人教版高中英语必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdom-语法篇(教师版)
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Unit2 The United Kingdom -语法篇
1.学会过去分词作宾补的用法;
2.理解作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
3.能够使用过去分词做宾补的情况作对相关题目,灵活使用。
过去分词作宾补
作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
1.及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
例如:I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。
2.少数不及物动词如go,change,fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
例如:She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上,她发现项链不见了。3.动词seat,hide,dress,lose,devote 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义,因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如:When I came in,I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时,发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况:
1.使役动词get ,have ,make,keep,leave 等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,表:
“致使某人或某事被⋯”
We should keep them informed of what is going on here.
Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist ' s.
2 .感官动词feel,find ,hear,notice ,see,watch 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后,表:“感受到某人或某事被做”。
I was sleeping when I heard my name called.
He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.
I saw him beaten by his mother.
3.表示“意欲;命令”的动词如:like ,order,want,wish ,相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be,表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”
I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible
He didn ' t want such question discussed at the meeting.
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
1 感feel 1 闻smell 1 发现find
2 听hear,listen to ,
3 情感want ,
wish
,
like
4 使役keep,
leave
,
get,have,make
4 看
,notice
,
see,look
at ,
observe,catch +sth./sb.
done
4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态,这时过去分词改作主语补足语,说明主语所处的状态。
The door was found broken.
5.“ with+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:
The murderer was brought in ,with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)With water heated ,we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)With the matter settled ,we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。
She stood in front of him ,with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他(fix one ' s eyes为o固n 定短语,因此,不可将句中fixed 换为fixing )He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时,用现在分词的形式。
She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。(beat 意为“心跳”,是不及物动词)掌握“使役动词have + 宾语+过去分词”的几种含义在“ have+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语,have 也可用get.这一结构具有以下几种含义:
1.意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如:
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)
2.意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如:
Be careful ,or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心,否则会弄伤手的。
3.意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。例如:
He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。(主语自己可能参与)
4.过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系,但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系,不定式强调动作发生的全过程,现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系,正在进行。I saw her taken out of the classroom.
I saw her come into the classroom.
I saw her coming into the classroom.
省略to 的情况:
1)情态动词(除ought 外,ought to);