自译的维特根斯坦的逻辑哲学论

维特根斯坦的逻辑哲学论

1.facts=what is the case，已发生的事例

2.things=头脑中认定的事物

3.case=事例

4.state of affair=事情状态？（表象的，事儿？）

5.logic space=逻辑空间

6.object=对象

7.form=形式

8.situation=

用字做例子.

1 The world is all that is the case.

世界是由发生过的事例组成的。

1.1 The world is the totality of facts, not of things.

世界是事实的集合，而非事物的集合

1.11 The world is determined by the facts, and by their being all the facts.

世界是由事实们，以及事实们本身的存在决定的。

1.12 For the totality of facts determines what is the case, and also whatever is not the case.

事实们的集合决定了发生过的事例和所有其他未发生的事例。

1.13 The facts in logical space are the world.

在逻辑空间里的事实们就是世界

1.2 The world divides into facts.

世界被分割为事实们。

1.21 Each item can be the case or not the case while everything else remains the same.

每一件事实都可以是发生或未发生的事例，同时独立于其他的事实。

2 What is the case—a fact—is the existence of states of affairs.

发生过的事例，即一种事实，是事态存在证明。

2.01 A state of affairs (a state of things) is a combination of objects (things). /5/

事情状态是事物的混合状态。

2.011 It is essential to things that they should be possible constituents of states of affairs.

对事物的本质来说，他们必须由事情状态合理地来组成。

2.012 In logic nothing is accidental: if a thing can occur in a state of affairs, the possibility of the state of affairs

must be written into the thing itself.

在逻辑里，没有事物是偶然的：如果一件事物可以在事态中发生，那么事态的可能性就将被写在事物本身里。

2.0121

It would seem to be a sort of accident, if it turned out that a situation would fit a thing that could already exist entirely on its own.

如果最后证明一个事态可以和一个已经完全独立存在的事物结合，那么看做是一种偶然。

If things can occur in states of affairs, this possibility must be in them from the beginning.

(Nothing in the province of logic can be merely possible. Logic deals with every possibility and all possibilities are its facts.)

如果事物能在事态中出现，那么这个可能性一定是从一开始就存在于他们之间（中）的。（在逻辑的世界里，没有事物仅仅是可能的。逻辑是关于每一种可能性，并且所有的可能性都是可能性的事实。）Just as we are quite unable to imagine spatial objects outside space or temporal objects outside time, so too there is no object that we can imagine excluded from the possibility of combining with others. If I can imagine objects combined in states of affairs, I cannot imagine them excluded from the possibility of such combinations.

就像我们没有办法想象空间外的空间物体,或者时间外的时空物体,同理, 我们也完全无法想象被在与与其他事物结合的事物排除.如果可以想象出与事物状态结合的事物, 那么我将想象不出他们被从可能的这些结合里排除.

2.0122

Things are independent in so far as they can occur in all possible situations, but this form of independence is a form of connection with states of affairs, a form of dependence. (It is impossible for words to appear in two different roles: by themselves, and in propositions.)

只要会在所有可能的情况下发生, 事物是独立的, 但这种形式的独立是一种与事物状态联系的独立, 一种依赖的形式.(词语是不可能出现在两种不同的角色里: 他们自己的,和他们主张的.)

2.0123

If I know an object I also know all its possible occurrences in states of affairs.

(Every one of these possibilities must be part of the nature of the object.)

A new possibility cannot be discovered later.

如果我知道一件事物,那么就也就知道它所有可能发生的事物状态

(每种可能都应该是事物本性的一部分)

新的可能是不会在后来才发现的.

2.01231

If I am to know an object, though I need not know its external properties, I must know all its internal