地球科学专业英语复习题
小升初英语地球科学探索与环境保护单选题50题
小升初英语地球科学探索与环境保护单选题50题1.The sun is a star in the _____.A.solar systemB.universeC.galaxyD.planet答案：A。
太阳是太阳系中的一颗恒星。
选项B“universe”是宇宙；选项C“galaxy”是星系；选项D“planet”是行星。
只有选项A“solar system”太阳系符合题意。
2.The Earth is mainly composed of _____.A.water and landB.rock and soilC.air and waterD.metal and gas答案：A。
地球主要由水和陆地组成。
选项B“rock and soil”岩石和土壤只是地球的一部分；选项C“air and water”空气和水不是地球的主要组成部分；选项D“metal and gas”金属和气体也不准确。
3.The core of the Earth is made up of _____.A.iron and nickelB.rock and soilC.water and iceD.air and gas答案：A。
地球的核心由铁和镍组成。
选项B“rock and soil”岩石和土壤是地球表层的组成部分；选项C“water and ice”水和冰主要存在于地球表面；选项D“air and gas”空气和气体在大气层中。
4.The atmosphere of the Earth is mainly composed of _____.A.oxygen and nitrogenB.water and carbon dioxideC.hydrogen and heliumD.sulfur and phosphorus答案：A。
地球的大气层主要由氧气和氮气组成。
选项B“water and carbon dioxide”水和二氧化碳不是主要成分；选项C“hydrogen and helium”氢和氦主要存在于宇宙中；选项D“sulfur and phosphorus”硫和磷不是大气层的主要成分。
六年级英语地球科学实验单选题50题
六年级英语地球科学实验单选题50题1. In an earth science experiment, we are studying the Earth's interior. The part of the Earth that is the thinnest layer and on which we live is ____.A. the mantleB. the coreC. the crust答案：C。
解析：本题考查地球内部结构的基础知识。
地壳（the crust）是地球最外面的一层，也是最薄的一层，我们生活在这一层之上。
地幔（the mantle）位于地壳之下，地核（the core）是地球的中心部分，所以A和B选项不符合题意。
2. During the earth science experiment, we found that the layer of the Earth which is mostly made of solid rock and is between the crust and the core is ____.A. the crustB. the mantleC. the outer core答案：B。
解析：这道题是关于地球内部结构的知识。
地幔（the mantle）位于地壳（the crust）和地核（the core）之间，主要由固体岩石组成。
地壳是最外层，外核 the outer core）是地核的一部分，所以A和C选项不正确。
3. In our earth science exploration experiment, if we want to study the hottest part of the Earth which is at the very center, we should focus on____.A. the crustB. the mantleC. the core答案：C。
高二英语地球科学探索单选题30题
高二英语地球科学探索单选题30题1.The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas is called _____.A.evaporationB.condensationC.precipitationD.sublimation答案：A。
evaporation 是蒸发；condensation 是冷凝；precipitation 是降水；sublimation 是升华。
题干中说水从液态变为气态的过程叫什么，很明显是蒸发。
2.The outermost layer of the Earth is called _____.A.crustB.mantleC.coreD.lithosphere答案：A。
crust 是地壳；mantle 是地幔；core 是地核；lithosphere 是岩石圈。
地球的最外层是地壳。
3.A large body of water surrounded by land is called a _____.keB.seaC.oceanD.river答案：A。
lake 是湖；sea 是海；ocean 是海洋；river 是河。
被陆地包围的大片水域是湖。
4.The study of the Earth's physical structure and substance is known as _____.A.geologyB.geographyC.astronomyD.biology答案：A。
geology 是地质学；geography 是地理学；astronomy 是天文学；biology 是生物学。
研究地球物理结构和物质的是地质学。
5.The movement of tectonic plates causes _____.A.earthquakesB.volcanoesC.mountainsD.all of the above答案：D。
高二英语地球科学探索单选题30题
高二英语地球科学探索单选题30题1.The Grand Canyon is known for its magnificent _____.A.sceneryB.sceneriesC.viewD.views答案：A。
“scenery”是不可数名词，表示“风景”；“sceneries”这种形式不存在；“view”表示“景色、风景”时常用单数形式，且和“scenery”相比，“view”更强调从某个特定的角度看到的景色。
本题中，大峡谷以其宏伟的风景著称，用“scenery”更合适。
2.The Himalayas are the highest mountain _____ in the world.A.rangesB.rangeC.linesD.line答案：A。
“mountain ranges”表示“山脉”，是固定搭配；“range”单独使用时表示“范围、幅度”等；“lines”和“line”通常表示“线”。
这里喜马拉雅山脉是世界上最高的山脉，要用“ranges”。
3.The Yellowstone National Park is famous for its geothermal _____.A.phenomenonsB.phenomenaC.appearances答案：B。
“phenomenon”的复数形式是“phenomena”，表示“现象”；“appearances”表示“外貌、外观”；“shows”表示“表演、展示”。
黄石国家公园以其地热现象著名，用“phenomena”。
4.The Earth's crust is divided into several large _____.A.platesB.dishesC.pansD.trays答案：A。
“plates”在这里表示“板块”；“dishes”“pans”“trays”分别表示“盘子”“平底锅”“托盘”。
地球的地壳分为几个大板块，用“plates”。
六年级英语地球科学现象单选题50题
六年级英语地球科学现象单选题50题1. The Earth is made up of several layers. Which layer is the outermost part of the Earth?A. CoreB. MantleC. Crust答案：C。
解析：地球由多层结构组成，最外面的一层是地壳Crust，地核Core在地球的中心部分，地幔Mantle在地壳和地核之间，所以这题选C。
2. The crust of the Earth is like a ______.A. thick blanketB. thin shellC. big ball答案：B。
解析：地球的地壳比较薄，就像一个薄的外壳thin shell，而不是厚毯子thick blanket，也不是大球big ball，所以答案是B。
3. Which part of the Earth is very hot and is in the center?A. MantleB. CrustC. Core答案：C。
解析：地球的地核Core位于地球的中心，那里非常热，地幔Mantle不在中心，地壳Crust是最外层，所以这题选C。
4. The mantle is ______ the crust and the core.A. betweenB. outsideC. inside答案：A。
解析：地幔位于地壳和地核之间，between表示在两者之间，outside表示在外面，inside表示在里面，所以答案是A。
5. The Earth's core is mainly made up of ______.A. rockB. waterC. metal答案：C。
解析：地球的地核主要由金属metal构成，而不是岩石rock或者水water，所以这题选C。
6. The crust is the part of the Earth where we ______.A. liveB. swimC. fly答案：A。
地理学英语复试题及答案
地理学英语复试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest ocean on Earth is:A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean2. Which of the following is not a type of climate?A. TropicalB. PolarC. DesertD. Mountainous3. The equator is an imaginary line that:A. Divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern HemispheresB. Is the longest latitude line on EarthC. Is the shortest latitude line on EarthB. D. Both A and B4. What is the capital of Australia?A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. CanberraD. Perth5. The process of erosion is mainly caused by:A. WindB. WaterC. IceD. All of the above6. The term "plate tectonics" refers to:A. The movement of Earth's crustB. The study of Earth's magnetic fieldsC. The study of Earth's atmosphereD. The movement of Earth's oceans7. Which of the following is a renewable resource?A. CoalB. OilC. Solar energyD. Natural gas8. The highest mountain peak in the world is:A. Mount EverestB. K2C. KilimanjaroD. Denali9. The majority of the Earth's freshwater is found in:A. RiversB. LakesC. Ice caps and glaciersD. Groundwater10. The process of photosynthesis primarily occurs in:A. The roots of plantsB. The stems of plantsC. The leaves of plantsD. The flowers of plants二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The four major oceans are the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the ________ Ocean.12. The climate zone that experiences the highest temperatures and the most rainfall is the ________.13. The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds and then falls to the ground as precipitation is known as the ________ cycle.14. The largest desert in the world is the ________.15. The Earth's outermost layer is called the ________.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Explain the difference between weather and climate.17. Describe the role of the sun in the water cycle.18. What are the main factors that influence the formation of deserts?19. Discuss the importance of biodiversity for the health of ecosystems.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）20. Discuss the impact of human activities on the Earth's climate and suggest some possible solutions to mitigate these effects.21. Explain the concept of sustainable development and its significance in addressing global environmental challenges.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. D4. C5. D6. A7. C8. A9. C 10. C二、填空题11. Arctic 12. Tropical 13. Water 14. Sahara 15. Crust三、简答题16. Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditionsin a specific area, while climate is the long-term average of weather patterns in a region.17. The sun is the primary driver of the water cycle,providing the energy needed for evaporation, which leads tothe formation of clouds and precipitation.18. The main factors that influence the formation of deserts include low precipitation, high evaporation rates, and the presence of dry air masses.19. Biodiversity is crucial for the health of ecosystems asit ensures the stability and resilience of the environment, supports nutrient cycling, and provides a variety of ecosystem services.四、论述题20. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have led to increased greenhouse gas emissions, causing global warming. Possible solutions include reducing emissions through renewable energy, afforestation, and energy efficiency measures.21. Sustainable development is a development model that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is significant in addressing global environmental challenges as it promoteseconomic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection.。
高一英语地球科学单选题50题
高一英语地球科学单选题50题1. In a science research on the Earth, the part of the Earth that is closest to the surface and consists of solid rocks is called _.A. mantleB. crustC. coreD. magma答案：B。
解析：“crust”指的是地壳，是地球最接近表面且由坚硬岩石组成的部分。
“mantle”是地幔，位于地壳之下；“core”是地核，是地球的中心部分；“magma”是岩浆，并非最接近地球表面的部分，所以正确答案是B。
2. Scientists believe that the _ is mainly composed of iron and nickel.A. crustB. mantleC. outer coreD. lithosphere答案：C。
解析：外核（outer core）主要由铁和镍组成。
地壳（crust）主要是岩石组成；地幔（mantle）成分与外核不同；岩石圈（lithosphere）包含地壳和上地幔顶部，其成分不是主要为铁和镍，所以C正确。
3. During the popular science lecture, it was mentioned that the _ is a semi - fluid layer between the crust and the core.A. magmaC. inner coreD. asthenosphere答案：B。
解析：地幔（mantle）是位于地壳和地核之间的半流体层。
岩浆（magma）是存在于地幔上部等部分的熔融物质，不完全等同于地幔；内核对 inner core）不是地壳和地核之间的层；软流圈asthenosphere）是地幔中的一部分，不如地幔这个概念全面，所以答案是B。
六年级英语地球科学单选题50题
六年级英语地球科学单选题50题1. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the ____.A. mantleB. coreC. crust答案：C。
解析：“crust”的意思是地壳，地球的最外层是地壳。
选项A“mantle”是地幔，它是位于地壳和地核之间的层。
选项B“core”是地核，是地球的中心部分，所以这题选C。
2. Which part of the Earth is very hot and made mostly of iron and nickel?A. CrustB. MantleC. Core答案：C。
解析：地核（core）非常热，主要由铁和镍组成。
地壳crust）是地球的最外层，地幔 mantle）位于地壳和地核之间，所以这里选C。
3. The layer between the crust and the core is the ____.A. magmaB. mantleC. ocean答案：B。
解析：在地球结构中，位于地壳（crust）和地核（core）之间的层是地幔（mantle）。
“magma”是岩浆，“ocean”是海洋，都不是地球结构中的层，所以选B。
4. The Earth's ____ is the thinnest layer.A. mantleB. coreC. crust答案：C。
解析：地壳（crust）是地球最薄的层。
地幔（mantle）比地壳厚，地核（core）是地球的中心部分，也不是最薄的层，所以答案是C。
5. Which layer of the Earth contains most of the Earth's mass?A. CrustB. MantleC. Core答案：B。
解析：地幔（mantle）包含了地球大部分的质量。
地壳crust）只占地球很小一部分质量，地核 core）虽然很重但质量占比不如地幔多，所以选B。
初二英语地球科学单选题50题
初二英语地球科学单选题50题1. The Earth is made up of several layers. Which part is the outermost layer that we live on?A. MantleB. CoreC. Crust答案：C。
解析：Crust（地壳）是地球的最外层，我们就生活在地壳之上。
Mantle（ 地幔）是位于地壳和地核之间的一层，而Core（ 地核）是地球的中心部分，所以A和B选项不符合题意。
2. The part of the Earth that is mainly composed of iron and nickel is _.A. the crustB. the mantleC. the core答案：C。
解析：Core（ 地核）主要由铁和镍组成。
Crust（ 地壳）主要由岩石等组成，Mantle（地幔）主要由硅酸盐等物质组成，所以A和B选项错误。
3. Which layer of the Earth is the thickest?A. The crustB. The mantleC. The outer core答案：B。
解析：Mantle 地幔）是地球最厚的一层。
Crust 地壳）相对较薄，Outer core（ 外核）虽然也是地球内部的重要部分，但厚度不及地幔，所以A和C选项错误。
4. Earthquakes often happen because of the movement of _.A. the crustB. the oceanC. the atmosphere答案：A。
解析：地震常常是由于地壳（the crust）的运动而发生的。
海洋 the ocean）的运动一般不会直接导致地震，大气 the atmosphere）的运动与地震也没有直接关系，所以B和C选项错误。
5. The layer of the Earth that is closest to the surface and has a relatively thin thickness is _.A. the mantleB. the crustC. the inner core答案：B。
高三英语基础地球科学概念单选题45题
高三英语基础地球科学概念单选题45题1. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the crust. Which of the following statements about the crust is correct?A. It is the thickest layer of the EarthB. It is mainly made up of liquid substancesC. It is the thinnest layer among the Earth's main layersD. It has no influence on the Earth's surface features答案：C。
解析：地壳是地球最外层，是地球主要圈层中最薄的一层，A选项错误，地核才是最厚的层；地壳主要由固态物质组成，B选项错误；地壳的运动等对地球表面特征有很大影响，D选项错误。
2. The mantle is an important part of the Earth. Which of the following is a characteristic of the mantle?A. It is completely solidB. It is the coolest part of the EarthC. It can flow slowly over a long periodD. It is separated from the crust by a large amount of water答案：C。
解析：地幔不是完全固态的，它可以在长时间内缓慢流动，A选项错误；地幔不是地球最冷的部分，B选项错误；地幔和地壳之间没有大量水来分隔，D选项错误。
3. The core of the Earth is divided into two parts: the outer core and the inner core. What is the state of the outer core?A. SolidB. GasC. LiquidD. Plasma答案：C。
高三地球科学调查单选题50题
高三地球科学调查单选题50题1. The Earth's core is mainly composed of ____.A. Iron and nickelB. Silicon and oxygenC. Magnesium and aluminumD. Carbon and hydrogen答案：A。
解析：地球的核心主要由铁和镍组成。
选项A符合地球科学中关于地球核心组成成分的事实。
选项B硅和氧是地壳中较为常见的元素组合。
选项C镁和铝不是地核的主要组成成分。
选项D 碳和氢在地核中不是主要成分。
2. Which of the following is a direct evidence of plate movement?A. The same fossils are found on different continentsB. The change of seasonsC. The formation of volcanoes in the middle of continentsD. The variation of ocean depth答案：A。
解析：在不同大陆发现相同的化石是板块运动的直接证据，这表明这些大陆曾经是连接在一起的，后来由于板块运动而分离。
选项B季节的变化是由于地球公转和地轴倾斜造成的，与板块运动无关。
选项C大陆中部火山的形成可能是由于地幔柱等原因，不是板块运动的直接证据。
选项D海洋深度的变化有多种原因，并非直接指向板块运动。
3. The lithosphere is made up of ____.A. The crust onlyB. The upper mantle onlyC. The crust and the upper mantleD. The lower mantle and the core答案：C。
解析：岩石圈是由地壳和上地幔顶部组成的。
选项A 只提到了地壳，不全面。
高一地球科学监测单选题50题
高一地球科学监测单选题50题1. The Earth's core is mainly composed of _.A. Iron and nickelB. Silicon and oxygenC. Aluminum and magnesiumD. Calcium and potassium答案：A。
解析：地球的核心主要由铁和镍组成。
选项A正确。
选项B中的硅和氧是地壳中较为常见的元素组成。
选项C中的铝和镁不是地核的主要组成成分。
选项D中的钙和钾也不是地核主要成分。
2. Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?A. CrustB. MantleC. Outer coreD. Inner core答案：A。
解析：地球的地壳是最薄的一层。
地壳平均厚度约17千米，而地幔、外核、内核厚度都比地壳厚，所以选项A正确，选项B、C、D错误。
3. The mantle of the Earth is _.A. Solid throughoutB. Liquid throughoutC. Partly solid and partly liquidD. Gaseous答案：C。
解析：地球的地幔部分是固态，部分是液态，上地幔存在软流层为液态物质，其他部分为固态物质。
选项A说整个地幔是固态错误。
选项B说整个地幔是液态错误。
选项D说地幔是气态是完全错误的概念。
4. Seismic waves can tell us a lot about the Earth's interior. Which type of seismic wave cannot pass through the outer core?A. P - waveB. S - waveC. Rayleigh waveD. Love wave答案：B。
解析：S波是横波，不能穿过外核，因为外核是液态物质，横波只能在固态中传播。
九年级英语地球科学单选题50题
九年级英语地球科学单选题50题1. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the crust. Which of the following statements about the crust is correct?A. It is the hottest part of the Earth.B. It is mainly made up of liquid.C. It is the thinnest layer among the three main layers of the Earth.D. It contains the Earth's magnetic field.答案：C。
解析：地球的结构分为地壳、地幔和地核三层，地壳是最外层，是三层中最薄的一层。
A选项，地球最热的部分是地核，不是地壳；B选项，地壳主要由固体岩石组成，不是液体；D选项，地球的磁场主要由地核产生，不是地壳。
2. The mantle is an important part of the Earth. Which of the following best describes the mantle?A. It is completely solid.B. It is between the crust and the outer core.C. It has no influence on volcanic eruptions.D. It is the coldest part of the Earth.答案：B。
解析：地幔位于地壳和外核之间。
A选项，地幔并不是完全固体，它具有一定的可塑性；C选项，地幔中的岩浆活动对火山喷发有很大影响；D选项，地幔不是地球最冷的部分，地球最冷的部分是地表的一些区域。
3. The core of the Earth is divided into two parts: the outer core andthe inner core. What is the state of the outer core?A. Solid.B. Liquid.C. Gas.D. Plasma.答案：B。
五年级地球科学英语阅读理解30题
五年级地球科学英语阅读理解30题1<The Interior Structure of the Earth>The Earth is like a huge, mysterious ball. It has an interior structure that is very interesting. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the crust. The crust is relatively thin compared to the other parts of the Earth. It is like the skin of an apple. There are two types of crust: continental crust and oceanic crust. The continental crust is thicker and less dense, while the oceanic crust is thinner and denser.Beneath the crust lies the mantle. The mantle is much thicker than the crust. It is made up of hot, semi - solid rock. The mantle is constantly moving in a very slow way. This movement can cause volcanic eruptions and earthquakes on the surface of the Earth.At the very center of the Earth is the core. The core can be divided into two parts: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is liquid, mainly composed of molten iron and nickel. The inner core, on the other hand, is solid. It is also made up of iron and nickel, but due to the extremely high pressure in the center of the Earth, it remains solid.1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth?A. The mantleB. The crustC. The outer coreD. The inner core答案：B。
小升初英语地球科学与环境保护单选题50题
小升初英语地球科学与环境保护单选题50题1.We can find many different kinds of rocks in the mountains. Which one is NOT a kind of rock?A.marbleB.sandC.graniteD.limestone答案：B。
解析：marble（大理石）、granite（花岗岩）、limestone 石灰岩）都是岩石的种类，而sand（ 沙子）是颗粒物质，不是岩石。
本题考查词汇理解。
2.The soil is important for growing plants. What makes the soil fertile?A.waterB.airC.mineralsD.sunlight答案：C。
解析：minerals（ 矿物质）能使土壤肥沃。
water（ 水）、air（空气）、sunlight（阳光）对植物生长也很重要，但不是使土壤肥沃的主要因素。
本题考查词汇理解。
3.Some rocks are very hard. What is the hardest rock?A.diamondB.quartzC.obsidian答案：A。
解析：diamond（ 钻石）是最硬的岩石。
quartz（ 石英）、obsidian（ 黑曜石）、gneiss（ 片麻岩）都没有钻石硬。
本题考查词汇比较。
4.Rocks can be different colors. What color is limestone usually?A.whiteB.blackC.redD.blue答案：A。
解析：limestone 石灰岩）通常是白色的。
本题考查词汇理解。
5.The ground is made up of different layers. What is the top layer called?A.crustB.mantleC.coreD.surface答案：A。
六年级英语地球科学知识单选题40题
六年级英语地球科学知识单选题40题1.The earth is _____.A.flatB.roundC.squareD.triangular答案：B。
地球是近似球体的，是圆形的。
选项A，flat（平的）不符合地球的实际形状；选项C，square（ 正方形）和选项D，triangular 三角形）也都与地球的真实形状不符。
2.The shape of the earth is like a _____.A.ballB.cubeC.coneD.cylinder答案：A。
地球的形状像一个球体。
选项B，cube（ 立方体）；选项C，cone（圆锥体）；选项D，cylinder（圆柱体）都不是地球的形状。
3.The earth is very _____.A.smallB.bigC.mediumD.tiny答案：B。
地球在宇宙中相对较大。
选项A，small 小的）；选项D，tiny（微小的）不符合地球的实际大小；选项C，medium（中等的）也不准确。
4.The earth is larger than _____.A.the moonB.the sunC.the starsD.the planets答案：A。
地球比月球大。
选项B，太阳比地球大得多；选项C，很多恒星比太阳还大，更比地球大；选项D，有些行星比地球大，有些比地球小，不具有普遍性。
5.The size of the earth is _____.A.very smallB.very largeC.medium sizeD.extremely large答案：B。
地球的大小是比较大的。
选项A，very small（ 非常小）错误；选项C，medium size（ 中等大小）不准确；选项D，extremely large 极其大）有点夸张。
6.The earth is not a perfect _____.A.sphereB.cubeD.cylinder答案：A。
六年级英语地球科学单选题40题
六年级英语地球科学单选题40题1.The shape of the Earth is _____.A.flatB.cubeC.sphereD.cone答案：C。
地球的形状是球体，选项A“flat”（平的）错误；选项B“cube”（ 立方体）错误；选项D“cone”（ 圆锥体）错误。
本题考查地球形状的常识以及英语单词的理解。
2.The Earth is very _____.A.smallB.mediumrgeD.tiny答案：C。
地球很大，选项A“small”（ 小的）错误；选项D“tiny” 极小的）错误；选项B“medium”（ 中等的）不准确。
本题考查对地球大小的认知以及英语形容词的用法。
3.The Earth is _____ than the moon.A.biggerB.smallerC.sameD.lighter答案：A。
地球比月亮大，选项B“smaller”（更小的）错误；选项C“same”（相同的）错误；选项D“lighter”（更轻的）不符合比较对象。
本题考查比较级的用法以及地球和月亮大小的常识。
4.The Earth is one of the _____ in the solar system.A.starsB.planetsC.moonsets答案：B。
地球是太阳系中的行星之一，选项A“stars” 恒星）错误；选项C“moons”（ 卫星）错误；选项D“comets”（ 彗星）错误。
本题考查太阳系的常识以及英语单词的辨析。
5.The size of the Earth is about _____ kilometers in diameter.A.12742B.127420C.1274200D.12742000答案：A。
地球的直径约为12742 千米，选项B、C、D 数据错误。
本题考查地球大小的具体数据以及英语数字的认读。
6.The Earth is mostly covered by _____.ndB.waterC.iceD.sand答案：B。
六年级英语地球科学现象单选题50题
六年级英语地球科学现象单选题50题1. The ______ is the outermost layer of the Earth.A. mantleB. coreC. crust答案：C。
解析：地球科学知识方面，地壳（crust）是地球的最外层，地幔（（mantle）在中间，地核（（core）在最中心。
英语语法知识上，这里考查名词的辨析。
2. Which part of the Earth is between the crust and the core?A. crustB. mantleC. ocean答案：B。
解析：地球科学知识中，地幔位于地壳和地核之间。
从英语语法角度看，这是对单词含义的考查，ocean（（海洋）与地球内部结构无关。
3. The Earth's core is mainly made of ______.A. waterB. iron and nickelC. rocks答案：B。
解析：地球科学知识表明，地球的地核主要由铁（（iron）和镍（nickel）组成。
英语语法方面是名词的理解，water（水）不是地核的组成部分，rocks（岩石）主要在地壳和地幔部分。
4. The ______ is thicker under the continents than under the oceans.A. crustB. mantleC. core答案：A。
解析：地球科学知识显示，地壳在大陆下比在海洋下更厚。
英语语法角度是名词辨析，mantle（（地幔）和core（（地核）不存在这种在大陆和海洋下厚度的比较情况。
5. Which layer of the Earth is very hot and can flow like a liquid?A. crustB. mantleC. core答案：B。
解析：地球科学知识里，地幔温度很高并且可以像液体一样流动。
英语语法上是对地球各层名词含义的考查，crust（（地壳）是固态且较硬，core（地核）虽然也很热但表述不符合题意。
地球科学专业英语复习题
地球科学专业英语复习题CenozoicQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneMesozoicCretaceousJurassicTriassicPaleozoicPermianCarboniferousDevonianSilurianOrdovicianCambrian1.methods of establishing relative ages(1) superposition, (2) faunal succession, (3) crosscutting relations, and (4) inclusions.Radiometric dating 同位素年龄测定2.沉积岩are classified on the basis of the texture and composition of their constituent particles.Two main groups are recognized:(1)clastic rocks, formed from fragments of other rocks,conglomeratesandstonemudstone(2)chemical rocks and biochemical rocks.LimestoneDolostoneChertEvaporites-Gypsum, rock salt3.沉积岩结构. The most important sedimentary structures are stratification, cross-bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks, and mud cracks.4.沉积环境the major sedimentary systems are (1) fluvial, (2) alluvial-fan, (3) eolian, (4) glacial, (5) delta, (6) shoreline, (7) organicreef, (8) shallow-marine, and (9) deep-marine.5.沉积来源(1)the weathering of preexisting rock, (2)transportation of the material away from the original site, (3)deposition of the eroded material in the sea or in some other sedimentary environment, (4)followed by compaction and cementation.6.沉积岩（板块构造）Plate tectonics has a profound influence on the origin of sedimentary rocks in that it controls sediment sources, pathways, climate zones, and depositional systems. As a result, each major tectonic setting produces a distinctive sequence of sedimentary rocks.7.全球气候现状Global temperatures are rising.Precipitation has increased by about 1 percent over the world's continents in the last century, with more rain in high latitudes and less rain in many tropical areas. Sea levels have risen approximately 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) worldwide in the last century, due to melting mountain glaciers and ocean expansion from warmer ocean temperatures.8.全球气候变化的原因Several things cause it to change, and indeed it is always in a state of flux. Most notably is its orbital variations through very long periods (tens of thousands of years), which has caused past ice ages. Second would be variations in solar output from the sun, such as sun spots. Finally, dominatingchanges recently is the increase in greenhouse gases emitted by humans, warming the earth and causing other changes within the system.9.代用指标-tree ringsice coresdeep lake sedimentscoral reefsPollenMarine SedimentsFossils and LandformsStable isotopes of oxygenAlkenone (U37K )Foraminifera Mg/CaDelta 44Ca10. Convergent boundariesocean-continent Accretionary wedge Examples: W. coast of S. Americaocean-ocean Volcanic island arcs Examples: Japan, Philipine islandContinental crust shortens/thickens Examples: Himalayas, Alps, Appalachians11.Divergent boundariesMid-Ocean RidgesRed SeaEast Afican RiftAtlantic ocean12. transform fault boundaries13.石灰岩在变质作用只有少量的变化Pure limestone and sand stone are made mostly of single minerals: calcite and quartz. Neither mineral is much affected by metamorphism, so the only change is grain structure. recrystallizing14. 古水流方向cross bed (inclined downward, or dip in the direction of flow), asummetrical ripple marks15. 蒸发作用形成的沉积岩Evaporites form when dissolved minerals remain after a body of water evaporates. Rock salt and rock gypsum are examples.16.海洋的驱动力The warm surface layer of the ocean is moved principally by wind-driven circulations that form circular patterns.The deep oceans circulate because of changes in density caused by salinity and temperature (density-driven circulations).17.两层水a thin upper layer of warm, well-stirred water (100m) anda thick mass of deeper, colder water that is relatively calm and slow-moving.18. What is the English for Earth Sciences?专业英语Specialty + EnglishGeological English –English for Earth Sciences (Geosciences)19. Why we study the Earth Science English?Worldwide communicationScientific publication20. How to study the Earth Science English?Listening & SpeakingReading & Writing。
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Cenozoic
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
1.methods of establishing relative ages
(1) superposition, (2) faunal succession, (3) crosscutting relations, and (4) inclusions.
Radiometric dating 同位素年龄测定
2.沉积岩are classified on the basis of the texture and composition of their constituent particles.
Two main groups are recognized:
(1)clastic rocks, formed from fragments of other rocks,
conglomerate
sandstone
mudstone
(2)chemical rocks and biochemical rocks.
Limestone
Dolostone
Chert
Evaporites-Gypsum, rock salt
3.沉积岩结构
. The most important sedimentary structures are stratification, cross-bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks, and mud cracks.
4.沉积环境
the major sedimentary systems are (1) fluvial, (2) alluvial-fan, (3) eolian, (4) glacial, (5) delta, (6) shoreline, (7) organicreef, (8) shallow-marine, and (9) deep-marine.
5.沉积来源
(1)the weathering of preexisting rock, (2)transportation of the material away from the original site, (3)deposition of the eroded material in the sea or in some other sedimentary environment, (4)followed by compaction and cementation.
6.沉积岩（板块构造）
Plate tectonics has a profound influence on the origin of sedimentary rocks in that it controls sediment sources, pathways, climate zones, and depositional systems. As a result, each major tectonic setting produces a distinctive sequence of sedimentary rocks.
7.全球气候现状
Global temperatures are rising.Precipitation has increased by about 1 percent over the world's continents in the last century, with more rain in high latitudes and less rain in many tropical areas. Sea levels have risen approximately 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) worldwide in the last century, due to melting mountain glaciers and ocean expansion from warmer ocean temperatures.
8.全球气候变化的原因
Several things cause it to change, and indeed it is always in a state of flux. Most notably is its orbital variations through very long periods (tens of thousands of years), which has caused past ice ages. Second would be variations in solar output from the sun, such as sun spots. Finally, dominating
changes recently is the increase in greenhouse gases emitted by humans, warming the earth and causing other changes within the system.
9.代用指标
-tree rings
ice cores
deep lake sediments
coral reefs
Pollen
Marine Sediments
Fossils and Landforms
Stable isotopes of oxygen
Alkenone (U37K )
Foraminifera Mg/Ca
Delta 44Ca
10. Convergent boundaries
ocean-continent Accretionary wedge Examples: W. coast of S. America
ocean-ocean Volcanic island arcs Examples: Japan, Philipine island
Continental crust shortens/thickens Examples: Himalayas, Alps, Appalachians
11.Divergent boundaries
Mid-Ocean Ridges
Red Sea
East Afican Rift
Atlantic ocean
12. transform fault boundaries
13.石灰岩在变质作用只有少量的变化Pure limestone and sand stone are made mostly of single minerals: calcite and quartz. Neither mineral is much affected by metamorphism, so the only change is grain structure. recrystallizing
14. 古水流方向cross bed (inclined downward, or dip in the direction of flow), asummetrical ripple marks
15. 蒸发作用形成的沉积岩Evaporites form when dissolved minerals remain after a body of water evaporates. Rock salt and rock gypsum are examples.
16.海洋的驱动力
The warm surface layer of the ocean is moved principally by wind-driven circulations that form circular patterns.
The deep oceans circulate because of changes in density caused by salinity and temperature (density-driven circulations).
17.两层水
a thin upper layer of warm, well-stirred water (100m) and
a thick mass of deeper, colder water that is relatively calm and slow-moving.
18. What is the English for Earth Sciences?
专业英语Specialty + English
Geological English –
English for Earth Sciences (Geosciences)
19. Why we study the Earth Science English?
Worldwide communication
Scientific publication
20. How to study the Earth Science English?
Listening & Speaking
Reading & Writing。