[课件]土木工程专业英语PPT

六、 长句(the long complex sentence)
This paper presents the results from a series of consolidateddrained triaxial compression tests that were performed on precut and polished cylindrical clay specimens to measure the drained residual strength. 本文展示了一系列对按规格裁剪并抛光处理的圆柱粘土试件 进行排水固结的三轴压缩试验的结果，以测量其排水残余强 度。
*主要的信息置于句首；尽量避免使用第一第二人称
三、非限定动词（the nonrestrictive verb)
A direct current is a current which flows always in the same direction. A direct current is a current flowing in the same direction. 在科技英语中，不常使用非 限制定语从句，而使用非限 定动词，即非谓语动词 在科技文献中，一般将how， wh-词引导的从句转换成how， wh-词引导的不定式短语。从 而使句子结构更加简洁，紧凑
Similarities
听，说， 读，写
大学英语
专业英语
语法
Specialty English and College English
Differences
日常应 用
科技文献 阅读翻译
大学 英语
基础
专业 英语
进阶
专业英语的特点
一、大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization)
When mass concrete is constructed, side-dump cars on narrow-gage track or belt conveyers may be used. 对大 体积混凝土施工，可能会用到窄轨式侧卸式汽车或者传送带。 For mass concrete construction, side-dump cars on narrow-gage track or belt conveyers may be used.
缩略词
lab (laboratory); math (mathematics); ft (foot/feet); CAD (computer aided design)； FEM (finite element method); DEM (discrete element method), in (inch)
placed in 2-to 4-ft-deep increments and consolidated with internal vibrators.
These should be lifted after each increment has been vibrated.
英国利兹大学John Swales统计，科技英语中的位于至少1/3是被动 语态, 便于强调与客观，保持语句简洁
土木工程专业英语
本课程的学习目标
掌握约3000 个土木工程常 用专业词汇；
掌握初步的土 木工程技术文 献阅读、理解 能力；
掌握初步的科 技论文文摘翻 译方法；
本课程的内容
Part 1: 视频
地震方面的基础知识
Part 2: 短文翻译
混凝土浇筑
Part 3: 科技论文结构讲解
土力学直剪实验
Specialty English and College English
四、后置定语（the postposition)
介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces. 由于摩擦而产生的力称为摩擦 力。介词短语due to的使用避免了because从句的使用
副词，Байду номын сангаас词
The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level. 向上 的力与向下的力相等，所以气球保持在这个高度。 The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted. 产生的热能等于浪费了的 热能。过去分词表达被动在科技文献中被广泛的应用。
名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方面强调 construction 这个过程
二、广泛使用被动语句（the passive)
Though we should cast the columns continuously, we should place the concrete in 2 to 4-ft-deep increments and consolidate the concrete with internal vibrators. We should lift the vibrators after we vibrating each increment. Though columns should be continuously casted, the concrete should be
定语从句
During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.在施工过程中， 常会出现需要改变设计的问题。
五、 复合词语缩略词(the compound and the abbreviation)
复合词
Shotcrete; over-vibration; work-harden; water-cementitious-materials-ratio; side-dump; triaxial
In the construction, the problem of casting is how concrete is conveyed from the mixer to the certain point. In the construction, the problem of casting is how to convey concrete from the mixer to the certain point.