城市植物群落研究综述_英文_
调查植物英语作文45句
调查植物英语作文45句Title: Exploring the Wonders of Plant Life.Plants, the silent guardians of our planet, are often overlooked in their significance. They stand tall, roots deep in the soil, leaves reaching towards the sun, and flowers blooming with beauty. Their existence is not just a part of the natural world; it's a vital component of our survival. As I embarked on this journey to investigate plant life, I discovered more than just their physical beauty; I found a world of wonder, complexity, and interdependence.My expedition began in the lush green forests, where towering trees seemed to touch the sky. The canopy above provided a cool shade, and the undergrowth was a maze of diverse plants. Each species had its unique way of adapting to the environment, from the vines that缠绕树木, to the epiphytes that grow on other plants. The intertwining roots and branches formed a complex network, supporting eachother in a symbiotic dance of life.In the meadows, I found a different story. The flowers there were vibrant and colorful, attracting pollinatorslike bees and butterflies. The delicate petals andintricate stamens were designed perfectly for reproduction. The fragrance of these flowers filled the air, a sweet symphony of nature's perfumery.But plants are not just about beauty; they are also survivors. In the deserts, where water is scarce, plants have evolved unique survival mechanisms. Some have developed deep roots to access groundwater, while others have become experts at conserving water. Their leaves are thick and succulent, storing water for future use. Even in the harshest conditions, these plants refuse to give up, a testament to their resilience and adaptability.My investigation also took me to the aquatic world. The 水下植物 world was a whole new realm of wonders. From the floating leaves of the lotus to the graceful roots of the mangrove, each plant had its own way of navigating thewatery world. They provided habitats for aquatic creatures and helped stabilize the soil, protecting the shoreline from erosion.Back in the laboratory, I delved deeper into the science of plants. I learned about photosynthesis, the process that converts sunlight into energy for the plant. The chloroplasts in their cells are tiny factories, churning out oxygen and glucose, sustaining not only the plant but also the entire animal kingdom.Plants also have a remarkable communication system. They "talk" to each other through underground networks of roots, sharing nutrients and warnings of impending danger. This interconnectedness is a testament to their intelligence and community spirit.My investigation revealed that plants are not just passive recipients of nature's bounty; they are active participants in the ecological dance. They influence the climate, regulate soil fertility, and provide habitats for other organisms. They are the silent heroes of our planet,working tirelessly to maintain the balance of nature.In conclusion, my exploration of plant life was an eye-opening experience. It taught me to appreciate their value and understand their role in our world.Plants are not just beautiful; they are essential. They are the foundation of our ecosystem, and we owe it to them to protect and cherish them. As we continue to explore and learn about these remarkable organisms, let us also remember to respect and preserve them for future generations.。
谈论植物的常用英语单词
谈论植物的常用英语单词谈论植物的常用英语单词植物是自然界的一大物种，是日常生活的常见对象。
你知道那些植物的常用英语单词吗?下面，店铺为你整理了一些，希望你喜欢。
1).vegetation1.n.(统称)植物，植被，草木There is no sign of vegetation "n the desert.沙漠中寸草不生。
2).botany2.n.植物学Did you study botany in your middle school?你在中学时学过植物学吗？3).photosynthesis3.n.光合作用The green plants make their food by photosynthesis绿色植物通过光合作用获得养分。
4).taxonomy4.n.分类学Taxonomy is a system for organizing similar things into groups分类学是把相同的事物组织在一起的体系。
5).class5.n.(动植物的)纲These two animals are not in the same class这两种动物不属于同一个纲。
6).thallophyta6.n.原生植物Alga belongs to the thallophyta藻类属于原生植物。
7).angiosperm7.n.被子植物Do you know what kind of plant is angiosperm?你知道哪种植物是被子植物吗?8).cotyledon8.n.子叶Look!Two cotyledons have grown from the seed看!种子长出了两片子叶。
9).therophyte9.n.一年生植物I think sugarcane is therophyte我认为甘蔗是一年生植物。
10).herb10.n.药草，香草Many herbs are used In traditional Chinese medicine许多草药可用于传统中医。
植物学研究的英文综述
植物学研究的英文综述Botany Study – A Literature Review.Botany, the scientific study of plants, encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including plant morphology, anatomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution. The field has a long and rich history, dating back to the earliest civilizations.Plant Morphology.Plant morphology is the study of the form and structure of plants. It includes the study of plant organs, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Plant morphology is important for understanding how plants grow and develop, and for identifying and classifying different plant species.Plant Anatomy.Plant anatomy is the study of the internal structure ofplants. It includes the study of plant tissues, such as xylem, phloem, and parenchyma. Plant anatomy is important for understanding how plants transport water and nutrients, and for providing support and protection.Plant Physiology.Plant physiology is the study of the functioning of plants. It includes the study of plant metabolism, transport, and growth. Plant physiology is important for understanding how plants respond to their environment and for developing new ways to improve crop yields.Plant Genetics.Plant genetics is the study of the inheritance oftraits in plants. It includes the study of genes, chromosomes, and DNA. Plant genetics is important for understanding how plants evolve and for developing new plant varieties with improved traits.Plant Ecology.Plant ecology is the study of the interactions between plants and their environment. It includes the study of plant communities, plant populations, and plant succession. Plant ecology is important for understanding how plants adapt to their environment and for managing plant communities for conservation and sustainable use.Plant Evolution.Plant evolution is the study of the evolutionaryhistory of plants. It includes the study of plant fossils, plant phylogenetics, and plant molecular biology. Plant evolution is important for understanding the diversity of plants and for understanding how plants have adapted to changing environmental conditions over time.Conclusion.Botany is a vast and complex field of study. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, each of which contributes to our understanding of plants. Botany isessential for understanding the natural world and for developing new ways to use plants to meet human needs.植物学研究——文献综述。
植物群落物种多样性研究综述
植物群落物种多样性研究综述植物群落的物种多样性是衡量生态系统健康状况的重要标准，近来，植物群落物种多样性研究领域取得显著进展。
本文综述了近期植物群落物种多样性研究的主要内容，总结了结构多样性、过渡性、功能多样性、时间多样性和格局多样性五个研究主题，并分析了各个主题的研究重点和研究趋势。
植物群落结构多样性是植物群落物种多样性的重要方面，也是近年来研究的重点。
研究表明，不同的植物群落类型可以很好地反映植物多样性，并且受到植物群落结构变化的影响，从而影响植物的生态过程。
另外，植物群落结构多样性也与植物群落发育、垂直分布和植物群落中细菌群组的多样性相关，而植物群落中植物种多样性则可以用来评价群落物种多样性。
植物群落的过渡性是植物群落物种多样性的另一重要方面。
近期研究发现，植物群落的过渡性与植物类群的形态、种子传播和竞争有关，并且可以用来评估植物群落物种多样性。
另外，过渡性也可以用来评估植物群落物种空间分布、时间分布和对环境变化的适应能力水平，从而帮助我们理解植物群落结构变化和群落物种多样性之间的关系。
植物群落功能多样性是植物群落物种多样性研究的热门话题，也是当前研究的重点。
研究发现，植物群落的功能多样性不仅可以用来衡量群落的生态健康状况，而且还可以用来研究群落中生物种类的更新换代过程。
另外，功能多样性还可以用来检测植物群落的环境弹性和灾害抗性，这两者都是衡量植物群落物种多样性的重要指标。
植物群落的时间多样性是评估群落物种多样性的另一个重要方面，最近的研究表明，植物群落多样性受到植物群落历史发展和短期变异的影响。
近年来，研究者们着重研究了植物群落中植物物种组成、功能组成和植物群落空间分布的变异性。
通过分析时间多样性，可以更好地了解植物群落物种多样性的动态变化，以及其对环境影响的程度。
最后，植物群落的样式多样性也是重要的研究内容。
研究发现，植物群落的样式多样性受到植物类群数量、分布方式、植物群落交互作用和环境因素等多种因素的影响，并发挥着重要的作用。
植被情况英语作文
植被情况英语作文Title: The State of Vegetation: An Overview。
Introduction:Vegetation is an integral component of our planet's ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance and supporting life forms. In this essay, we will delve into the current state of vegetation worldwide, examining various factors affecting it and highlighting the significance of preserving and restoring vegetation cover.Current Global Vegetation Status:The state of vegetation across the globe varies significantly due to diverse climatic conditions, geographical features, human activities, and natural processes. Generally, vegetation can be classified into forests, grasslands, shrublands, and tundra, each with itsunique characteristics and ecological importance.Forests:Forests cover approximately 31% of the Earth's land area and are vital for biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation. However, deforestation remains a significant threat, primarily driven by agricultural expansion, logging, urbanization, and infrastructure development. Efforts to combat deforestation through reforestation and afforestation initiatives have shown some success but require continued attention and investment.Grasslands:Grasslands encompass vast expanses of land, supporting diverse flora and fauna. They play a crucial role in carbon storage, soil stabilization, and providing habitat for grazing animals. However, grasslands face threats from overgrazing, conversion to agriculture, invasive species, and climate change-induced droughts. Sustainable landmanagement practices and conservation efforts are essential for preserving these ecosystems.Shrublands:Shrublands, also known as chaparral or scrublands, are characterized by woody vegetation adapted to semi-arid climates. They occur in regions with Mediterranean, temperate, and desert climates, providing habitat for numerous species and serving as natural firebreaks. However, human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and wildfires pose significant threats to shrubland ecosystems, leading to habitat loss and fragmentation.Tundra:Tundra ecosystems are found in polar regions and high mountain ranges, characterized by low temperatures, permafrost, and limited vegetation cover. Despite their harsh conditions, tundra ecosystems support unique plantand animal species adapted to cold climates. However,tundra vegetation is vulnerable to climate change, withrising temperatures causing permafrost thaw, habitat loss, and alterations in plant distribution patterns.Impact of Human Activities:Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, agriculture, industrialization, and pollution have profoundly impacted vegetation worldwide. Loss of habitat, fragmentation of ecosystems, soil degradation, air and water pollution, invasive species introduction, and climate change are some of the primary consequences of human-induced environmental changes. Urgent action is required to mitigate these impacts and promote sustainable practices to conserve and restore vegetation.Importance of Vegetation Conservation:Conserving vegetation is crucial for maintaining ecological balance, preserving biodiversity, mitigating climate change, ensuring food security, and supporting human well-being. Vegetation provides essential ecosystem services such as oxygen production, carbon sequestration,soil fertility, water regulation, and natural disaster mitigation. Protecting and restoring vegetation cover is essential for achieving global sustainability goals and safeguarding the planet for future generations.Conclusion:In conclusion, the state of vegetation worldwide is influenced by various factors, including climate change, human activities, and natural processes. Preserving and restoring vegetation cover is essential for sustaining ecosystem health, biodiversity, and human well-being. Collective efforts from governments, communities, and individuals are necessary to address the threats to vegetation and promote sustainable practices for a greener and healthier planet. Let us strive to protect and cherish our precious vegetation, the lifeline of our planet.。
英语单词植物类
英语单词植物类In the vast lexicon of the English language, a plethora of words are dedicated to the diverse and verdant kingdom of plants. From the towering sequoias to the tiniest mosses, the botanical realm is richly represented in our vocabulary. Here's a curated collection of English words related to plants, showcasing the variety and beauty of the natural world.1. Flora - The term used to describe the plant life of a particular region or habitat.2. Foliage - Refers to the leaves of a plant, often appreciated for their color and texture.3. Herbaceous - Describes plants that have non-woody stems and die back to the ground at the end of the growing season.4. Perennial - A type of plant that lives for more than two years, often coming back season after season.5. Annual - Plants that complete their life cycle within one year, then die and new plants grow from seed.6. Biennial - A plant that has a two-year life cycle, typically flowering in the second year.7. Deciduous - Plants that shed their leaves seasonally, especially in autumn.8. Evergreen - Plants that retain their leaves throughout the year.9. Vine - A type of plant that requires support to grow, often climbing by tendrils or twining stems.10. Succulents - Plants that store water in their leaves, stems, or roots, often characterized by their fleshy appearance.11. Fern - A group of plants that have a unique reproductive process and are characterized by their feathery fronds.12. Palm - A member of the palm family, often with a single, unbranched trunk and a crown of large, compound leaves.13. Cactus - A plant adapted to arid environments, with thick fleshy parts that store water and spines instead of leaves.14. Daffodil - A spring-blooming bulbous plant with a trumpet-shaped flower.15. Rose - A popular flowering plant known for its beauty and fragrance, with many varieties and colors.16. Ivy - A climbing or trailing plant with lobed, evergreen leaves, often used for ground cover or wall covering.17. Bamboo - A fast-growing plant with woody stems, often used for construction and as a material for various products.18. Mangrove - A type of tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water, typically in the tropics and subtropics.19. Ginkgo - A unique tree with fan-shaped leaves, known for its resilience and longevity.20. Hydrangea - A popular garden shrub known for its showy flower heads that change color based on soil acidity.21. Aloe - A succulent plant with fleshy leaves that contain a gel used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes.22. Ficus - A genus of plants that includes the fig, known for its distinctive fruit and diverse range of species.23. Poinsettia - A popular plant with red and green leaves that are often mistaken for flowers, associated with Christmas and winter holidays.24. Bonsai - A Japanese art form using miniature trees grown in shallow containers.25. Xeriscaping - A landscaping method that conserveswater by using drought-tolerant plants.These words are just the tip of the botanical iceberg. The English language offers a vast array of terms to describe the intricate details of plant life, from their scientific classifications to their aesthetic qualities. Whether you're a gardener, a botanist, or simply an admirer of nature, the language of plants can be as fascinating as the plants themselves.。
植物群落物种多样性研究综述
植物群落物种多样性研究综述植物群落物种多样性研究综述植物群落物种多样性是指一个特定地区或生态系统中存在的植物物种的数量和多样性。
它是生物多样性的重要组成部分，对于维持生态系统的稳定性和功能具有重要意义。
在过去的几十年里，植物群落物种多样性的研究得到了广泛关注，许多研究者致力于了解物种多样性的形成机制、影响因素以及其对生态系统的影响。
物种多样性的形成机制是植物群落物种多样性研究的核心问题之一。
物种多样性的形成受到多种因素的影响，包括环境因素、生物因素和人为因素等。
环境因素包括温度、湿度、光照等自然环境条件，这些因素对植物的生长和繁殖有着重要的影响。
生物因素包括植物的竞争、共生和捕食等相互作用，这些相互作用会影响物种的分布和多样性。
人为因素主要包括人类活动对植物群落的破坏和干扰，如森林砍伐、土地利用变化等，这些因素对物种多样性的变化有着重要的影响。
物种多样性的影响因素是植物群落物种多样性研究的另一个重要方面。
许多研究发现，物种多样性受到生境复杂性、资源可利用性、生物多样性和气候变化等因素的影响。
生境复杂性是指生态系统内不同生境类型的数量和分布。
生境复杂性越高，物种多样性越丰富。
资源可利用性是指生态系统中可供植物利用的资源的丰富程度。
资源可利用性越高，物种多样性越高。
生物多样性是指生态系统中不同物种的数量和多样性。
生物多样性越高，物种多样性越高。
气候变化是指气候因素对物种多样性的影响。
气候变化会导致生境的改变，进而影响物种多样性。
植物群落物种多样性对生态系统的影响是植物群落物种多样性研究的重要内容之一。
许多研究表明，物种多样性对生态系统的稳定性和功能有着重要的影响。
物种多样性可以提高生态系统的抵抗力和恢复力，使其能够更好地适应环境变化。
物种多样性还可以提高生态系统的生产力和能量利用效率，促进物质循环和能量流动。
此外，物种多样性还可以提供生态系统的服务功能，如土壤保持、水源涵养和气候调节等。
总之，植物群落物种多样性的研究是生物多样性研究的重要组成部分。
植物种群分布格局研究综述
植物种群空间分布格局研究综述摘要植物种群空间分布格局主要有三种形式,即随机分布、均匀分布、集群分布。
种群是连接个体和群落的纽带,研究种群空间分布格局可以进一步揭示种群之间的种内和种间关系,对研究植物群落结构和特征有重要意义。
本文主要阐述植物种群空间分布格局的国内外研究现状,研究中存在的问题,以及对今后植物种群空间分布的美好前景的展望。
关键词：植物种群空间分布格局研究现状存在问题AbstractThe spatial distribution pattern of plant population mainly have three forms， include random distribution ,uniform distribution and gathered distribution. plant population is a ties which connected to the individual and community,Research the population spatial distribution pattern can further reveal the intraspecific and interspecific relationship between population,it has important significance to the study of plant community structure and characteristics 。
This article in purpose of expound the research status at home and abroad of plant population spatial distribution pattern 。
the problems existing in the research, and the prospect of the spatial distribution of plant species in the future。
各种“群落”的英语表达
各种“群落”的英语表达abstract community 抽象群落aciculifruticeta 针叶灌木群落aciculignosa 针叶木本群落,针叶植被aciculisilvae 针叶乔木群落, 针叶林acrophytia 高山植物群落aerosynusia 气生片层,气生同型,同境群落aestatifruticeta 夏绿灌木群落aestatisilvae 夏绿乔木群落, 夏绿乔木林aestiduriherbosa 夏绿硬叶草本群落aestidurilignosa 夏绿硬叶木本群落,夏绿硬叶林aestilignosa 夏绿木本群落,夏绿林aiphyllium 阔叶常绿林群落aiphytia 稳定群落allobiocenose 异生物群落alluvial community 冲积带群落altherbosa 高草群落altoherbiprata 高草群落altoherbosa 高草群落, 高草本植物animal community 动物群落aquatic animal community 水生动物群落aquatic community 水生群落aquiherbosa 池藻草本群落,水生草本群落aquiprata 水生草本群落,水草甸artificial community 人工群落associule 演替系列微群落azonal community 泛域群落bathyphytia 低地植物群落bioc(o)enology 生物群落学bioc(o)enose 生物群落bioc(o)enosis 生物群落bioc(o)enotics 生物群落学biocoenology 生物群落学biocoenosis 生物群落biogeocoenosis 生物地理群落biome 生物群落biotic community 生物群落bottom community 水底群落,底栖群落bryocoenology 苔藓群落学caatinga 卡廷加群落calcipetrile 石灰岩性植物群落carr 卡尔群落(疏林)cave community 洞穴生物群落Chaparral 北美常绿阔叶灌丛, 沙巴拉群落clan 异种集团, 植物小群落, 集群climatic climax community 气候[演替]顶极群落climax community [演替]顶极群落closed community 封闭群落coastal community 海岸群落coenology 群落学coenosis (生物)群落coenosium 群落communal 群居(社会性昆虫), 群落communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落community 群落concrete community 合生群落, 基本群落conilignosa 针叶木本群落conisilvae 针叶乔木群落, 针叶林consociation 单优种群落, 单优种群丛consocies 单优种演替群落,continuous community 连续群落continuously stable community 连续稳定性群落crenium 水泉群落cryptogamic community 隐花植物群落decidu(i)lignosa 落叶木本群落deciduilignosa 落叶木本群落dependent community 依赖群落dosed community 郁闭群落durifruticeta 硬叶灌木群落duriherbosa 硬叶草本群落durilignosa 硬叶木本群落durisilvae 硬叶乔木群落, 硬叶林dynamic community 动态群落ecotonal community 交错区群落, 过渡区群落edaphic climax community 土壤[演替]顶极群落edge community 边缘群落emersiherbosa 沼泽草本群落enclave 残留单优种群落epiphyllous community 叶面附生植物群落epiphyton 附生植物群落eremium 荒漠群落eremus荒漠群落ericifruticeta 欧石南灌木群落, 欧石南灌丛ericilignosa 欧石南型木本群落evergreen community 常绿群落evergreen silvae 常绿林, 常绿木本群落fen 淹水沼泽[地], 沼泽群落final community 终极群落fire climax community 火烧顶极群落floating plant community 漂浮植物群落flora 植物区系, 植物群落, 植物志foredune community 水边低沙丘群落forest community 森林群落fossil biocoenosis 化石生物群落free floating hydrophyte community 自由漂浮水生植物群落fresh water community 淡水生物群落frigorideserta 寒荒漠群落fruticeta 灌木群落gamodeme 交配同类群, 隔育群落Gar(r)igue 加里格群落(地中海常绿矮灌丛) geobioeoenosis 生物地理群落geocoenosium 地理群落gley-prairie soil 潜育高草原土, 潜育普列利群落(北美高草原)土heath {/ Erica}欧石南属, 欧石南群落, 欧石南灌丛hel(e)okrene 沼泽水泉群落heliophobous community 阴地植物群落herbosa 草本群落，草本植被hiemeftuticeta 雨绿灌木群落, 雨绿灌丛hiemelignosa 雨绿木本群落hiemifruticeta 雨林灌木群落hiemilignosa 雨林木本群落hiemisilvae 雨绿乔木群落, 雨绿林homologous series 同源系列(群落)hygrophorbium 低地沼泽群落,湿草原群落initiative community 先锋群落insect society 昆虫群落laurifruticeta 阔叶常绿灌木群落, 照叶灌木群落laurilignosa 阔叶常绿木本群落, 照叶林laurisilvae 照叶林, 阔叶乔木群落lignosa 木本植被, 木本群落limnodium 盐沼群落llano 拉诺群落locies 演替系列小群落macchia (=maquis) 马基思群落man-made community 人造群落mantle community 林缘群落maquis (macchia) 马基思群落Maquis 马基群落(地中海夏旱灌木群落) marginal community 边缘群落,林缘群落mature community 成熟群落mesophorbium 高山草甸植物群落metacommunity 集合群落microcommunities 小群落microflora 微型植物群落, 微型植物区系minor community 小群落mixed plant community 混合植物群落mobilideserta 流沙荒漠群落monodominant community 单优种群落namatium 溪流群落open community 稀疏群落, 开阔群落orophytia 亚高山植物群落paleosynecology 古群落生态学parallel community 平行群落pedoclimax 土壤顶级群落pelagium 海面群落permanent community 稳定群落,永久群落petrideserta 岩下荒漠群落petrium 砾石群落physiographic climax 地形顶极(群落) phytobenthos 底栖植物,水底植物群落phytocoenology 植物群落学phytocoenose 植物群落phytocoenosis 植物群落phytocoenosium 植物群落phytocommunity 植物群落phytoplankton 浮游植物群落phytosociology 植物社会学, 植物群落学pioneer community 先锋群落plagioclimax 偏途顶极群落plant community 植物群落plant physiognomy 植物外貌(群落)plant sociology 植物社会学, 植物群落学pluviifruticeta 常雨灌木群落, 常雨灌丛pluviilignosa 常雨木本群落pluviisilvae 常雨乔木群落, 常雨林polyclimax 多元顶极群落post climax 后顶极(群落)postclimax 超演替顶极, 超顶极[植物]群落potamium 河流群落potential natural terminal community 潜在自然最终群落prairie 北美草原, 普列利群落prata 草甸，草本群落，草丛preclimax community 前顶极群落preclimax 前演替顶极, 前顶极[植物]群落primary community 原生群落proclimax 原顶极[植物]群落protoherbosa 中生高草群落puna 普纳群落; 高山干旱簇状垫状植物草原pure community 纯群落quasiclimax 拟顶极植物群落, 准顶极植物群落relic coenosinm 残遗群落relic community 残遗群落relict community 残遗群落running water community 流水群落; 流水系群落rupideserta 石质荒漠群落. 砾石荒漠群落salt community 盐生群落sand-beach community 沙滩群落saprophyte-community 复生植物群落; 腐生生物群落sathrophytia 腐殖质植物群落saxideserta 砾石荒漠群落secondary community 次生群落seminatural community 半自然群落sempervirentherbosa 常绿草本群落sempervirentiberbosa 常绿草本群落, 常绿草甸sempervirentiprata 常绿草本群落, 常绿草甸seral community 演替系列群落serclimax 演替系列顶级(群落)shade community 阴地群落siccideserta 干荒漠(群落)stratified community 分层植物群落stream community 河川群落subcommunity 亚群落submersiherbosa 沉水草本群落subtidal community 潮线下群落sulphide community 硫化物生物群落swift-water community 急流群落syndynamic 群落动态学syndynamics 动态群落学synecology 群体生态学, 群落生态学synusia 层片, 同型同境群落, 层群terriherbosa 陆生草本群落thinium 砂丘群落veld(t) 费尔德群落vicarious community 替代群落wood (复)树林, 木本群落xeric communify 旱生群落xerophytia 旱生植物群落zoocoenosis 动物群落。
植物资料收集英语作文
植物资料收集英语作文Botanical Profile: Exploring the Wonders of Plant Life.Plants, the emerald tapestry of our planet, play an indispensable role in sustaining life on Earth. From the towering giants that grace our forests to the tiny mosses that adorn our woodlands, each plant species possesses unique characteristics and ecological significance. This botanical profile embarks on a detailed exploration of these fascinating organisms, delving into their anatomy, physiology, and the intricate relationships they have with their environment.Anatomy of a Plant.The plant body comprises several fundamental structures that facilitate its growth, reproduction, and survival. The root system anchors the plant in the soil, absorbing water and nutrients from the surrounding environment. The stem serves as the main axis of support, transporting thesevital resources from the roots to the leaves.Leaves, the primary photosynthetic organs, are responsible for capturing sunlight and converting it into energy through the process of photosynthesis. They consist of a flat, expansive surface area covered by a waxy cuticle that protects against desiccation. Within the leaves, chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that absorbs sunlight.Physiology of Plants.Plants exhibit a remarkable array of physiological processes that enable them to thrive in diverse environments. The most fundamental of these processes is photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and waterinto glucose, the plant's primary energy source. Oxygen, a by-product of photosynthesis, is released into the atmosphere, benefiting all life forms.Transpiration and respiration are other key physiological processes. Transpiration, the evaporation ofwater from leaves, helps regulate plant temperature and transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Respiration, on the other hand, is the process by which plants break down glucose to release energy for cellular activities.Plant Adaptations.Plants have evolved a vast array of adaptations that allow them to survive in specific habitats. For instance, desert plants often possess succulent leaves or stems that store water for extended periods. Conversely, plants in aquatic environments may have floating leaves or specialized root systems adapted for nutrient absorption in waterlogged soils.Some plants have also developed ingenious mechanisms to attract pollinators and disperse their seeds. Brightly colored flowers with sweet scents and nectar lure insects and birds, while certain seed pods explode with force, propelling seeds over long distances.Ecological Significance of Plants.Plants play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of our ecosystems. They provide a primary food source for herbivores and omnivores, supporting the entire food chain. Their photosynthetic activity removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, mitigating climate change.Additionally, plants contribute significantly to soil health. Their roots help aerate the soil and prevent erosion, while their decaying matter enriches the soil with organic matter. Wetlands and forests, dominated by plants, provide critical habitats for countless species, ensuring biodiversity.Importance of Plant Conservation.Despite their ecological importance, plants face a multitude of threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and pollution. Preserving plant diversity is essential for the long-term health of our planet. Conservation efforts include establishing protected areas,controlling invasive species, and promoting sustainable land-use practices that prioritize plant habitats.Conclusion.The world of plants is a realm of wonder, filled with incredible diversity and ecological significance. From the smallest lichen to the tallest tree, each plant species contributes to the intricate tapestry of life on Earth. Understanding the intricate anatomy, physiology, and adaptations of plants not only enhances our appreciation for their beauty but also empowers us with the knowledge necessary to protect and conserve these irreplaceable organisms for generations to come.。
植被的英文术语
植被的英文术语Vegetation is the foundation of ecosystems, encompassing a diverse array of plant life from towering trees to delicate grasses.Each type of vegetation has its own specific term, such as "flora," which refers to the plant life of a particular region, or "understory," the smaller plants that grow beneath the canopy of a forest.Understanding the terminology helps in classifying and studying the various forms of vegetation, like "perennials," plants that live for more than two years, or "annuals," which complete their life cycle within a single year.In urban landscapes, "green spaces" are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and providing habitats for wildlife, often consisting of a mix of grasses, shrubs, and trees.Conservation efforts focus on preserving "endangered species" of plants, which are at risk of extinction due to various threats, including habitat loss and climate change.The term "biome" describes large areas of the world with similar vegetation types, such as "tropical rainforests" or "tundra," which are characterized by specific plant communities."Succession" is the process by which plant communities change over time, often starting with pioneer species and eventually leading to a stable, mature community.Finally, "biodiversity" is a vital concept in ecology, referring to the variety of life within a given ecosystem, with vegetation playing a key role in supporting a wide range of species.。
植物种群分布格局研究综述
植物种群分布格局研究综述植物种群分布格局研究是一门涉及生态学、生物地理学和遗传学等学科的综合性研究领域。
它主要关注植物种群在时间和空间中的分布规律，以及这些规律背后的驱动因素。
植物种群分布格局是植物群落结构和功能的基础，对于生态系统的稳定性和物种保护具有重要意义。
在研究植物种群分布格局时，主要关注以下两个方面：植物种群的数量和分布位置。
植物种群的数量可以通过调查和统计样方中的个体数量来得到。
而植物种群的分布位置则是指种群在空间中的分布范围和位置。
植物种群数量的分布格局通常可以表现为以下几种形式：均匀分布、聚集分布和随机分布。
均匀分布是指个体间的距离相对均等，种群整体呈现出平均密度。
聚集分布是指个体间的距离呈现聚集化，种群整体呈现出密度不均匀的分布模式。
随机分布则是指个体间的距离没有规律，种群整体呈现出随机性的分布格局。
植物种群的分布位置也会受到一些驱动因素的影响，如环境要素、地形地貌和生境类型等。
环境要素包括温度、湿度、光照等，它们对植物生长的要求不同，从而影响了种群的分布范围。
地形地貌则会对水分和养分的分布产生影响，进而影响植物的分布格局。
生境类型包括森林、草原、湿地等，不同的生境类型适合不同类型的植物种类，所以也会影响种群的分布格局。
研究植物种群分布格局有助于了解植物种群的空间分布趋势和环境适应能力，以及物种的传播能力和扩张能力。
这对于生态环境保护、生物多样性维护和生态系统恢复具有重要意义。
同时，植物种群分布格局的研究也可以为生态系统模型的构建和预测提供依据，帮助人们更好地了解和预测气候变化对植物种群分布的影响。
在研究植物种群分布格局时，常用的方法包括野外调查、遥感技术和模型模拟等。
野外调查是最直接和常用的方法，通过在不同地点设置样方，统计和分析植物个体数量和种群分布情况。
遥感技术可以获取大范围和连续的植物信息，包括植被指数、植物物候和植物叶面积指数等，从而推测种群的分布范围。
模型模拟则利用数学模型和计算机模拟技术，模拟物种分布的传播和扩张过程，预测物种未来的分布情况。
了解身边的植物活动英语报道作文
了解身边的植物活动英语报道作文Plant Exploration: Uncovering the Secret World of Flora.The world around us is teeming with life, and plantsplay an integral role in the intricate tapestry of ourplanet's ecosystems. From towering trees that dominate the skyline to delicate wildflowers that adorn our gardens,each plant species possesses an array of fascinating characteristics and engages in intriguing activities. Embarking on a journey to understand the world of plants unveils a hidden realm of beauty, complexity, andecological significance.The Marvel of Photosynthesis.At the heart of plant life lies photosynthesis, a remarkable process that converts sunlight into energy. Plants have evolved intricate structures known as chloroplasts, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll. This pigment absorbs sunlight, which is then used to splitwater molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide to form glucose, a sugar molecule that provides energy for the plant. This process not only sustains plant growth but also releases oxygeninto the atmosphere, a vital component for all aerobic life forms.Communication and Movement.While plants may appear stationary, they possess remarkable abilities to communicate and move. Through a complex network of chemical signals, they exchange information with each other and with their surroundings. For instance, when a plant is attacked by a herbivore, it may release volatile compounds to alert nearby plants of the danger. Some plants, such as the Venus flytrap, have evolved specialized mechanisms to capture and digest insects, supplementing their nutrient intake.Adaptations to Diverse Environments.Plants have adapted to a vast array of ecologicalniches, from deserts to rainforests and from mountaintops to oceans. Each species has evolved unique traits that allow it to thrive in its specific habitat. For example, desert plants often have thick, succulent leaves that store water and reduce transpiration. Alpine plants, on the other hand, have compact forms and dense roots that help them withstand harsh conditions.Ecological Importance.Plants are cornerstone species in ecosystems, providing essential resources and habitats for a multitude of organisms. They produce food, oxygen, and shelter for myriad animal species. Forests play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing water vapor into the atmosphere. Wetlands, dominated by aquatic plants, filter water and support a diverse community of fish, amphibians, and birds.Exploring Plant Diversity.The plant kingdom is incredibly diverse, with over300,000 known species. From tiny mosses and ferns tocolossal sequoias, each species exhibits its own unique characteristics and ecological significance. Exploring this diversity is essential for understanding the intricate relationships between plants and the rest of the living world. Citizen science initiatives, such as the iNaturalist app, empower individuals to contribute to scientific research by documenting plant observations.Cultivating a Connection with Nature.Spending time in nature, surrounded by plants, can have a profound impact on our well-being. Studies have shownthat exposure to green spaces reduces stress, improves mood, and boosts creativity. Gardening, whether in a backyard or on a balcony, provides a tangible connection to the plant world and fosters a sense of stewardship.Conclusion.The world of plants is a complex and captivating one, filled with wonder and ecological significance. Byunderstanding the activities, adaptations, and importance of plants, we gain a deeper appreciation for the extraordinary diversity and interconnectedness of life on our planet. Preserving and protecting these vital organisms is essential not only for the health of ecosystems but also for the well-being of humanity. As we continue to explore the hidden realm of plants, we unlock a treasure trove of knowledge and inspiration that enriches our understanding of the natural world and our place within it.。
山地城市公园植物群落功能多样性与物种多样性研究——以重庆市主城区为例
124山地城市公园植物群落功能多样性与物种多样性研究——以重庆市主城区为例Study on the Functional Diversity and the Species Diversity of Plant Communities in Mountain City Parks—A Case Study of the Main Urban Area of Chongqing摘 要：城市植物多样性直接影响着城市生态系统的功能与稳定性。
基于重庆市主城区公园植物的样地调查数据，从生活型、来源类型2个方面对公园植物多样性开展研究。
调查统计得到107科257属347种植物，表明重庆主城区公园植物种类丰富。
3种生活型植物中，草本植物的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性、功能性状平均距离指数均为最高，乔木植物的Pielou物种均匀度、功能离散度、Rao二次熵指数和功能均匀度均为最高。
3类生活型植物的功能性状差异显著。
总体上固氮植物占比较低，虫媒、动物传粉植物占比最高。
与乡土植物相比，外来植物仍具有较高的多样性，外来植物的引入丰富了功能性状、提高了物种数。
基于研究结果，建议重庆市公园建设进一步重视功能性状的选择和应用，提高乡土植物的功能多样性。
本研究的结论和方法为中国城市植物多样性保护与研究、可持续城市建设提供参考。
关 键 词：园林植物；生态功能；功能多样性；功能特征；物种多样性；相关分析Abstract: Urban plant diversity directly affects the functions and stability of the urban ecosystem. Based on the plant investigation data of the parks in the main urban area of Chongqing, this paper evaluates the plant diversity from the two aspects of life forms and origin types. As revealed by the results, parks of the main urban area in Chongqing were rich in species, with 347 species belonging to 257 genera and 107 families were recorded. The species richness, Shannon Wiener diversity, and average distance of functional traits index were the highest in herbaceous plants, while Pielou species evenness, functional dispersion, Rao secondary entropy index, and functional uniformity were the highest in tree species. There were significant differences in functional traits among the three life forms, but overall, the proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants was relatively low, while insect-borne and animal pollinated plants accounted for the highest proportion. Compared with native plants, alien plants still have high diversity. The introduction of exotic plants enriches functional traits and increases the number of species. According to the research results, more attention to the selection and application of functional traits in the construction of parks in Chongqing was recommended, to improve the functional diversity of local plants. The conclusions and methods of this study provide a reference for the protection and the research of urban plant diversity and the construction of sustainable cities in China.Keywords: landscape plant; ecological function; functional diversity; functional trait; species diversity; correlation analysis植物多样性的研究具有十分重要的意义[6]。
植物的多样性英语作文
植物的多样性英语作文英文回答：Plant diversity, also known as botanical diversity, encompasses the variety of plant species on Earth. It includes the genetic variation within species, thediversity of species within communities and ecosystems, and the number different ecosystems that exist. Plant diversity is essential for the functioning of the biosphere and provides a wide range of goods and services to humans.Plant diversity is generated through a combination of genetic processes, ecological interactions, and historical events. Genetic diversity is the result of mutations, genetic drift, and gene flow. Ecological interactions, such as competition, predation, and mutualism, can also influence the distribution and abundance of plant species. Historical events, such as climate change and the movement of continental plates, have also played a role in shaping plant diversity.Plant diversity is important for a number of reasons.It provides the basis for the food web, supporting a wide range of animal species. Plants also play a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients and the regulation of the climate. In addition, plants provide a variety of goods and services to humans, including food, medicines, and shelter.However, plant diversity is threatened by a number of factors, including habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. Habitat loss is the leading cause of plant extinction, as it destroys the places where plants live. Pollution can also damage plants and their habitats, and climate change is altering the distribution and abundanceof plant species.Conserving plant diversity is essential for the futureof the biosphere and for human well-being. A number of strategies can be used to conserve plant diversity,including protecting habitats, reducing pollution, and combating climate change. In addition, ex situ conservation, such as seed banks and botanical gardens, can play a rolein conserving plant diversity.中文回答：植物的多样性，也称为植物多样性，包括地球上各种植物物种。
研究植物的英语作文
研究植物的英语作文{z}Title: The Wonders of PlantsPlants are essential to our existence.They are not only a source of food and oxygen, but also play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.In this essay, we will explore the fascinating world of plants and their significance in our lives.Firstly, plants are the primary producers in the food chain.Through the process of photosynthesis, they convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.This not only provides them with energy, but also supplies oxygen to the atmosphere, which is vital for the survival of animals and humans.Additionally, plants serve as a food source for various organisms, including herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers.Without plants, the entire ecosystem would collapse.Secondly, plants play a significant role in maintaining the Earth"s climate.They absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.By doing so, they help mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change.Furthermore, plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration.This process helps regulate the Earth"s temperature and humidity, leading to a more stable climate.Moreover, plants are essential for soil fertility.Their roots bind the soil together, preventing erosion and maintaining soil structure.They alsoenrich the soil with nutrients as they decompose, which in turn provides nourishment for other organisms, including plants.This cycle of nutrient recycling is vital for the sustainability of ecosystems.In addition to their ecological importance, plants have numerous practical uses.They provide us with wood for construction, paper, and furniture.Medicinal plants have been used for centuries to treat various ailments.Plants also offer aesthetic value, with their vibrant colors and pleasant aromas enhancing our environment.However, despite their importance, plants are facing numerous threats.Deforestation, pollution, and climate change are posing a significant risk to plant life on Earth.It is crucial that we take immediate action to protect and preserve our plant life, for the sake of our planet and future generations.In conclusion, plants are more than just decorative additions to our environment.They are the foundation of life on Earth, providing food, oxygen, and numerous other benefits.Their role in maintaining the ecosystem and regulating the climate is indispensable.Let us appreciate the wonders of plants and commit ourselves to their protection.。
我们周围的植物英语作文
Plants in Our SurroundingsPlants are a vital part of our daily lives, serving as not only visual beauty but also providing numerous benefits to our health and the environment. As we traverse our surroundings, whether it be in urban landscapes, suburban neighborhoods, or rural countryside, we are constantly surrounded by a diverse array of plant life.In urban settings, plants play a crucial role in improving air quality. Trees and shrubs absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, helping to purify the air we breathe. They also provide shade, reducing the need for artificial cooling systems and thus contributing to energy conservation. Furthermore, plants add visual interest to the often monotonous urban landscape, creating a more inviting and pleasant environment for residents.Suburban neighborhoods often boast an abundance of gardens and lawns, providing residents with a sense of privacy and tranquility. These spaces are often filled with a variety of flowers, shrubs, and trees, each with its unique color, shape, and texture. Gardens not only enhance the aesthetic value of a home but also serve as a source ofrelaxation and stress reduction. The act of gardeningitself has been shown to have beneficial effects on mental health, promoting a sense of accomplishment and connection to nature.In rural areas, plants are often more abundant and diverse, forming the backbone of the ecosystem. Fields of crops provide food and economic sustenance to the local community. Forests and woodlands are habitats for a wide range of wildlife, maintaining the biodiversity of the region. These natural areas also serve as recreational spaces, providing opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and other outdoor activities.Beyond their practical and aesthetic benefits, plants hold a deep cultural and symbolic significance. In many cultures, plants are associated with fertility, growth, and renewal. They are often used in religious and ceremonial practices, symbolizing life, death, and rebirth. Plants also play a role in folklore and mythology, often appearing as symbols of wisdom, strength, or protection.As we appreciate the beauty and benefits of plants in our surroundings, it is important to remember the role weplay in protecting them. Deforestation, pollution, and climate change pose serious threats to plant life. It isour responsibility to conserve and protect these vital resources, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy the beauty and benefits of a world filled with plants.In conclusion, plants are an integral part of our lives, shaping our environments and contributing to our well-being. Whether we are aware of it or not, we interact with plants daily, relying on them for clean air, food, and a sense of beauty and tranquility. As we continue to coexist with plants, it is crucial that we value and protect them, preserving the rich diversity of life that surrounds us.**我们周围的植物**植物是我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，它们不仅为我们的环境增添视觉美感，还为我们的健康和环境带来诸多益处。
介绍街道的绿植英语作文
介绍街道的绿植英语作文1. The street is lined with lush greenery, creating a refreshing and vibrant atmosphere. The plants and trees sway gently in the breeze, adding a touch of tranquility to the bustling cityscape.2. Walking down the street feels like strolling througha botanical garden. The variety of plants and flowers is astounding from colorful blooms to towering palm trees, there is something to catch your eye at every turn.3. The greenery not only adds beauty to the street but also provides numerous benefits. The plants act as natural air purifiers, filtering out pollutants and improving the air quality. They also help to reduce noise pollution, creating a more peaceful environment for both residents and visitors.4. It's not just the large trees and plants that make the street green. Hanging baskets and window boxes filledwith cascading flowers adorn the buildings, adding a burst of color to the urban landscape. It's like a painting come to life.5. The greenery also attracts a variety of birds and butterflies, turning the street into a haven for wildlife. It's a joy to see these creatures flitting about, adding an element of nature to the concrete jungle.6. The street is not just a place to walk or drive through, but a place to pause and appreciate the beauty of nature. There are benches strategically placed along the sidewalk, inviting people to take a moment to sit and enjoy the surroundings.7. The greenery on the street is a testament to thecity's commitment to sustainability and environmental conservation. It shows that even in the heart of a bustling metropolis, nature can thrive and coexist with urban development.8. The street comes alive during springtime when theflowers are in full bloom. The vibrant colors and sweet fragrances fill the air, creating a truly enchanting experience. It's a sight that never fails to uplift the spirits.9. As the seasons change, so does the street's greenery. In autumn, the leaves turn a fiery hue, painting the street in shades of red, orange, and gold. It's a breathtakingsight that signals the arrival of a new season.10. The street's greenery is not just for show, but a reminder of the importance of preserving and nurturing our natural environment. It serves as a constant reminder to be mindful of our impact on the planet and to strive for a greener, more sustainable future.。
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Research Overview on Urban Plant CommunityLIAN Li-hua 1，SHEN Shu-guang 21．College of Landscape Architecture ，Agricultural University of Hebei ，Baoding ，Hebei 071000；2．Bureau of Parks and Woods of Handan City ，Handan ，Hebei 056000Abstract The concept of plant community and community classification were expatiated ，the study history and actuality were summarized ，and the developmental trends of phytocoenology were prospected．Key words Plant community ；Community classfication ；Community structure ；Community ecologyReceived ：December 21，2009Accepted ：February 25，2010E-mail ：lianlihua2007494@126．comPlant community is the basis for ecological function of ur-ban green space system as well as the precondition for variety of green space landscape．The Structure of plant community in accordance with science helps us attain a steady ，efficient and healthy development of green space ［1］．Hence ，study on plant community of urban green space not only has great significance in building an ecological city for sustainable development but al-so is one of the most important ways to realize economical gar-dening and greening．1Concept of plant communityA plant community refers to collection of plant species within a designated place ，which has a certain proportion with regards to species and quantity．It must be able to meet certain requirements and proper function with its distinguishable struc-ture and appearance．Bilateral relations exist between the spe-cies and its environment．Each plant community is the result of environmental selection ，which is geographically distributed in a definite area and reflects one phase in development of the vegetation ［2］．2Types of plant communityAccording to generation type ，plant community can be di-vided into natural community and artificial community．Natural community refers to the community generated naturally with the development of species in different climates and environments over a long period of time．Artificial community ，also calledman-made plant community ，is collocated with various plants to meet demands of human beings．If classified by habitat ，it can be divided into terrestrial plant community and aquatic plant community．The former con-tains woodlands ，savannas ，shrubs and grasses while the latter is comprised of submerged plant community ，floating-leavedplant community ，floating plant community and emergent plant community ［3］．It can be also divided into several types with regards to ec-ological function ，dominant species and landscape similarity ，such as ，ornamental plant community ，plant community forhealthcare ，environment-friendly plant community ，plant com-munity of culture and art ，plant community for science populari-zation and productive plant community ［4］．3History and development of urban plant community at home and abroad3．1History and development of overseas urban plant community In the late 19th century ，the emergence of ecolo-gy laid the basis for designing a plant community．Botanists learned how to create a plant community by collecting plant species from natural environment．In 1895，E．Warming ，a botanist from Denmark ，had his works ———Plantesamfund pub-lished．This book is comprised of 17chapters of which 14chap-ters discusse about plant community ［5］．In the late of 19th cen-tury ，American Jens Jensen gave his opinion to this field．That is ，adopting ecological method instead of designing merely via sense of sight ，so indigenous plant had been employed in his own design since 1886［6］．With the rapid urbanization in 1920s ，a great amount of landscape had been occupied so fast that some western biologists and horticulturists considered to build plant communities with simulated habitats ［7－12］．At the end of 1960s ，Japanese professor Akira Miyawaki put forward to build near-natural forest in urban area which is known as “Miyawaki Method ”．It suggests to cultivate selected seedling of indige-nous plants in near-natural environment and to maintain the dominant species through “survival of the fittest ”．Two or three years later ，canopy will close and the community will grow into a forest within ten years．Community cultivated in this extensive planting pattern provides certain stability ［13－14］．In 1998，Mc Pherson E Gregory conducted a research on space structure and sustainability of urban forest plant community in Sacra-ment ，California ［15］．In 1999，by adopting multi-criteria assess-ment method ，Abdollahi K．carried out research on urban green spaces in eight American cities and determined their ability to block dust pollution ［16］．3．2History and development of domestic urban plant community Research on domestic urban plant community was aroused by the enthusiasm for building ecological garden and ecological city．Along with the booming construction ofJournal of Landscape Research /景观研究2010，2（2）：43－46Responsible editor ：Chen Honghong Responsible translator ：Su Weigreen space，experts start their researches on structure of ex-isting plant community in succession．These researches mainly consist of4sections as stated below．3．2．1Researches on species composition of urban plant community．Due to severe pollution and human disturbance，species selecting is a vital factor to increase survival rate．In general，regional species especially indigenous plants are exploi-ted，at the same time，plants with special characteristics are in-troduced modestly in an attempt to enrich the community［17］．Yang Hanyuan et al．investigated native tree species of Guizhou and functions they executed in gardening and green-ing［18］．Sheng Dayong et al．discussed application of natural plant community in plant landscape designing as well as alloca-tion principle of artificial plant community in the light of their sur-vey on natural plant community in Changsha［19］．Han Tie ana-lyzed the choice and arrangement of tree species in plant com-munity of northern urban forest through biological property，ec-ological property and structure of species as well as their lay-out，layer，color，seasonal aspect，seedling age，density，etc．Furthermore，a series of improved solutions were presen-ted［20］．Shi Kangnian et al．probed into diversity of plant spe-cies in Ningbo and offered suggestions to problems which a-rouse regarding this aspect［21］．Zhi Jianjiang et al．investigated values，such as，composition，viewing habits，application fre-quency，of arbors and shrubs in24typical star squares of Nanjing［22］．3．2．2Researches on structure of urban plant community．Structure of plant community consists of horizontal structure and vertical structure．Chu Yiting，et al．analyzed and com-pared living structure of plant communities in the Humble Ad-ministrator’s Garden of Suzhou and Tiantong National Park of Ningbo．They believed the key for designing and building a near-nature plant landscape is to understand structural feature of zonal plant community，then to have it coordinated，opti-mized and applied on the basis of general allocation of land-scape plants［23］．Wang WanPeng，et al．investigated tree spe-cies，structure and natural vegetation of artificial plant commu-nities on two moutains of southern suburb in Lanzhou（Nanshan Mountain＆Beishan Mountain）．They pointed out layout of arti-ficial community and gave their improving ideas for existing woodlands［24］．By examining plant community of campuses in Lanzhou，Jiao Jian et al．counted important values of these species，made analysis for vertical structure of community and DBH structure of the dominants and offered solutions for exist-ing problems［25］．Wu Zeming wrote in his research that tree species are well allocated in community-based parks round Hefei and the structure of the community is relatively stable．Al-so in his research，he recommended to cultivate tree species with high growing index and good adaptability in Hefei，making those the major species of urban forest［26］．Zhang Jing et al．analyzed community density，crown diameter and tree species’frequency of occcurrence to know the impact they give to com-munity landscape．Classified discussion were made in their re-search according to classification method of ecological garden，moreover，this research enumerates community structure and optimizing technology that will be fit for parks in Shanghai［27］．3．2．3Researches on ecological benefit of urban plant com-munity．Researches of this field involve analysis on composi-tions of urban plant community and how ecological factors，such as，soil，illumination can affect the community．By adop-ting expert consultation and assessment，Lu Ming et al．built a fully integrated evaluation system for community of Shenyang from ecological adaptability，ecological benefit of greening，beautification，insect resistance，anti-pollution，economic effects，etc．230common tree species were evaluated and gra-ded by their evaluation system［28］．Fu Huinan et al．analyzed on how ecological factors can impact a community by researc-hing formation rule of plant community in gardens———the basic unit for urban landscape［29］．Hu Yongli et al．measured indices that different green spaces affect humidity and temperature in summer and compared their effects on microclimate．This study shows that the more complex a community is，the better effect it has on decreasing temperature and increasing humidity whereas lawns have relatively lower effect on microclimate con-trol［30］．3．2．4Researches on evaluation of urban plant community．Some qualitative and quantitative indices were selected by Tang Dongqin et al．to establish holistic index system．Plus Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）was employed to build an integrated evaluation model for landscape of ornamental plants［31］．Zhang Hao，et al．created general structure completeness index（GS-CI）and unit structure completeness index（USCI）for commu-nity by collecting information of sample area，amount of arbor，average DBH，height，crown diameter of arbor，types of com-munity structure，coverage of community，thus they evaluated structural completeness of urban plant community in Shenz-hen［32］．Based on established indicator framework focusing on city forest three-dimension biomass and mean healthy level，Shi Jiuxi，et al．evaluated quality and benefit of the existing ur-ban forest communities of Shaoxing City and selected14main models assembled with local phytobiocenose［33］．Taking fuzzy mathematics as evaluation model，Zhang Shuo et al．created an evaluation system for environment of ecological residence community，hence they successfully conducted a quantitative analysis on overall efficiency of green space at“Impression on Riverside”estate in Chengdu［34］．Yi Jun gave his opinions on landscape of parks in Nanjing and Hangzhou on the basis of surveys on plant community in parks．In addition，some optimi-zing methods were presented as well［35］．4Developing trend of urban green space plant community4．1Further quantify research on structure of urban plant community With the maturity of computer programming and dynamic simulating for plant community，research on structure of urban plant community will get further quantified．Compre-hensive multi-index can be introduced to calculate ecological functions of community structure．Besides，dynamic simulating for plant community will more frequently count in site condi-tions，allelopathy as well as the growth of various plants in for-44Journal of Landscape Research2010est gap under human disturbance［36］．4．2Further research on optimizing structure of urban plant community In the future，research of plant community will focus on maximizing its ecological effects，sight effects，aesthetic value by optimizing structure of plant community［37］．Plant species differ in biology and ecology．Therefore，it is nec-essary to reinforce research on relationships among introduced tree species，native tree species and target tree species．Obvi-ously，instead of merely from sense of sight，it is more likely to select and allocate trees for stability，ecological property and sustainability．4．3Interdisciplinary research is advocated Overlapping of phytocenology and other disciplines will be the trend for re-search on future ecological gardens and urban forests．Urban landscaping should have direct economic effect and helps in de-veloping new industry if combined with production forest and tourism while conducting research on multilayer plant communi-ty for saving energy and purifying water quality．Moreover，as one of the hot topics，it will be promoted to build community with specific theme according to climate，soil，latent vegetation features，urban construction，economic base and cultural accu-mulation of a city．5ConclusionsPlant community is the basis for ecological function of ur-ban green space system and the precondition to enrich green space landscape．It serves as a vital symbol reflecting the de-velopment of urban greening．By adopting the principles of biodiversity，it is unavoidable to establish economical plant community of stability，multi-levels，sustainability and to up-grade the natural productivity of plant community which 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