高考英语教师用书：板块2 第3讲 构词法 Word版含答案

第3讲构词法[全国卷考情分析]

合成法和转化法

[题组试做]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·湖北七市联考)Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.

richness[考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。] 2．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)In fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its (free) from the cocoon.

freedom[考查名词。空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。]

3．(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.

combination[考查名词。由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。]

4．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human (healthy)．

health[考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。]

5．(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its (taste) beef, soup and noodles.

tasty[考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。]

Ⅱ.单句改错

6．(2019·昆明检测)We shared a moment of cosplay and happy. I even danced with the crowd.

happy→happiness[考查名词。由“happy”前的“and”可知，此处与cosplay(动漫角色扮演，名词)为并列结构，词性应相同，所以把happy改为happiness。] 7．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family.

happily→happy[考查形容词。根据该句中的名词time可知，修饰该名词，应用形容词。句意：首先，我们能拜访我们的亲朋好友，或者和家人一起度过快乐的时光。]

8．(2019·山东潍坊一模)After all, doing exercise is a good way to keep health.

health→healthy[句意：毕竟，锻炼是保持健康的好办法。错误处应该用形容词而非名词作keep的表语，故将health改为healthy。]

[要点解读]

(一)合成法

合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词中间需加连字符)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：

(二)转化法

不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有：

单句语法填空

1．The boy ran quickly(quick)to school.

2．“What's that？” Father shouted angrily(angry)．

3．The little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.

4．Your composition is badly(bad)organized.Please do your writing exercise more attentively(attend)next time.

[要点解读]

1．一般情况加ly。如：real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly

2．“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为ily。如：angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily

3．以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable→probably；possible→possibly 4．个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly

5．以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically

[注意]有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：friend→friendly；day→daily

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．He is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.

2．The good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)．

3．He is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.

4．They are nervous(nerve) about their first trip abroad.

5．The flower is harmful(harm) to our health.

Ⅱ.单句改错

6．Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balance→balanced

7．I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reason→reasonable

[要点解读]