定语从句归纳

定语从句（the attributive clause）

一．什么叫定语从句？

一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。

二．定语从句的结构及种类

1.结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它

2.种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

三．关系词的分类及关系词

1.关系代词：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as

2.关系副词：when，where，why

四．关系词的功用

1.起连接作用，引导定语从句

2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。

五．什么是先行词？

被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。

六．关系词的用法

1.who

当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who。

The boy who is standing over there is Tom.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

2.whom

当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选whom.

This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.

3.whose

①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.

This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.

②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.

We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.

4.that

①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.

This is a machine that can walk.

②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that. 另外，that可以省略。

I like the present (that) my father sent me.

③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=who

The boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.

5.which

当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which，它在句中作主语或宾语，

which=that

6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that

①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时

Is there anything that I can do for you?

②当先行词为不定代词all时

Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.

③当先行词被all, some, any修饰时

These are all the things that I have done today.

④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时

This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.

⑤当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时

This is the cleaning room that you can see here.

⑥time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时

This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.

⑦尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。

He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago

⑧以who开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。

Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ?

⑨当先行词包括人和物时。

7. 下列情况下，关系词只能选which

①在非限制性定语从句中。

This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.

②先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时

The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.

③当先行词指物，用“介词+which”

This is the pen with which I often write.

8. as

As 引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As在句中作主语，宾语。

①as 单独引导定语从句。

As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.

②the same …as…与…一样

I have the same idea as you.

③such… as…和…一样

Don’t read such a book as you can’t understand.

④as…as…和…一样

In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.

9. where

①当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选where，where=介

词+which

This is the classroom where we study.

②尽管先行词是指地点的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，只能选that/which.

This is the factory that/which makes paper

This is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday.

③尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句

只能用which

This is the school, which he visited.

④the one 是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的that/which 往往省略。

Is this factory the one you visited?

⑤当situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时，选

where

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.

⑥尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选