世界历史文化遗产保护宪章共37页
文化遗产保护国际宪章与国内法规
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城巾文化遗产保护国际宪章与国内法规导读 1国际宪章、公约及宣占 33关于历史性纪念物修复的雅典宪章 35关于保护景观和遗址的风貌与特性的建议 38闽际占迹保护与修复宪章(威尼斯宪章) 42关于保护受公共或私人工程危害的文化财产的建议 44保护世界文化和自然遗产公约 49关于在国家一级保护文化和自然遗产的建议 55阿姆斯特丹宣 61关于建筑遗产的欧洲宪章 66关于历史地区的保护及其当代作用的建议(内罗中建议) 69国际占迹遗址理事会章程 76世界自然宪章 81佛罗伦萨宪章 84保护历史城镇与城区宪章(华盛顿宪章) 87考占遗产保护与管理宪章 89关于原真性的奈良文件 92新都市主义宪章 94实施世界遗产公约的操作指南 96关于乡土建筑遗产的宪章 116国际文化旅游宪章(重要文化古迹遗址旅游管理原则和指南) 118中国文物古迹保护准则 127世界文化多样性宣言 131附:实施教科文组织世界文化多样性宣言的行动计划要点 133关于产业遗产的下塔吉尔宪章 135保护无形文化遗产公约 138保护历史性城市景观维也纳备忘录 145保护历史性城市景观宣言 148西安宣言一一关于历史建筑、古遗址和历史地区周边环境的保护 150 国内法规、条例及宣言 155中华人民共和国文物保护法 157长城保护条例 167陕西省文物保护条例 170北京历史文化名城保护条例 177江苏省历史文化名城名镇保护条例 181浙江省历史文化名城保护条例 186昆明历史文化名城保护条例 190福州市历史文化名城保护条例 193广州历史文化名城保护条例 196西安历史文化名城保护条例 199长沙市历史文化名城保护条例 203云南省丽江占城保护条例 207附:云南省丽江历史文化名城保护管理条例 210山西省平遥占城保护条例 214四川省间中占城保护条例 217红河哈尼族彝族自治州建水历史文化名城保护管理条例 219 巍山彝族凹族rj治县历史文化名城保护管理条例 222哈尔滨市保护建筑和保护街区条例 224上海市历史文化凤貌区和优秀历史建筑保护条例 228附:上海市优秀近代建筑保护管理办法 234天津市历史风貌建筑保护条例 237武汉市旧城风貌区和优秀历史建筑保护管理办法 242杭州市历史文化街区和历史建筑保护办法 245杭州巾清河坊历史街区保护办法 250南宁市历史传统街区保护管理条例 253苏州市历史文化城名镇保护办法 255苏州市古村落保护办法 259苏州市古建筑保护条例 262苏州市历史文化保护区保护性修复整治消防管理办法 265 无锡市历史街区保护办法 267厦门市鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑保护条例 269厦门市鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑保护专项资金管理暂行办法 272 安徽省皖南占民居保护条例 274福建省”福建上楼”文化遗产保护管理办法 277陕西省秦始皇陵保护条例 280苏州市地下文物保护办法 283苏州园林保护和管理条例 286杭州西湖风景名胜区管理条例 289湖南省武陵源世界自然遗产保护条例 295福建省武夷山世界文化和自然遗产保护条例 300四川省世界遗产保护条例 304云南省民族民间传统文化保护条例 306云南省纳西族东巴文化保护条例 310附:云南省丽江纳西族自治县东巴文化保护条例 312文化资产保存法 314名胜占迹古物保存条例 323古物保存法 325占物保存法施行细则 326历史文化名城保护规划规范 328城市规划编制办法 334城巾紫线管理办法 340全闽重点文物保护单位保护规划编制审批办法 343全国重点文物保护单位保护规划编制要求 345纪念建筑、古建筑、石窟寺等修缮仁程管理办法 351保护和发展历史城市国际合作苏州宣言 354“从传统园林到城市”宣言 356保护肚界遗产乐山宣占 357肚界遗产青少年教育苏州宣言 358中国古村镇保护与发展碛口宣占 360无锡建议一一注重经济高速发展时期的工业遗产:保护 361 后汜 362本书共有367页。
世界文化遗产保护办法
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中华人民共和国文化部令第41号《世界文化遗产保护管理办法》已经2006年11月14日文化部部务会议审议通过,现予公布,自公布之日起施行。
部长孙家正二○○六年十一月十四日世界文化遗产保护管理办法第一条为了加强对世界文化遗产的保护和管理,履行对《保护世界文化与自然遗产公约》的责任和义务,传承人类文明,依据《中华人民共和国文物保护法》制定本办法。
第二条本办法所称世界文化遗产,是指列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》的世界文化遗产和文化与自然混合遗产中的文化遗产部分。
第三条世界文化遗产工作贯彻保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理的方针,确保世界文化遗产的真实性和完整性。
第四条国家文物局主管全国世界文化遗产工作,协调、解决世界文化遗产保护和管理中的重大问题,监督、检查世界文化遗产所在地的世界文化遗产工作。
县级以上地方人民政府及其文物主管部门依照本办法的规定,制定管理制度,落实工作措施,负责本行政区域内的世界文化遗产工作。
第五条县级以上地方人民政府应当将世界文化遗产保护和管理所需的经费纳入本级财政预算。
公民、法人和其他组织可以通过捐赠等方式设立世界文化遗产保护基金,专门用于世界文化遗产保护。
世界文化遗产保护基金的募集、使用和管理,依照国家有关法律、行政法规和部门规章的规定执行。
第六条国家对世界文化遗产保护的重大事项实行专家咨询制度,由国家文物局建立专家咨询机制开展相关工作。
世界文化遗产保护专家咨询工作制度由国家文物局制定并公布。
第七条公民、法人和其他组织都有依法保护世界文化遗产的义务。
国家鼓励公民、法人和其他组织参与世界文化遗产保护。
国家文物局、县级以上地方人民政府及其文物主管部门应当对在世界文化遗产保护中作出突出贡献的组织或者个人给予奖励。
省级文物主管部门应当建立世界文化遗产保护志愿者工作制度,开展志愿者的组织、指导和培训工作。
第八条世界文化遗产保护规划由省级人民政府组织编制。
承担世界文化遗产保护规划编制任务的机构,应当取得国家文物局颁发的资格证书。
《保护世界遗产》课件
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中国唐代著名僧人 玄奘从长安到印度求法, 曾途经巴米扬。他在 《大唐西域记》中并详 细记录了高大精美的佛 像。巴米扬石窟拥有两 项世界之最:巴米扬石 窟是现存最大的佛教石 窟群、巴米扬大佛是世 界上最高的古代佛像。 大佛大约雕造于公元4~ 5世纪间,经历风风雨雨, 战火沧桑,至今已有 1500多年的历史。
如今,阿富汗 政府正在国际社会 的帮助下,耗资 900万美元,正计划 通过先进的激光技 术,在巴米扬大佛 遗址上重现千年佛 像的面貌。
中国个别遗产地“重申报轻保护”,杀鸡取卵式地 开发,使这些宝贵的人类财富不仅受到不可抗拒的自然 力量损害,还受到来自人类自身的威胁。
1998年9月,联合国教科文组织官员在武陵源 进行遗产监测时,提出了尖锐的批评意见,拿出 了黄牌警告。昔日美丽的武陵源,如今已光华不 再。著名的“锣鼓塌”容纳了一座“宾馆城”; 被誉为“世界最美的峡谷”的金鞭溪,每天接纳 1500吨污水。整个社会痛心疾首,骂声不断。张 家界政府却一意孤行,又批准了投资达1.2亿元巨 资、号称"世界第一户外观光电梯"的"百龙天梯" 的建造项目。
林立的宾馆和武陵源如此“亲近”
按照张家界国家森林 管理处官员的说法:“电 梯不仅为政府创造年数百 万,甚至可以上千万的财 政税收,还解决了当地 200多人的就业问题。” 联合国教科文组织一 位官员警告说:你们对遗 产的过度开发“就象一位 风烛残年的老人,被逼乔 装打扮出去赚钱,这是犯罪 "。 金鞭溪畔恶俗丑陋的"发财路
合理利用——充分保护和适度利用
(注重人类的可持续发展)
知识结构
人们认识历史文化的教科书 世 界 文 化 遗 产 的 保 护 和 利 用
世界文化遗 产的价值
保护世界文化和自然遗产公约-Englishih version
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UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATIONCONVENTION CONCERNING THEPROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURALAND NATURAL HERITAGEAdopted by the General Conference at its seventeenth sessionParis, 16 november 1972English TextCONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTIONOF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEThe General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization meeting in Paris from 17 October to 21 November 1972, at its seventeenth session,Noting that the cultural heritage and the natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction,Considering that deterioration or disappearance of any item of the cultural or natural heritage constitutes a harmful impoverishment of the heritage of all the nations of the world,Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level often remains incomplete because of the scale of the resources which it requires and of the insufficient economic, scientific, and technological resources of the country where the property to be protected is situated,Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will maintain, increase, and diffuse knowledge by assuring the conservation and protection of the world's heritage, and recommending to the nations concerned the necessary international conventions, Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions concerning cultural and natural property demonstrate the importance, for all the peoples of the world, of safeguarding this unique and irreplaceable property, to whatever people it may belong,Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of outstanding interest and therefore need to be preserved as part of the world heritage of mankind as a whole, Considering that, in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening them, it is incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient complement thereto,Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern scientific methods,1Having decided, at its sixteenth session, that this question should be made the subject of an international convention,Adopts this sixteenth day of November 1972 this Convention.I. DEFINITION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 1For the purpose of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage":monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.Article 2For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage":natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation;natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.2Article 3It is for each State Party to this Convention to identify and delineate the different properties situated on its territory mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 above.II. NATIONAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 4Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State. It will do all it can to this end, to the utmost of its own resources and, where appropriate, with any international assistance and co-operation, in particular, financial, artistic, scientific and technical, which it may be able to obtain.Article 5To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:(a)to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage afunction in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes;(b)to set up within its territories, where such services do not exist, one or more servicesfor the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage with an appropriate staff and possessing the means to discharge their functions;(c)to develop scientific and technical studies and research and to work out suchoperating methods as will make the State capable of counteracting the dangers that threaten its cultural or natural heritage;(d)to take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financialmeasures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage; and3(e)to foster the establishment or development of national or regional centres fortraining in the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and naturalheritage and to encourage scientific research in this field.Article 61. Whilst fully respecting the sovereignty of the States on whose territory the culturaland natural heritage mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 is situated, and without prejudice to property right provided by national legislation, the States Parties to this Convention recognize that such heritage constitutes a world heritage for whose protection it is the duty of the international community as a whole to co-operate.2. The States Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, togive their help in the identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 if the States on whose territory it is situated so request.3. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any deliberate measureswhich might damage directly or indirectly the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 situated on the territory of other States Parties to this Convention. Article 7For the purpose of this Convention, international protection of the world cultural and natural heritage shall be understood to mean the establishment of a system of international co-operation and assistance designed to support States Parties to the Convention in their efforts to conserve and identify that heritage.III INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 81. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural and NaturalHeritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Committee", is hereby established within the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It shall be composed of 15 States Parties to the Convention, elected by States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The number of States members of the Committee shall be increased to 21 as from the date of the ordinary session of the General Conference following the entry into force of this Convention for at least 40 States.42. Election of members of the Committee shall ensure an equitable representation of thedifferent regions and cultures of the world.3. A representative of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation andRestoration of Cultural Property (Rome Centre), a representative of the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and a representative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), to whom may be added, at the request of States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, representatives of other intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations, with similar objectives, may attend the meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity.Article 91. The term of office of States members of the World Heritage Committee shall extendfrom the end of the ordinary session of the General Conference during which they are elected until the end of its third subsequent ordinary session.2. The term of office of one-third of the members designated at the time of the firstelection shall, however, cease at the end of the first ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected; and the term of office of a further third of the members designated at the same time shall cease at the end of the second ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected. The names of these members shall be chosen by lot by the President of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization after the first election.3. States members of the Committee shall choose as their representatives personsqualified in the field of the cultural or natural heritage.Article 101. The World Heritage Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.2. The Committee may at any time invite public or private organizations or individualsto participate in its meetings for consultation on particular problems.3. The Committee may create such consultative bodies as it deems necessary for theperformance of its functions.5Article 111. Every State Party to this Convention shall, in so far as possible, submit to the WorldHeritage Committee an inventory of property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, situated in its territory and suitable for inclusion in the list provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. This inventory, which shall not be considered exhaustive, shall include documentation about the location of the property in question and its significance.2. On the basis of the inventories submitted by States in accordance with paragraph 1,the Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, under the title of "World Heritage List," a list of properties forming part of the cultural heritage and natural heritage, as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention, which it considers as having outstanding universal value in terms of such criteria as it shall have established. An updated list shall be distributed at least every two years.3. The inclusion of a property in the World Heritage List requires the consent of theState concerned. The inclusion of a property situated in a territory, sovereignty or jurisdiction over which is claimed by more than one State shall in no way prejudice the rights of the parties to the dispute.4. The Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, whenever circumstancesshall so require, under the title of "list of World Heritage in Danger", a list of the property appearing in the World Heritage List for the conservation of which major operations are necessary and for which assistance has been requested under this Convention. This list shall contain an estimate of the cost of such operations. The list may include only such property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage as is threatened by serious and specific dangers, such as the threat of disappearance caused by accelerated deterioration, large-scale public or private projects or rapid urban or tourist development projects; destruction caused by changes in the use or ownership of the land; major alterations due to unknown causes; abandonment for any reason whatsoever; the outbreak or the threat of an armed conflict; calamities and cataclysms; serious fires, earthquakes, landslides; volcanic eruptions; changes in water level, floods and tidal waves. The Committee may at any time, in case of urgent need, make a new entry in the List of World Heritage in Danger and publicize such entry immediately.5. The Committee shall define the criteria on the basis of which a property belonging tothe cultural or natural heritage may be included in either of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.6. Before refusing a request for inclusion in one of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs2 and 4 of this article, the Committee shall consult the State Party in whose territorythe cultural or natural property in question is situated.67. The Committee shall, with the agreement of the States concerned, co-ordinate andencourage the studies and research needed for the drawing up of the lists referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.Article 12The fact that a property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage has not been included in either of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 shall in no way be construed to mean that it does not have an outstanding universal value for purposes other than those resulting from inclusion in these lists.Article 131. The World Heritage Committee shall receive and study requests for internationalassistance formulated by States Parties to this Convention with respect to property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage, situated in their territories, and included or potentially suitable for inclusion in the lists mentioned referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11. The purpose of such requests may be to secure the protection, conservation, presentation or rehabilitation of such property.2. Requests for international assistance under paragraph 1 of this article may also beconcerned with identification of cultural or natural property defined in Articles 1 and 2, when preliminary investigations have shown that further inquiries would be justified.3. The Committee shall decide on the action to be taken with regard to these requests,determine where appropriate, the nature and extent of its assistance, and authorize the conclusion, on its behalf, of the necessary arrangements with the government concerned.4. The Committee shall determine an order of priorities for its operations. It shall in sodoing bear in mind the respective importance for the world cultural and natural heritage of the property requiring protection, the need to give international assistance to the property most representative of a natural environment or of the genius and the history of the peoples of the world, the urgency of the work to be done, the resources available to the States on whose territory the threatened property is situated and in particular the extent to which they are able to safeguard such property by their own means.5. The Committee shall draw up, keep up to date and publicize a list of property forwhich international assistance has been granted.76. The Committee shall decide on the use of the resources of the Fund established underArticle 15 of this Convention. It shall seek ways of increasing these resources and shall take all useful steps to this end.7. The Committee shall co-operate with international and national governmental andnon-governmental organizations having objectives similar to those of this Convention. For the implementation of its programmes and projects, the Committee may call on such organizations, particularly the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), as well as on public and private bodies and individuals.8. Decisions of the Committee shall be taken by a majority of two-thirds of its memberspresent and voting. A majority of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.Article 141. The World Heritage Committee shall be assisted by a Secretariat appointed by theDirector-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.2. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization, utilizing to the fullest extent possible the services of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in their respective areas of competence and capability, shall prepare the Committee's documentation and the agenda of its meetings and shall have the responsibility for the implementation of its decisions.IV FUND FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 151. A Fund for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of OutstandingUniversal Value, called "the World Heritage Fund", is hereby established.82. The Fund shall constitute a trust fund, in conformity with the provisions of theFinancial Regulations of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:(a) compulsory and voluntary contributions made by States Parties to thisConvention,(b) Contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:States;other(i)(ii) the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,other organizations of the United Nations system, particularly the UnitedNations Development Programme or other intergovernmental organizations;(iii) public or private bodies or individuals;(c) any interest due on the resources of the Fund;(d) funds raised by collections and receipts from events organized for the benefit ofthe fund; and(e) all other resources authorized by the Fund's regulations, as drawn up by the WorldHeritage Committee.4. Contributions to the Fund and other forms of assistance made available to theCommittee may be used only for such purposes as the Committee shall define. The Committee may accept contributions to be used only for a certain programme or project, provided that the Committee shall have decided on the implementation of such programme or project. No political conditions may be attached to contributions made to the Fund.91. Without prejudice to any supplementary voluntary contribution, the States Parties tothis Convention undertake to pay regularly, every two years, to the World Heritage Fund, contributions, the amount of which, in the form of a uniform percentage applicable to all States, shall be determined by the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention, meeting during the sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. This decision of the General Assembly requires the majority of the States Parties present and voting, which have not made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In no case shall the compulsory contribution of States Parties to the Convention exceed 1% of the contribution to the regular budget of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.2. However, each State referred to in Article 31 or in Article 32 of this Convention maydeclare, at the time of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article. 3. A State Party to the Convention which has made the declaration referred to inparagraph 2 of this Article may at any time withdraw the said declaration by notifying the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. However, the withdrawal of the declaration shall not take effect in regard to the compulsory contribution due by the State until the date of the subsequent General Assembly of States parties to the Convention.4. In order that the Committee may be able to plan its operations effectively, thecontributions of States Parties to this Convention which have made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, shall be paid on a regular basis, at least every two years, and should not be less than the contributions which they should have paid if they had been bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.5. Any State Party to the Convention which is in arrears with the payment of itscompulsory or voluntary contribution for the current year and the calendar year immediately preceding it shall not be eligible as a Member of the World Heritage Committee, although this provision shall not apply to the first election.The terms of office of any such State which is already a member of the Committee shall terminate at the time of the elections provided for in Article 8, paragraph 1 of this Convention.10The States Parties to this Convention shall consider or encourage the establishment of national public and private foundations or associations whose purpose is to invite donations for the protection of the cultural and natural heritage as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention.Article 18The States Parties to this Convention shall give their assistance to international fund-raising campaigns organized for the World Heritage Fund under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. They shall facilitate collections made by the bodies mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 15 for this purpose.V. CONDITIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCEArticle 19Any State Party to this Convention may request international assistance for property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage of outstanding universal value situated within its territory. It shall submit with its request such information and documentation provided for in Article 21 as it has in its possession and as will enable the Committee to come to a decision. Article 20Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 13, sub-paragraph (c) of Article 22 and Article 23, international assistance provided for by this Convention may be granted only to property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee has decided, or may decide, to enter in one of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11.Article 211. The World Heritage Committee shall define the procedure by which requests to it forinternational assistance shall be considered and shall specify the content of the request, which should define the operation contemplated, the work that is necessary, the expected cost thereof, the degree of urgency and the reasons why the resources of the State requesting assistance do not allow it to meet all the expenses. Such requests must be supported by experts' reports whenever possible.112. Requests based upon disasters or natural calamities should, by reasons of the urgentwork which they may involve, be given immediate, priority consideration by the Committee, which should have a reserve fund at its disposal against such contingencies.3. Before coming to a decision, the Committee shall carry out such studies andconsultations as it deems necessary.Article 22Assistance granted by the World Heritage Fund may take the following forms:(a) studies concerning the artistic, scientific and technical problems raised by theprotection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage, as defined in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 of this Convention;(b) provisions of experts, technicians and skilled labour to ensure that the approved workis correctly carried out;(c) training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of identification, protection,conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage; (d) supply of equipment which the State concerned does not possess or is not in aposition to acquire;(e) low-interest or interest-free loans which might be repayable on a long-term basis;(f) the granting, in exceptional cases and for special reasons, of non-repayable subsidies. Article 23The World Heritage Committee may also provide international assistance to national or regional centres for the training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage.Article 24International assistance on a large scale shall be preceded by detailed scientific, economic and technical studies. These studies shall draw upon the most advanced techniques for the protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the natural and cultural heritage and shall be consistent with the objectives of this Convention. The studies shall also seek means of making rational use of the resources available in the State concerned.12Article 25As a general rule, only part of the cost of work necessary shall be borne by the international community. The contribution of the State benefiting from international assistance shall constitute a substantial share of the resources devoted to each programme or project, unless its resources do not permit this.Article 26The World Heritage Committee and the recipient State shall define in the agreement they conclude the conditions in which a programme or project for which international assistance under the terms of this Convention is provided, shall be carried out. It shall be the responsibility of the State receiving such international assistance to continue to protect, conserve and present the property so safeguarded, in observance of the conditions laid down by the agreement.PROGRAMMESVI. EDUCATIONALArticle 271. The States Parties to this Convention shall endeavor by all appropriate means, and inparticular by educational and information programmes, to strengthen appreciation and respect by their peoples of the cultural and natural heritage defined in Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention.2. They shall undertake to keep the public broadly informed of the dangers threateningthis heritage and of the activities carried on in pursuance of this Convention.Article 28States Parties to this Convention which receive international assistance under the Convention shall take appropriate measures to make known the importance of the property for which assistance has been received and the role played by such assistance.13。
国际古迹保护与修复宪章
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国际古迹保护与修复宪章(威尼斯宪章)(1964年5月第二届历史古迹建筑师及技师国际会议拟定于威尼斯)世世代代人民的历史古迹,饱含着过去岁月的信息留存至今,成为人们古老的活的见证。
人们越来越意识到人类价值的统一性,并把古代遗迹看作共同的遗产,认识到为后代保护这些古迹的共同责任。
将它们真实地、完整地传下去是我们的职责。
古代建筑的保护与修复知道原则应在国际上得到公认并作出规定,这一点至关重要。
各国在各自的文化和传统范畴内负责实施这一规划。
1933年《雅典宪章》第一次规定了这些基本原则,为一个国际运动的广泛发展做出了贡献。
这一运动所采取的具体形式体现在各国的文件之中,体现在国际博物馆协会和联合国教育、科学及文化组织的工作之中,以及在由后者建立的国际文化财产保护与修复研究中心之中。
一些已经并在继续变得更为复杂和多样化的问题已越来越受到注意,并展开了紧急研究。
现在,重新审阅宪章的时候已经来临,以便对去所含原则进行彻底研究,并在一份新文件中扩大其范围。
为此,1964年5月25日—31日在威尼斯召开了第二届历史古迹建筑师及技师国际会议,通过了以下文本:定义第一条历史古迹的概念不仅包括单个建筑,而且包括能从中找出一种独特的文明、一种有意义的发展或一个历史事件见证的城市或乡村环境。
这不仅适用于伟大的艺术作品,而且亦适用于随时光流逝而获得文化意义的过去一些较为朴实的艺术品。
第二条古迹的保护与修复必须求助于对研究和保护考古遗迹有利的一切科学技术。
宗旨第三条保护与修复古迹的目的旨在把它们既作为历史见证,又作为艺术品予以保护。
保护第四条古迹的保护至关重要的一点在于日常的维护。
第五条为社会公用之目的使用古迹永远有利于古迹的保护。
历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
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第二章、历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
1.遗产保护相关 国际机构简介
与文化遗产保护方面相关的国际机构与组织,可分为 六类:
UNESCO和ICCROM等相关类型的政府间公共组织机 构;
第二章、历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
1.3.3 WHC和OWHC 联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会 (World Heritage Committee) 在联合国教科文组织内,建立了文化遗产和自然遗产 的保护委员会,即世界遗产委员会。 世界遗产委员会成立于1976年11月,由21名成员组成, 负责《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》的实施。
第二章、历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
1.3 TICCIH、 DOCOMOMO
1.3.1 TICCIH
国际产业遗产保护委员会(The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage),1978年在瑞典斯德哥尔摩成立,由产业遗 产领域的各类专家组成,UNESCO世界遗产委员会的咨 询机构之一。
第二章、历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
宪章:
公约: 建议: 宣言:
宪章 (charter)是指国家间关于某一重要国际组织的基本 文件,具有国际条约的性质。一般规定该国际组织的宗 旨、原则、组织机构、职权范围、议事程序以及成员国 的权利义务等,属于多边条约的一种,如《联合国宪 章》、《美洲国家组织宪章》、《非洲统一组织宪章》 等。
公约 (convention) 是条约的一种,通常指国际间为关政治、 经济、文化、技术等重大国际问题而举行国际会议,最 后缔结的多方面的条约。公约通常为开放性的,非缔约 国可以在公约生效前或生效后的任何时候加入。
历史文化遗产保护的国际机构与宪章
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1979年,澳大利亚国家委员会通过《保护具有文化 意义场所的巴拉宪章》 2000年,ICOMOS中国委员会与美国盖蒂保护研究所、 ICOMOS澳大利亚国家委员会合作制定了《中国文物古 迹保护准则》
3.5 建筑宪章中的 保护共识
1.1933年雅典宪章(65-70条)对历史建筑的保护以及 在历史地区的新建筑设计等问题提出有远见的原则建 议。 有历史价值的古建筑均应妥为保存,不可加以破坏。 真能代表某一时期的建筑物,可引起普遍兴趣,可 以教育人民者。 保留其不妨害居民健康者。 在所有可能条件下,将所有干路避免穿行古建筑区, 并使交通不增加拥挤,亦不使妨碍城市有转机的新发 展。 在古建筑附近的贫民窟,如作有计划的清除后,即 可改善附近住宅区的生活环境,并保护该地区居民的 健康。
保护世界文化和自然遗产公约(Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage) 《世界遗产公约》的两方面工作:保护“文化遗产”和“ 自然遗产”。 在联合国教育、科学及文化组织内,现建立一个保护 具有突出的普遍价值的文化和自然遗产政府间委员会, 称为“世界遗产委员会”,委员会应制订、更新和出 版一份《世界遗产目录》,《濒危世界遗产目录》, 并规定该国领土内的文化和自然遗产的确定、保护、 保存、展出和遗传后代,主要是有关国家的责任。 《世界遗产公约》至今已确定分布在138个国家的830 处文化和自然遗产为世界遗产。
2.1977年,《马丘比丘宪章》 城市的个性和特性取决于城市的体型结构和社会特 征。因此不仅要保存和维护好城市的历史遗址和古迹, 而且还要继承一般的文化传统。一切有价值的说明社 会和民族特性的文物必须保护起来。 保护、恢复和重新使用现有历史遗址和古建筑必须 同城市建设过程结合起来,以保证这些文物具有经济 意义并继续具有生命力。 在考虑再生和更新历史地区的过程中,应把优秀设 计质量的当代建筑物包括在内。 3.1999年,《北京宪章》 文化是历史的积淀,存留于城市和建筑中,融会在人 们的生活中,对城市的建造、市民的观念和行为起着 无形的影响,是城市和建筑之魂。
保护世界文化和自然遗产公约PPT文档36页
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36、“不可能”这个字(法语是一个字 ),只 在愚人 的字典 中找得 到。--拿 破仑。 37、不要生气要争气,不要看破要突 破,不 要嫉妒 要欣赏 ,不要 托延要 积极, 不要心 动要行 动。 38、勤奋,机会,乐观是成功的三要 素。(注 意:传 统观念 认为勤 奋和机 会是成 功的要 素,但 是经过 统计学 和成功 人士的 分析得 出,乐 观是成 功的第 三要素 。
23、一切节省,归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰,决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
25、学习是劳动,是充满思想的劳动。——乌申斯基
谢谢!
39、没有不老的誓言,没有不变的承 诺,踏 上旅途 ,义无 反顾。 40、对时间的价值没有没有深切认识 的人, 决不会 坚韧勤 勉。
21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大,也会来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随。——韩愈
(完整版)国际古迹保护与修复宪章
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国际古迹保护与修复宪章(威尼斯宪章)(1964年5月第二届历史古迹建筑师及技师国际会议拟定于威尼斯)世世代代人民的历史古迹,饱含着过去岁月的信息留存至今,成为人们古老的活的见证。
人们越来越意识到人类价值的统一性,并把古代遗迹看作共同的遗产,认识到为后代保护这些古迹的共同责任。
将它们真实地、完整地传下去是我们的职责。
古代建筑的保护与修复知道原则应在国际上得到公认并作出规定,这一点至关重要。
各国在各自的文化和传统范畴内负责实施这一规划。
1933年《雅典宪章》第一次规定了这些基本原则,为一个国际运动的广泛发展做出了贡献。
这一运动所采取的具体形式体现在各国的文件之中,体现在国际博物馆协会和联合国教育、科学及文化组织的工作之中,以及在由后者建立的国际文化财产保护与修复研究中心之中。
一些已经并在继续变得更为复杂和多样化的问题已越来越受到注意,并展开了紧急研究。
现在,重新审阅宪章的时候已经来临,以便对去所含原则进行彻底研究,并在一份新文件中扩大其范围。
为此,1964年5月25日—31日在威尼斯召开了第二届历史古迹建筑师及技师国际会议,通过了以下文本:定义第一条历史古迹的概念不仅包括单个建筑,而且包括能从中找出一种独特的文明、一种有意义的发展或一个历史事件见证的城市或乡村环境。
这不仅适用于伟大的艺术作品,而且亦适用于随时光流逝而获得文化意义的过去一些较为朴实的艺术品。
第二条古迹的保护与修复必须求助于对研究和保护考古遗迹有利的一切科学技术。
宗旨第三条保护与修复古迹的目的旨在把它们既作为历史见证,又作为艺术品予以保护。
保护第四条古迹的保护至关重要的一点在于日常的维护。
第五条为社会公用之目的使用古迹永远有利于古迹的保护。
因此,这种使用合乎需要,但决不能改变该建筑的布局或装饰。
只有在此限度内才可考虑或允许因功能改变而需做的改动。
第六条古迹的保护包含着对一定规模环境的保护。
凡传统环境存在的地方必须予以保存,决不允许任何导致改变主体和颜色关系的新建、拆除或改动。
第二章、历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
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第二章、历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
1.3.2 DOCOMOMO 现代主义运动记录与保护国际组织(International working party for document and conservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods of the modern movement),简称DOCOMOMO,1990年由荷兰的艾恩 德霍文(Eindhoven)成立于巴黎。 DOCOMOMO的使命在于促使与建成环境有关的公众、 当局、专业人士以及教育团体,充分认识到现代运动 的重要意义;鉴别、确定并创设现代运动作品的记录 档案,包括文件记录、草图、照片、档案和其他文档 材料;鼓励开发适合的保护技术与方法,并通过专业 性工作加以推广普及;反对拆除和破坏有意义的现代 建筑作品等。
第二章、历史文化遗产保护的国际宪章
宪章: 宪章 (charter)是指国家间关于某一重要国际组织的基本 文件,具有国际条约的性质。一般规定该国际组织的宗 旨、原则、组织机构、职权范围、议事程序以及成员国 的权利义务等,属于多边条约的一种,如《联合国宪 章》、《美洲国家组织宪章》、《非洲统一组织宪章》 等。 公约 (convention) 是条约的一种,通常指国际间为关政治、 经济、文化、技术等重大国际问题而举行国际会议,最 后缔结的多方面的条约。公约通常为开放性的,非缔约 国可以在公约生效前或生效后的任何时候加入。 建议,通常是指针对一个人或一件事的客观存在,提出 自己的见解或意见,使其具备一定的改革和改良的条件, 使其向着更加良好的、积极的方面去完善和发展。 一般指国家、政府、团体或其领导人为说明自己的政治 纲领、政治主张,或对重大的政治问题表明基本立场和 态度而发表的文件。有时,也以会议名义发表宣言。
第三节 世界历史文化遗产保护宪章
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– 定义 – 选定标准
• 1985年11月进入缔约国 我国的世界文化与自然遗产(到2003年底 为止)下页
中国世界历史文化遗产目录(2003)
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 长城 北京颐和园 秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑 泰山风景名胜区 丽江古城 皖南古村落—西递宏村 江西庐山风景名胜区 四川九寨沟风景名胜区 明清皇家陵寝 承德避暑山庄及周围寺庙 黄山风景区 甘肃敦煌莫高窟 武夷山 都江堰—青城山 北京十三陵 三江并流 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 北京故宫 北京天坛 周口店北京猿人遗址 武陵源风景名胜区 苏州古典园林 西藏拉萨布达拉宫 山西平遥古城 武当山古建筑群 四川黄龙风景名胜区 孔庙、孔府、孔林 重庆大足石刻 峨眉山—乐山大佛 龙门石窟 云冈石窟 南京明孝陵
• 平遥、周庄、同里等 • 香港的保护工作
• 国外经验:法国、英国、日本、美国等世 界各国的保护法规和制度建设
• 百年来的保护理念与历程
– 较早源起欧洲,18世纪中叶。英国古罗马圆形 剧场,欧洲第一个立法保护的古建筑 – 保护与修复,18世纪末期 – 理论化与科学化,19世纪中叶
第二节 当今世界保护历史文化遗产的状况 • 欧洲文化遗产保护的观念变化
第二部分课程性质
• 《历史文化名城保护理论与规划》课 程为城市规划专业方向的专业基础课, 其主要内容是阐述世界各国关于历史 文化遗产保护的历程和法规制度建设; 保护规划设计的理论与方法,以及我 国历史文化名城保护的历史、演进、 保护规划的编制。
目的和要求
• 使学习者初步了解国内外历史文化遗产保 护的观念,发展历程以及主要理论,对我 国历史文化名城保护的发展过程有全面系 统的认识,对历史文化名城、历史地段、 文物保护的内容和方法建立全面和系统的 知识体系,并初步掌握历史文化名城保护 规划的编制要点、编制和审批程序,为专 业课程的学习打好理论基础,以便更好地 从事城市规划设计和城市规划管理工作。
《世界遗产公约》及相关组织ppt课件
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菲莱神庙
6
一 • 由来 二 • 概念 三 • 公约 四 • 组织 五 • 标志
7
一 • 由来 二 • 概念 三 • 公约 四 • 组织 五 • 标志
“遗产”(Legacy,inheritance, heritage)指传承于过去的财富 。
“世界遗产” 是指被联合国教科文 组织和世界遗产委员会确认的人类罕见 的、目前无法替代的财富,是全人类公 认的具有突出意义和普遍价值的文物古 迹及自然景观。
联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会
战略目标(简称为“5 C”): 4. 通过宣传(Communication)增
强大众对世界遗产保护的认识、参与和 支持。
5. 增强社区(Communities)在 《公约》实施过程中的作用
24
宪章文本
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在立法上,法国在184C年就颁布了“历史性建筑法案》,1962年颁布了保护历史地段的《马尔罗法令》,而中国却没有一个相关的保护城市历史建筑和历史街区的法规。
目前执行的《文物保护法》只针对单个的文物个体。
因此,一些地方的古城全被拆光了。
中国推行的城市改造的建设方针,使城市“现代”了,却把优秀的城市历史文化遗产给破坏了。
阮仪三:前面讲过了需加快史化遗产保护立法与教育的问题。
还有保护理念的问题。
以中国的传统历史建筑为例,这些建筑以砖木结构为主,使用寿命就是五六十年,往往因为超负荷使用,年久失修成为了危房。
于是它们就在“不破不立”的思维下成为'广“城市改造”的目标,拆光旧房建新房,搞得“干城一貌”。
这就是文化遗产保护的理念问题。
在欧洲,人家是“旧城复兴”或“旧城更新”,而我们是“旧城改造”。
《国际古迹保护及修复宪章》(雅典宪章)二次大战后,针对战后重建问题在联合国教科文组织倡导下,先后成立了国际文物工作者理事会(简称ICOM)及保护和修复文物国际研究中心(简称ICCROM)。
1964年ICOM在威尼斯召开会议通过了《国际古迹保护与修复宪章》即著名的《威尼斯宪章》,强调:“世世代代人民的历史古迹,饱含着过去岁月的信息留存至今,成为人们古老的活的见证。
人们越来越意识到人类价值的统一性,并把古代遗迹看作共同的遗产,认识到为后代保护这些古迹的共同责任。
将它们真实地、完整地传下去是我们的职责。
古代建筑的保护与修复指导原则应在国际上得到公认并作出规定,这一点至关重要。
”宪章提出以下一些重要概念,促成了60年代末、70年代初世界范围内城市历史建筑和遗产保护的国际潮流的出现。
①历史古迹的概念不仅包括单个建筑物,而且包括能从中找出一种独特的文明、一种有意义的发展或一个历史事件见证的城市或乡村环境。
这不仅适用于伟大的艺术作品,而且还适用于随时光的流逝而获得文化意义的过去一些较为朴实的艺术品。
②古迹的保护至关重要的一点在于日常维护,保护与修复的目的旨在把它们既作为历史见证,又作为艺术品予以保护。
【教学课件】12《世界文化遗产的保护和可持续发展》[可修改版ppt]
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展》
世界文化遗产的保护和利用
知识结构
人们认识历史文化的教科书
世界文化遗产 的价值
不同民族、不同国家进行交流,互相学习的 宝贵资源
世 界
学术研究的重要资源
文
化 遗
保护原则
产
的
真实性 完整性
范围的完整性 文化概念上的完整性
保
护
和 严峻形势 (自然灾害;战争;过度开发;工业化和城市化)
思考:为什么各级政府都非常重视文化遗产的申报和保护?
一、世界文化遗产的价值
1、人们认识历史文化的教科书
2、不同民族、不同国家进行交流,互相学习的宝贵资源 3、学术研究的重要资源
二、体验:美丽的济公传说 丰富的民俗风物
三、世界文化遗产保护原则
文化遗产的真实性: 是指遗产产生时以及后来形成的各种特征,包括形式与设计、材料与 实施、利用与影响、传统与技术、位置与环境、精神与感受。
文化遗产的完整性: 一是指范围上的完整性,要尽可能的保持遗产组织与结构及其周围 环境的完整。 二是指文化概念上的完整性,要尽可能的保持遗产地理位置上互相 连接的相关部分,完整地体现其文化价值。
文化遗产范围上的完整性
北京过去的城墙
镜头1:北京城蕴含着厚重的历史文化,在城市化的过程中,因为没有处理好 保护与开发的关系,她失去了作为一个完整的历史文化名城申报世界遗产的 资格。
镜头2:由于“干漆夹苎”工艺只限于民间工匠师承相传,历史上未能形成较大的制作规 模。解放前,由于战乱不断,民不聊生,民间的“干漆夹苎”,工艺的工匠纷纷改行,使 得这门工艺处于冷落状况。
思考:文化遗产渐趋消失的原因有哪些?当文化遗产消失,意味着什么……
(中英文对照版)保护世界文化和自然遗产公约
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保护世界文化和自然遗产公约联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会第十七届会议于1972年11月16日在巴黎通过的《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》。
保护世界文化和自然遗产公约联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会于1972年10月17日至11月21日在巴黎举行的第十七届会议,注意到文化遗产和自然遗产越来越受到破坏的威胁,一方面因年久腐变所致,同时,变化中的社会和经济条件使情况恶化,造成更加难以对付的损害或破坏现象,考虑到任何文化或自然遗产的坏变或消失都构成使世界各国遗产枯竭的有害影响,考虑到国家一级保护这类遗产的工作往往不很完善,原因在于这项工作需要大量手段,以及应予保护的财产的所在国不具备充足的经济、科学和技术力量,回顾本组织《组织法》规定,本组织将通过确保世界遗产得到保存和保护以及建议有关国家订立必要的国际公约来维护、增进和传播知识,考虑到现有关于文化财产和自然财产的国际公约、建议和决议表明,保护不论属于哪国人民的这类罕见且无法替代的财产,对全世界人民都很重要,考虑到某些文化遗产和自然遗产具有突出的重要性,因而需作为全人类世界遗产的一部分加以保存,考虑到鉴于威胁这类遗产的新危险的规模和严重性,整个国际社会有责任通过提供集体性援助来参与保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产;这种援助尽管不能代替有关国家采取的行动,但将成为它的有效补充,考虑到为此有必要通过采用公约形式的新规定,以便为集体保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产建立一个依据现代科学方法组织的永久性的有效制度,在大会第十六届会议上曾决定就此问题制订一项国际公约,于1972年11月16日通过本公约。
Ⅰ、文化遗产和自然遗产的定义第一条为实现本公约的宗旨,下列各项应列为“文化遗产”:古迹:从历史、艺术或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑物、碑雕和碑画、具有考古性质的成份或构造物、铭文、窟洞以及景观的联合体;建筑群:从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样、分布均匀或与环境景色结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的单立或连接的建筑群;遗址:从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人的联合工程以及包括有考古地址的区域。
最新(中英文对照版)保护世界文化和自然遗产公约资料
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保护世界文化和自然遗产公约联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会第十七届会议于1972年11月16日在巴黎通过的《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》。
保护世界文化和自然遗产公约联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会于1972年10月17日至11月21日在巴黎举行的第十七届会议,注意到文化遗产和自然遗产越来越受到破坏的威胁,一方面因年久腐变所致,同时,变化中的社会和经济条件使情况恶化,造成更加难以对付的损害或破坏现象,考虑到任何文化或自然遗产的坏变或消失都构成使世界各国遗产枯竭的有害影响,考虑到国家一级保护这类遗产的工作往往不很完善,原因在于这项工作需要大量手段,以及应予保护的财产的所在国不具备充足的经济、科学和技术力量,回顾本组织《组织法》规定,本组织将通过确保世界遗产得到保存和保护以及建议有关国家订立必要的国际公约来维护、增进和传播知识,考虑到现有关于文化财产和自然财产的国际公约、建议和决议表明,保护不论属于哪国人民的这类罕见且无法替代的财产,对全世界人民都很重要,考虑到某些文化遗产和自然遗产具有突出的重要性,因而需作为全人类世界遗产的一部分加以保存,考虑到鉴于威胁这类遗产的新危险的规模和严重性,整个国际社会有责任通过提供集体性援助来参与保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产;这种援助尽管不能代替有关国家采取的行动,但将成为它的有效补充,考虑到为此有必要通过采用公约形式的新规定,以便为集体保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产建立一个依据现代科学方法组织的永久性的有效制度,在大会第十六届会议上曾决定就此问题制订一项国际公约,于1972年11月16日通过本公约。
Ⅰ、文化遗产和自然遗产的定义第一条为实现本公约的宗旨,下列各项应列为“文化遗产”:古迹:从历史、艺术或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑物、碑雕和碑画、具有考古性质的成份或构造物、铭文、窟洞以及景观的联合体;建筑群:从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样、分布均匀或与环境景色结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的单立或连接的建筑群;遗址:从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人的联合工程以及包括有考古地址的区域。