如:discard one’s old friends 抛弃老朋友。
quit: 离开，退出，突然放弃。
指主动放弃或离开。
如: quit one’s job 辞职。
2. abolish cancel remove eliminateabolish:废除，强调对法律或旧习惯的废除。
如: abolish slavery 废除奴隶制。
cancel: 取消，强调对原定的会议、计划、安排等取消。
如: cancel the meeting 取消会议。
remove: 出去，撤去。
强调位置的移动或从远处消失。
如: remove the stain from clothes 清除衣服上的污渍。
eliminate: 除去，剔除，淘汰。
强调使彻底消失。
如: eliminate sb. From competition 把某人淘汰出局，eliminate poverty 消除贫困3. abuse curse condemn criticizeabuse:谩骂，辱骂；滥用，虐待。
指出口恶言骂人。
curse:诅咒，咒骂。
表示愤怒或嫉恨。
condemn: 谴责，强调由于不良行为或过失而受到强烈谴责。
用于正式、严肃的场合。
criticize: 批评某人，强调指出某人的错误或不足之处。
4. accelerate speed hasten quickenaccelerate: 加速，既可指使物体加快速度运动，也可指使事情进程加快。
如：accelerate the economic growth 加快经济增长的速度。
英语近义词大全
英语近义词大全英语近义词 11. 自行车bike---bicycle2. 上above ---on3. 父亲father---dad4. 下under---below5. 晚上evening ---night6. 孩子 kid --- child7. 说speak--- talk/say8. 快乐glad --- happy9. 快fast --- quick10. 妈妈 mother ---- mum11. 听hear --- listen12. 后面 below --- under13. 看see--- watch/look14. 快 faster--- quick15. 你好hello--- hi16. 电影 movie --- film17. 礼物gift--- present18. 飞机 plane--- airplane19. 笑laugh--- smile20. 多much--- many21. 商店Shop--- store22. 小 few---little/small23. 讨厌hate---dislike24. 开始begin---start25. 学习learn--- study26. 大 big--- large27. 照片picture ---photo28.厕所toilet—WC29.课程class —lesson30.每个人everyone—everybody31.每个人glass —cup32.钱包purse— wallet33.家home—house34.美丽beautiful—pretty35.通常usually—often36.旁边near —beside37.花园garden —park38.桌子desk —table39.湖泊river —lake40.回家go home —come home41.刚刚amomentago—justnow42.大量的a lot of —lots of — many43.擅长begoodat—dowellin44.当然of course —sure45.来自于befrom—comefrom46.散步take a walk —go for a walk47.坐公交takeabus—bybus48.想要would like —want49.寻找look for— find50.会meeting---party英语近义词 21. above 在……上-- below 在……下2. after 在……后 -- before 在……前3. all 全部 -- none 全无4. alone 单独地 -- together 一起5. always 总是 -- sometimes 有时6. answer 回答 -- ask 询问7. answer 答案 -- question 问题8. back 背部 -- front 前面9. bad 坏的 -- good 好的10. badly 恶劣地 -- well 很好地11. beautiful美丽的-- ugly丑陋的12. before之前 -- after之后13. begin 开始 -- end, finish 结束14. best 最好的 -- worst 最坏的15. better 更好的 -- worse 更坏的16. big 大的 -- small, little 小的17. black 黑的 -- white 白的18. borrow 借入 -- lend 借给19. both 两者都 -- neither 两者都不20. break 打破 -- mend, repair 修理21. busy 忙碌的 -- free 空闲的22. buy 买（入）-- sell 卖（出）23. certainly 当然地 -- perhaps, maybe 或许；大概24. cheap 便宜的 -- expensive, dear 昂贵的25. clean 干净的 -- dirty 肮脏的26. clever 聪明的 -- foolish 愚蠢的27. cloudy 天阴的 -- bright, clear, sunny 晴朗的28. cold 寒冷的 -- hot 炎热的29. come 来 -- go 去30. cool 凉爽的 -- warm 温暖的31. danger 危险 -- safety 安全32. dark 黑暗的 -- bright, light 明亮的33. day 白天 -- night 夜晚34. dead 死的 -- alive, living 活的35. death 死亡 -- life 生命36. die 死去 -- live 活着37. down 向下 -- up 向上38. dry 干燥的 -- wet 潮湿的39. early 早的 -- late 迟的40. easy 容易的 -- difficult, hard 困难的；艰巨的41. empty 倒空 -- fill 装满42. empth 空的 -- full 满的43. entrance 入口 -- exit 出口44. fall 落下 -- rise 升起45. far 远的 -- near 近的46. fast 快-- slow 慢47. fine 晴朗的 -- cloudy, rainy 天阴的`下雨的48. finish 结束 -- begin, start 开始49. first 最初的 -- last 最后的50. foreign 外国的 -- home 本国的英语近义词 3consideration――account体谅，考虑，需要考虑的事项，报酬appalling――dreadful令人震惊的，骇人听闻的anyhow――anyway无论如何，总之achieved――attained完成，达到account for――explain说明，占，解决，得分bearing――influence轴承，关系，方面，意义，barren――bare不生育的，贫瘠的，没有结果的blend――mix混和(或admix)concise――short and clear简明的，简练的courteous――wel l-informed有礼貌的，谦恭的credible――convincing可信的，可靠的contended――argued斗争，竞争，主张converted――changed使转变，转换使……改变信仰census――count人口普查conscientious――careful尽责的consolidated――strengthened加固的; 整理过的contaminated――polluted污染accused of――charged with控告，谴责，非难alloca ted――assigned / distributed分派，分配annoying――irritating恼人的，讨厌的allocate――assign分派，分配a branch――a division枝，分枝，分部，分科，部门，abnormal――unusual反常的，变态的英语近义词 4encourage – inspire – push 鼓励，激励no longer – no more 不再admit – acknowledge 承认allow – permit 允许state – declare – announce 宣布，声明regret – sorry 遗憾的remove – get off 脱下start – begin 开始observe -- stick to 遵守previous – former 以前的maintain – hold – think 认为cause – bring about – lead to – result in 导致error – mistake 错误component – ingredient – element 成分solve – settle 解决(问题)英语近义词 5above-on（在……上）ago-before（在……以前）also-too（也）animal-beast（野兽）answer-reply（回答）arrive-reach（到达）ask-beg（请求）ask-question（问）baby-child（小孩）beat-hit（打）beautiful-pretty（漂亮的）because-for（因为）begin-start（开始）below-under（在……下）beside-by（在……附近）bicycle-bike（自行车）big-huge（大）broad-wide（宽的）business-trade（生意）bye-goodbye（再见）cast-throw（扔）cause-reason（理由）centre-middle（中间）close-near（近的）clothes-dress（衣服）coat-jacket（外衣）collect-gather（收集）common-ordinary（普通的）complete-finish（完成）copy-write（抄写）correct-right（正确的）country-state（国家）cup-glass（杯）desk-table（桌）difficult-hard（困难的）dig-pick（掘）door-gate（门）each-every（每）earth-world（世界）evening-night（夜晚）excellent-wonderful（好）excuse-pardon（原谅）famous-well－known（著名的）fast-quick（快）friendly-kind（友好的）gift-present（礼物）glad-happy（快乐的）goat-sheep（羊）grandmother-grandma（奶奶）grass-weed（草）grow-plant（种）have to-must（必须）healthy-fine（健康的）hear-listen（听）hope-wish（希望）illness-sickness（病）ill-sick（病的）information-message（信息）job-work（工作）joy-happiness（快乐）kill-murder（杀）kind-type（类型）laugh-smile（笑）learn-study（学习）like-love（喜欢）little-small（小）look-see（看）mouse-rat（耗子）nice-good（好的）people-person（人）question-problem（问题）quiet-silent（安静的）rise-raise（升高）road-way（路）sad-sorry（难过的）shop-store（商店）speak-say-talk-tell（说）tour-travel-trip-journey（旅行）university-college（大学）voice-sound-noise（声音）wear-put on（穿）。
英语四级近义词和近形词
1. arise, rise, raise, arouse2. abandon, refuse, dismiss, deny, eliminate, avoid, escape, prevent, refrain, discard3. accuse, charge, sentence, persecute, testify, justify, witness4. acquire, obtain, win, achieve, accomplish, gain, grasp, seize, earn, fulfill5. alone, lonely, lonesome, lone6. amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, startle7. anxious, eager8. apposite, opposite9. arrive, reach10. ascetic, aesthetic11. assemble, accumulate, gather, accommodate12. assure, ensure, insure13. awake, wake, waken, awaken14. base, basis, foundation, root15. beneficent, beneficial16. board, aboard, broad, abroad17. ban, ignore, neglect, overlook, prohibit, deny18. bother, disturb, trouble19. agree, approve, consent20. calculate, estimate21. celebrate, commemorate22. censor, censure23. childlike, childish24. compared to, compared with25. comprise, consist, include, involve26. comprehensive, comprehensible27. consequent(ly), subsequent(ly)28. consider, considering, considerate, considerable, consideration29.conscious, consciousness, unconscious, unconsciousness, subconscious, subconsciousness30. consist of, consist in31. convince, persuade, trust, believe32. cost, spend, afford, take33. crises, crisis34. definite, definitive35. discreet, discrete36. distinct, distinctive37. forbid, prohibit, ban, prevent38. judge, witness, lawyer, attorney39. sometime, some time, sometimes, some times40. official, officious41. principal, principle 42. profession, occupation, position, job, career43. priority, necessity44. punctual, timely, instant, swift45.restrain, hinder, prohibit, restrict, stop, prevent, ban, confine46. rigorous, vigorous47. rural, rustic48. saw, sew49. cultivate, grow up, raise, rear50. disappear, fade, vanish, blend51. entitle, empower52. gaze, stare, glare, peer, glance, glimpse53. late, lately, later, latest, latter, letter54.vary, variety, variable, invariably, various, varied, variant, alter, transfer, shift55. pollute, ruin, destroy, damage, hurt56. adapt, adopt57. apply, imply, supply, complypose, comprise, constitute, consist, contain59. affect, affection, effect, infect60. anticipate, participate,61. attract, distract, contract62. charge, offer, cost, expend, spend, recharge, change, exchange63. complement, compliment64.conserve, conservation, conservative, converse, preserve, reserve, deserve65. consume, presume, assume, resume66. press, depress, compress, impress, oppress, express, repress, suppress67. compress, shrink, decrease, decline, drop, diminish, alleviate, worsen68. dispose, compose, impose, oppose, suppose, expose, pose69. distribute, attribute, contribute70.aspire, aspiration, inspire, inspiration, conspire, expire71. exceed, proceed, succeed72. conceal, reveal, avail73. interact, integrate, intervene, intensify74.prescribe, describe, inscribe, ascribe, subscribe75. transfer, transit, translate, transmit, transform, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation76. alcohol, wine, beer, spirits77. affair, accident, incident, case, event, situation, happening78. altitude, attitude, latitude, longitude, magnitude, multitude79. aspect, respect, inspect80. bargain, goods, commodities81. brain, head82. capital, money, currency, coin, banknote, interest, check83. character, characteristic, feature, virtue, property84. circle, circuit, circular, circulate85. circumstance, surroundings, environment, setting86. climate, weather87. campaign, battle, conflict, clash, crash, collision, war, struggle88. conscience, conscientious89. custom, tradition, habit, hobby, fancy90. desert, dessert91. emergency, urgency92. fault, error, mistake, shortcoming, blunder93. flash, flesh, fresh94. hospital, clinic, physician, surgeon, hospitality, hostile, hostility95. identity, status, position, job96. journal, magazine, issue, column97. journey, excursion, voyage, flight, travel, tour, trip98. lamb, lame, lamp, damp, limp99. land, territory, room, space100. method, way, solution, answer101. motion, movement, campaign102. pay, income, salary, wage, pension, dividend 103. prize, price, award, reward, scholarship104. sigh, sign, signal, signature, signify, symbol, label, mark, symptom105. statue, stature, status, statute, statutory106. summit, peak, mountaintop, climax107. range, level, extent, degree, quantity, total 108. appearance, outlook, temper, personality109. acceptable, available, advisable, applicable, adaptable, adequate110. ability, capacity, capacity, faculty, gift, power, talent111. acquaintance, friend112. acute, chronic113. artificial, fake, false, man-made, manual114. average, normal, common, regular, ordinary 115. bare, empty, naked, vacant, vacuum, blank, bald, bleak, barren, hollow 116. brave, bold117. casual, causal, causality118. classic, classical, classify, clarify, clarity119. continual, continuous, constant, persistent, steady, frequent, repeated120. economic, economical121. effective, efficient122. electric, electronic123. eligible, illegible124. elusive, illusive125. emigrate, immigrate126. erotic, exotic127. everyday, every day128. explicit, implicit129. famous, infamous, notorious130. heroin, heroine131. historic, historical132. idle, idol133. illegal, illegitimate134. imaginary, imaginative, imaginable, imagine 135. indispensable, necessary, essential, basic, fundamental136. industrial, industrious, industry137. infer, imply138. judicial, judicious139. legible, readable140. respectable, respectful, respective, irrespective, respectively141. literal, literally, literary, literate, illiterate, illiteracy142. live, alive, lively, living143. main, major, superior144. negligent, negligible145. personal, private, individual, own146. perspective, prospective, respective147. possible, probable, likely148. precede, proceed149. sensible, sensitive, sentimental150. one another, the one…the other151. barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely152. cheek, cheer, cheese, check, chase, chip153. pine, pink, pipe, pin154. clarity, prosperity, intensity, density, popularity, ability, possibility, opportunity155. motive, distinctive, initiative, interactive156. inefficient, ineffective, inaccurate, inadequate,indispensable157. exchange, exposure, expansion, expensive 158. mentality, morality, majesty, majority, minority 159. resource, requirement, resolution, response 160. recession, depression, panic161. settle, solve162. scrape, scratch, scrub163. restore, resume164. replace, substitute165. quiver, shake, shiver, tremble166. pace, rate, speed, velocity167. origin, source168. manner, means, method, way169. lean, skinny, slender, slim, thin170. landscape, scene, scenery, sight, view171. keep, preserve, retain, save, reserve, store172. hurt, injure, damage, wound, destroy, ruin, spoil 173. hire, lease, let, rent174. glare, gleam, glitter, glow, sparkle175. former, late176. flourish, flower, thrive177. feeble, fragile, weak178. fantasy, illusion179. excuse, forgive, pardon180. exceed, overtake, surpass181. evil, wicked, vicious182. encourage, inspire, motivate, spur, stimulate 183. elevate, hoist, lift, raise184. drag, draw, haul, pull185. doubtful, suspicious186. differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, separate 187. delay, postpone, suspend188. decrease, diminish, lessen, reduce189. dash, hurry, jog, race, rush190. cry, exclaim, scream, shout, yell191. condemn, criticize, denounce, reproach, scold, blame192. complex, complicated, elaborate, sophisticated 193. competition, contest, event, game, match, race 194. cheat, deceive, fool, trick195. chase, follow, pursue, tail, trace, track, trail 196. chart, diagram, graph, illustration, sketch, table 197. cast, fling, hurl, throw, toss198. brand, breed, category, kind, make, model, sort, species, type199. bush, forest, jungle, shrub, woods 200. edge, margin, rim, verge201. bold, brave, courageous, heroic202. betray, disclose, discover, expose, uncover 203. actual, authentic, genuine, real, true204. assembly, conference, congress, convention, gathering, meeting, seminar, session, summit, symposium205. assassinate, butcher, execute, kill, massacre, murder, slaughter206. appeal, attract, charm, fascinate, interest207. agreement, contract, convention, pact, treaty 208. accustomed, conventional, habitual, traditional 209. able, accomplished, capable, competent210. alternate, alternative。
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高考英语近义词（分类）整理动词类：1“看” look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice注意catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见 see a film watch TV2“说” tell sth tosb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容 talk with sbabout sth 强调说话者之间的交流Say sth诉说的内容 speak inEnglish说的语言whisper sth to sb 耳语 Informsb of sth 通知某人某事 reason/talk/persuade sb into doingsth 说服某人做某事 bargain讨价还价 chat聊天 repeat重复 explain解释 warn警告remind提醒Discuss 讨论debate辩论 figure指出declare宣布claim自称mention 提起 admit 承认deny 否绝describe描述announce 公布introduce 介绍complain抱怨3“叫” cry哭叫 call叫 shout大喊 scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh 叹气quarrel大吵4“问” ask 询问interview 采访express表达 question审问5“答” answer回答 respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复6 “听” listen to听的动作 hear听的结果 pick up收听 overhear无意听到7“写” dictate听写 write sth 写describe描写 drop a line 写信draw画take down/write down写下，记下8“拿/放” take拿走 bring拿来 hold举着 carry扛，挑（无方向性）fetch拿来拿去 lift举 put放lay 铺/放置 pull拉/push推9“抓” take hold of 抓着seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠10“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到 blow吹刮attack攻击11“扔” throw扔 drop掉放弃错过fall 倒下无意掉下来wave 招手shake摇12“送” send寄送 deliver递送 give给 offer 主动给予see off 给某人送行13“摸/抱” touch摸/fold折叠 /embrace拥抱/ hug抱/hold 握 in one’s arms14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲15“行” walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳slip溜come/go enter进入move搬迁drive开车ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进16“坐” sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back/ onone side/ on one’s stomach stay inbed have a rest take a nap打盹 beasleep bend turn over翻身 rest18“笑” smile 微笑（不出声） laugh burst into laughter burst outlaughing19“哭” cry shed tears 留泪 weep呜咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying20“找/查” find找到 look for正在找过程 find out查明 discover/explore 发现/探索hunt for search for seek / seek for in searchof寻找 Search sb 搜身 search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地check检查，核实 examine 考察发现问题/体检test检测，检验 inspect视察21“穿” put on 动作wear穿戴have on试穿 be dressed in 穿的状态make-up化装get changed换衣服 be in red Takeoff 脱remove 去除22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸 have a meal havesupper toast tastetreat sb to请某人吃 help oneselfto 随便吃23“得” get obtain acquire获得知识和技能 gain possess24“失” lose 丢了be lost /be missing人错过失踪，不见 gone 不见（物） great loss die die off相继死去 dieaway 逐渐消失25“有” have 有 own是自己的 conquer征服 occupy占有=possess26“无” nothing left the remainingthing disappear be missing /gone27“增/减”rise/ goup /drop人主动抬价 raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease28“买/卖” buy purchase afford pay pay off payfor sell on sale bargainBill / cheque / cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts29“存在/消失”come intobeing exist appear survive live show turn upDisappeardie die out pass away be out of sight30“变化” develop improve become grow go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without（negative adj.）turn + clour change/changeinto reform31“认识的过程”feel sense guess suppose wonder doubt know /learn realizeUnderstand remember be familiarwith recall recite apply to32“成功/失败”make it succeed make progress come true realize one’s dream winLose fail todo failure defeat suffer loss beat turn sth. Into reality 33“努力” try /manage make efforts attempt do ones best do as much as one can to do34祝贺 congratulationson sb celebrate observe 庆祝get together 聚会35赞美/批评praise think highly of / blame sb for sth/ sb is to blamecriticize /scold sb. for sth. have a low opinion of sb Speak ill of36喜/恶 like love be fond of be keen on be crazy about adore be into prefer enjoy in favorof dislike hate be awful/disgusting ignore tu rn off37判断 think believe consider find feel conclude inferdoubt38到达arrive at reach return to get to stay in sp visit leave leave foron one’s way to upon one’s arrival on doing sth39受伤hurt injured wound cut kill drown bleed get burnt suffer fromsuffer a loss40损坏damage destroy ruin break down be broken crash41修复 repair rebuild restore fix recover oneself42支持/反对agree disagree accept receive refuse turn down be against elect vote for/ against43 做饭 cook wash cut chop boil fry steam make mix clean brush cover uncover cooker44 建议advise suggest recommend urge propose demand persuade 说服45 花费 sth/doingsth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford+n/to do sthIt +take some time/money/energy +to do sth sb+pay+$ forsth. at one’s expense46 省/存钱 save /save up set aside put away spare no effort/time47 参加 take partin join /join in attend compete in/for/against48控告accuse sb. of charge sb. With49 救治help /help out save /rescue sb from sth. Treat过程/cure 结果sb. of sthAid sb in doing sth /to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth50敬佩admire respect show respect for/to adore envy /be jealousy in honor of51逃避 ran away escape from flee hide52 阻止/禁止prevent / keep/ stop sb.From doing sth forbid doingsth. Ban prohibit53 对付/处理handle / do with / dealwith /tackle /overcomesth solve settle54 效仿 copy imitate learn from learn54 爆发/发生 come about happen to take place break outburst out gooff explosion55安装/装备 fasten fix set equipbe armed with 用什么武装 be equipped with装备有56 追求pursuit ranafter seek after chase catch up with赶上 keep up with跟上57 想/考虑think of 考虑/+as把什么看成think about想起 considerthink over仔细考虑 be concerned 担心 be considerate towards sb.58 打算 plan / intend /design to do be going to do /be about todo/will do59 似乎/好象 seem appear look like as if as though60 开办/关闭open start set up close/close up end close down 名词类“1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off2旅游trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking3职务人员clerk secretary passer-by friend minister managerwaitress guest host hostessAssistant customer adult neighborrelative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacherConductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard4餐馆/定餐/就餐inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Tastedelicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin5诊所/看病/服药clinic hospital take one’s temperature takemedicine/pills have afever/flu/headache doctorphysician surgeon specialist patient6车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.7身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse w rist8意志 will couragepatience determinationfaith effort confidence ambition energy9才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proudStrict honest cold serious easy-going lear ned knowledgeable10优缺点advantage disadvantage strength weakness11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith12方式means method way manner approach13身体素质strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put onweight14图表photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图15文章reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志diary日记 Files form make a list of16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes wordsphrase scholarship degreeSubject questiontrouble difficulty grades read comment marks17 学校活动match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ceremony18建议/观点advice suggestion idea proposal view recommendation19气候/天气climate weather stormwindy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth20交通 by train/bus/boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bikegive sb. alift/ride21习惯habit custom get used to regular有规律的（形容词） practice惯例（名词）22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow24 财富money possessions wealth belongings fortunestreasurediamond be rich/well-off25 运动比赛on the playground on the track andfiled pitch event game match sportsplayer Coach judge jogging weightlifting playvolleyball/soccer/26衣服 clothes, cloth,clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of27事件 incident,accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故形容词类1人的各种感受乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused悲sad unhappy painful bitter平静calm quiet silent/still peaceful烦bother bored be fed up with震惊surprised astonished shocked /amazed怕 in fear be frightened /scared /afraid失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed满意be satisfied with /be content to do生气Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage2 表程度的副词类narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quiteaccidently/ once in awhile occasionally/ once far / by far Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus易考的近义词组run/ manage grow/plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ matchHit/ beat/strike meet/satisfy touch /feel play /performerContain/ hold /seat/fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ doFall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ accountCause/ reason that’s why/ that’s because because/ since,as/ forLast/ continue keep/stay/ treat/ cure/operate separate/ divideStand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/range Provide/supply/offer/ give/send完形填空高频词组1．with the help of 在～～帮助下2．under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下3．be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格4．be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格5．at present=at the present time 目前6．for the present 暂时7．in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下8．under the sun 在世界上9．lie in 位于～～之内10．lie on 同～～接壤11．lie to 位于～～之外12．at least 至少13．in the least 丝毫，一点14．by name 名叫15．in the name of 以～～名义16．in the air 空中，在流传17．on the air 播出18．in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法19．In a way 在某点上，在某种程度上20．get one’s own way to do 随心所欲21．give way 让步，屈服22．lose one’s way 迷路23．by the way 顺便说一下24．on one’s way to 在去～～的路上25．Come this way 这边走26．at the corner 在拐角处（外角）27．in the corner 在角落里（内角）28．on the corner 在角落上（外角上）29．judge by / from 根据～～来判断30．judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断31．at the end (of) 在～～结束时32．at the beginning of 在～～开始时33．at the back of 在～～背后，支持34．at the age of ～～岁时35．at the foot of 在～～脚下36．at the bottom of 在～～底部37．at the top of 在～～顶上38．at/on the edge of 在～～边上39．in the course of 在～～过程中40．in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里41．in the face of 面对～，尽管，纵使42．in the middle of 在～中间43．in the end =at last=finally 最后44．on the eve of 在～～前夕45．on the side of 在～～一边46．after a time = after some time 过一段时间后47．for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间48．behind time 迟到，过期49．behind the times 落在时代后面50．at no time 决不51．in no time 立即，马上52．at one time = once time 曾经53．at a time = each time 每次54．at times = sometimes 有时55．at all times 经常，一直，始终56．at the same time 同时57．at the time 在～～的时候58．by the time 到～～的时候59．for a moment 一会儿60．for the moment 暂时61．at the moment 当时62．the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那63．once or twice 一两次64．more than once 不止一次65．once more 重新，又66．once upon a time 从前67．once in a while 偶尔1. 以break为中心的词组break away from 脱离，逃离break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚break in 闯进，打断；使顺服break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚break the law 违反法律break the record 破记录break one’s promise 失言break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解2. 以catch为中心的词组be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车catch a cold 伤风，感冒catch one’s word 听懂某人的话catch sight of 发现，瞥见catch up with 赶上，追及，追上3. 以come为中心的词组come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付come along 一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击come back 回来；恢复，复原come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come from 来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成come into power 开始执政，当权，当选come into use 开始使用，获得应用come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出come to know 开始了解到come out 出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于come to an end 终止，结束come true 实现，成为现实；证实come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽4. 以do为中心的词组be done in 精疲力竭be done with 完全结束do a good deed 做一件好事do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 doharm to (=do sb. good) 有害于do its work 有效，有作用do much 极有用do wrong to 做错do one’s best尽某人最大努力do one’s homework 做作业do one’s utmost 尽力而为do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生 dosb. a favor 帮助某人do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮do with 和~~相处，忍受，处理do without 不需要，不用do wonders 创造奇迹have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关have something todo with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下That will do. 行了；够了5. 以get为中心的词组get about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传get above oneself 自视高傲get accustomed to 习惯于，对~~习以为常 get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解get ahead of 胜过，超过get along 前进，进步；同意；离去get along with 与~~相处get at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击have got to do 不得不，必须get away 离开，逃脱get back 取回，回来；报复get behind 落后；识破get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁 get downto 认真对待，静下心来get familiar with 熟悉get hold of 获得，取得get home 到家get in 进入，陷入；牵涉get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处get upon with 进步；在~~方面获得成功get one’s hand in 熟悉；习惯get out of 由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get ready for 为~~作准备get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through 到达，完成，通过；及格get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织get used to 习惯于6. 以give为中心的词组be given to 沉溺于，癖好 give about 分配；传播give and take 相互迁就give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give back 归还give cause 给予~~的理由give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出，放出；发表give in 屈服，让步，投降give in to 同意，接受；向~~让步give off 发出（烟，气味）give oneself out tobe/as 自称为give oneself up to 专心于；向~~自首 give out 分发，公布give place to 让位于，被~~所替代 give rise to 引起，导致；使~~发生give sb.to understand 通知某人give up 放弃；停止give way to 让步，退却；屈服于7. 以look为中心的词组look about 四下环顾；查看look after 照顾，看管look around 东张西望look at 注视，着眼于look back 回顾 look for 寻找；期待，期望look down on 俯视；轻视look forward to 盼望，期待look into 窥视；调查；浏览look like 看起来象look on 旁观；面向look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防look over 从上面看过去；检查look through 透过~~看去；看穿；浏览look up to 仰望，尊敬8. 以make为中心的词组be made from 由~~原料制成be made of 由~~材料制成be made up of 由~~组成make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗make a mistake 弄错make a point of doing 强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持make advantages/useof 使用，利用make after 追求，追赶make believe 假装make certain 确信，把~~弄清楚make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系make for 去向，向~~前进；有利于make friends with 和~~交友make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为make much of 重视；理解；赏识make one’s mind onsth. 决定某事make one’s own 当作自己的看待make oneself athome 随便，别拘束make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认make the best of 尽量利用；极为重视make up 弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装make up to 接近，巴结；向~~求爱make way for 为~~让路，让路于on the make 急求成功；增加9. 以put为中心的词组put aside 把~~放在一边；搁置；排除put away 把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉put back 把~~放回原处；驳回put down 放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议put ~~ into 把~~放入；插入；翻译成put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞put on 上演；穿上，带上put up with 忍受，容忍put one’s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列10. 以take为中心的词组be taken aback 吃惊take a seat 就坐take a shower 淋浴，洗澡take aim 瞄准，设立目标take away 拿走，减去；夺去take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜take one’s place 就坐，入坐take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责take office 就职，上任take ~~ for 把~当作take off 脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱take one’s temperature 量体温take part in 参与，参加take it easy 别着急，慢慢来take place = happen 发生，举行take the place of 代替take pride in 以~~为荣，对~~骄傲take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊11. 以turn为中心的词组give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法in one’s turn 轮到某人做某事out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的take one’s turn to do 轮到做turn a blind eye to 对~~视而不见turn against 背叛，采取敌对态度turn back 折回，往回走turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑turn into 走进；变成，变为turn to ~~for help 求助于turn off 关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产turn on 打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向turn out 培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是turn over a newleaf 翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策turn to 变成；着手于turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱。