染整专业英语词汇选ranzheng

染整专业英语词汇选原料方面涤纶：ployester锦纶：nylon/polyamide醋酸：acetate棉；cotton人棉：rayon真丝：silk人丝：viscose长丝：filament短纤：spun黑丝：black yarn阳离子：cation氨纶：spandex/elastic/strec/lycra纱线 Yarns棉纱 Cotton Yarns涤棉纱 T/C & CVC Yarns粘棉纱 Cotton/Rayon Yarns棉晴纱 Cotton/Acrylic Yarns棉/氨纶包芯纱 Cotton/Spandex Yarns棉与其他混纺纱 Cotton/Others Blended Yarns毛纺系列纱线 Woollen Yarn Series羊绒纱 Cashmere Yarn Series全羊毛纱 Wool (100%) Yarns毛晴纱 Wool/Acrylic Yarns毛涤纱 Wool/Polyester Yarns毛粘纱 Wool/Viscose Yarns麻棉混纺布：linen/cotton blended fabric 粒粒绒布：pellet fleece velvet 麻棉交织布：linen/cotton mixed fabric 素色毛巾布：solid terry素色卫衣布：solid fleece彩条汗布color-stripes single jersey鱼网布：fleece里料：lining面料：fabric平纹：taffeta缎面：satin / charmeuse斜纹：twill绡：lustrine提花jacquard烂花：burnt-out格子：check条子：stripe双层：double – layer双色：two – tone花瑶：faille雪纺：chiffon高士宝：koshibo乔其：georgette塔丝隆：taslon弹力布：spandex/elastic/strec/lycra 牛仔布：jeanet牛津布：oxford帆布：cambric黑条纺：black stripe水洗绒/桃皮绒：peach skin卡丹绒：peach twill绉绒：peach moss玻璃纱：organdy染料方面碱性染料：basic dyes酸性染料：acid dyes活性染料：reactive dyes分散染料：disperse dyes阳离子染料：cation dyes还原染料：vat dyes直接染料：direct dyes硫化染料：sulphur dyes非偶氮染料：azo free dyes助剂、工艺及设备singe v. 烧毛singeing n. 烧毛desize v.退浆desizing n. 退浆gray goods 坯布，本色布works n.工厂examine v.检查piece n.一匹，一片gas singeing 气体烧毛scour v.煮练，净化bleach v.漂白degumming n.脱胶kier n.煮布锅pad v.轧染，浸轧subject v.使受到……alkali n.碱impurity n.杂质calcium n.钙impregnate v.浸透，浸轧impregation n. 浸透，浸轧pile v.堆放liquor n.液squeezer n.轧车cylinder n.圆筒，烘筒，滚筒mercerize v. 丝光处理；碱化处理calico n.印花棉布，（英）平纹布filter v. 过滤n.过滤器，过滤用物质shrink v.缩小，收缩lustrous n.有光泽的heat setting热定型majority n.大多数，大半woven adj.纺织的，织成的knit v.针织，编织preparatory adj.准备的，初步的release v.释放，放松strain n.张力，变形creasing n.折皱，皱纹bond n.键，接合，链合restraint n.约束，抑制orientation n.取向，定方位crystallinity n.结晶度（性）modify v.改变，改进，修饰hydrosetting n.湿（热）定型染色：dyeing,direct printing 直接印花transfer printing 转移印花thicken v.使变稠（厚，浓）roller printing滚筒印花screen printing筛网印花block printing模版印花carrier n.染色载体，运载工具engrave v.雕刻stenciling n.刻花版，刻版印花plate screen printing平网印花rotary screen printing圆网印花涂层：covering,coating，复合：compound,composite,印花：printing,贴合：laminate,磨毛：sanding,压光：cire, calender,wash out colors（拔染）discharge print（拔染印花）softening and antistatic agents 柔软及抗静电剂water and oil-repellent agents 防水防油整理剂insect-resist agents 防虫剂thickeners 增稠剂crosslinking agents 交联剂emulsifiers 乳化剂氯漂白 chlorine bleach spotting非氯漂白 non-chlorine bleach漂白 bleaching热（干态） dry heat热压 hot pressing印花牢度 print durability摩擦轧光整理：friction finish轧光整理：calender finish起绒整理：fleece finish阻燃整理：flame retardant finish柔软整理：mellow finish喷墨印花：busy print扎染：tie dye段染：space dye颜料染色：pigment dyequickwash shrinkage tester 快速洗水缩水试验机washing fastness tester 水洗牢度机martindate aorasion tester 耐磨损测试机universal strength tester 万能强力测试机light fastness tester 日晒牢度仪hank drier 绞纱烘燥机liquid-flow hank dyeing machine 液流式绞纱染色机normal temperature oscillating dyeing machine 常温振荡试样机sparging（jet）dyeing machine 喷射式染色机high temperature overflow dyeing machine 高温溢流染色机high temperature and high pressure yarn dyeing machine 高温高压染纱机atmospheric overflow dyeing machine 常温溢流染色机rope impregnating mangle 绳状浸染机resin finishing 树脂整理starch finishing 上浆颜色方面红色red朱红vermeil; vermilion; ponceau粉红pink; soft red; rose bloom玫瑰红rose madder; rose桃红peach blossom; peach;橙色orange黄色yellow桔黄orange; crocus; gamboge;深桔黄,深橙deep orange 米黄apricot cream cream中黄midium yellow嫩黄yellow cream绿色green橄榄绿olive green olive水草绿water grass green深草绿jungle green灰湖绿agate green水晶绿crystal green中绿medium green; golf green浅绿light green淡绿pale green蓝色blue天蓝sky blue; azure celeste;蔚蓝azure; sky blue海洋蓝ocean blue紫色purple; violet紫罗兰色violet葡萄紫grape茄皮紫aubergine; wineberry玫瑰紫rose violet黑色black土黑earth black煤黑coal black橄榄黑olive black棕黑sepia; brown black白色white象牙白ivory white; ivory珍珠白pear white gray lily玉石白jade white灰色grey; gray银灰silver grey;chinchilla; gray mom 铁灰iron grey铅灰lividity; leaden grey碳灰charcoal grey驼灰doe豆灰rose dust棕色,褐色brown红棕umber;chili金棕auburn铁锈棕rustic brown桔棕orange brown橄榄棕olive brown棕褐summer tan茶褐auburn umber黑褐black brown咖啡色coffee紫酱色marron茶色umber;dun;dark brown琥珀色amber;succinite栗色chestnut;sorrel;marron金色gold古金色old gold银色silver;argent铅色lividity锌色zinc铁锈色rust青古铜色bronze;bronzy黑古铜色dark bronze紫铜色purple bronze黄铜色brassiness驼色camel;light tan米色beige; buff;cream;gray sand卡其色khaki奶油色cream豆沙色cameo肉色flesh , carnation;incarnadine; yellowish pink水晶色crystal荧光色iridescent产品检验及标准方面质量标准：quality standard拉伸强度：tensile strength客检：customer inspection台板检验：table inspection经向检验：lamp inspection皂洗色牢度washing color fastness色牢度color fastness摩擦色牢度：rubbing / cricking color fastness 光照色牢度：light color fastness汗渍色牢度：perspiration color fastness水渍色牢度：water color fastness尺寸稳定性：dimensional stability外观持久性：appearance retention撕破强度：tear strength接缝滑裂：seam slippage抗起毛起球性：pilling resistance耐磨性：abrasion resistance拒水性：water repellency抗水性：water resistance织物密度：thread per inch/stich density纱支：yarn count克重：weight氯漂白色牢度：chlorine bleach color fastness 纤维成分 fibre composition染料识别 dyestuff identification靛蓝染料纯度 purity of indigo含水率 moisture content可萃取物质 extractable matter填充料和杂质量 filling and foreign matter content 淀粉含量 starch content甲醛含量 formaldehyde content甲醛树脂 presence of formaldehyde resin棉丝光度 mercerisation in cottonPH值 PH value环保专业英语竞赛复习题Ⅰ.Words.aerosols 气溶胶/ 气雾剂agricultural wastes 农业废物commercial noise 商业噪音composite pollution 混合污染dioxins 二恶英hazardous substances 危险物质hazardous wastes 危险废物heavy metals 重金属hospital wastes 医院废物industrial effluents 工业废水industrial emissions 工业排放物industrial fumes 工业烟尘industrial noise 工业噪声inorganic pollutants 无机污染物lead contamination 铅污染liquid wastes 液体废物litter 丢弃物/ 废气物mercury contamination 汞污染micropollutants 微污染物mining wastes 采矿废物motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放物municipal waste 城市废物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物noise pollution 噪声污染odour nuisance 恶臭公害organic pollutants 有机物污染pharmaceutical wastes 医药废物plastic wastes 塑料废物radioactive substances 放射性物质rubber waste 橡胶废物sewage 污水solid wastes 固体废物thermal pollution 热污染toxic substances 有毒物质toxic waste 有毒废物toxins 毒素traffic noise 交通噪音trash 废物/ 垃圾wood waste 木材废料biological weapons 生物武器cement industry 水泥工业chemical weapons 化学武器chimneys 烟囱motor vehicles 机动车辆motorcycles 摩托车nuclear weapons 核武器ocean dumping 海洋倾倒oil spills 石油泄漏scrap metals 废金属excavation heaps 挖掘堆积acoustic insulation 隔音chemical decontamination 化学污染清除desulphurization of fuels 燃料脱硫filters 过滤器noise abatement 噪音治理pollution abatement equipment污染治理设备pollution control technology 污染控制技术radiation protection 辐射防护scrubbers 洗涤器separators 分离器smoke prevention 防烟waste minimization 废物最少化battery disposal 电池处理chemical treatment of waste 废物的化学处理disposal sites 处置场所incineration of waste 废物焚烧mine filling 矿山回填oil residue recuperation 残油回收recycled materials 回收的材料recycling 回收reuse of materials 材料再利用sanitary landfills 卫生填埋sea outfall 海洋排泄口septic tanks 化粪池sewage disposal 污水处置sewage treatment systems 污水处理系统solid waste disposal 固体废物处置waste assimilation capacities 废物同化处置waste conversion techniques 废物转化技术waste disposal 废物处置waste disposal in the ground 废物土地处置waste recovery 废物回收waste use 废物利用water reuse 水的再利用Environmental problemsWater pollution 水污染Air pollution 空气污染Global warming 温室效应Water quality 水质Wastewater 废水Environmental Monitoring 环境监测Pesticides 农药Fossil Fuel 化石燃料Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Surface runoff 地表径流Eutrophic 富营养化BOD 生化需氧量TOC 总有机碳Ecosystem 生态系统Metabolic activities 新陈代谢COD 化学需氧量Microorganism 微生物persistent organic pollutants难降解有机污染物Population explosion 人口膨胀radioactive waste management放射性废物管理Ⅱ. Multiple choice: For each of the questions below there is one correct (or most appropriate) answer. X-out the letter identifying your choice of answer for each question on your exam-paper.1. Soil science include two main divisions, the one which studies soils as the habitat for plants and other organisms is calleda)Edaphology b) pedology, c) soil science, d) geology2.Of the following weathering processes, the one belonging to physical weathering isa) hydrolysis b) carbonation c) hydrationd) abrasion caused by bombardment of minerals by materials suspended in wind3.Soil porosity is a measure of pore space. It is usually inversely correlated witha)bulk density, b) particle density, c) texture, d) soil separates4.The quantity of water that a soil can release to plant is calleda)field capacity, b) permanent wilting point, c) available water capacity,d) plant available water5.Of the following fertilizers and soil amendment, the one which is most soluble isa)CaHPO4b) CaSO4.2H2O c) KCl d) CaCO3.6.Of the following fertilizers and soil amendment, the one which is least soluble isa)Ca(H2PO4)2, b) CaSO4• 2H2O, c) KCl d) NH4NO3.7. A gardener uses a wheat straw-mulch between rows of cool-season vegetables (carrots, beets,radishes, etc.) which are successfully grown in the spring. In early summer, the mulch and plant residue is incorporated by cultivation before planting warm season plants (melons, squash, etc.). No fertilizer has been added for several years as the gardener practices “organic” gardening. The warm season plants show a chlorosis of the older leaves during rapid plant development. You suspect the cause to bea)microbial immobilization of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.b)microbial mineralization of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.c)microbial nitrification of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.d)potassium deficiency.8. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing at least a temporary decrease inammonium-N, increase in nitrate-N, and decrease in pH isa)mineralization. b) nitrification. c) denitrification. d) immobilization.9. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing at least a temporary increase inammonium-N isa)mineralization. b) nitrification. c) denitrification. d) immobilization.10. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing a decrease in nitrate-N underanaerobic conditions isa)mineralization. b) nitrification. c) denitrification. d) immobilization.11.When ammonia reacts with water, the result isa)increased nitrate and decreased pH. b）decreased nitrate and increased pH.c)increased ammonium and decreased pH. d) increased ammonium andincreased pH.12.Available soil nitrogen may be lost as ammonia volatilization when nitrogen is present in theammonium form anda)the soil is limed and then becomes hot and dry.b)b) the soil is limed and then becomes waterlogged.c)the ammonification process is reversed as a result of incorporating a fresh supply ofeasily decayed crop residue.d)denitrification takes place rapidly.13.The nitrogen fertilizer material that has the highest likelihood of being lost to the atmosphereas a result of surface soil reactions isa)ammonium nitrate b) urea c) ammonium sulfate d)diammoniumphosphate.14.The form of calcium absorbed by plants isa)Ca-b) Ca=c) Ca+d) Ca++15. A homeowner has a compost bin filled with oak leaves raked from their lawn last fall. Theleaves have been maintained moist and turned about twice a month, but very little composting has occurred. You expect the composting process could be speeded up bya)turning the pile more frequently to improve aeration. b) adding N fertilizer.c)adding P fertilizer d) adding K fertilizer.16.The immobility of P in soils is primarily a result of orthophosphatesa)reacting with Ca in acid soils and Fe and Al in neutral and basic soilsb)being immobilized in soil organic matterc)reacting with Fe and Al in acid soils and Ca in neutral and basic soilsd)reacting with K in acid soils and Ca in neutral and basic soils.17.The acronym “CROPT” for five soil-forming factors meansa)climate, relief, organism, parent material and timeb)climate, tillage, organism, parent material and timec)climate, topography, organism, parent material and temperatured)climate, relief, organism, parent material and temperature18.The sodicity of irrigation water is evaluated by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the thresholdof SAR for an irrigation water is set ata) 5 b) 9 c) 11 d) 1819.Of the following cases, the least soil erosion occurs witha) continuous fallow, b) no-tillage c) typical row crop d) corn-soybean rotationyer silicate minerals are sometimes defined on the basis of the number of the octahedralpositions occupied by cations. Normally, in a trioctahedral mineral, the cation isa) Mg2+b) Al3+c) Si4+d) Mn2+III. Convert the following scientific terms into chemical symbols1) ammonium ion; 2) hydrochloric acid; 3) sulfuric acid; 4) tetravalent silicon cation; 5) ammonium nitrate; 6) gypsum; 7) calcite; 8) urea; 9) potassium chloride; 10) mono-ammonium phosphate.答案：1) NH4+, 2) HCl; 3) H2SO4; 4) Si4+; 5) NH4NO36) CaSO4.2H2O; 7) CaCO3; 8) (NH2)2CO; 9) KCl; 10) NH4H2PO4Ⅳ. Reading comprehention:AAre you doing all you can to recycle your rubbish? It only takes a minute to recycle and help reduce waste in your home as well as the costs of waste management. Here are some ideas to get you started.A Never throw away vegetable matter. Start a compost (混合肥料) bin in your garden. You'll be amazed how much this can reduce the bulk (体积) of your rubbish andit's great for the garden, too.B Don't throw used containers in the rubbish. Get into the habit of sorting them into recycling categories (class or group of things)—glass, aluminum (铝), plastics and paper.C Glass containers can be placed in the bottle banks at supermarket car parks throughout the city. Look for the big green bins. Or you can leave your bottles out for collection on Monday morning.D Aluminum cans can earn you cash so don't just throw them away—save them and save money. Ring your council to find out when they collect.E Paper is easily recycled. Weekly collections are common in most areas. Make sure you place recyclable paper in the black bins provided. Ask the council offices if you don't already have a bin. But remember, waxed paper is not accepted.F Most plastic bottles and containers can be recycled. Look on the bottom of the container for the identification (识别) code.65.The following four pictures are mentioned in .A. Item A,C,D,FB. Item A,B,D,FC. Item B,D,E,FD. Item B,C,D,E66. You can make money by saving .A. paperB. glass bottlesC. plastic bottlesD. aluminum cans67. Which of the following statements is true to the facts about waste management?A. All paper can be recycled.B. The recycling code is found on the side of plastic bottles.C. All plastic containers can't be recycled.D. You can put glass containers in the park.BAs a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the U.S.A. and Canada, is now without many living things.Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons" killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton (浮游生物). These organisms are the food of fish, birds, and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die, too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river's edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources, sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂) is used in the homes, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water, birds, breaking down the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous materials in it, such as copper and lead.So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple. Sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water reservoirs. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.68. Pollution in water is noticed .A. when the first organisms are affectedB. when a great many fish and birds dieC. when poisons are poured into waterD. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed69. The living things die because there is no in the lake or river.A. oxygenB. poisonC. waterD. fish70. What is the meaning of “waterproof", the underlined word in the third paragraph?A. Full of water.B. Covered with water.C. Not allowing water to go through.D. Cleaned by water.71.The way to stop water pollution is .A. to put oxygen into the riverB. to realize the serious situation clearlyC. to make special room in the sea for our wasteD. to make the waste material harmlessCPart AIn 2001 the United Kingdom was hit again by foot-and-mouth disease, the first time since the 1960s, causing a national crisis. However, much of the panic and confusionwas spread largely as a result of ignorance of the disease.Foot-and-mouth is a highly contagious (传染性的) disease found in Africa, South America, Asia, the Middle East and parts of Europe. It affects cloven-footed (偶蹄) domestic animals such as cows, pigs, sheep and goats, as well as wild animals like rats and deer and zoo animals such as elephants. Horses, however, cannot contract (感染) the disease.It is very rare for humans to catch the disease. Indeed, only one case has been recorded in Great Britain and that was in 1967.Part BFoot-and-mouth disease is insidious (潜伏的) and can be spread by direct or indirect contact with infected animal. The disease can be spread in the wind, and can also be spread by people, equipment or vehicles which have been in contact with the disease.Although the authorities do not really know where this latest outbreak of the disease originated, it can enter a country in frozen meat imported from other countries where the disease is common. Unlike Mad Cow Disease (BSE) and the human equivalent CJD, foot-and-mouth has no implications (牵连) for the human food chain. Any meat, milk,cheese, and other dairy products can be consumed quite safely.Part CIt seems that the only way to contain the disease is to kill infected animals. There is no curefor the disease, and although adult animals normally recover in 2~3 weeks, they sadly remain carriers of the virus (病毒) for up to two years.From the time the disease was first reported to the time the epidemic (流行) was officially declared over, one and a half million and more domestic animals were slaughtered and large areas of the countryside were closed to the public. These areas included parks, woods and forests, and various leisure attraction situated in the countryside.65. The main purpose of writing this text is ________.A. to warn people of the danger of the diseaseB. to describe the disaster caused by the diseaseC. to share some of the facts about the diseaseD. to declare the success in control of the disease66. Foot-and-mouth disease is insidious because it is spread ________.A. by farmers and farm vehiclesB. in so many different waysC. by being carried in the airD. mainly by people who have been in contact with infected animals67. How is foot-and-mouth different from Mad Cow Disease?A. It affects the human food chain.B. People cannot consume dairy products.C. It is found in frozen meat.D. Meat is still safe to eat.68. The underlined word “they" in Part C refers to ________.A. diseasesB. infected animalsC. adult animalsD.2~3 weeksDBiological Invasion (入侵): Rabbits, an Australian Way of Life When introduced to Australia, rabbits proved a disaster. The story is from multiple sides—from how rabbits destroyed vast zones of grazing land (畜牧场), to what natives thought, to the 1930s Depression (大萧条) when rabbits kept hungry stomachs full.Rabbits, even with human help, took some six centuries to spread throughout Britain. They spread faster than any introduced mammal (哺乳动物) anywhere. They moved 10 to 15 kilometres a year through forests and up to 130 kilometres across open country.Rabbits ate seedlings until no plants remained left. Grazing animals starved. Pasture and soil disappeared. After 1880, many rabbit-control methods were tried but nothing worked.Rabbits reached central Australia in 1894. T. Tjupurrula tells how his father saw one of the first rabbits in Pintupi country, Northern Territory, in 1908:“That yumpita's had gone into a hole. Might be dangerous one. Look-out! : Nose, whiskers big one eyes, long one ears: Alright, he's not dangerous one, he's only eating grass.”Big landowners hated rabbits. Yet many small farmers and poorer Australians, both European and natives, needed them. For the price of a cheap rifle or a few steel traps, they had an endless supply of meat for their families and skins to sell for cash. Many a kid of the Depression years remembers creeping out into the forest to trap rabbits for breakfast. Just 30 years after rabbits were introduced, governments were offering a small fortune for a way of finishing them. Many methods of rabbit control failed. Instead, Australians learned to keep out further species that might run wild. From 1940 onwards, the Commonwealth (联邦) Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) experimented with chemical and biological methods of rabbit control. Fumigation (烟熏法) seemed promising, but under pressure from land-holders, CSIRO used myxomatosis (多发性粘液瘤). It spread rapidly, killing millions of rabbits.68. During the 1930s Depression, in Australia, rabbits _______.A. were food for hungry peopleB. ate up huge areas of grazing landC. were killed for funD. made grass-eating animals starve69. Rabbits moved ________.A. more slowly in open country than in woodsB. in woods as fist as in open countryC. much faster in open country than in woodsD. slowly in woods as well as in open country70. In the 1930s Depression years, Which is NOT mentioned?A. poorer Australians could afford to buy rifles to kill rabbitsB. wealthy Australians disliked rabbits deeplyC. most kids experienced rabbit-hunting for mealsD. the rich land-holder also sold rabbit skins for money71. Ever-growing rabbits ______.A. were an only supply of skins for the poor to change for cashB. were a disaster for humans to balance natureC. can only be controlled by chemical methodsD. didn't draw the Commonwealth government's attentionEThere is much discussion today about whether economic (经济的) growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have proved proper. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much , too fast.Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is coming near to certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible bad effects of industry on the natural environment ,and the continuing increase in the world's population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial(财政的) resources required to protect out natural surroundings from industrialization.This discussion over the desirability of continued economic growth is very important to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored(忽视). To find an answer, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.72. According to those who argue against economic growth we must slow down for the followingreasons EXCEPT that .A. our natural surroundings are in danger of being destroyed by industryB. the fixed supply of natural resources marks a point beyond which economic growth cannotcontinueC .the world population is ever increasingD. more effects should be made to improve the quality of our material life73. The passage is mainly about .A. the importance of the discussion on economic growthB. the advantages and disadvantages of economic growthC. the present discussion on economic growthD. the relationship between economic growth and environment74. We may infer from the context the underlined word“proponents”most probably means .A. arguments in support of somethingB. disagreementsC. people who argue for somethingD. people who argue against something75. We may infer from the passage that .A. the author describes the case as it isB. the author is for economic growthC. the author is against continued economic growthD. the author is very much worried about the problems caused by continued economic growthV.Write a short paragraph in Chinese to explain the following passage. Translation is unnecessary.AWater pollution Attention for water pollution exploded in the 1980s.The oil spill of the Exxon Valdez showed many around the world just how horrible the effects of water pollution could be. However, even the Exxon Valdez spill barely touched the surface of the problem of water pollution. The ship spilt only 5%of the oil split that year, and oil is just one of many pollutants that people dump into the water every year,14 billions pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world’s oceans,19 trillion gallons waste also enter the water annually.BThe problem of protecting the environment from pollution and contamination by various types of discharges is now in the focus of attention all over the world. Together with the development of industry and transportation, and also with the growth in the assortment of chemicals, there is a continuous increase in pollution. This is a global process which has two principal aspects—pollution of the atmosphere and pollution of the aquasphere. The problem created by the continuous, accelerated pollution of the atmosphere, especially in the environment of large cities and industrial centers is extremely acute. At present hundreds of millions of tons of divers substances which are a source of harm to the health of people, plant life, and useful micro-organisems are discharged to the atmosphere. The volume of these discharges to the atmosphere is continuously increasing together with industrial growth; in the last decade the volume has doubled and in a number of large industrial cities and centers the concentration of harmful impurities is already impermissibly high and the level is dangerous for health and plant life.CEnvironmental problems are always interrelated. Sometimes a solution to one problem actually creates another problem. For example, when people are sick and dying from disease, it is natural to want to improve human health. when health is improved and infant mortality is reduced, a population explosion may result. To feed this growing population, natural habitats are often destroyed by turning them into farmland. As natural habitats are destroyed, the wild plants, predators, parasites, outbreaks of insect pests become more common. Farmers use pesticides to control the pests and protect the corps, but in the process the environment becomes polluted. The development of this entire cycle in itself consumes fossil fuel supplies that are becoming scarce. In addition, when fuels are burned, air pollutants are generated.。