东华理工大学843中外音乐史2016-2018年考研专业课真题试卷
华南理工大学《884中外音乐史》考研专业课真题试卷
884
华南理工大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回） 科目名称：中外音乐史 适用专业：音乐与舞蹈学，音乐(专硕) 共 西方音乐史部分（75 分） 一、名词解释（每题 4 分，共 40 分） 1、通奏低音 2、荷马史诗 3、舒曼 4、帕勒斯特里那 5、威尼斯乐派 6、李斯特 7、清唱剧 8、格里高利圣咏 9、表现主义音乐 10、威尔第 二、问答题（35 分） 1、请谈谈交响曲这一形式的产生和发展。 （12 分） 2、请叙述早期（9—13 世纪）复调音乐的发展。 （13 分） 3、简述瓦格纳的创作及影响。 （10 分） 中国音乐史部分（75 分） 一、名词解释（每题 4 分，共 40 分） 1、嵇康 2、减字谱 3、八音分类法 4、谭小麟 5、 《弦索备考》 6、姜夔 7、黎锦晖 8、江文也 9、 《碣石调·幽兰》 10、冼星海 2 页
海天课堂
中国考研专业课辅导知名品牌
华南理工大学考研专业课真题试卷
884 中外音乐史
2013 年《884 中外音乐史》专业课真题试卷 2014 年《884 中外音乐史》专业课真题试卷 2015 年《884 中外音乐史》专业课真题试卷 2016 年《884 中外音乐史》专业课真题试卷 2017 年《884 中外音乐史》专业课真题试卷 2018 年《884 中外音乐史》专业课真题试卷
1．三分损益法 2．坐部伎 3．清商曲 4． 《碧鸡漫志》 5．嵇康 6．北京国乐改进社 7．江文也 8． 《神奇秘谱》 9． 清唱剧《长恨歌》 10.马思聪
二、 简述题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）
1.20 世纪 20 年代黎锦晖的音乐创作及特点。 2.周代乐器的发展。
四川师范大学音乐学院《841中外音乐简史》历年考研真题汇编
目 录2015年四川师范大学845中外音乐简史考研真题2016年四川师范大学845中外音乐简史考研真题2017年四川师范大学845中外音乐简史考研真题2018年四川师范大学841中外音乐简史考研真题2019年四川师范大学841中外音乐简史考研真题2015年四川师范大学845中外音乐简史考研真题四川师范大学网15年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题专业代码：135101专业名舞布__-_朝阳馋掘考试神密—中外音乐简史—谖藏毂"…一’矿天顾&不瓦撬分―1她分）说明，U）试酬答卷分离，所有答题内容须写在答题纸上,写在试题或箪稿纸上的内容无效3 C2）答题时，可不抄题，但须写明所答试题序号$C3）答题时，严禁使用红色笔或船笔答题。
一、名词解释题（本大题共10小题.由考生任意选答其中的4个小题，评分时以花答的前4个小题为淮，蜉小题10分，共49分〉1、四大声腔2、新法密律■3、南洪北孔4、普卷密谱&救亡歌咏运动6、闲情偶寄7、优即狄茜8、瓦格纳9、马太受难曲10、《美麟之散》二、简答趣（本大题共12小题.由考生任意选答其中的5个小圈，评分时以选答的前5个小题为准，每个小题10分，共5。
分）】1、请答出明清聘期古琴的四大流派及其代表人物，国、请答出“大同乐会”的性质、活动及主要代表人物.13、钠爸出乐曲《春江花月夜｝产生的渊源及曲情曲意，H、请答出'学堂乐歌”的概念、背景、风格与主要内容I15、清答也对天华对我国二胡演奏技巧发展的贡猷，16、请答出箫友梅与刘天华各自的音乐主张。
17、靖答出歌剧《白毛女》产生的背景及它在我国歌剧发展史上的意义和地殖，18、请答出巴赫与亨德尔各自的两首著名的管弦乐曲的曲名”】9、清答出格碧克的歌剧主张，20、请写出贝多芬最著名的四部交响曲的曲名.21、清答出“真实主义歌剧”的含义及其代表人物。
22、清答出“慨罗斯民族音乐之父”的与“五人强力集团"的名字，三、论述题（本大题共3小题.由考生任意选答其中的I个小题，每个小题60分,共60分）23、聂可、洗星海和欧洲“民族乐派”的创作绘予我们的启示。
东华理工大学教育管理学2016到2018三套考研专业课真题
注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
东华理工大学2016年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码：822 ; 科目名称：《教育管理学》；（A 卷）
适用专业（领域）名称：教育管理
一、名词解释题：（共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）
1.行为科学
2. 决策
3.组织结构
4.教师聘任制
5.学校组织文化
6. 学校工作计划
二、简答题：（共6小题，每小题10分，共60分）
1.简述我国当前教育督导的基本任务
2.简述学校质量管理的主要特点
3.简述校长领导方式的影响因素
4.简述学校组织建设的原则
5.简述教育行政集权制与分权制的利弊
6.如何塑造良好的学校形象
三、论述题：（共3小题，每小题20分，共60分）
1.试述教育法在教育行政管理中的作用
2.联系实际谈谈如何提高教师职业专业化程度
3.试述目标管理及其在学校管理中的运用
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东华理工大学高等数学【837】考研真题试题2016年—2018年
）. (B) 仅有铅直渐近线
(C) 既有水平渐近线，又有铅直渐近线 (D) 既无水平渐近线，又无铅直渐近线
（2）设函数 f (x) 在 (-¥, +¥) 处连续，其 2 阶导函数 f ¢¢(x) 的图形如下图所示，则曲线
y = f (x) 的拐点个数为（
(A) 0
(B) 1
）. (C) 2
lim （3）极限
xy
(x, y )→(0,0) x 2 + 2 y 2
（）
（A） 1 ； （B）1； （C）2； （D）不存在 2
（4）函数 f (x, y)在点 (x0, y0 ) 处两个偏导数 fx (x0, y0 ) 和 f y (x0, y0 ) 存在是 f (x, y)在
点 (x0 , y0 ) 处可微的（ ） （A）充分条件； （B）必要条件； （C）充要条件； （D） 既不充分也不必要条件
( ) （15）（本题满分 10 分）计算 lim
1 + 1 +×××+ 1
.
n®¥ n2 +1 n2 + 2
n2 + n
（16）（本题满分
10
分）求极限
lim
(
òx
0
e
t
2
dt
)
2
.
ò x®0 x te 2t2 dt 0
（17）（本题满分
10
分）设
y
=
y(x) 是由参数方程 ìïíx ïî y
= ln 1+ t2 = arctan t
0
0
1
1+ y
1
1+ y
ò ò ò ò (C) dy f (x, y)dx (D) dy f (x, y)dx
东华理工大学普通物理【838】考研真题试题2016年—2018年
长度为 l 的金属杆 ab 以速率 v 在导电轨道 abcd 上平行移动．已知导轨处于均匀磁
场 B 中， B 的方向与回路的法线成 60°角(如图所示)， B 的大小为 B = kt ( k 为正的常
数)．设 t =0 时杆位于 cd 处，求：任一时刻 t 导线回路中感应电动势的大小和方向。
题七图 八、本题 15 分：
（可看做质点），套管用细线拉住，它到竖直的光滑固定轴 OO′的距离为 1 l ，杆和套 2
管所组成的系统以角速度0 绕 OO′轴转动，如图所示。若在转动过程中细线被拉断， 套管将沿着杆滑动。试求在套管滑动过程中，该系统转动的角速度 与套管轴的距离 x 的函数关系？
三、本题 20 分： 如图所示，质量为 10g 的子弹，以 500ms-1 的速度射入木块中，使弹簧压缩从而作
l m g
O 60°
（二题图）
（四题图）
三、本题 20 分： 一质量为 m 的质点，系在细绳的一端，绳的另一端固定在平面上，此质点在粗糙
水平面上作半径为 r 的圆周运动。设质点的最初速率是 v0 ，当它运动一周时，其速 率为v0/2。 求：(1) 摩擦力作的功? (2) 动摩擦因数? (3) 在静止以前质点运动了多少圈?
1、 一个质点在作圆周运动时，有 ［ ］ (A) 切向加速度一定改变，法向加速度也改变 (B) 切向加速度可能不变，法向加速 度一定改变
(C) 切向加速度可能不变，法向加速度不变 (D) 切向加速度一定改变，法向加速 度不变
初速度 v0 = 0 m/s。试求其位置和时间的关系式?
二、本题 20 分： 如图所示，光滑的水平桌面上放置一半径为 R 的固定圆环，物体紧贴环的内侧作
圆周运动，其摩擦因数为 μ，开始时物体的速率为 v0 ，求：(1) t 时刻物体的速率? (2) 当物体速率从 v0 减少到 v0/2 时，物体所经历的时间及经过的路程?
东华理工大学843中外音乐史2018年考研初试真题
二、简答题：（共 4 小题，每小题 10 分，共 40 分） 1，简述杂剧和南戏的区别 2，简述大同乐会的主要任务 3，简述格鲁克歌剧改革的内容 4，简述奥地利圆舞曲的结构特点
三、论述题：（共 3 小题，每小题 20 分，共 60 分） 1，论述国立音乐院的创办过程及其历史意义 2，论述巴赫的音乐创作 3，论述 19 世纪下半叶民族乐派音乐创作的民族性
东华理工大学
考研专业课初试真题
硕士研究生入学考Βιβλιοθήκη 专业课初试真题注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
东华理工大学 2018 年硕士生入学考试初试试题 科目代码： 843 ; 科目名称：《中外音乐史》；（ A 卷） 适用专业（领域）名称： 045111 学科教学（音乐）
一、名词解释：（共 10 小题，每小题 5 分，共 50 分） 《说唱货郎儿》、《鼓子词》、《儿童歌舞剧》、《沈心工》、《新音乐》、 《亨德尔》、《古奏鸣曲》、《艺术歌曲》、《狂想曲》、《李斯特》
东华理工大学843中外音乐史2017年考研专业课真题试卷
注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
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东华理工大学2017年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码：843;科目名称：《中外音乐史》；（A 卷）
适用专业（领域）名称：
045111学科教学（音乐）一、名词解释：（共10小题，每小题5分，共50分）
《相和大曲》、《新律》、《诸宫调》、《学堂乐歌》、《二人转》、
《康塔塔》、《维瓦尔第》、《奏鸣曲》、《歌剧》、《幻想交响曲》
二、简答题：（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）
1，简述南戏是怎样产生的
2，简述中华美育会的办会宗旨
3，简述那不勒斯乐派
4，简述比才歌剧的创作特征
三、论述题：（共3小题，每小题20分，共60分）
1，论述黎锦辉儿童歌舞剧的意义
2，论述巴洛克时期音乐的特点
3，论述维也纳古典乐派的主要创作风格
东华理工大学2017年考研专业课初试真题精都考研（）——全国100000考研学子的选择。
华南理工大学考研试题2016年-2018年886中外舞蹈史
华南理工大学
2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：中外舞蹈史
适用专业：音乐与舞蹈学
华南理工大学
2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：中外舞蹈史
适用专业：音乐与舞蹈学
华南理工大学
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：中外舞蹈史
适用专业：音乐与舞蹈学。
东华理工大学学科教学语文836语文课程与教学论2016到2018三套考研专业课真题
三、论述题：（共 3 小题，每小题 20 分，共 60 分） 1、你怎样理解语文课程工具性与人文性的统一？ 2、语文教师专业能力应从哪些方面提高自身的专业能力？ 3、尝试编制语文教学的常规教案体例。
北国风光， 千里冰封， 万里雪飘。 望长城内外， 惟余莽莽； 大河上下， 顿失滔滔。 山舞银蛇， 原驰蜡象， 欲与天公试比高。
第 1 页，共 2 页
须晴日， 看红装素裹， 分外妖娆。
注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
江山如此多娇， 引无数英雄竞折腰。 惜秦皇汉武， 略输文采； 唐宗宋祖， 稍逊风骚。 一代天骄， 成吉思汗， 只识弯弓射大雕。 俱往矣， 数风流人物， 还看今朝。
注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
东华理工大学 2016 年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码： 836
; 科目名称：《语文课程与教学论》；（ A 卷）
适用专业（领域）名称： 学科教学（语文）
一、名词解释（共 4 小题，每小题 5 分，共 20 分） 1、 语文教材 2、 课程标准 3、 语感 4、 单元教学 简答题：（共 4 小题，每小题 10 分，共 40 分）
你对此怎么看。请陈述你的观点。 2.试析“语文素养”概念及其内涵。
四、教学设计题（共 1 小题，每小题 50 分，共 50 分）
1.请为课文《愚公移山》（人教版九年级下册）设计一份教学方案，并陈述设计理 由。附原文：
《愚公移山》 太行、王屋二山，方七百里，高万仞，本在冀州之南，河阳之北。 北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。惩山北之塞，出入之迂也。聚室而谋曰：“吾 与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎？”杂然相许。其妻献疑曰：“以君之力， 曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何？且焉置土石？”杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾，隐土 之北。”遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。邻人京城氏之孀妻有 遗男，始龀，跳往助之。寒暑易节，始一反焉。 河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠。以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其 如土石何？”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。虽我之死， 有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙；子子孙孙无穷匮（kuì）也， 而山不加增，何苦而不平？”河曲智叟亡以应。 操蛇之神闻之，惧其不已也，告之于帝。帝感其诚，命夸娥氏二子负二山，一厝 朔东，一厝雍南。自此，冀之南，汉之阴，无陇断焉。
中外音乐史试题(含答案)
中外音乐史试题中外音乐史2009-05-16 12:48:00 阅读471 评论0 字号：大中小订阅一、填空题1.宋人娱乐场所集中的地方称__，百戏杂剧演出的场所称__。
2.__________是云南省丽江县纳西族的传统音乐，又名丽江古乐。
3.明清时期最重要的音乐理论成就，是朱载堉发明的___，即十二平均律。
4.在俄罗斯作曲家兼钢琴家齐尔品“征求中国风味钢琴曲”的比赛中，贺绿汀的__荣获了一等奖。
5.在中国近现代音乐史上，______开创了说唱性的叙事歌曲体裁，其代表作________。
6.自20世纪30年代，由中国共产党领导的左翼音乐运动，以及抗日战争、解放战争时期的革命音乐运动，我们一般称为___________。
7.被誉为中国“比较音乐学先驱”的是_________________。
8.在古希腊时期，一种源于对酒神的祭祀、显示古希腊人的非凡天赋、具有崇高价值的综合艺术是___古希腊悲剧______________。
9.中世纪时期，教会音乐主要使用格里哥利圣咏，它使用_____ 圣经____________的歌词、______古希腊___________的曲调和_________自由________的节奏。
10.文艺复兴时期勃艮第乐派重要的代表作曲家是___迪费____________和____本书瓦___________。
1.音乐史上将汉代多种民间艺术的汇合，称为_____百戏____________。
2.唐玄宗时，将宫廷燕乐中的九、十部乐改成了_____ 高昌乐____________和_________________。
3.唐时期的变文是一种_________散文________和______韵文___________相间的叙事性音乐体裁。
4.流行于宋元时期，以唱南曲为主的一种戏曲形式是_________________。
5.明代朱权编印的_________________是我国最早刊印的古琴曲集。
东华理工大学333教育综合2016到2018的3套考研专业课真题
注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
东华理工大学2016年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码：333;科目名称：《教育综合》；（A卷）
适用专业（领域）名称：教育硕士
一、名词解释题：（共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）
1、《学记》
2、广义的个体发展
3、活动课程
4、有意义学习
5、知识迁移
二、简答题：（共4小题，每小题15分，共60分）
简析体力劳动与脑力劳动的分离与对立对教育的影响
简述洋务学堂兴办的目的、特点与类别及其有代表性的学堂
简述赫尔巴特的教学论
简述新一轮基础教育课程改革的目标
三、论述题：（共2小题，每小题25分，共50分）
1、有一个很通俗的说法，教师“要给学生一碗水，自己就要有一桶水”，意思是说，教师应该有丰富的学识，有足够的知识储备，一个教师如果想教给学生一点知识，自己就要掌握许多知识，惟有如此，教师的教学才能游刃有余，收到好的效果。
请你从教育理论与实践的角度，对此说法加以论述
2、如果你是一位老师，面对一班学习动机强弱不同的学生，你会从哪些方面来激发他们的学习动机？请结合教育学和教育心理学的理论加以论述
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东华理工大学844中外舞蹈史2018年考研专业课真题试卷
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东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码：844;科目名称：《中外舞蹈史》；（A 卷）适用专业（领域）名称：045111学科教学（音乐）
一、名词解释：（共10小题，每小题
5分，共50分）1、踏歌2、清商乐舞3、百戏4、六大舞
5、胡旋舞
6、霓裳羽衣舞
7、破阵乐
8、泰德·肖恩
9、玛莎·格莱姆10、巴兰钦
二、论述题：（共
3小题，其中第1为必答题，第2和第3题中任选一题作答，每小题50分，共100分）
1、试论述汉代舞蹈的艺术特征。
2、论述浪漫芭蕾的代表人物、代表作品及其艺术特色。
3、试论述伊莎多拉·邓肯对现代舞的贡献。
东华理工大学2018年考研专业课初试真题精都考研（）——全国100000考研学子的选择。
东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题
东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题科目代码： 840 ; 科目名称：《综合英语》；（ A 卷）适用专业（领域）名称：学科教学（英语）Part I Reading Comprehension (50%，2.5*20)In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text AThe bag is one of the most simple and useful things in the world. It is a container made of paper or cloth. It has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. Some of them are used in the United States today.One is “bagman”. It describes a go-between. The go-between sees to it that money is passed — often illegally — from one person to another. Another widely-used expression is to “let the cat out of the bag”. It is used when someone tells something that was supposed to be secret. No one can explain how the cat got into the bag. But there is an old story about it.Long ago tradesmen sold things in large cloth bags. One day a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up a cloth bag with something moving inside it. He said it was a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a cat — not a pig. The tradesman’s secret was out. He was trying to trick her. And now everybody knew it.The phrase “to be left holding the bag” is as widely used as the expression “to let the cat out of the bag”. This expression makes the person left holding the bag responsible for an action, often a crime or misdeed. That person is the one who is punished. The others involved in the act escape. Where the expression came from is not clear. Some say that General George Washington used it during the American Revolutionary War. One of Washington’s officers, Royall Taylor, used the expression in a play about Daniel Shay’s rebellion. The play was in 1787, after Taylor helped to put down Shay’s rebellion.Shay led a thousand war veterans in an attack on a federal building in Springfield, Massachusetts. Guns were in the building. Some of the protesters were farmers who had no money to buy seed. Some had been put in prison for not paying their debts. They were menwho fought one war against the king of England, and were now prepared to fight against their own government. Most of the rebels were captured. Shay and some of the officers escaped.In his play, Taylor describes Shay as disappearing, giving others “the bag to hold”.A bag is useful in many ways. Just be careful not “to let the cat out of the bag”, or someone may leave you “holding the bag”.1. According to the passage, a bagman refers to _________________.A) a person who travels around carrying his things in a bag B) a vagrant workerC) a person who delivers or collects money for criminals D) a homeless person2. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the story about “let the cat out of the bag”?A) The tradesman wanted to play a joke with the woman.B) The woman wanted to buy a cat.C) The tradesman kept a cat in a plastic bag.D) The tradesman lied to the woman that he had a live pig in the bag.3. What can we infer from the story “to be left holding the bag”?A) The person left holding the bag was completely innocent.B) The person left holding the bag took no responsibility for committing crimes.C) Many farmers protested against the government because they couldn’t pay their debts.D) Many protesters became the scapegoats for Shay and his officers.4. What does the last sentence of this passage mean?A) A bag has many different functions.B) People should often keep secret or they will be left to take the responsibility for everything.C) People should watch out and learn to take the responsibility for their actions.D) You will have to hold the bag if you let the cat out of it.5. The best title for this passage is ________________.A) Don’t Let the Cat Out of the Bag B) To Be Left Holding a BagC) Words and Their Stories: Bag Expressions D) Bag: A Useful ContainerText BTraditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally．For example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties．This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable．Genetic engineering（GE）involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other．GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species—e.g. putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes．It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin, but what other effects may it have in this alien environment？We are already seeing this problem—adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow—but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictable．It will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA, but what side-effect would it have？In other words，is GM food safe to eat？The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out．Companies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or U.S. are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests．Monsanto’s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for ten weeks before being approved．There was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people．The current position of the UK Government is that “There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.” In the U.S.，the American Food and Drug Administration (AFDA) is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods．6. Genetic engineering .A) involves crossing varieties of the same speciesB) is safe and fairly predictableC) is dangerous and entirely unpredictableD) covers the exchange of genes between different species7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The side-effect of adding human growth hormone to pigs is that pigs may acquire somediseases of human.B) Human intelligence gene functions differently in human DNA and in cabbage DNA.C) In the UK or U.S., a GM product cannot be approved before the results of its safetytests are provided.D) Tests show that GM foods have specific dangers to children or allergic people.8. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.B) The UK government and the U.S. government have different attitudes towards GMfoods.C) The AFDA in the U.S. was charged with concealing some research findings.D) The governments of the UK and the U.S. are protecting the GM foods.9. The possible title for the passage might be .A) Safe to Eat? B) GM Food NeedsC) Genetic Engineering D) A New Way of Breeding10. What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM food?A) Neutral. B) Positive. C) Negative. D) Indifferent. Text CFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child－or even an animal, such as a pigeon－can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so.But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types---- people are described with such terms.People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.11. The main idea of this passage is ____________.A) how to distinguish people’s facesB）how to describe people’s personalityC) how to distinguish people both inward and outwardD) how to differ good persons from bad persons12. The author is most probably a _________.A) behaviorist B) psychologist C) sociologist D) scientist13. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Different people may have different personalities.B) People differ from each other in appearance.C) People can learn to recognize faces.D) People can describe all the features of others.14. The reason why it is easier to describe a person’s personality in words than his face is that________.A) a person’s face is more complex than his personalityB) a person’s personality is easily distinguishedC) a person’s personality is very complexD) many words are available when people try to describe one’s personality15. W e learn from the passage that people classify a person into a certain type according to________.A) his way of acting and thinking B) his way of speaking and behavingC) his learning and behavior D)his physical appearance and hispersonalityText DIt is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious choice would be colour photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and percepts photographs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photographic process whereby samples of the external world become spontaneously and accurately reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain.In the first a person is asked to match a pair of black and white discs, which are rotating at such a speed as to make them appear uniformly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other in bright illumination. By adjusting the ratio of black to white in one of the discs the subject tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate, for it seems he has made the proportion of black to white in the brightly illuminated disc almost identical with that in the disc which stood in shadow. But there is nothing photographic about his perception, for when the matched discs, still spinning, are photographed, the resulting print shows them to be quite dissimilar in appearance. The disc in shadow is obviously very much darker than the other one. What has happened? Both the camera and the person were accurate, but their criteria differed. One might say that the camera recorded things as they look, and the person things as they are. But the situation is manifestly more complex than this, for the person also recorded things as they look. He did better than the camera because he made them look as they really are. He was not misled by the differences in illumination. He showed perceptual constancy. By reason of an extremely rapid, wholly unconscious piece of computation he received a more accurate record of theexternal world than could the camera.In the second experiment a person is asked to match with a colour card the colours of two pictures in dim illumination. One is of a leaf, the other of a donkey. Both are coloured an equal shade of green. In making his match he chooses a much stronger green for the leaf than for the donkey. The leaf evidently looks greener than the donkey. The percipient makes a perceptual world compatible with his own experience. It hardly needs saying that cameras lack this versatility.In the third experiment hungry, thirsty and satiated people are asked to equalize the brightness of pictures depicting food, water and other objects unrelated to hunger or thirst. When the intensities at which they set the pictures are measured it is found that hungry people see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest (i.e. to equalize the pictures they make the food ones less intense), and thirsty people do likewise with “drink” pictures. For the satiated group no differences are obtained between the different objects. In other words, perception serves to satisfy needs, not to enrich subjective experience. Unlike a photograph the percept is determined by more than just the stimulus.The fourth experiment is of a rather different kind. With ears plugged, their eyes beneath translucent goggles and their bodies either encased in cotton wool, or floating naked in water at body temperature, people are deprived for considerable periods of external stimulation. Contrary to what one might expect, however, such circumstances result not in a lack of perceptual experience but rather a surprising change in what is perceived. The subjects in such an experiment begin to see, feel and hear things which bear no more relationship to the immediate external world than does a dream in someone who is asleep. These people are not asleep yet their hallucinations, or so-called ‘autistic’ perceptions, may be as vivid, if not more so, than any normal percept.16. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that _______.A. colour photography is a biological processB. vision is rather like colour photographyC. vision is a sort of photographic processD. vision and colour photography are very different17. In the first experiment, it is proved that a person _______.A. makes mistakes of perception and is less accurate than a cameraB. can see more clearly than a cameraC. is more sensitive to changes in light than a cameraD. sees colours as they are in spite of changes in the light18. The second experiment shows that ________.A. people see colours according to their ideas of how things should lookB. colours look different in a dim lightC. cameras work less efficiently in a dim lightD. colours are less intense in larger objects19. What does “to equalize the brightness” (Line 1, Para. 4) mean?A. To arrange the pictures so that the equally bright ones are together.B. To change the lighting so that the pictures look equally bright.C. To describe the brightness.D. To move the pictures nearer or further away.20. The group of experiments, taken together, proves that human perception is _______.A. unreliableB. mysterious and unpredictableC. less accurate than a cameraD. related to our knowledge, experience and needsPart II Translation ( 50 Points)Section A :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.（30%）1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
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东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码：843;科目名称：《中外音乐史》；（A 卷）
适用专业（领域）名称：
045111学科教学（音乐）一、名词解释：（共10小题，每小题5分，共50分）
《说唱货郎儿》、《鼓子词》、《儿童歌舞剧》、《沈心工》、《新音乐》、
《亨德尔》、《古奏鸣曲》、《艺术歌曲》、《狂想曲》、《李斯特》
二、简答题：（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）
1，简述杂剧和南戏的区别
2，简述大同乐会的主要任务
3，简述格鲁克歌剧改革的内容
4，简述奥地利圆舞曲的结构特点
三、论述题：（共3小题，每小题20分，共60分）
1，论述国立音乐院的创办过程及其历史意义
2，论述巴赫的音乐创作
3，论述19世纪下半叶民族乐派音乐创作的民族性
东华理工大学2018年考研专业课初试真题精都考研（）——全国100000考研学子的选择。