麦肯锡相关资料
麦肯锡__著名九大手册之二
二、解决问题的方法与途径 麦肯锡九大手册之二
我们解决问题的方法和途径
1
—McKinsey公司顾问客户服务培训手册二、解决问题的方法与途径
保密
Getting a good start 好的开始是成功的一半（2）
我们解决问题的方法和途径
2000年12月
本手册及附件包括了McKinsey公司顾问客户服务培训所需的全部基本资料。拿到 本手册的McKinsey员工必须确保本手册没有被复制、散发或采取任何方式为第三 方所用（包括我们的客户）。在您离开McKinsey公司时，有义务归还本文件。
2
二、解决问题的方法与途径
2. 我们解决问题的方法和途径
A. 公司网络 – 利用公司现有知识 B. 核心分析框架 C. 一般性诊断方法
3
二、解决问题的方法与途径
我们解决问题的方法和途径
随着公司规模扩大和业务多元化，客户的问题也会变得越来越 具有复杂性、文化性和离散性，如何利用公司积累的知识和经验就 成为前所未有的巨大挑战。然而，如果我们不学习和利用经验，就 可能会重蹈覆辙。同时，机械地运用这些知识又很可能忽视了客户 的特殊要求。所以不妨把这里提到的方法看作是工匠的工具，把你 自己看作是需要了解何时和如何使用工具来创造出最终优质产品的 工匠。
麦肯锡咨询模式分析教材(PPT35张)
1、想要体面生活，又觉得打拼辛苦；想要健康身体，又无法坚持运动。人最失败的，莫过于对自己不负责任，连答应自己的事都办不到，又何必抱怨这个世界都和你作对？人生的道理很简单，你想要什么，就去付出足够的努力。 2、时间是最公平的，活一天就拥有24小时，差别只是珍惜。你若不相信努力和时光，时光一定第一个辜负你。有梦想就立刻行动，因为现在过的每一天，都是余生中最年轻的一天。 3、无论正在经历什么，都请不要轻言放弃，因为从来没有一种坚持会被辜负。谁的人生不是荆棘前行，生活从来不会一蹴而就，也不会永远安稳，只要努力，就能做独一无二平凡可贵的自己。 4、努力本就是年轻人应有的状态，是件充实且美好的事，可一旦有了表演的成分，就会显得廉价，努力，不该是为了朋友圈多获得几个赞，不该是每次长篇赘述后的自我感动，它是一件平凡而自然而然的事，最佳的努力不过是：但行好事，莫问前程。愿努力，成就更好的你！ 5、付出努力却没能实现的梦想，爱了很久却没能在一起的人，活得用力却平淡寂寞的青春，遗憾是每一次小的挫折，它磨去最初柔软的心智、让我们懂得累积时间的力量；那些孤独沉寂的时光，让我们学会守候内心的平和与坚定。那些脆弱的不完美，都会在努力和坚持下，改变模样。 6、人生中总会有一段艰难的路，需要自己独自走完，没人帮助，没人陪伴，不必畏惧，昂头走过去就是了，经历所有的挫折与磨难，你会发现，自己远比想象中要强大得多。多走弯路，才会找到捷径，经历也是人生，修炼一颗强大的内心，做更好的自己！ 7、“一定要成功”这种内在的推动力是我们生命中最神奇最有趣的东西。一个人要做成大事，绝不能缺少这种力量，因为这种力量能够驱动人不停地提高自己的能力。一个人只有先在心里肯定自己，相信自己，才能成就自己！ 8、人生的旅途中，最清晰的脚印，往往印在最泥泞的路上，所以，别畏惧暂时的困顿，即使无人鼓掌，也要全情投入，优雅坚持。真正改变命运的，并不是等来的机遇，而是我们的态度。 9、这世上没有所谓的天才，也没有不劳而获的回报，你所看到的每个光鲜人物，其背后都付出了令人震惊的努力。请相信，你的潜力还远远没有爆发出来，不要给自己的人生设限，你自以为的极限，只是别人的起点。写给渴望突破瓶颈、实现快速跨越的你。 10、生活中，有人给予帮助，那是幸运，没人给予帮助，那是命运。我们要学会在幸运青睐自己的时候学会感恩，在命运磨练自己的时候学会坚韧。这既是对自己的尊重，也是对自己的负责。 11、失败不可怕，可怕的是从来没有努力过，还怡然自得地安慰自己，连一点点的懊悔都被麻木所掩盖下去。不能怕，没什么比自己背叛自己更可怕。 12、跌倒了，一定要爬起来。不爬起来，别人会看不起你，你自己也会失去机会。在人前微笑，在人后落泪，可这是每个人都要学会的成长。 13、要相信，这个世界上永远能够依靠的只有你自己。所以，管别人怎么看，坚持自己的坚持，直到坚持不下去为止。 14、也许你想要的未来在别人眼里不值一提，也许你已经很努力了可还是有人不满意，也许你的理想离你的距离从来没有拉近过......但请你继续向前走，因为别人看不到你的努力，你却始终看得见自己。 15、所有的辉煌和伟大，一定伴随着挫折和跌倒；所有的风光背后，一定都是一串串揉和着泪水和汗水的脚印。 16、成功的反义词不是失败，而是从未行动。有一天你总会明白，遗憾比失败更让你难以面对。 17、没有一件事情可以一下子把你打垮，也不会有一件事情可以让你一步登天，慢慢走，慢慢看，生命是一个慢慢累积的过程。 18、努力也许不等于成功，可是那段追逐梦想的努力，会让你找到一个更好的自己，一个沉默努力充实安静的自己。 19、你相信梦想，梦想才会相信你。有一种落差是，你配不上自己的野心，也辜负了所受的苦难。 20、生活不会按你想要的方式进行，它会给你一段时间，让你孤独、迷茫又沉默忧郁。但如果靠这段时间跟自己独处，多看一本书，去做可以做的事，放下过去的人，等你度过低潮，那些独处的时光必定能照亮你的路，也是这些不堪陪你成熟。所以，现在没那么糟，看似生活对你的亏欠，其 实都是祝愿。
单分换模SMED 麦肯锡 培训资料
快速换模（SMED）是缩短换模时间的一种方法
SMED = Single Minute* Exchange of Dies
希望每个结构都能在十分钟内被完成， 所以我提出了这个概念‘单分钟换 模’1，或SMED
– Shigeo Shingo , 1969
1 这里，单分指一个单一阿拉伯数字的分－少于10分钟 资料来源：Shigeo Shingo 制造业的革命：单分钟换模（SMED）系统
X
WASTE of movement
X
WAST基E of于rep观eated察acti确on 定
X
时间浪费
3
Ex
WASTE of movement
5
In
5
In
5
In X
6
In X
WASTE of transport
WASTE of transport, can be externalised if two operators
实现外部换模的两个尺寸实现了标准化的板或框架
中间夹具 台面
冲模 A
夹具 1
当安装在夹具1上的工件正在被加工的 同时，下一个工件被装上夹具2，并做 调整（也就是在进行外部换模操作）
冲模 A
夹具1
夹具 2
冲模 B
资料来源：麦肯锡
McKinsey & Company | 18
毕竟，确定的部分已转变为外部工序，这么，可以通过较小的技术 改进来缩短内部工序
Total :
Timing
Can be split in
In/Exter Trans
h
min sec nal
★麦肯锡咨询工具汇总
麦肯锡1。
麦肯锡7S模型 (1)2. 麦肯锡七步分析法 (4)3. 麦肯锡三层面理论 (5)4. 麦肯锡逻辑树分析法 (6)5。
麦肯锡七步成诗法 (8)6。
麦肯锡客户盈利性矩阵 (12)注1: 新7S原则 (14)麦肯锡咨询公司（Mckinsey & Company）是世界级领先的全球管理咨询公司。
自1926年成立以来,公司的使命就是帮助领先的企业机构实现显著、持久的经营业绩改善，打造能够吸引、培育和激励杰出人才的优秀组织机构。
麦肯锡采取“公司一体”的合作伙伴关系制度，在全球44个国家有80多个分公司，共拥有6500多名咨询顾问。
麦肯锡大中华分公司包括北京、香港、上海与台北四家分公司，共有40多位董事和250多位咨询顾问。
在过去十年中，麦肯锡在大中华区完成了800多个项目，涉及公司整体与业务单元战略、企业金融、营销/销售与渠道、组织架构、制造/采购/供应链、技术、产品研发等领域。
1.麦肯锡7S模型目录1 麦肯锡7S模型简介二十世纪七、八十年代,美国人饱受了经济不景气、失业的苦恼，同时听够了有关日本企业成功经营的艺术等各种说法，也在努力寻找着适合于本国企业发展振兴的法宝。
托马斯·J·彼得斯（Thomas J．Peters）和小罗伯特·H·沃特曼（Robert H．Waterman），这两位斯坦福大学的管理硕士、长期服务于美国著名的麦肯锡管理顾问公司的学者，访问了美国历史悠久、最优秀的62家大公司，又以获利能力和成长的速度为准则,挑出了43家杰出的模范公司，其中包括IBM、德州仪器、惠普、麦当劳、柯达、杜邦等各行业中的翘楚.他们对这些企业进行了深入调查、并与商学院的教授进行讨论，以麦肯锡顾问公司研究中心设计的企业组织七要素（简称7S模型）为研究的框架，总结了这些成功企业的一些共同特点,写出了《追求卓越——美国企业成功的秘诀》一书,使众多的美国企业重新找回了失落的信心.7—S模型指出了企业在发展过程中必须全面地考虑各方面的情况，包括结构（Structure）、制度（Systems)、风格（Style)、员工（Staff）、技能(Skills)、战略（Strategy）、共同价值观（Shared Valueds）。
麦肯锡完整版
19
典型咨询项目流程
图表1－6
交流：为变革创造条件
1.项目 初始期 2.项目 启动期 3.设计问题解决方案 假设 材料分析 结论与报告 4.报告 5.实施
在附录B中你将看到在一个真实的项目中的各个阶段 所用到的项目文档 第一阶段 • LOP 第二阶段 • Problem statement worksheet • Logic tree • Issue analysis • Activity plan 第三阶段 • Extract from -Storyline -Storyboard
麦肯锡九大手册之一
我们如何开展项目
1
—McKinsey公司顾问客户服务培训手册
保密
Getting a good start 好的开始是成功的一半（1）
我们如何开展项目
2000年12月
本手册及附件包括了McKinsey公司顾问客户服务培训所需的全部基本资料。拿到 本手册的McKinsey员工必须确保本手册没有被复制、散发或采取任何方式为第三 方所用（包括我们的客户）。在您离开McKinsey公司时，有义务归还本文件。
2
1. 我们如何开展项目
A. 不同项目中麦肯锡的不同角色 B. 麦肯锡咨询项目的典型流程 C. 在团队中工作 D. 明确顾问角色和我们对您的期望
3
1.我们如何开展项目
大多数进行中项目的客户关系由客户服务团队（CST）来管理。核心客户服务团队帮 助客户确定他们对业绩改善的期望以及发展麦肯锡在客户达到期望过程中的地位。 ¶ 麦肯锡在项目中的角色是理解客户期望我们能创造的变革的关键；同时也设定 了客户对项目反馈的基本参数。 ¶ 麦肯锡咨询项目的典型流程描述的是项目过程中咨询团队如何活动，以及您的 角色。 ¶ 在团队中工作是麦肯锡的基本原则，团队是麦肯锡组织结构的基石；在麦肯锡 ，您遇到的团队工作的情形也许会和您以往的经验有所不同。 ¶ 明确自己的角色和我们对您的期望帮助您在工作的开始阶段就能努力做好您所 需要做的。 我们讨论项目的这些方面是出于两个目的：告诉你项目中经常会发生的事 情和各种情况下你的角色和责任
麦肯锡经典著作---用图表说话(PDF 22页)
1月 2 月 3月 4 月 5月 6月 7月 8月
30
东部 $1.2 1月 12月
中部 5.7 A
数据 信息 比较 图表类型
成分
排序 频率分布
100 明了并且
少而精 前后连贯
----------------------- 页面 10-----------------------
五种基本比较类型
比较类型 举例
成分 各个部分占整体百分比的大小 5月份，甲产品占销售总量的最
2.0
1.8 1994
1.6
1.4
1.2 实际情况
传达一个明
确的信息
2000年销售额
百万美元
清晰易读
图表的作用
*迅速传达信息
*直接专注重点
*更明确地显示其相互关系
*使信息的表达鲜明生动
----------------------- 页面 7-----------------------
制作以数据为基础的图表分三个步骤
数据 确定要表达的信息 确定比较类型 选择图表类型
34
售额
1993年 4,244
信息
1994年 4,368 销售额在1993年至
----------------------- 页面 4-----------------------
预测流程需要改进
10亿美元 1991年预测法
3.0
2.8
----------------------- 页面 1-----------------------
图表在商业沟通中扮演重要的角色
文字沟通 语言沟通
《麦肯锡方法》要点分享(66P PPT)
2.如何处理每一个问题
F. 有时候你必须让解决方案来找你
麦肯锡解决问题的规则也有例外。不可能每一次你都能够建立最 初的假设。有一些时候，客户会不知道问题究竟是什么，他们只知 道存在问题。有一些时候，你的项目的范围太大或者是太模糊，从 最初的假设入手就毫无意义。还有一些时候，你会开拓一个新的领 域，而你的经历中没有什么内容会有助于解决方案。千万不要惶恐！ 只要你把事实收集起来进行自己的分析，解决方案就会自己找上门 来。
2.如何处理每一个问题
G. 有些问题正好是你不能解决的
当遭遇到似乎难以解决的问题时，你有几种措施可供选择： 重新定义问题 你可以告诉你的客户，问题不是X，而是Y。在你 清楚地知道解决Y时会增加很多价值，而与X纠缠却要消耗许多时间 与资源而又不会有什么结果的时候，这一招特别管用。
2.如何处理每一个问题
3. 80/20和其他一些重要规则
H. 要关注大画面
要时不时地从正在做的事情中抬起头来想一想。问自己一些最基 本的问题：你正在做的事情对解决问题究竟如何？它是如何推进你 的思路的？这是不是你现在正在进行的最重要的事情？如果它没有 多大的帮助，你为什么还要做呢？ 要关注“大画面”，看看你正在干的事情与大画面吻合得如何？ 要找出你的优先顺序。干了一个礼拜，让人最沮丧的不是自己还没 有达到目标，而是发现自己所干的一点意义都没有。
2.如何处理每一个问题
E. 确保你的解决办法适合你的客户
最绝妙的解决办法，即便是有堆积如山的资料支持，而且保证可 以赢得难以计数的额外利润，只要你的客户或企业无法实施，那也 是徒劳无益的。要了解这个组织的优势、弱势和能力——什么是管 理层可以做到的，什么是管理层做不到的。在你的头脑里要根据这 些因素剪裁你的解决办法。
经典的麦肯锡解决问题七步法
经典的麦肯锡解决问题七步法善于解决问题的能力通常是缜密而系统化思维的产物，任何一个有才之士都能获得这种能力。
有序的思维工作方式并不会扼杀灵感及创造力，反而会助长灵感及创造力的产生。
步骤一：清晰地陈述要解决的问题清晰地陈述问题的特点：一个主导性的问题或坚定的假设具体，不笼统有内容的(而非事实的罗列或一种无可争议的主张)可行动的以决策者下一步所需的行动为重点首要之务是对问题的准确了解步骤二：分析问题切勿低估团队合作对解决问题的价值步骤三：去掉所有非关键问题！步骤四：制定详细的工作计划工作计划的最佳做法：提早：不要等待数据搜集完毕才开始工作经常：随著反复仔细分析数据而修改、补充或改善工作计划具体：具体分析，寻找具体来源综合：同项目小组成员一起检测，尝试其他假设里程碑：有序地工作，使用80/20方法按时交付步骤五：进行关键分析需遵循的原则：以假设和最终产品为导向，不要只拘泥于数字-要提问“我要回答什么问题？”经常反复地进行假设和数据分析，不要绕圈子尽可能地简化分析，不轻言使用大的线性计划之类的工具仔细分析之前估算其重要性，开阔视野，不要「见树不见林」使用80/20及简便的思维方法，别钻牛角尖从专家那里得到数据，经常给出比“图书馆数据”更清晰的指导方向对新数据采取灵活态度同项目小组共享良计对困难有所准备，勇于创新尽可能选择简便的问题解决方式……并避免复杂，间接或推论的方法对准「够精确」的目标即可，不需完美寻找明显事物一定要充分利用其他人的经验……并设法找专家来导引你的分析工作进行检查以保证结论同事实相符……随着迹象的增多，准备重新修改你的假设放眼未来，迎接分析方面将遇到的困难…同项目小组共享良计永远寻找开创性的方法…仔细将你的工作纪录成文件步骤六：综合分析调查结果，并建立论步骤七：说故事(陈述来龙去脉)准备故事图解：画出你所持论点的完整结构，以每张图表上方的讯息文字串连成一个合乎逻辑又具说服力的故事。
1.发现问题，并将问题分类2.将问题转化成具体的课题3.找出解决课题的替代方案4.运用适合的标准，评估每项替代方案5.选出最佳的解决方案，并采取行动Part1 从发现问题到想出解决策略第一章如何掌握问题问题的本质就是“有了落差”（期望的状况与现状之间的落差）问题分成三种类型（恢复原状型、防范潜在型、追求理想型）哪个问题先解决？决定优先级:根据紧急性和重要性第2章如何解决恢复原状型问题恢复原状型问题有两大课题恢复原状型的课题：分析原因、采取应对策略分析原因：基于事实，掌握状况——以事实为基础的分析力分析力的基础在于逻辑思考。
麦肯锡内部培训手册战略
回避风险 总体风险回避 特殊风险回避 令人满意 足够好就行 最大可能危害最小化 非直接利益的目标 象征性的目标： 市场份额 消费者满意度 销售量 组织利益： 维持/创造就业 维持企业 国家福利 使命性目标 在最低的成本下创造最高质量质量协会 为妇女获得发展 领导和权威创造机会妇女协会
第一部分 第1章: 战略目标 价值模型 适应公司远景及战略 第2章: 定义经营单元战略 战略规则/业务构想 在哪里竞争 怎样竞争 价值假设 可持续竞争优势 何时竞争 一系列相互协调的举措 价值传递系统 第3章: 发展战略思考流程 第1步：设定目标 第2步：定义经营单元 第3步：进行环境分析 结构行为绩效分析 波特模型 行业参与者模型 客户 消费者/需求分析 竞争者/供给分析
*
TCQ011129BJGB
一系列紧密联系的举措
客户必须将业务概念转化为一系列有形的举措;使得：1 顾客 竞争者 供应商 分销商改变其行为;而为客户创造财富;或 2 改变客户的成本结构和/或资产使用以在任何给定的产出水平上提高利润
*
TCQ011129BJGB
如何竞争：通过价值方案影响顾客
一个价值的保证利益减价格使得顾客选择某种产品而不是竞争者的： 利益清楚 独特 显而易见 价格明确 有明确的目标消费者 清楚这样的价值方案对于目标细分市场为什么是优秀的 显然有充足的需求 显然有足够的回报 在竞争者的价值方案影响下仍然可行 革新方案在当前经营环境中是可行的 是客户几个可能的价值方案中最好的 清晰 简单
*
TCQ011129BJGB
价值方案清晰 简单描述了客户为目标消费群体提供的利益及为利益索取的价格 价值方案可被认为是清晰 简单描述了为什么顾客选择客户而不是竞争者的产品或服务的原理 做任何选择时;顾客使用相互作用的两个标准：利益和价格 利益是那些顾客认为是重要的东西 同样;价格是那些顾客认为是为产品而付出的所有东西 如果顾客发现某个产品或服务的总利益超出价格;这就代表了一个正的价值经济学表述为消费者剩余 即价值等于利益减价格 顾客选择客户的产品或服务;是因为他们认为其价值大于竞争者可提供的 经营单元提供给消费者一定的价值;即利益和价格的组合;这就是价值方案
麦肯锡-综合技能培训材料
•了解被访者认为的工作重点•表明被访谈者的观点/判断标准•给被访谈者更多的成就感•给被访谈者组织答案的自由•提供更广泛、更深入的答案•可能引出意料之外(而宝贵)的信息•鼓励被访者畅所欲言•有助于了解被访谈者对议题深度的认知•耗费时间和精力•难以控制访谈节奏•难以记录或整理答案•更难核查结果•被访谈者很难把握回答的深度•节省时间和精力•最大程度地控制访谈节奏•在你知道自己想要什么具体信息时的最佳提问方式•更容易整理和归类•帮助缺乏经验的访谈者•有助于重新组织访谈结构•鼓励内向/不爱直接了当说话的被访谈者阐明自己的观点•用更少的时间完成更多的工作•在不需要解释时的最佳提问方式•所获得的信息有限•被访谈者无法对自己的回答做进一步解释或说明•较难辨别出虚假信息澄清概念保证理解正确探询加深理解质疑获得证据/证明，鼓励提出新观点假设尤其是不受欢迎的观点主题上假设您的竞争对手对各种方案优先排序/在不同选项之间取舍A 事实收集信息拓宽思路鼓励创造性思维质量与数量之间建立良好关系，增进信任发生那些变化时引导沉默的人发言领域；您对老李的建议会怎么回答？重新让讨论重点回到正轨上这一点与主要议题是什么关系？总结议题，核实结论的正确性这些是您所认为的主要障碍吗？避免落入典型的访谈陷阱双重问题“您为什么使用甲产品，对该生产商有何了解？”关联性问题“您怎样才能使客户感到满意，从而买得更多？”导向性问题“您喜欢这个品牌吧？”尖锐问题“难道您不认为您应该停止. . .?”重申访谈目标决定由谁进行访谈确定成员的角色谁做开场白，谁收场？谁要负责记录？如何给小组成员分配不同的访谈题目组建访谈小组让整个小组成员都明确访谈目的计划如何掌握时间，包括各议题的时间分配–是深度重要还是广度重要–是否有时间限制区别“必须了解的信息”和“最好了解的儿信息”确定访谈要达到的最终目标整理思路自我介绍感谢被访者能抽空接见你，通报访谈的目的及时限营造良好氛围及增加好感–自我介绍–事先告诉被访者，我们将在采访时做记录，并说明记录的用途–如需要，向被访人重申我们将严格为访谈内容保密–态度友好营造良好的访谈氛围鼓励被访谈者先花时间消除不确定因素打消被访者的顾虑：这将保证被访谈者能顺利回答所有问题畅所欲言：在进入正题之前，有时被访谈者要先发泄一下抑制已久的情绪表示投合默契：大多数人都喜欢诚恳热诚的态度认可/表扬：予以肯定能鼓励双方交谈质疑并刺激–只有在建立了较好关系时才适用外部奖励或威胁–只作为最后采取的方法悉心探究尽可能少说，鼓励对方提供更多信息通过点头或中性词表达自己的态度(“对”、“嗯”、“好”、“我知道了”)明确：要求陈述真实案例或具体事实逐字重复，检验理解是否正确阶段性总结理解被访者合理的顾虑保证对一个问题充分讨论完之后再转向下一个问题有效地聆听聆听并记住–用关键词总结听到的信息–广泛地联想细心聆听，从长篇大论中搜集到有价值的信息注意被访谈者的潜台词找出没有用语言表达出的线索不断地总结、归纳并及时地与被访谈者核实总结要点提问最后一个开放式问题“有没有什么没有谈到的问题您想补充的？”就下一步工作达成共识为今后进一步提问留有余地谢谢被访谈者，表示说讨论很有意义在48个小时之内送出致谢信结束访谈确定访谈目标确认访谈是否是获取信息的最佳途径–访谈耗时较长建立访谈背景资料考虑细节问题–时间、地点，如可能，亲自安排访谈尽可能了解与访谈有关的基本情况(例如：竞争对手、行业术语等)如果你要索取某些文件，应事先通知被访谈者以“问题树”为基础设计访谈提纲在整个过程中，不断修改访谈提纲和议题在对被访谈者没有风险的环境中进行访谈注意力集中，表示出对访谈者的尊敬，访谈时不要迟到使被访谈者有交谈的意愿，不要咄咄逼人处处为被访谈者考虑保持适当的眼神接触灵活应对，不应完全局限于访谈提纲，在适当时候也可以完全抛弃访谈提纲完成后续工作；履行诺言不要一口气做太多的访谈，试着在两次访谈中间做些分析工作及时记录谈话要点(例如，通过给自己电话留言)遵循80/20原则–在20小时内写完访谈纪要–与其在一个星期内完成一个完美的访谈纪要，不如立即做一个有80%准确性的访谈纪要在访谈纪要中应提及被访谈者对问题的反应和态度，而不仅仅局限于她的回答引用被访谈者原话，以此强调重要观点对被访谈对象的观点/评论，持必要的怀疑态度成分排序频率分布时间序列关联性。
麦肯锡英文版
The power of pricingTransaction pricing is the key to surviving the current downturn—and to flourishing when conditions improve. February 2003 • Michael V. Marn, Eric V. Roegner, and Craig C. ZawadaAt few moments since the end of World War II has downward pressure on prices been so great. Some of it stems from cyclical factors—such as sluggish economic growth in the Western economies and Japan—that have reined in consumer spending. There are newer sources as well: the vastly increased purchasing power of retailers, such as Wal-Mart, which can therefore pressure suppliers; the Internet, which adds to the transparency of markets by making it easier to compare prices; and the role of China and other burgeoning industrial powers whose low labor costs have driven down prices for manufactured goods. The one-two punch of cyclical and newer factors has eroded corporate pricing power and forced frustrated managers to look in every direction for ways to hold the line.In such an environment, managers might think it mad to talk about raising prices. Yet nothing could be further from the truth. We are not talking about raising prices across the board; quite often, the most effective path is to get prices right for one customer, one transaction at a time, and to capture more of the price that you already, in theory, charge. In this sense, there is room for price increases or at least price stability even in today's difficult markets.Such an approach to pricing—transaction pricing, one of the three levels of price management (see sidebar "Pricing at three levels")—was first described ten years ago.1 The idea was to figure out the real price you charged customers after accounting for a host of discounts, allowances, rebates, and other deductions. Only then could you determine how much money, if any, you were making and whether you were charging the right price for each customer and transaction.A simple but powerful tool—the pocket price waterfall, which shows how much revenue companies really keep from each of their transactions—helps them diagnose and capture opportunities in transaction pricing. In this article, we revisit that toolto see how it has held up through dramatic changes in the way businesses work and in the broader economy. Our experience serving hundreds of companies on pricing issues shows that the pocket price waterfall still effectively helps identify transaction-pricing opportunities. Nevertheless, in view of evolving business practice, we have greatly expanded the tool's application. The increase in the number of companies selling customized products and solutions or bundling service packages with each sale, for instance, means that assessing the profitability of transactions has become much more complex. The pocket price waterfall has evolved over time to take account of this transition.Today, it is more critical than ever for managers to focus on transaction pricing; they can no longer rely on the double-digit annual sales growth and rich margins of the 1990s to overshadow pricing shortfalls. Moreover, at many companies, littlecost-cutting juice can easily be extracted from operations. Pricing is therefore one of the few untapped levers to boost earnings, and companies that start now will be in a good position to profit fully from the next upturn.Advancing one percentage point at a timePricing right is the fastest and most effective way for managers to increase profits. Consider the average income statement of an S&P 1500 company: a price rise of 1 percent, if volumes remained stable, would generate an 8 percent increase in operating profits (Exhibit 1)—an impact nearly 50 percent greater than that of a 1 percent fall in variable costs such as materials and direct labor and more than three times greater than the impact of a 1 percent increase in volume.Unfortunately, the sword of pricing cuts both ways. A decrease of 1 percent in average prices has the opposite effect, bringing down operating profits by that same 8 percent if other factors remain steady. Managers may hope that higher volumes will compensate for revenues lost from lower prices and thereby raise profits, but this rarely happens; to continue our examination of typical S&P 1500 economics, volumes would have to rise by 18.7 percent just to offset the profit impact of a 5 percent price cut. Such demand sensitivity to price cuts is extremely rare. A strategy based on cutting prices to increase volumes and, as a result, to raise profits is generally doomed to failure in almost every market and industry.Following the pocket price waterfallMany companies can find an additional 1 percent or more in prices by carefully looking at what part of the list price of a product or service is actually pocketed from each transaction. Right pricing is a more subtle game than setting list prices or even tracking invoice prices. Significant amounts of money can leak away from list or base prices as customers receive discounts, incentives, promotions, and other giveaways to seal contracts and maintain volumes (see sidebar "A hole in your pocket").The experience of a global lighting supplier shows how the pocket price—what remains after all discounts and other incentives have been tallied—is usually much lower than the list or invoice price. This company made incandescent lightbulbs and fluorescent lights sold to distributors that then resold them for use in offices, factories, stores, and other commercial buildings. Every lightbulb had a standard list price, but a series of discounts that were itemized on each invoice pushed average invoice prices 32.8 percent lower than the standard list prices. These on-invoice deductions included the standard discounts given to most distributors as well as special discounts for selected ones, discounts for large-volume customers, and discounts offered during promotions.Managers who oversee pricing often focus on invoice prices, which are readily available, but the real pricing story goes much further. Revenue leaks beyond invoice prices aren't detailed on invoices. The many off-invoice leakages at the lighting company included cash discounts for prompt payment, the cost of carrying accounts receivable, cooperative advertising allowances, rebates based on a distributor's total annual volume, off-invoice promotional programs, and freight expenses. In the end, the company's average pocket price—including 16.3 percentage points in revenue reductions that didn't appear on invoices—was about half of the standard list price (Exhibit 2a). Over the past decade, companies have tried to entice buyerswith a growing number of discounts, including discounts for on-line orders as well as the increasingly popular performance penalties that require companies to provide a discount if they fail to meet specific performance commitments such as on-time delivery and order fill rates.By consciously and assiduously managing all elements of the pocket price waterfall, companies can often find and capture an additional 1 percent or more in their realized prices. Indeed, an adjustment of any discount or element along the waterfall—either on- or off-invoice—is capable of improving prices on a transaction-by-transaction basis.Embracing a wide bandThe pocket price waterfall is often first created as an average of all transactions. But the amount and type of the discounts offered may differ from customer to customer and even order to order, so pocket prices can vary a good deal. We call the distribution of sales volumes over this range of variation the pocket price band.At the lighting company, some bulbs were sold at a pocket price of less than 30 percent of the standard list price, others at 90 percent or more—three times higher than those of the lowest-priced transactions (Exhibit 2b). This range may seem spectacular, but it is not very unusual. In our work, we have seen pocket price bands in which the highest pocket price was five or six times greater than the lowest.A wide band shows that certain customers generate much higher pocket prices than do othersIt would be a mistake, though, to assume that wide pocket price bands are necessarily bad. A wide band shows that neither all customers nor all competitive situations are the same—that for a whole host of reasons, some customers generate much higher pocket prices than do others. When a band is wide, small changes in its shape can readily move the average price a percentage point or more higher. If a manager can increase sales slightly at the high end of the band while improving or even dropping transactions at the low end, such an increase comes within reach. But when the price band is narrow, the manager has less room to maneuver; changing its shape becomes more difficult; and any move has less impact on average prices.Although the lighting company was surprised by the width of its pocket price band, it had a quick explanation: the range resulted from a conscious effort to reward high-volume customers with deeper discounts, which in theory were justified notonly by the desire to court such customers but also by a lower cost to serve them. A closer examination showed that this explanation was actually wide of the mark (Exhibit 3): many large customers received relatively modest discounts, resulting in high pocket prices, while a lot of small buyers got much greater discounts and lower pocket prices than their size would warrant. A few smaller customers received large discounts in special circumstances—unusually competitive or depressed markets, for instance—but most just had long-standing ties to the company and knew which employees to call for extra discounts, additional time to pay, or more promotional money. These experienced customers were working the pocket price waterfall to their advantage.The lighting company attacked the problem from three directions. First, it instructed its sales force to bring into line—or drop—the smaller distributors getting unacceptably high discounts. Within 12 months, 85 percent of these accounts were being priced and serviced in a more appropriate way, and new accounts had replaced most of the remainder. Second, the company launched an intensive program to stimulate sales at larger accounts for which higher pocket prices had been realized. Finally, it controlled transaction prices by initiating stricter rules on discounting and by installing IT systems that could track pocket prices more effectively. In the first year thereafter, the average pocket price rose by 3.6 percent and operating profits by 51 percent.In addition to these immediate fixes, the lighting company took longer-term measures to change the relationship between pocket prices and the characteristics of its accounts. New and explicit pocket price targets were based on the size, type, and segment of each account, and whenever a customer's prices were renegotiated or a new customer was signed, that target guided the negotiations.Pocket margins become more relevantFor companies that not only sell standard products and services but also experience little variation in the cost of selling and delivering them to different customers, pocket prices are an adequate measure of price performance. Today, however, as companies seek to differentiate themselves amid growing competition, many are offering customized products, bundling product and service packages with each sale, offering unique solutions packages, or providing unique forms of logistical andtechnical support. Pocket prices don't capture these different product costs or the cost to serve specific customers. For such companies, another level of analysis—the pocket margin—is needed to reflect the varying costs associated with each order. The pocket margin for a transaction is calculated by subtracting from the pocket price any direct product costs and costs incurred specifically to serve an individual account.One North American company, which manufactures tempered glass for heavy trucks and for farm and construction machinery, sharply increased its profits by understanding and actively managing its pocket margins. Each piece of the company's glass was custom-designed for a specific customer, so costs varied transaction by transaction. Other costs differed from customer to customer as well. The company's glass, for example, was frequently shipped in special containers that were designed to be compatible with the customers' assembly machines. The costs of retooling and other customer-specific services varied widely from case to case but averaged no less than 17 percent of the target base price (Exhibit 4a).A fuller picture emerges when a company examines each account and creates a pocket margin bandAs with pocket prices, a fuller picture emerges when a company examines each account and creates a pocket margin band. The glass company's pocket margins ranged from more than 60 percent of base prices to a loss of more than 15 percent of base prices (Exhibit 4b). When fixed costs were allocated, the company found that it required a pocket margin of at least 12 percent just to break even at the current operating level. More than a quarter of the company's sales fell below this threshold.Traditionally, the pricing policies of the glass company had focused on invoice prices and standard product costs; it paid little attention to off-invoice discounts or extra costs to serve specific customers. The pocket margin band helped it identify which individual customers were more profitable and which should be approached more aggressively even at the risk of losing their business. The company also uncovered narrowly defined customer segments (for example, medium-volume buyers of flat or single-bend door glass) that were concentrated at the high end of the margin band. In addition, it evaluated its policies for some of the more standard waterfall elements to ensure that it had clear objectives, accountability, and controls for each of them—for instance, it decided to base volume bonuses on stretch performance targets and to charge for last-minute technical support. By focusing on and increasing sales in profitable subsegments, pruning less attractive accounts, and making selective policy changes across the waterfall elements, the company pushed up its average pocket margin by 4 percent and its operating profits by 60 percent within a year.Taming transactionsThe game of transaction pricing is won or lost in hundreds, sometimes thousands, of individual decisions each day. Standard and discretionary discounts allow percentage points of revenue to drop from the table one transaction at a time. Companies are often poorly equipped to track these losses, especially for off-invoice items; after all, the volumes and complexity of transactions can be overwhelming, and many items, such as cooperative advertising or freight allowances, are accounted for after the fact or on a company-wide basis. Even if managers wanted to track transaction pricing, it has often been impossible to get the data for specific customers or transactions. But some recent technical advances have helped remove this obstacle; enterprise-management-information systems and off-the-shelf custom-pricing software have made it easier to keep tabs on transaction pricing. Managers can no longer hide behind the excuse that gathering the data is too difficult.Current price pressures should go a long way toward removing two other obstacles: will and skill. In the booming economy of the 1990s, robust demand and cost-cutting programs, which drove up corporate earnings, made too many managers pay too little attention to pricing. But now that a global economic downturn has slowed growth and the easiest cost cutting has already occurred, the shortfall in pricing capabilities has been exposed. A large number of companies still don't understand the untapped opportunity that superior transaction pricing represents. For many companies, getting it right may be one of the keys to surviving the current downturn and to flourishing when the upturn arrives. It has never been more crucial—ormore possible—to learn and apply the skills needed to execute superior transaction-price management.Pricing at three levelsTransaction pricing is one of three levels of price management. Although distinct, each level is related to the others, and action at any one level could easily affect the others as well. Businesses trying to obtain a price advantage—that is, to make superior pricing a source of distinctive performance—must master all three of these levels.Industry price level. The broadest view of pricing comes at the industry price level, where managers must understand how supply, demand, costs, regulations, and other high-level factors interact and affect overall prices. Companies that excel at this level avoid unnecessary downward pressure on prices and often emerge as industry price leaders.Product/market strategy level. The primary issue at this second level is pricing a product or service relative to the competition. To do so, companies must understand how customers perceive all offerings on the market and, most particularly, which attributes—product as well as service and intangible attributes—drive purchase decisions. With this knowledge, companies can set visible list prices that accurately reflect the competitive strengths (or weaknesses) of their offerings.Transaction level. The focus of transaction pricing is to decide the exact price for each transaction—starting with the list price and determining which discounts, allowances, payment terms, bonuses, and other incentives should be applied. For a majority of companies, the management of transaction pricing is the most detailed, time-consuming, systems-intensive, andenergy-intensive task involved in gaining a price advantage.A hole in your pocketMany on- and off-invoice items can easily lead to price and margin leaks. Here we provide a nonexhaustive list:Annual volume bonus: an end-of-year bonus paid to customers if preset purchase volume targets are met.Cash discount: a deduction from the invoice price if payment for an order is made quickly, often within 15 days. Consignment cost: the cost of funds when a supplier provides consigned inventory to a wholesaler or retailer.Cooperative advertising: an allowance paid to support local advertising of the manufacturer’s brand by a retailer or wholesaler.End-customer discount: a rebate paid to a retailer for selling a product to a specific customer—often a large or national one—at a discount.Freight: the cost to the company of transporting goods to the customer.Market-development funds: a discount to promote sales growth in specific segments of a market.Off-invoice promotions: a marketing incentive that would, for example, pay retailers a rebate on sales during a specific promotional period.On-line order discount: a discount offered to customers ordering over the Internet or an intranet.Performance penalties: a discount that sellers agree to give buyers if performance targets, such as quality levels or delivery times, are missed.Receivables carrying cost: the cost of funds from the moment an invoice is sent until payment is received.Slotting allowance: an allowance paid to retailers to secure a set amount of shelf space.Stocking allowance: a discount paid to wholesalers or retailers to make large purchases into inventory, often before a seasonal increase in demand.The challenges ahead for supply chains: McKinsey Global Survey resultsSenior executives say their companies manage key trade-offs well, yet see barriers to better performance: rising risk, lack of collaboration, and low CEO involvement.As economies around the world step back from the financial brink and begin adjusting to a new normal, companies face a different set of supply chain challenges than they did at the height of the downturn—among them are rising pressure from global competition, consumer expectations, and increasingly complex patterns of customer demand. Executives in this McKinsey survey1are divided on their companies’ preparedness to meet those challenges, and fully two-thirds expect supply chain risk to increase. What’s more, the survey highlights troubling signs of struggle associated with key, underlying supply chain processes and capabilities, including the ability of different functions to collaborate, the role of CEOs in supply chain planning, and the extent to which companies gather and use information.Emerging from the downturnAs companies have managed their supply chains over the past three years, the challenges they faced and the goals they set have reflected a single-minded focus on weathering the financial crisis. The most frequently cited challenge of the past three years is the increasing volatility of customer demand (Exhibit 1). This is no doubt a result of the sharp drop in consumer spending that has reverberated throughout all sectors across the globe. Looking at challenges over the next five years, though, the focus shifts: respondents most frequently cite increasing pressure from global competition. Some issues that receive a lot of public attention, such as climate change and natural-resource use, have remained a low priority since our 2008 survey.2 Still, the share that identify environmental concerns as a top challenge in the next five years nearly doubled, to 21 percent, over the proportion saying it was a top challenge during the past three years. This suggests that companies anticipate returning to a new normal,3 wherein they can focus on issues other than cost at least some of the time.With regard to goals for supply chain management, the results show a similar shift between past and future, perhaps another indicator that companies are focusing on pursuing growth in addition to cost containment (Exhibit 2). Of course, executives are not ignoring supply chain costs altogether; after weathering a downturn, they know their companies can manage and control future expenses, now that this issue has been on their radar consistently. Indeed, reducing operating costs remains the most frequently chosen goal over the next five years—as it was over the past three—followed by customer service. In a 2008 survey, 43 percent of respondents said improving service was one of their companies’ top two goals for supply chain management, and though it fell as a priority during the crisis, it is now number two for the next five years.Executives also indicate that many of their companies have met past goals, with supply chain performance improving in both efficiency and effectiveness as they come out of the downturn. For example, nearly half say th eir companies’ service levels are higher now than they were three years ago, 39 percent say costs as a percentage of sales are lower, and 45 percent have cut inventories.What hasn’t changed much, though, is the amount of supply chain risk that executives foresee (Exhibit 3). More thantwo-thirds say risk increased in the past three years, and nearly the same share see risk continuing to rise. Respondents in developed Asian countries report more concern than those in any other region: 82 percent say their c ompanies’ supply chain risk will increase in the next five years.4Managing challenges and trade-offsThough the strategic goals executives are setting suggest a hope that more predictable business conditions will prevail over the next five years, respondents are divided over how well their companies can manage the challenges (Exhibit 4). This finding holds true for large and small companies alike and among executives in different functions.The good news is that on the three challenges cited most frequently (global competition, rising consumer expectations, and complex patterns of customer demand), the highest shares of executives say their companies are prepared to meet those challenges. The bad news is that the shares saying their companies are well prepared are still below half.Most executives recognize the importance of managing the functional trade-offs related to these challenges and think that their companies are effective at doing so. Among trade-offs, the highest share of respondents—85 percent—say balancing cost to serve and customer service is important to their companies’ supply chain strategy. The lowest share (59 percent) say balancing centralized production against proximity to customers is important. Respondents also report that the managers who make decisions about supply chain trade-offs are well informed.Yet the cross-functional discussions that companies need if they are to make informed decisions are not happening often. For each of the six trade-offs the survey explored, regular cross-functional meetings are cited as the most common process for making decisions, but between 31 and 40 percent of respondents say their operations teams never or rarely meet with salesand marketing to discuss supply chain tensions. Furthermore, respondents across functions say sales/marketing has the most difficulty collaborating with other functions, with 23 percent citing a problem between that group and manufacturing, and 21 percent between it and planning. Additionally, one-third of respondents say the biggest barrier to collaborating when managing trade-offs is that functional areas don’t understand their impact on others.This disconnection is likely exacerbated by the relatively low levels of CEO involvement reported: the vast majority of CEOs do not actively develop supply chain strategy or work hands-on to execute it (Exhibit 5). Respondents do, however, expect more CEO involvement over the next five years—a hopeful sign for companies aspiring to mend key cross-functional disconnections.Knowledge is powerThe results show a similar disconnection between data and decision making: companies seem to collect and use much less detailed information than our experience suggests is prudent in making astute supply chain decisions (Exhibit 6). For example, customer service is becoming a higher priority, and executives say their companies balance service and cost to serve effectively, yet companies are most likely to take a one-size-fits-all approach when defining and managing service-level targets. Half of the executives say their companies have limited or no quantitative information about incremental costs for raw materials, manufacturing capacity, and personnel, and 41 percent do not track per-customer supply chain costs at any useful level of detail.Many of the future supply chain challenges will require companies to keep better information on individual costs and customers. Yet only about a quarter of respondents expect their companies will invest in IT systems over the next five years, and only 10 percent of respondents say their companies currently use social media to identify customers’ service needs.Looking ahead∙In our experience, senior-executive involvement, including hands-on attention from the CEO, is pivotal in managing the cross-functional trade-offs that underpin many supply chain decisions. Yet the role of CEOs at many companies we surveyed is limited or nonexistent. Companies that can bridge the functional divides that thwart collaboration will have an edge in creating competitive supply chains capable of fulfilling business strategy requirements.∙Addressing the challenges companies have identified—improving service and responding to new expectations and patterns of customer demand—requires more and better information, regardless of the geographical scope or the length of supply chains.As the marketplace becomes increasingly fragmented, keeping better track of customer information and costs, which can inform and support interpersonal, cross-functional discussions, will help companies prepare for the supply chainuncertainties that lie ahead.∙Despite the importance of volatile commodity prices as a supply chain challenge, just 28 percent of respondents say their companies are prepared to manage that volatility. One way to cope with this uncertainty: view supply chain assets as a hedge.By considering investment in production resources that aren’t necessarily lowest-cost today (but soon could be), companies can position themselves for greater flexibility in the future.∙Executives expect environmental concerns to be a more significant issue for supply chains in the years ahead, yet relatively few consider it a priority today. Given that up to 60 percent of a company’s carbon footprint can reside upstr eam in its supply chain,5 companies would be wise to pursue economically attractive opportunities that address environmental impact in the near term and prepare to respond quickly to any sudden shifts in environmental expectations and requirements.A new idea in banking for the poorBy teaming up with retail outlets in low-income, often hard-to-reach areas, financial institutions can create value both for themselves and their new customers.November 2010 • Alberto Chaia, Robert Schiff, and Esteban Silva。
麦肯锡全球研究院_亚洲-未来已至
未来已至2019年8月麦肯锡全球研究院麦肯锡全球研究院（MGI）创立于1990年，始终致力于深刻理解全球经济的演变。
作为麦肯锡公司的商业和经济研究智库，麦肯锡全球研究院旨在为各界领袖提供商业、公共、社会等领域的真知灼见，帮助他们制定管理决策和政策决策。
我们的研究融合了经济学和管理学，并整合商业领袖的智慧洞见，形成独特的经济学分析工具。
我们运用“从微观到宏观”的方法论，通过剖析微观经济的产业走势，更好地把握影响商业决策和公共政策的宏观力量。
麦肯锡全球研究院的深度报告覆盖了20余个国家和30余个行业，目前的研究主要聚焦以下六大主题：生产力和增长，自然资源，劳动力市场，全球金融市场演变，科技创新对经济的影响，城市化。
近期的研究报告评估了数字经济、人工智能和自动化对就业的影响，收入差距，生产力难题，消除两性不平等所带来的经济利益，全球竞争新时代，中国创新以及数字技术和金融全球化等问题。
麦肯锡全球研究院由以下三位全球资深董事合伙人领导：Jacques Bughin、华强森（Jonathan Woetzel）和James Manyika（兼任麦肯锡全球研究院院长）。
研究院全球董事合伙人包括Michael Chui、Susan Lund、Anu Madgavkar、Jan Mischke、SreeRamaswamy和Jaana Reme。
资深研究员包括Mekala Krishnan和成政珉（JeongminSeong）。
我们的项目团队由研究院全球董事合伙人以及资深研究员领导，囊括了麦肯锡在全球各地分公司的咨询顾问。
各个团队依托于麦肯锡公司遍布全球的合伙人网络和行业及管理专家。
麦肯锡全球研究院委员会成员来自世界各地，拥有多样化的行业背景，由以下成员组成：Andrés Cadena、Sandrine Devillard、Tarek Elmasry、Katy George、RajatGupta、Eric Hazan、Eric Labaye、Acha Leke、Scott Nyquist、Gary Pinkus、SvenSmit、Oliver Tonby和Eckart Windhagen。
麦肯锡：战略细分
Product attribute importance shifting more often (shorter product lifecycle)
New, global markets (geographically specific segments)
More channel alternatives for customers (reflected in segment preference and differing behaviors)
30 min
Remaining time at the end for questions
2
AGENDA
• Introductions • What you already know about customer segmentation
10 min
• Challenges companies face today in understanding their customers 10 min • Developing an actionable segmentation
Difficulty identifying segments, given increasing sophistication
Increasing sophistication of segmentation tools
Increasing uses for segmentation within the organization (strategic vs. tactical)
30 min
Remaining time at the end for questions
6
OVERVIEW OF CUSTOMER SEGMENTATION
麦肯锡--高绩效运营管理培训之--运营转型五步法--很好
10
建立团队规范
举例
具体工作 工作场所
▪ 办公室布臵：具体地点分配 ▪ 团队日历：每天8点到6:00 ▪ 目视板：团队目视板和各小组目视板 ▪ 总结会 (如有必要，下班前30-45分钟，介绍当天工作成果和发现， ▪
团队级别共同解决问题） 周汇报会（各小组将本周工作、主要发现、主要挑战、需要协调 的问题在公司高层参加的会议上展示）
ALUMINUM CORPORATION OF CHINA |
13
五步法有明确的时间节点
2月 21 28 第1周 3月 7 2
4周
举例 4月 4 11 7 18 8 25 9
9周
14 3
21 4
28 5
2周
5月 2 10
9 11
16 12
23 13
▪
▪ ▪
全员参与，特别是一线员工积极参与
目光长远，搭建多种管理平台和长效 机制的以推动持续改进和成果固化 提炼标准化的运营管理体系，易于复 制推广
ALUMINUM CORPORATION OF CHINA |
3
高级管理层需要在运营转型项目中起到积极和明显的作用
不仅仅是 . . .
概念的讨论 . . . 而且还要
完全不 非常不 部分不 中立 部分 非常 赞 同 赞 同 赞 同 赞同 赞同 完全 赞同
偏重行动，75% 的时间花在变革的实施上
一个标准的、具有固定周期（一般为4个月）并可以复制的流程 一线员工和管理层将共同制定和体验新的工作方式，并由衷为其所带来的好处所信服
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
麦肯锡相关资料
麦肯锡（McKinsey）成立于1926年，总部位于美国纽约。
作为全
球最大的管理咨询公司之一，麦肯锡以其专业的团队和卓越的咨询服
务闻名于世。
本文将为大家介绍麦肯锡的公司背景、业务领域以及其
在全球范围内的影响力。
一、麦肯锡的公司背景
麦肯锡是一家跨国咨询公司，旨在为各企业和政府提供最佳的商业
解决方案。
公司由詹姆斯·奥斯汀·麦肯锡（James O. McKinsey）于上世纪20年代创建，并逐渐发展成为世界顶级管理咨询公司之一。
麦肯锡
注重道德和职业操守，秉承着客户至上的原则，致力于为客户创造价值。
二、麦肯锡的业务领域
麦肯锡的业务领域广泛涉及各行业，包括金融、制造、医疗、能源、科技等。
公司以专业的咨询团队为基础，在以下几个核心领域提供服务：
1. 战略咨询：麦肯锡致力于帮助企业制定长期战略规划，提供市场
分析、竞争战略和业务优化方案，以促进企业的可持续发展。
2. 运营咨询：麦肯锡的专业团队通过提供供应链管理、业务流程优
化和成本效益分析等服务，帮助企业提高运营效率和降低成本。
3. 组织咨询：麦肯锡协助企业进行组织结构设计、人力资源管理和
领导力培训等工作，以优化组织架构和提高员工绩效。
4. 数字咨询：在数字化时代，麦肯锡专注于为客户提供数字化转型
战略，包括数据分析、人工智能、区块链技术等，帮助企业在数字经
济中保持竞争优势。
5. 可持续发展咨询：麦肯锡致力于推动可持续发展，在企业社会责任、环境保护和可持续经营等方面为客户提供咨询服务，帮助企业在
可持续发展方面取得成功。
三、麦肯锡的全球影响力
作为全球最具影响力的管理咨询公司之一，麦肯锡在全球范围内拥
有广泛的影响力。
其专业的咨询团队和领导力培训项目被各国政府、
企业高层和学术界所认可和借鉴。
麦肯锡与世界各地的企业和机构紧
密合作，为各行各业提供战略指导和商业解决方案，推动了全球经济
的发展与创新。
总结：
通过本文，我们对麦肯锡的公司背景、业务领域以及全球影响力有
了更加详细的了解。
麦肯锡作为全球顶级管理咨询公司，以其专业、
可靠的咨询服务赢得了广泛的认可。
未来，随着全球经济的不断发展，麦肯锡将继续引领管理咨询行业，为各企业和政府提供更优质的商业
解决方案。