EQ1090载货汽车变速器设计说明书

EQ1090载货汽车变速器设计说明书

变速器是汽车的要紧组成部分,其功能是改变传动比、改变驱动轮的扭矩和转动方向。变速器能在发动机旋转方向不变的前提下，使汽车倒退行驶，而且利用挡位能够中断动力的传递。因此变速器的结构设计的合理性直截了当阻碍到汽车动力性和经济性。设计要求达到换挡迅速、省力、方便、有较高的工作效率、工作噪声低。因此变速器在汽车中得到广泛应用。

本次设计的是东风EQ1090载货型汽车变速器。它的布置方案采纳三轴式5+1挡和锁销式同步器换挡，并对倒挡齿轮和拨叉进行合理布置，其中一轴和第二轴的轴线在同一直线上。这种布置形式缩短了变速器轴向尺寸，在保证挡数不变的情形下，减少齿轮数目，从而使变速器结构更加紧凑。

第一利用已知参数确定各挡传动比，然后确定齿轮的模数、压力角、齿宽等参数。由中心矩确定箱体的长度、高度和中间轴及二轴的轴径，然后对中间轴和各挡齿轮进行校核，并利用MATLAB软件对中间轴的校核进行编程，验证各部件选取的可靠性。最后绘制装配图及零件图。

设计结论讲明，变速器齿轮及各轴尺寸确定，各轴强度的校核满足设计要求，设计结构合理。

关键词：货车；变速器；设计；同步器

Abstract.

Gearbox is the key part of the automobile. It is used to change the transmission ratio, torque and running direction of the driving wheel. It can change the vehicle speed and tyre torque in a big scope, cut off the power transfer from the engine, and also provides a reverse traveling direction for the vehicle. Therefore, the reasonability of the structure design of a transmission gearbox directly affects the vehicle's dynamic performance. It is usually required shifting gears rapidly and conveniently, saving force, and having a higher working efficiency and low working noises.

This thesis designed a manual transmission gearbox of theEQ1090ruck. A scheme of structure with three shafts, 5+1shifts and synchronizer adopted here, Combine to pour to block wheel gear and stir fork to carry on a reasonable decoration .where the first and second shafts were arranged in line. This kind of structure reduces the gearbox dimension in the axis direction, In assurance block to count under the constant circumstance, decrease wheel gear number. therefore makes the designed transmission gearbox more compact.

Using the given basic parameters, it was firstly determined the transmission ratio of each shift, the shaft center distances, the gear modulus, the gear pressing angles and widths, and so on. And then the general dimension of the gearbox, including its length, width and height. The stresses of the intermediate shaft and the gears were validated by using both the calculator and a self-made MATLAB program. Finally,some engineering drawings were carried out.

The calculated results show: the determined dimensions and stresses of the designed gears and shafts satisfied the design requirements; the adopted structure is reasonable.

Key words: automobile；gearbox；design；synchronizer

目录

第1章绪论 (1)

1.1变速器的简介 (1)

1.2变速器的功用 (1)

第2章变速器设计方案及论证 (3)

2.1变速器的要求 (3)

2.2变速器的设计方法论证 (3)

第3章变速器设计方案论证 (5)

3.1变速器差不多参数的确定 (5)

3.1.1轴的直径的初步确定 (5)

3.2齿轮参数的设计 (6)

第4章变速器各档齿轮的校核 (14)

4.1齿轮弯曲应力的运算 (14)

4.1.1二轴一倒挡直齿轮Z5校核 (14)

4.1.2二轴二挡斜齿轮Z4校核 (15)

4.1.4二轴三挡斜齿轮Z

校核 (15)

3

4.2齿轮接触应力运算 (16)

4.2.1 二轴一挡直齿轮Z7校核 (16)

4.2.2 二轴倒挡直齿轮Z

校核 (17)

10

4.2.3 二轴二挡斜齿轮Z

校核 (17)

5

4.2.4 二轴三挡斜齿轮Z

校核 (18)

3

第五章变速器第二轴的校核 (19)

5.1轴的直径的初步确定 (19)

5.2变速器轴的校核 (19)

5.2.1第二轴的刚度校核 (20)

5.2.2第二轴的强度校核 (22)

第6章同步器的设计 (24)

6.1同步器的功用 (24)

6.2同步器的种类 (24)

6.3同步器的参数的确定 (25)

6.3.1摩擦因数 (25)