无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第1章
无机非金属材料工程专业英语-第1章
In fact, early civilizations have been designated （命名） by the level of their materials development (i.e., Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Related to: be concerned with 相关的 Encompass：to completely cover or surround sth.覆盖或
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
It was not until relatively recent times that scientist came to understand the relationship between structural elements of materials and their properties.
明智的
criterion
准则
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
1.1 Historical perspective (观察，透视)
• Materials are probably more deep-seated (根 深蒂固的, 深层的) in our culture than most of us realize.
材料科学与工程专业英语1【手工输入,按章节】
Metallic material金属材料Free electron自由电子Pure metal纯金属Outermost layer of electrons外层电子The given atom特定原子Free electron gas自由电子气Existence存在Structure结构Property性能Characteristic特征Profound consequence重要影响Electrical conductivity导电性Conductivity电导率、Electrical resistance电阻Distinguish区分Approach做法Arbitrary随意Graphite石墨Carbon碳Precipitation析出Chlorine氧Insulator绝缘体Alloy合金Element元素Weld焊接Melt熔融Catastrophic灾难性的Corrosion腐蚀Effectively实际上Brass黄铜Copper铜Zinc锌Iron铁Nickel镍Melting point熔点Aluminum铝Solid solution固溶体Intermetallic compound金属间化合物Fully soluble in each other完全互溶Side effect边界效应Dissolve溶解Solvent溶剂Solute溶质Phase相Circumstance情形Formation形式Ionic bonding离子键Valency化合价Periodic table周期表Position位置Form成为Stainless steels不锈钢Valence electron价电子Transition metal过渡金属Solid-solubility固溶性Crystal structure晶体结构陶瓷Composite复合材料Steel reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土Be defined as被定义为Inorganic non-metallic material无机非金属材料Clay粘土Mineral矿物质Powder粉体Crystalline结晶度Crystal晶体Silicate-based ceramics硅基陶瓷Advanced or technical ceramics先进陶瓷技术陶瓷Cutting tools切削工具Figurine雕像Temperature温度Kiln窑Functional pottery vessel功能陶瓷器皿Utilitarian功利主义的A fine clay-like material类粘土粉料Flourish繁荣Glass manufacture玻璃加工Pottery making陶器制作Fire烧制Calcium oxide 氧化钙Coloured glaze彩色釉面Since these ancient times自古以来Commercial application商业应用Non-ferrous metal非铁金属Sophisticated refractory materials高级耐火材料耐热heat-proof模子mould秦始皇陵兵马俑life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb 硬度hardness高温陶瓷refractory chinaFurnace炉子Fire places壁炉Incandescent light bulb白炽灯Hardness硬度Transparency透明度Hold a vacuum保持真空Light source光源Establish确立Durability耐久性Efficient节能Fluorescent lamp荧光灯Neon lamp霓虹灯Exterior室外Sodium discharge lamp钠灯Instrument panel indicator仪表面板指示器Optical fibre networks光导纤维网Data storage数据存储Document production公文制作Laser printer 激光打印Light-emitring diode发光二极管Electronic industry电子工业Insulator绝缘体Semiconductor半导体Superconductor超导体Magnet磁体Electrical insulator电的绝缘体Ceramics spark plug陶瓷火花塞Ignite fuel点燃燃料Internal combustion engine内燃机Automobile汽车High voltage insulator高压绝缘体Telecommunication长途通信Copper wire铜线Cable电缆Copper mining铜矿Capture toxic material捕获有毒物质Encapsulate nuclear waste包埋核废料Diesel柴油Wear resistant耐磨损Properties性能Ceramic tile瓷砖Thermal barrier tile热障瓷砖Engineering ceramics工程陶瓷Technical ceramics技术陶瓷Mechanical properties机械性能Corrosion/oxidation resistance抗腐蚀抗氧化Segment部分Structure ceramics结构陶瓷Electrical and electronic 电工电子Ceramics coating陶瓷涂层Bioceramics生物陶瓷Component零件Industrial wear parts工业磨损部件Filter过滤器Membrane隔膜Catalyst催化剂Support载体Bayer process拜耳法Aluminum powders氧化铝粉Pure纯的、Microstructure微结构Crystal structure晶体结构Mineral-based ceramics矿物基陶瓷Powder processing粉体处理Shape forming产品定型Non-destructive evaluation非破坏性评价Machining加工Standardization标准化Materials property database材料性能数据库Gelcasting凝胶铸造Freezecasting冷冻铸造Injection moulding注射成型Rapid prototyping快速原型制造Manufacture生产Fuel cell燃料电池Batteries电池Smart material智能材料Sensing感知Actuate驱动Intelligence智能Piezoelectric properties压电性能Carry electricity输电Power component电力元件Circuit电路Magnetic resonance imaging scanners核磁共振成像扫描器MRIMagnetic levitation trains磁悬浮列车Medical field医疗领域Refractory ceramics耐火陶瓷Cellular ceramics多孔陶瓷聚合物Macromolecular大分子Polymer聚合物Cross section典型Elastomer弹性体、合成橡胶Rubber橡胶Repeating unite重复单元Isoprene异戊二烯Cross-linking交联Sulfur chain fragment硫链碎片Vulcanization硫化作用synthetic variety合成品种styrene-butadiene rubber丁苯橡胶SBR initiator引发剂soften变软harden变硬rigid material刚性材料versatile通用low density polyethylene低密度聚乙烯LDPE branched polyethylene枝状聚乙烯linear polyethylene线性聚乙烯ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene超高分子量聚乙烯Extremely tough极端坚韧Resilient有弹性的Artificial silk人造丝Manmade fiber人造纤维Nylon尼龙Axial ratios 轴径比Synthetic polymer合成聚合物Desirable理性的Ironing熨烫Tensile strength拉伸强度Adequate stiffness适度强度Parachute将落伞Elasticity弹性Toughness韧性Resistance to abrasion耐磨性Static charge静电累积Textile纺织品Bullet-proof vest防弹背心Spinning纺丝Injection molding注塑成型Glass transition temperature玻璃化转变温度Molten熔融的Squeeze挤Extrusion挤出成型Die 模子Mold模具Tubing管材Hose软管Cross-sectional横断面Melt、dry、wet spinning熔体、干、湿纺丝Principal原理Hole孔Spinneret喷丝头Polymer morphology聚合物形态学Chain alignment链排列Enhance crystallinity结晶度。
无机非金属材料英语作文
无机非金属材料英语作文Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials。
Inorganic non-metallic materials refer to materialsthat do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are not metals. They are widely used in various fields, such as construction, electronics, transportation, and energy.One of the most commonly used inorganic non-metallic materials is cement. Cement is a powder made of limestone, clay, and other materials. When mixed with water, it forms a paste that hardens over time, becoming a strong and durable building material. Cement is used in the construction of buildings, bridges, roads, and other infrastructure.Another important inorganic non-metallic material is glass. Glass is made by melting silica, soda ash, and lime at high temperatures. It is a transparent and hard material that is used in the production of windows, mirrors, lenses,and other optical devices. Glass is also used in the packaging of food and beverages.Ceramics are another type of inorganic non-metallic material. Ceramics are made by heating clay and other materials at high temperatures. They are hard, brittle, and resistant to heat and wear. Ceramics are used in the production of tiles, dishes, and other household items. They are also used in the aerospace and automotive industries.Fiberglass is a composite material made of glass fibers and resin. It is a lightweight and strong material that is used in the production of boats, cars, and aircraft. Fiberglass is also used in the construction of buildings and in the insulation of pipes and tanks.In conclusion, inorganic non-metallic materials play a crucial role in our daily lives. They are essential for the construction of buildings and infrastructure, the production of electronics and transportation, and thegeneration of energy. As technology advances, the demand for these materials will only continue to grow.。
无机材料专业英语Unit 1 and Unit 2
Unit 1 Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials science材料科学Stone age石器时代Naked eye肉眼Bronze age铜器时代Optical property光学性能Integrated circuit集成电路Mechanical strength机械强度Thermal conductivity导热“Materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast ,”materials engineering “is ,on the basis of there structure property correlations ,designing or engineering the structure of a material that produce a predetermined set of properties。
，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
从功能方面来说，材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical ,and deteriorative。
固体材料的所有重要的性质可以分成六个不同的种类，机械性能、电性能、热性能、磁性能、光性能和内耗。
In addition to structure and properties , two other important components are involved in the sciences and engineering of materials , namely“processing”and“performance”.除了组织性能之外，另外两个重要的性质也包括在材料科学和工程之中，即“加工”和“特性”The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationship，as well as processing techniques of material，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria。
无机非金属材料专业英语译文
第一部分无机材料物理化学第1单元晶体化学键类型离子键在有些晶体中，原子通常呈现这样一种状态，那就是它的电子结构同稀有气体的电子结构类似，它的最外层轨道要么失去多余的电子，要么被填满达到8个电子的稳定结构。
为了保持电中性，晶体中通常同时存在有些原子失去电子而有些原子得到电子。
前者形成带正电的阳离子，后者则形成带负电的阴离子。
离子所带电量是电子电量的整数倍。
这种晶体中离子之间的结合力是静电吸引力，这种类型的晶体被称为离子晶体。
由于离子的电场呈球型对称结构，所以离子键是各向同性的，也就是说离子键没有方向性而且每个离子都尽可能多的与其他离子之间成键，所以离子键具有不饱和性。
碱金属卤化物盐是典型的离子晶体，其原因是碱金属元素的最外层只有一个电子，而卤族元素的最外层恰好缺少一个电子而达到8个电子的稳定结构。
这种观念与化学键的概念完全相同，只是没有把晶体视为分子化合物，而把它看作一种均一的结构，对他而言化学式只表示元素的比值，而元素的几何排布是描述该物质必不可少的部分。
例如，化学式NaCl并不代表一个分子结构单元，因为在晶体中每个离子与很多个最近邻的异号离子接触，所以在NaCl晶体中每个Na+离子周围有六个等价的最近邻的Cl-离子，反之亦然。
共价键亥特勒和伦敦在1927年用量子力学精确地计算了氢分子模型，得出氢分子存在由原先的单原子状态构成的两种可能的最低能量状态，其中能量更低的这种对应于电子自旋反平行取向的单一态又称为零自旋能级。
两个单原子状态的与结合后的分子状态的能量差被称为两个原子共有的交换力（结合力），它的大小取决于电子波函数的重叠。
这种键合形式叫做相似极化或原子极化。
根据鲍林规则，成对电子中两个电子的自旋方向不同，具有更复杂电子结构的原子之间的共价键也具有这种特征。
原子轨道上的单电子波函数重叠形成了共有状态的波函数，键也就重新建立。
共价键的主要特征是饱和性而且当给定原子有多个共价键时，各个键之间具有相互取向性。
无机非金属材料专业外语
科技英语基础，同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻
译特点等等。
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1.2 学习专业英语的重要性
(1) 科研信息获取 专业英语阅读能力
当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中90％以上都 是英语。
世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对 于 化学工程、材料科 学等专业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出观。
If possible, the purification of raw material should be done piror to the mixing. 可能的话，原材料的提纯应该在混合之前进行。 2) As illustrated in Fig.1, a fixed bed reactor is used in the batch process. As in Fig.1, a fixed bed reactor is used in the batch process.
语法特点
客观性（Objective）、准确性（accuracy）和精练性(conciseness)。 (1) 广泛使用被动语态 (2) 广泛使用非谓语形式 (3) 省略句使用频繁 (4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁 (5) 复杂长句使用频繁 (6) 后置形容词短语作定语多
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2.1 Grammar Features
(2) What does a coat do? It protects the metal from corrosion. The function of a coat is to protect the metal from corrosion.
涂层的作用就是保护金属不被腐蚀。
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2.1 Grammar Features
无机非金属材料工程专业英语
无机非金属材料工程专业英语一、无机非金属材料概论中文英文无机非金属材料inorganic non-metallic materials 定义definition分类classification组成composition结构structure性能properties制备方法preparation methods应用领域application fields陶瓷ceramics玻璃glass耐火材料refractories水泥cement石膏gypsum石棉asbestos碳素材料carbon materials石墨graphite碳纤维carbon fiber碳纳米管carbon nanotube钻石diamond全氟聚合物fluoropolymer聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)聚偏氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)聚合物陶瓷polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs)氧化物陶瓷oxide ceramics氧化铝alumina (Al2O3)氧化锆zirconia (ZrO2)氧化镁magnesia (MgO)氧化钛titania (TiO2)非氧化物陶瓷non-oxide ceramics氮化硅silicon nitride (Si3N4)氮化铝aluminium nitride (AlN)碳化硅silicon carbide (SiC)碳化钨tungsten carbide (WC)碳化钛titanium carbide (TiC)二、物理化学中文英文物理化学physical chemistry物质matter结构structure组成composition性质properties变化规律laws of change分子运动论kinetic theory of molecules分子molecule原子atom离子ion气体gas液体liquid固体solid理想气体ideal gas真实气体real gas相平衡phase equilibrium相phase相图phase diagram相规则phase rule单元系unary system二元系binary system三元系ternary system溶液理论solution theory溶液solution溶剂solvent溶质solute浓度concentration摩尔分数mole fraction理想溶液ideal solution非理想溶液non-ideal solutionRaoult定律Raoult's lawHenry定律Henry's law三、无机材料科学基础中文英文无机材料科学基础fundamentals of inorganic materials science 无机材料inorganic materials结构structure性能properties结构-性能关系structure-property relationship晶体结构crystal structure晶体系统crystal system点阵类型lattice type空间群space group单胞参数lattice parameters基元胞primitive cell单位胞unit cell四、热工基础中文英文热工基础thermal engineering fundamentals热力学thermodynamics传热学heat transfer流体力学fluid mechanics热工学科thermal engineering disciplines 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力系统thermodynamic system系统边界system boundary系统状态system state状态方程equation of state过程process循环cycle工作物质working substance理想气体ideal gas气体常数gas constant温度temperature压力pressure体积volume内能internal energy热容heat capacity比热容specific heat capacity焓enthalpy熵entropy自由能free energy吉布斯函数Gibbs function卡诺循环Carnot cycle热效率thermal efficiency 反向卡诺循环reversed Carnot cycle制冷系数coefficient of performance传导传热heat conduction傅里叶定律Fourier's law热导率thermal conductivity热阻thermal resistance稳态传热steady-state heat transfer非稳态传热transient heat transfer对流传热heat convection对流换热系数convection heat transfer coefficient 力对流forced convection自然对流natural convection努塞尔特数Nusselt number辐射传热heat radiation斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律Stefan-Boltzmann law黑体blackbody发射率emissivity吸收率absorptivity反射率reflectivity透射率transmissivity灰体graybody视域因子view factor流体静力学fluid statics流体fluid密度density粘度viscosity表面张力surface tension液压hydrostatics帕斯卡定律Pascal's law流体运动方程equations of fluid motion质量守恒方程continuity equation动量守恒方程momentum equation能量守恒方程energy equation雷诺数Reynolds number理想流体ideal fluid实际流体real fluid层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow边界层boundary layer阻力drag升力lift伯努利方程Bernoulli's equation皮托管Pitot tube五、无机非金属材料物理性能中文英文无机非金属材料物理性能physical properties of inorganic non-metallic materials 电学性能electrical properties磁学性能magnetic properties光学性能optical properties声学性能acoustic properties热学性能thermal properties电导率electrical conductivity电阻率electrical resistivity电容率electrical capacitance介电常数dielectric constant压电效应piezoelectric effect热电效应thermoelectric effect光电效应photoelectric effect半导体性质semiconductor properties铁电性质ferroelectric properties磁导率magnetic permeability磁化率magnetic susceptibility磁滞回线hysteresis loop铁磁性质ferromagnetic properties反铁磁性质antiferromagnetic properties顺磁性质paramagnetic properties抗磁性质diamagnetic properties光学常数optical constants折射率refractive index反射率reflectance吸收率absorbance透射率transmittance色散现象dispersion phenomenon双折射现象birefringence phenomenon声速sound velocity声阻抗acoustic impedance。
材料成型及控制工程专业英语--1.MATERIALS-AND-THEIR-PROPERTIES解析
1.1 Metals and Non-metalsWords and termsdefinite－确定的、明确的defect－缺陷plastic deformation塑性变形stress concentrator 应力集中点self-strengthening自强化the tip of a crock裂纹尖端☐Among numerous properties possessed by materials，their mechanical properties，in the majority of cases，are the most essential and therefore，they will be given much consideration in the book．☐在一些主要应用场合，机械性能是材料的各种性能中最重要的性能，因此，本书中将重点讨论。
▪consideration 考虑，需要考虑的事项，报酬☐All critical parts and elements，of which a high reliability （可靠性）is required，are made of metals, rather than of glass，plastics or stone.☐由于各种关键零部件的可靠性要求高，均用金属而不是玻璃、塑料或石头制造。
▪is required 翻译时将英文中的被动语态，改译为汉语中的主动语态。
▪rather than 而不是☐As has been given in Sec.1-1，metals are characterized by the metallic bond（金属键），where positive ions （正离子）occupy the sites of the crystal lattice （晶格）and are surrounded by electron gas（电子云）．☐正如Sec1-1中所说，金属主要由金属键组成（其特征主要……）。
无机非金属材料工学(英文词汇)
«无机非金属材料工学»基本专业词汇(433个词)一、水泥与混凝土（一）产品1.Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥（波特兰水泥）2. concrete 混凝土3. hydraulic cement 水硬性水泥4. fresh concrete 新拌混凝土5. air entraining concrete 加气混凝土6. early strength cement 早强水泥7.expansive cement 膨胀水泥8. high alumina cement 高铝水泥9. rapid hardening cement 快硬水泥10. quick setting cement 快凝水泥11. polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土12. high strength concrete 高强混凝土坝13. prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土14. Portland cement for highway 道路硅酸盐水泥15. polymer impregnated concrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土16 fiber-reinforced cement concrete 纤维增强混凝土17. self-compacting concrete 自密实混凝土18. calcareous material 钙质材料19. binding material 胶凝材料20. fly-ash cement 粉煤灰水泥（二）生产1.calcium silicates 硅酸钙2. calcium aluminates 铝酸钙3. clay 粘土4. iron ore 铁矿5. limestone 石灰石6. sand 砂7. gypsum 石膏8. ettringite 钙矾石9. calcium sulfate dihydrate 二水石膏10. tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙11. dicalcium silicate 硅酸二钙12. tricalcium aluminate 铝酸三钙13. sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫14. alite A矿15. belite B矿16. clite C矿17. setting time 凝结时间18. curing 养护19. calcium aluminate hydrates 水化铝酸钙20. calcium sulfoaluminate 硫铝酸钙21. rotary kiln 回转窑22. monosulfate 单硫型23. ferrite phase 铁相24. decomposition 分解25. chemical processes 化学过程26. partial fusion 部分熔融27. fineness 细度28. chemical composition 化学成分29. fineness modulus 细度模数30. phase diagram 相图31. capillary pores 毛细孔32. hydration reaction 水化反应33. microstructure 微观结构34. cement paste 水泥浆体35. aggregate 集料36. crystallization 结晶37. alkali sulfates 硫酸碱38. carbonates 碳酸盐39. deterioration 劣化40. organic chemistry 有机化学41. inorganic chemistry 无机化学42. surface chemistry 表面化学43. thermodynamical 热力学的44. silica gel 硅酸凝胶45. pozzolanic 火山灰质的46. marine environment 海洋环境47. deicing salts 除冰盐48. concrete mixtures 混凝土配合比49. alkali-silica reactivity 碱硅反应50. harden 硬化51 active addition 活性混合材52. admixture 外加剂53. age 龄期54. broken stone 碎石55. calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙56. calcium lignosulphonate 木质磺酸钙57. calcium silicate hydrate (CSH)水化硅酸钙58. alkali-aggregate reaction碱-集料反应59. clinker 熟料60. cement-water ratio 灰水比61. coarse aggregate 粗集料62. concrete mix 混凝土混合料63. crushing test 压碎试验64. gap grading 间断级配65. gradation 级配66. gravel 卵石67. normal distribution 正态分布68. hydrophilic aggregate 亲水集料69. hydrophobic aggregate 憎水集料70. initial set 初凝71 mortar 砂浆72. cement-based 水泥基73. pore 孔隙74. water reducer 减水剂75.waterproof mortar 防水砂浆76. phosphogypsum 磷石膏77. blast furnace slag 高炉渣78. fly ash 粉煤灰79. steel slag 钢渣80. corrosion inhibitors 阻锈剂81. mineral admixtures 矿物掺合料83. bound water 结合水84. boiler slag 沸腾炉渣85. admixture 外加剂86. hydration 水化87. milling 粉磨88. mortar 浆89.mineral constituent 矿物组成90. masonry 石质的二、玻璃（一）产品1. flat glass 平板玻璃2. vycor glass 高硅氧玻璃3. quartz glass 石英玻璃4. wired glass 夹丝玻璃5. float glass 浮法玻璃6. polished glass 机械磨光玻璃7. coloured glass 颜色玻璃8. heat-reflection glass 热反射玻璃9. conductive glass 导电玻璃10. ground glass 蒙砂玻璃11. ice glass 冰花玻璃12. sand blasted glass 喷砂玻璃13. strengthened glass 钢化玻璃14. laminated glass 夹层玻璃15. glazing glass 中空玻璃16. coating glass 镀膜玻璃17. bottle glass 瓶罐玻璃18. horticultural glass 圆艺用玻璃19. glass-ceramics 微晶玻璃20. lustre glass 虹彩玻璃21. luxury glass 陈设玻璃22. pressed glass 压制玻璃23. prescription glass24. parent glass 原玻璃25. laboratory glass化学仪器玻璃26. velvet-finish glass 丝光玻璃27. glass article 玻璃制品28. glass beaker 玻璃烧杯29. glass fabric 玻璃纤维30. glass foam 玻璃泡沫31. glass wall 玻璃幕墙32. double glazed unit 夹层玻璃33. electropane glass 玻璃导电膜34. fire-retardant glass 防火玻璃35. glass diamond 玻璃刀36. object glass 物镜37. obscured glass 毛玻璃38. optical glass 光学玻璃39. optical film 光学薄膜40. tempered glass 钢化玻璃41. boron glass 硼玻璃42. heat absorbing glass 吸热玻璃（二）生产1．colouring agent 着色剂2.fourcault process 有槽法3.pittsburgh process 无槽法4. Colburn Process 平拉法5.Asahi process 旭法6. ionic glasses 离子玻璃7. aluminium-boron anomaly 铝-硼效应8. aluminium effect 铝效应9. mixed alkali effect 玻璃的双碱效应10. invert glass 逆向玻璃11. chemical strengthened 玻璃的化学钢化12. air tempered 玻璃热钢化13. surface colouration 玻璃表面着色14. chemical polishing 化学抛光15. acid etching of glass 玻璃的化学蚀刻16. heat work 热加工17. surface treatment of glass玻璃的表面处理18. cold work 冷加工19. grinding and polishing 研磨抛光20. ionic colouration 离子着色21. semiconductor colouration 化合物着色22. short glass 短性玻璃23. metal-colloidah colouration金属胶体着色24. long glass 长性玻璃25. mixed alkali effect 玻璃的双碱效应26. hot mold blowing 热模吹制27. hot iron mold blowing 人工热模吹制28. machine stop 停止、引上29. machine-cylinder process 机械吹圆筒法30. surface of the melt 玻璃液面31.forming 成形32.spinodal dcomposion 亚稳分解33.nucleation and growth 成核生长34.nucleation process 核化过程35.phase transformation 相变36.cupola 冲天炉37. fining 澄清剂38. fining agent 澄清剂39. fining area(end)(zone) 澄清部,澄清带40. fining cell 澄清室池41. electric melting furnace 电熔窑42.tank furnace 玻璃熔窑分池窑43.pot furnace 坩埚窑44.drawing process 拉制成型45.blow process 吹制成型46.glass basis 玻璃基体47.‘L’glass ‘L’玻璃铅玻璃防辐照玻璃48. glass batch 玻璃配合料49. glass block 玻璃块50. glass coating 玻璃涂层51. glass component 玻璃组分52. glass current 玻璃液流53. glass decoration 玻璃装饰54. glass defect 玻璃缺陷55. glass drop 玻璃滴56. glass finishing 玻璃加工57. glass formation range 玻璃形成范围58. glass former 玻璃形成体59. glass frit 玻璃熔块60. glass melt 玻璃熔体61. glass melting furnace 玻璃熔窑62. glass phase 玻璃相63. fine seed 灰泡64. float bath 锡槽65. nucleus 晶核66. nucleating agent 晶核剂67. glass yield 玻璃获得率68. glassy state 玻璃态69. heat storage 蓄热70. crystallization 析晶71. crystal nucleus 晶核72. metal level 玻璃液面73. metaphase 介稳相74. occlusion 玻璃夹杂物75. patch of crizzles 表面微裂纹76. fusing 熔化77. fusing point 熔化温度78. refine 澄清79. deformation point 变形温度点80. red edge 红边(抛光玻璃缺陷)81. speck 斑点82. deformation 变形83. ash contamination 落脏84. crack 裂纹85. bubble or blister 起泡86. pinhole 棕眼87. exposed body 缺釉88. tint unevenness 色泽不良89. sandwich 夹层90. excess glaze 釉缕91. waviness 波纹92. smoke staining 烟熏93. orange peel 橘釉94. knot 节瘤95. bubble 气泡96. toed-in finish 凹口97. crater type drip 锡滴坑98. string 细条纹,线道99. stone 结石三、陶瓷（一）产品1. china ware 瓷器2.earthenware 陶器3. ordinary ceramics 普通陶瓷4. special ceramics 特种陶瓷5. bioceramics 生物陶瓷6. semiconductive ceramics 半导体陶瓷7．conductive ceramics 导电陶瓷8.superconductive ceramics 超导陶瓷9.magnetic ceramics 磁性瓷10.piezoelectric ceramics 压电陶瓷11.capacitor ceramics 电容器陶瓷12.structural ceramics 结构陶瓷13.advanced ceramics 先进陶瓷14.fine ceramics 精细陶瓷15.engineering ceramics 工程陶瓷16. new ceramics 新型陶瓷17.modern ceramics 近代陶瓷18. high technology ceramics 高技术陶瓷19.high performance ceramics 高性能陶瓷20. construction ceramics 建筑陶瓷21. electronic ceramics 电子陶瓷22. engineering ceramics 工程陶瓷23. foamed ceramics 泡末陶瓷24. functional ceramics 功能陶瓷25. honeycomb ceramics 蜂窝陶瓷26. bone china 骨灰瓷27. feldspar china 长石瓷28. vitrified china 玻化瓷29. fine earthenware 精陶30.talc earthenware 滑石陶器31.electrical porcelain 电瓷2.household porcelain 日用瓷33.sanitary porcelain 卫生瓷34.stoneware 炻器35. altar red 祭红36. bright glaze 光泽釉37. clear glaze 透明釉38. flambè (glaze ) 铜红釉39. fritted glaze 熔块釉40. fusible glaze 易熔釉41. glossy glaze 光泽釉42. ground glaze 底釉43. hard glaze 高温釉44. matt glaze 无光釉45. opaque glaze 乳浊釉,不透明釉46. photochromic glaze 变色釉47. satin glaze 缎光釉,丝光釉48. salt glaze 盐釉49. soft glaze 中、低温釉50.Tang triclour 唐三彩51. transmutation glaze 窑变釉52. vapour glaze 挥发釉53. table ware 餐具54. tile 墙地砖55. sanitary ware 卫生洁具56.sample/facing brick 清水砖（二）生产1. lubricants 润滑剂2. briders 结合剂3.deflocculants 解凝剂、解胶剂、稀释剂4. fluxing agent 助熔剂5. glost fire 釉烧6. glazing 施釉7. filter-pressing 压滤8. temper 练泥9. blend 混料10. pug machine 练泥机11. consolidated and extruded挤压12. stir 搅拌13. sieve 筛分,筛子14. slip casting 注浆成型15. spray drying 喷雾干燥16. atomize 雾化17. moisture content 含水量18. plastic making 可塑成型19. dry pressing 干压成型20. plaster mould 石膏模21. drying shrinkage 干燥收缩22. biscuit firing 素烧23. extrusion 挤压成型24. jolleying 阴模旋坯成型25. jiggering 阳模旋坯成型26. unfired article 生坯27. isostatic pressing 等静压成型28. hot pressing 热压成型29. decoration 装饰30. age 陈腐31. removal from the mould 脱模32. grinding 研磨33. dipping 浸釉34. kiln 窑炉35. curtain coating 淋釉36. spraying 喷釉37. electrostatic spray 静电施釉38. fluidised bed 流化床施釉39. pressing 干法施釉40. sintering 烧结41. refiring 重烧42. tw ice firing 二次烧成43. resistance furnace 电阻炉44. flame furnace 火焰窑炉45. electric furnace 电热窑炉46. shuttle kiln 梭式窑47. down draught kiln 倒焰窑48. intermittent kiln 间歇窑49. roller-hearth kiln 辊道窑50. tunnel kiln 隧道窑51. liquid phase sintering 液相烧结52. induction furnace 感应炉53. electronic impact furnace 电子束炉54. plasma furnace 等离子炉55. reacti on sintering 反应烧结56. heat densification 热致密化57. self-propagating high-temperature synthesis 高温自蔓延烧结58. glaze formula 釉式四、耐火材料1.principal crystalline phase 主晶相2. matrix 基质3. secondary crystalline phase 次晶相4. mineralizer矿化剂5. bulk refractory不定形耐火材料6. magnesia brick rich in CaO 镁钙砖7. high-silica magnesite brick 镁硅砖8. magnesite-chrome brick 镁铬砖9. magnesite-alumina brick 镁铝砖10. magnesite brick 普通镁砖11. magnesite refractory 镁质耐火材料12. fused-quartz product 熔融石英制品13. quartzitic sandston 白泡石14. siliceous refractory 硅质耐火材料15. high-alumina refractory 高铝质耐火材料16. fireclay refractory 粘土质耐火材料17. aluminasilicate refractory 硅酸铝质耐火材料18.graphite refractory 石墨耐火材料19.carbon refractory 炭素耐火材料20.refractory mortar 耐火泥21.slinger mix 投射料22.gunning mix 喷射料23.refractory ramming material 捣打料24.plastic refractory 可塑耐火材料25. refractory castables 浇注料26.binder 胶结剂27.refractory powde r掺合料28.aggregate 骨料29.refractory fibre 耐火纤维31.light weight refractory 轻质耐火材料30.fused cast refractory 熔铸耐火材料五、性能1. elasticity 弹性2. brittleness 脆性3. hardness 硬度4. surface tension 表面张力5. viscosity 粘度6. thermal shock resistance 耐热震性7. glossiness 釉的光泽度8. elastic modulus 弹性模数9. strength 强度10. whitness 白度11.refractoriness under load 荷重软化温度12. vacuum resistance 耐真空性13.volume stability under high temperature高温体积稳定性14. durability 耐久性15. moisture 湿度16.soundness 安定性17.workability 工作性18.adhesiveness 粘附性19.cohesiveness 粘聚性20.bleeding 泌水性21. creep 徐变，蠕变22.crushing value 压碎指标23.density 密度pressive strength 抗压强度25.frost resistance 抗冻性26.flexural strength 弯曲强度27. normal consistency 标准稠度28.modulus of elasticity 弹性模量29.porosity 孔隙率31 Corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀性32. weaterbility 耐候性32. Freeze-thaw cycles 冻融循环33. Toughness 韧性34. compressive strength 抗压强度35. bending strength 抗弯强度36. glass density 玻璃密度37. refractive index 折射率38.thermal stress 热应力。
材料科学与工程专业英语 (1)
材料专业英语
Part 1 Introduction to materials science and engineering
• Unit 1 Physical and chemical properties of materials • Unit 2 Mechanical properties of materials
• 其他材料却截然不同，通常远大于真空值。
0 .
材料专业英语
• Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in magnetic flux density compared with a vacuum, are called diamagnetic. Materials that concentrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic; materials that concentrate the flux by a factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic. The permeability factors of some substances change with rising or falling temperature, or with the intensity of the applied magnetic field.
材料专业英语
• Mass (m) is a fundamental measure of the amount of matter. Weight (w) is a measure of the force exerted by a mass and this force is produced by the acceleration of gravity. • Therefore, on the surface of earth, the 因此，在地球表面，物体的质量由物体的重量和重力加速度 mass of an object is determined by 所决定。 dividing the weight of an object by 9.8 Since we are typically comparing things on the surface of the earth, the weight of an object is m/s2 (the acceleration of gravity on the commonly used rather than calculating its mass. surface of the earth).
无机非金属材料专业英语
被铝取代的氧O2-ion replaced by Al3+比热specific heat波函数wave function玻璃态的vitreous玻璃组成glass composition 不完整的配位incomplete coordination长石feldspar成对电子paired electrons 初晶相the primary phase 磁光效应magneto-optic effect缔合缺陷associated defects 电导conductivity电光效应electro-optic effect电子空穴electron holes电子排布electronconfiguration断裂韧性fracture-toughness二价阳离子divalentcation钙铝硅酸盐玻璃calcium-aluminateglass刚性体rigid body锆英石zircon共沉淀和过饱和coprecipitationandsupersaturation共价键covalent bonds固体电解质Solid electrolyte硅铝酸盐alumina-silica红外投射infraredtransmission互溶体mutual solution化学方程式chemical formulate碱金属alkali metal碱金属硅酸盐玻璃alkali silicateglass碱金属卤化物hailde of alkalimetals角连接的硅氧四面体[SiO4]tetrahedrawith shared corners介电常数、强度、损耗dielectricconstant、strength、losses紧密堆积结构closed-packedstructure近似立方紧密堆积nearly cubicclose-packedstructure净化工艺purificatinprocedures颗粒尺寸分布particle sizedistribution颗粒的重排和团聚particlerearrangement andagglomerate快离子导体Fast ion conductor冷却速率cooling rate离子键ionic bonds链状排列chain arrangement莫来石mullite母体玻璃parent glass钠钙硅玻璃soda-lime-silicaglass配位数coordinationnumber喷雾干燥和煅烧spray-drying andcalcination缺乏absence of缺陷化学defect chemistry热历史the thermal history热能thermal energy热膨胀系数thermal expansioncoefficient熔点melting point软化范围softening range三元系统the ternary system受控结晶controlledcrystallization水软化water softener四面体tetrahedron体积核化volume nucleation退火玻璃annealing glass退火和烧结温度annealing andsinteringtemperature网络结构network structure网络条整体network modifier相图phase diagram学说theory学说解释account for压敏电阻和热敏电阻varistor andthermistor亚原子粒子subatomicparticles衍生结构derivationstructure阳离子cation氧化锆陶瓷zirconia-basedceramics氧离子oxygen ions液相温度liquidustemperature一价阴离子univalent anion异质核化heter ogeneousnucleation阴离子anion阴离子空位vacant anion sites有效电荷effective charges折射率和色散index of refractionand dispersion中间体intermediate转变温度transmissiontemperatureact as作为，冲当aggregation of finepowder细粉团聚alumina-silica铝硅酸盐as compared to与…比较ball-milled powers球磨粉末be based on以…为基础be regarded as被认为是chanrgedinterstitial site带电间隙位chemical formulate化学方程式cohesive fore内聚力commence with从……开始effectivelyneutral charge有效中性点荷fireclay products黏土烧制产品framework框架结构glassy andcrystalline grainboundary phases玻璃相和晶界相hexagonalclosed-packedstructure六方紧密堆积结构host lattice主晶格hot uniaxialpressing单轴热压hybridization ofthe atomic orbitals原子杂化轨道in particular of特别尤其in spite of尽管isotronic均质的isotrophicsubstitution均匀取代layed structure层状结构Low temperaturemodifications低温变体non-metal非金属octahedral hole八面体空隙olivine minerals橄榄石矿物on the basis of 以…为基础point defects点缺陷quantum mechanics 量子力学shrinkage and densification收缩和致密化solid solution固溶体tetrahedral coordinations四面体配位tetrahedral site 四面体位置Three dimensiona models三维结构模型transmission of light beams透过光束transparency、translucency、opacity透明、半透明、不透明universal acceptance普遍认可vacancy pair空位对Van der Waals forces范德华力vice versa反之亦然。
材料科学与工程 专业英语 Unit 1 Materials Science and Engineering
Unit 1 Materials Science and EngineeringTransportation,housing,clothing,communication,recreation and food production-virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by material. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’abilities to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs.交通、住房、衣服、通讯、娱乐和食品生产－实际上我们日常生活的每个部分某种程度上受到材料的影响。
（被动语态）古往今来，社会的发展和进步已经同人们制造和生产材料以满足他们的需要的能力紧密的联系起来了。
The earliest humans has access to only a very limited number of materials，those that occur naturally stone，wood，clay，skins，and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of natural ones: these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore，it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatment and by the addition of other substance.（非限制定语从句）早期的人类仅仅拥有少量的材料，这些材料是天然存在的石头、粘土，皮毛等等。
无机非金属材料工程英语 样本
无机非金属材料工程英语样本In the realm of engineering, particularly in the domain of inorganic non-metallic materials, there exists a vast expanse of linguistic intricacies and technical jargon that often bewilder even the most adept minds. The sheer complexity of this subject matter, coupled with its ever-evolving nature, renders it a perennial source ofperplexity and spontaneity for both novices and seasoned professionals alike.Navigating through the labyrinthine corridors of inorganic non-metallic materials engineering, one is immediately confronted with a plethora of terminologies, each more cryptic than the last. From the arcane depths of crystallography to the enigmatic realms of polymer science, the lexicon of this discipline is replete with terms that seem to dance on the precipice of comprehension, teasing the intellect with their elusive meanings.At the heart of this linguistic enigma lies the concept of material characterization, a process as intricate as it isindispensable. Through a delicate interplay ofspectroscopic analysis, electron microscopy, and mechanical testing, engineers endeavor to unravel the secretsconcealed within the molecular tapestry of inorganic non-metallic materials. Each sample, a testament to theingenuity of human endeavor, serves as a microcosm of the broader scientific inquiry into the properties andbehaviors of these enigmatic substances.In the realm of inorganic non-metallic materials, language serves not merely as a tool for communication, but as a conduit for understanding the very essence of matter itself. As engineers grapple with the complexities of composition and structure, they are compelled to forge new pathways of linguistic expression, crafting a lexicon that mirrors the intricacies of the materials they seek to comprehend.Yet, amidst the labyrinth of technical terminology, there exists a profound sense of wonder and discovery. With each sample meticulously examined and analyzed, engineers are granted a fleeting glimpse into the inner workings of the natural world, a glimpse that serves as both a humblingreminder of humanity's limitations and a testament to its boundless curiosity.In the realm of inorganic non-metallic materials engineering, spontaneity is not merely a byproduct of the creative process; it is a fundamental aspect of the journey towards enlightenment. As engineers grapple with the ever-shifting landscape of scientific discovery, they are constantly forced to adapt and innovate, drawing upon their ingenuity and resourcefulness to overcome the myriad challenges that lie in their path.In conclusion, the world of inorganic non-metallic materials engineering is a tapestry woven from the threads of curiosity, ingenuity, and perseverance. From the cryptic depths of crystallography to the boundless expanse of polymer science, it is a realm where language serves as both a barrier and a bridge, a testament to the indomitable spirit of human inquiry.。
无机非金属专业英语
无机非金属专业英语1、Solid ceramic bodies are generally produced by using the process of powder compaction followed by firing at high temperature. 固体陶胚体通常都是利用粉末压实而后在高温烧结的工艺来生产。
A.Precipitation from solutionB.Uniaxial pressingC.Hot uniaxial pressingD.Solid-state sintering(a) Precipitation from solution 溶液的沉淀析出2、Alumina occurs as the mineral bauxite and is refined in the Bayer process whereby ore is initially dissolved under pressure in sodium hydroxide so that solid impurities (SiO2, TiO2, Fe203) separate from sodium aluminate solution.氧化铝是以矿物质铝矾土的形式出现的，并且在精炼矾土工艺中得以精制。
这个工艺借以矿石最初是在压力下溶解在氢氧化钠中的因此固体杂质如二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铁等就可以从铝酸钠溶液中分离出来。
This solution is either seeded with gibbsite crystals (a-Al2O33H2O) or undergoes autoprecipitation to bayerite (β-Al2O33H2O) after its neutralisation with CO2 gas. Temperature,alumina supersaturation and amount of seed affect particle size during crystallisation. 这种溶液要么是结晶出水铝矿晶体，要么是和二氧化碳气体中和后沉淀出三水铝石。
无机非金属材料专业英语课件
04
The application of inorganic non-metallic materials
Concrete
mechanical property
03
Preparation methods of inorganic non-metallic materials
Sintering is a powder metallurgy process in which powders are compacted and then heated to form a solid mass. It is commonly used to produce ceramics and some types of glass.
However, CVD can require high temperatures and may use toxic or expensive precursors.
CVD is commonly used to produce coatings and thin films of inorganic materials, such as diamond, silicon carbide, and titanium dioxide.
Concrete is a widely used inorganic non-metallic material in architecture. It is strong, durable, and can be molded into various shapes, making it ideal for constructing buildings, bridges, and other structures. Concrete also provides good insulation and soundproofing, and is relatively inexpensive compared to other building materials.
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved （出现）with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society.
1.1 Historical perspective (观察，透视) • Materials are probably more deep-seated (根
深蒂固的, 深层的) in our culture than most of us realize.
• Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation（娱乐）, and food production—virtually（事实上） every segment （方面）of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another（不同程度 地） by materials.
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Related to: be concerned with 相关的 Encompass：to completely cover or surround sth.覆盖或
环绕 Realm：territroy/monarchy/ zone/domain/region
Evoke 引起，唤起 Interdisciplinary 交叉学科 Metallurgy 冶金 Nebulous 模糊的，云雾状的 Agglomerate 团聚，大块 Dielectric current 介电常数 Thermal conductivity 热传导
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
/kingdom/area/branch 区域 Agglomerate：melt 团聚、成块-volcanic rock consisting
of large fragments fused together
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Fundamentals of Materials Science andamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Elaboration 解释，阐述 Stepwise楼梯式的, 逐步的 Recreation 消遣, 娱乐 segment段, 节, 片断 Deteriorative 恶化，变质，
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay（粘土）, skins, and so on.
With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery （陶 器） and various metals.
place at the same time as someone else. Modern/belonging to the present time 同时代的 Nebulous: vague. An idea that is nebulous is not at all clear or exact. 模棱两可的
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Steel age
Advanced materials age
iron age
bronze age
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered （改变）by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances.
Designate: define/denote/label/ name 标记、命名 Access to): approach 途径 Pottery: pots/dishes or other items made from clay
and fired in a kiln (oven) 陶器 Alter: change 改变 Utilization: application /use 应用、 用途 Empower: control 驾驭、控制
In fact, early civilizations have been designated （命名） by the level of their materials development (i.e., Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).
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Stone age
Vocabulary
Contemporary 当代 Stimulus 激励，刺激 Opaque 不透明 Translucent 半透明 Transparent 透明 Deep-seated 根深蒂固的，深层的 Existence 存在, 实在, 生活, 存在物, 实在物 Sophisticated 复杂的 Forerunner 先驱(者), 传令官, 预兆 Intimately 密切地
4 1.4 Classification of Materials 5 1.5 Advanced Materials 6 1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs 6
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
汉语翻译成英文
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility (途径) of suitable materials.
Heat capacity 热容
Refraction 折射，衍射
Ductility
延展性
Overriding 最重要的
Prohibitive 抑制
Judicious
明智的
criterion
准则
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately（密切地） tied to the members’ ability to produce and manipulate （使用）materials to fill their needs.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Chapter1 Introduction
Learning Objectives 2 1.1 Historical Perspective 2 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 2 1.3 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?
材料科学 材料工程 金属材料 非金属材料 陶瓷材料 高分子材料 复合材料 生物材料 半导体材料 先进材料
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Words and phrases
Deep-seated: close/intimate 紧密的 Virtually: practically/in fact/nearly/as good as/in
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
It was not until relatively recent times that scientist came to understand the relationship between structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered （使能够） them to fashion(shape ), to a large degree（非常）, the characteristics of materials.