topic大学英语论文 雪莱

Topic:PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEYIntroduction to Percy Bysshe Shelley and his major worksPercy Bysshe Shelley(4 August 1792--8 July 1822).Shelley was born of noble blood,his the first son of this wealthy country squire.his ancestors had been Sussex aristocrats since early in the 17th century.Shelley as a boy felt persecuted by his practical-minded father,and this abuse may have his first sparked the flame of protest which,during his Eton years(1804-1810),earned him the name of “Mad Shelley”.At eighteen he entered Oxford University after he graduated from Eton.But he was expelled from the university for the publication of a pamphlet On the Necessity of Atheism(1811).His father forbade hin to return home.He eloped with a young girl,Harriet Westbrook.In 1813,he published his first important poem Queen Mab,an allegorical poem in which through the mouth of Queen Mab,the fairy queen,he attacks “kings,priests,and statesmen”,and human institutions such as marriage,commerce,and religion.The fairy queen finally predicts the future state of a regenerated world “when all things are recreated,and the flame of consentaneous love inspires all life”.In 1816,Shelley left England and spent the rest of his life in Italy with his wife Mary Shelley.In Italy,Shelley met Byron again,and the two poets became clos friends.After a time,they formed a circle of English expatriates in Pisa,traveling throughout Italy.During this tie,Shelley wrote most of his finest lyric poetry,including the immortal “Ode the West Wind”and “TO a Skylark”.On July8,1822,Shelley was drowned in a tempest while sailing in a boat along the coast of Italy.His work The Defence of Poetry which was written in 1821 waw published in 1840.As one of the major English Romantic poets,Shelley was critically regarded as among the finest lyric poets in the English language.He was a key member of a close circle of visionary poets and writers that included Lord Byron;Leigh Hunt ; and his second wife ,Mary Shelley .Shelley was well known for such classic poems as Ozymandias,To a skylark,Music ,The Cloud , The Masque of Anarchy and When Soft V oice Dies which are among the most popular and critically acclaimed poems in the English language.Besides,Shelley wrote a number of allegorical poems.They are Queen Mab ,Alastor(1816),The Revolt of Islam(1818) and The Mask ofAnarchy(1819).1819washis productive year in writing.He finished five works including the most influential carol Ode to the West Wind and others such as The Masque of Anarchy.Men of England,England in 1819,A Philosophical View of Reform(published in 1920) and Julian and Maddalo(a conversation).He also wrote some lyrical dramas among which are Prometheus Unbound(1820),Hellas(1822),and The Cenci(1819),a tragedy in verse form.His lyrics are best known among the English poets.In addition,Shelley was also a well-known dramatics,essayist and novelist.He was one of the representative romantic poets.2,Shelley‟s writing style and his influence on descendant writersShelley was the most famous romantic poet of United Kingdom in 19 century,he wrote numerous works which intended to praise government‟s violence,criticize the traditional,dark society and advocate for pure love.His prose and his poetry have a lively rhythms,we can see that he was a philosopher in his poem filled with passion.Shelley spent his whole life struggle with any form of oppression,and those spirit of resistance can be seen from his works.And this is one of the reason for his writing style,critical but hopeful.As for love,he wrote romantic poems to inspire people‟s pursuit of free love.His ultimate goal was to create a world that everyone has the right to get freedom and happiness.He described a new world with his rich imagination and charming words.One of his most influential saying is:If winter comes,can spring be far behind?Shelley‟s unconventional life and uncompromising idealism,combined with his strong disapproving voice made him an authoritative and much-denigrated figure during his life and afterward.He became an idol of the next three or four generations of poets,including important Victorian and pre-Raphaelite poets such as Robert Browning,Alfred,Lord Tennyson,Dante Gabriel Rossetti,Algernon Charles Swinburne,as well as Lord Byron,Henry David Thoreau,W.B. Yeats,and Edna St.Vincent Millay,and poets in other languages such as Jan Kasprowicz,Jibanananda Das and Subramanya Bharathy. He was the blazing star in the history of English literature,and he promoted the development of English literature.Appreciation for Ode to the West WindMost of Shelley‟s works had an optimistic impact on descendant writers.The great poet wrote “three carols”,they are Ode to the West Wind,To a Skylark,and Ode to Liberty.Ode to the West Wind was written in 1819.At that time,European workers‟movement and revolutionary movement were surging.An autumn afternoon,the poet Shelley strolled in the woods of the outskirts of Florence,Italy.Suddenly,rain poured down,he storm folder with hail,thunder and lightning poured down,cleaning up the earth,shaking the earth..The spectacular sigh of the nature inspired the poet‟s inspiration,he fired off letters,and then wrote the immortal poems,Ode to the West Wind.In Ode to the West Wind,Percy Bysshe Shelley tries to show his desire for transcendence by explaining that his thoughts and ideas,like the “winged seeds‟are trapped”.The writer invokes the …wild west wind‟of autumn,which scatters the dead leaves and spreads seeds so that they may be natured by the spring,and asks that the wind ,”a destroyer and preserver”,hear him.This great writer sees winter not just as last season of vegetation but as the last phase of life,he observes the changing of the weather from autumn to winter and its effects on the environment.Shelley is trying to show that a man‟s ideas can spread and live on beyond his lifetime and get rebirth in the imagination and in the natural wold by the wind in this poet.Shelley begins his poem by addressing the”Wild West Wind”,he then introduces the theme of death and compares the dead leaves to “ghost”,the imager,of “Pestilence-stricken multitudes”makes the readers aware that Shelley is addressing more than a pile of leaves.His claustrophobic mood is shown when he talks about the “wintry bed” and the “winged seeds”,where they lie cold and low /Each like a corpse within its grave,until/Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow.In the first line,Shelley used the phrase“closing night”which means the final night.The“pumice”show destroys.It seems that it is only in his death that the…Wind spirit”could be lifted as a wave,a leaf,a cloud to blow free in the “Wild West Wind”.The “pumice”is probably Shelley‟s best example of rebirth.As the rising action continues,Shelley talks about “Mediterranean”and its “summer dreams”.Again,heused soft sounding words to calm the reader into the same dream-like state of the Mediterranean.He then writes like a mourning song”Of te dying year,to which this closing night /Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre/Valued with all hey congregated might”.Percy sees his “dome” as a volcano and when the “dome” does “burst”,it will act as a “Destroyer and Preserver and creator”.Shelley asks the wind to “make me thy lyre”,to be his own spirit,and to drive his thoughts across the universe,”like withered leaves”,to quicken a new birth”--that is,to quicken the coming of spring.Here the spring season is a metaphor for “spring of human consciousness,imagination,liberty,or morality---all the things Shelley hoped his art could help to bring about in the human mind. He asks the wind ,by the incantation of this verse,to scatter his words among mankind, to be “trumpet of prophecy”. In Ode to the West Wind,Shelley uses the wind to present driving change and a carrier for his ideas.Speaking both in regard to the season and in regard to the effect upon mankind that he hopes his words to have,the writer asks:If winter comes,Can spring be far behind?FormEach of the seven parts of “Ode to the West Wind”contains five stanzas--four three--line stanzas and a two--line couplet,all metered in iambic pentameter.The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pattern known as terza rima,the thee--line rhyme employed by Dante in his Divine Comedy.In the three-line terza rima stanza,the first and third lines rhyme,and the middle line does not;then the end sound of that middle line is employed as the rhyme for the first and third lines in the next stanza.The final couplet rhymes with the middle line of the last three--line stanza.Thus each of the seven parts of “Ode to the West Wind”follows this scheme:ABA BCB CDC DED EF That‟s my view on the Ode to the West Wind.Bibliography:/wiki/Main_Page/topic/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley.aspx。