高考英语阅读理解说明文5篇
高考英语说明文5篇
1
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1. What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.
B. Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work.
C. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D. A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
2. According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A. Challenging mental work.
B. Unpleasant emotions.
C. Endless tasks.
D. Physical labor
3. What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?
A. He agrees with them.
B. He doubts them.
C. He argues against them.
D. He hesitates to accept them.
4. We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ________.
A. have some good food.
B. enjoy their work
C. exercise regularly
D. discover fatigue toxins
2
They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert （警觉）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视） starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise （同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
5. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s__.
A. sense of hearing
B. sense of sight
C. sense of touch
D. sense of smell
6. Babies are sensitive to the change in______.
A. the size of cards
B. the colour of pictures
C. the shape of patterns
D. the number of objects
7. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies’interest.
8. Where does this text probably come from?
A. Science fiction.
B. Children’s literature.
C. An advertisement.
D.
A science report
3
Last night’s meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothsclild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
“My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointments.”
Astronomers---scientists who study stars and planets----have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association. “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”
Countless more animals casualties(伤亡）result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase person’s chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell
Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.
9.It happened last night that
A. the city’s lights affected the meteor watching
B. the meteors flew past before being noticed
C. the city light show attracted many people
D. the meteor watching ended up a social outing
10. What do the astronomers complain about?
A. Meteor showers occur less often than before
B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair
C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years
D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting
11. What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?
A. Birds may take other migration paths
B. Animals living habits may change suddenly
C. Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced
D. Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting
12. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to
A. Lessen the chance of getting cancer
B. create an ideal observation condition
C. ensure citizens a good sleep at night
D. enable all creatures to live in harmony
13.What message does the author most want to give us?
A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves
B. Great efforts should be made to save energy
C. Human activities should be environmentally friendly
D. New equipment should be introduced for space study
4
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know，however，that they existed over 5,500years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5，100 years old. Evidence suggests that
wheels for transport didn't become popular for .while, though . This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of road--a base layer (层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller atones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the Wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(泊油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.
14. What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time?
A. Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B. Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C. Animals were a good means of transport.
D. The existence of transport wheels was not known.
15.What do we know about road design from the passage?
A. It was easier than wheel design.
B. It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C. It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.
D. It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
16. How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following time order.
D. By making classifications.
17. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The beginning of road deaign.
B. The development of transport wheels.
C. The history of public transport.
D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
5
Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.
Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.
The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “ Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume(戏装), but finally she agreed.
The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.
The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, “If you can dream it, you can do it.”
It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.
18. What do we know about Tom?
A. He was seriously ill.
B. He was a dishonest boy.
C. He was crazy about magic.
D. He was Dr. Epstein’s patient.
19. What can be inferred about Tom’s mother?
A. She was a rich lady.
B. She refused Tom’s request.
C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero.
D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain.
20. When Tom went for the third operation, he_________.
A. pretended to be painful
B. acted like a superhero
C. appeared in poor spirits
D. argued with his mother
21. In the last paragraph, you are advised________.
A. to go through some difficult tests
B. to wake up from your wild
dreams
C. to become a powerful person in your mind
D. to wear expensive clothes for job interviews
22. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To tell us an interesting story.
B. To help us make right decisions.
C. To advise us to care about children.
D. To encourage us to use our imagination.
2020年高考英语阅读七选五专练(一) (9)
阅读七选五专练(四) 授课提示：对应学生用书115页 Test 1 [2019·昆明市高三复习诊断] How to Win Votes in a School Election In many ways, school elections are just like elections anywhere else. __1__ You will also need to work hard to make sure people know who you are and why they should vote for you. ●Decide what position to run for.__2__ Make sure you know what the position does, and what you will be able to do once you get there. There are limits to what you can do while in office, so knowing your responsibilities can keep you from making foolish campaign promises that you can't keep. ●__3__ Talk to your friends about running, make sure they think it is a good idea, and ask for their help in running. You won't be able to do this alone. It looks good if the people who know you best will vote for you. Your network can also help with more practical activities, such as designing and making posters and encouraging their classmates to vote for you. ●Advertise yourself. You and your campaign team should make posters, T-shirts, and other items that will let other students learn your name even if you don't get to talk to them.__4__ ●Encourage people to vote. Sometimes the hardest thing is actually getting people to participate in the election. __5__ Get people familiar with you so that they trust you enough to give you their vote. A．Create a network. B．Argue with people. C．Therefore, they will eventually vote for someone else. D．Speak to as many people as you can throughout the school. E．Student organizations have many offices with different responsibilities. F．To win over voters, you need to reach out to as many voters as possible. G．The most important is to include your name and the position on everything you make.
高三二轮英语说明文阅读及技巧
Work sheet for reading expository articles说明文阅读理解学案 Reading guide In-class reading Passage 1 ①A Chinese scientist, He Jiankui of Southern University of Science and Technology, claimed in a video on Nov. 25, 2018 that he had used CRISPR-Cas9 to edit embryos for seven couples, with two twin girls resulting so far. He said his goal was to try to make the babies resistant to HIV. What's behind the creation? ②As he said, the tool He Jiankui used to create the babies is called CRISPR-Cas9—a gene-editing tool that has been discovered in recent years. This relatively easy way to edit genes makes it possible to operate on DNA to supply a needed gene or disable one that is causing problems. ③CRISPR is a guide molecule (分子) made of RNA, which targets a specific site on the DNA double helix (双螺旋). CRISPR is attached to Cas9, a bacterial enzyme(酶) that works as a pair of "molecular scissors" to cut the DNA at the exact point required. He Jiankui sought to disable a gene called CCR5 that forms a protein doorway that allows HIV, the virus that causes Aids, to enter a cell. ④He said the gene editing occurred during the following process. First, sperm was “washed” to separate it from semen, in which HIV can hide. Next, a single sperm was placed into a single egg to create an embryo. Then the gene-editing tool was added. Is this helpful? ⑤“I believe this is going to help the families and their children,” He Jiankui said. “Society will decide what to do next in terms of allowing or forbidding such science.” ⑥However, many mainstream scientists think it's too unsafe to try. “If true, this experiment is monstrous,” said Julian Savulescu, a professor of practical ethics at the University of Oxford. “Gene editing is experimental and capable of causing social and ethical problems.” 1. What is the purpose of the passage? 2. What do the underlined "that" in paragraph 3 refer to respectively? 3. What does the word “monstrous” mean in the last paragraph? 4. Which of the following statement is true? A. CRISPR-Cas9 was used in the first step of the creation. B. CRISPR made of a bacterial enzyme is used to edit certain genes. C. CCR5 is a protein that allows HIV to enter a cell. D. The chosen sperm should be processed first to avoid HIV virus. 5. What is the attitude of Professor Julian Savulescu mentioned in the last paragraph towards the claimed creation? 6. What is the author's attitude towards the claimed creation?
英语说明文阅读技巧
高考英语说明文阅读技巧 潍坊七中郑秀春2011年7月17日 12:19 “英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的 语意理解。 一、说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who→what→when→where→how→why。 1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。 二．说明文阅读理解的类型掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种： 1. 细节理解题 说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用first(1y)、second(1y)、third(1y)finally、not only…but also、then、in addition 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。 细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。 2. 语义猜测题说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以the underlined part “…” in paragraph…refers to….或what does the underlined word mean?或what is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明
[高考英语说明文的阅读理解]高考英语说明文的阅读技巧
[高考英语说明文的阅读理解]高考英语说明文的阅读技巧 【--高考祝福语】 高考英语说明文阅读技巧“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
一、说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。 1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。 二．说明文阅读理解的类型掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种： 1. 细节理解题 说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y)、Second(1y)、Third(1y)Finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处
2016-2017高考英语二轮复习专题二“七选五”阅读训练1说明文(一)(含解析)
专题二“七选五”阅读 训练1 说明文(一) A There are certain steps you can take to relieve the damage done by some of the previously mentioned reading problems.__1__Be sure to use and practice them as you read. Take breaks. Remember tiredness can lead to all of the health problems and to other problems as well.If you do not rest your mind，you will likely get tired and it will cost you points. __2__ You can mark your place either by pointing to each word as you read it，or by placing a sheet of paper underneath the line you are reading.Pointing to each word with a pencil or your finger helps your eyes see where they should be reading.Placing a piece of paper under the line helps you to move smoothly from one line to the next. Read aloud. __3__ If you must remain silent，whisper the words to yourself，or mouth the words，and say them in your head.It is important that you actually hear the sounds，even if you only hear them in your imagination.This multisensory approach allows you to see，hear，and feel what you are reading.Reading aloud should help you stay focused，understand better and remember what you are reading. __4__ If you are thinking about what is important enough to write down，you will pay more attention to the reading.__5__It will also help you process the main point of the passage and improve the possibility that you will remember things.In addition，the notes you take are a record of the passage that you can refer back to if you do forget elements. A．Take notes. B．Highlight text. C．Trace your place. D．This will keep your mind from wandering. E．Notes about the entire passage should be written.
2019高考英语阅读理解说明文答题方法
2019高考英语阅读理解说明文答题方法 1.文体概述 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、科学小品等。 2.说明文题材 题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。如：介绍科学领域的最新成果、机器的制造过程、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。 3.说明顺序 时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。 4.说明方法 为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，常用下列说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。
5.结构特点 1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述； 2)现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。 6.语言特点 高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大。7.说明文阅读理解的特征 英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who →What→When→Where→How→Why。 1) Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2) What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3) When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4) How：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5) Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 8.阅读方法 阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意： 1) 注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。
说明文阅读题及答案
说明文 一、阅读下面的文字．完成7—1 O题。(1 1分) ①传统的石化能源正在一天天的减少，同时全球还有20亿人得不到正常的能源供应。这个时候，全世界都把目光投向了可再生能源，希望可再生能源能够改变人类的能源结构，维持长远的可持续发展。太阳能是当前既可获得能量，又能减少二氧化碳等有害气体和有害物质排放的可再生能源之一。越来越多的国家开始实行“阳光计划”，开发太阳能能源。如美国的“光伏建筑计划”、欧洲的“百万屋顶光伏计划”、日本的“朝日计划”以及我国已开展的“光明工程”等。②太阳能每秒钟到达地球的能量达1．7×l O14千瓦，如果我们把地球表面O．1％的太阳能转为电能，转变率5％，每年发电量即可望达到7．4×1 O13千瓦时，相当于目前全世界能耗的40倍。因此，太阳能资源是非常丰富的能源，取之不尽，用之不竭，是人类能够自由利用的重要能源。 ③资料显示，我国大部分地区太阳能资源丰富，太阳能资源开发潜力巨大。全国总面积2／3以上地区年日照时数大于2000小时，理论储量达每年17000亿吨标准煤。大多数地区年平均日辐射量在每平方米4千瓦时以上，陆地面积每年接受的太阳能辐射相当于上万个三峡工程发电量的总和。 ④太阳能开发成本低廉，前景广阔。近十年来，我国的太阳能利用产业得到快速发展。特别是太阳能热水器，已初步形成较为完善的产业体系。据预测，今后l 5年内，太阳能热水器将以20％左右的速度增长，全国城乡家庭使用太阳能热水器的户数将达总户数的25％。随着太阳能利用方式研究的发展，太阳能空调也已经有了较为成熟的产品，有望今年走进百姓生活。太阳能路灯、太阳能手机、太阳能无冲洗卫生间等一系列太阳能产品正处于开发应用阶段。现在我国成了石油净进口国，对太阳能发电有了很大的需求。目前，我们国家已制定了相关政策，鼓励把太阳能作为替代能源。相信在不久的将来，“到处阳光到处电”将成为我们的生活现实。 1．与传统的石化能源相比，太阳能资源有哪些明显的优势? (3分) 2．作者在②③两段中列举了大量数据，目的是什么? (2分) 3．语言的准确性是说明文最重要的特征之一。请从文章两处加点的词语中任选一处，写出它的表达效果。(3分)
高考英语专题复习阅读七选五说明文(Ⅱ)限时练
阅读七选五——说明文(Ⅱ) A You're growing up.That means you're probably experiencing lots of changes，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And it's good! Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling. 2 But it's partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings. Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3 ●Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress. ● 4 When you feel your moods swinging or you're upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer. ●Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，you'll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing. A．Take a timeout. B．But the truth is，it happens to every teen. C．Work out regularly to keep physically fit. D．This changing is needed for your body's development. E．It will help you fall asleep—and start the morning right. F．Here are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother. G．Usually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年如何应对成长过程中的一些变化。 1．B[由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空处在这里起承上启下的作用，所以选B项。] 2．D[由空前一句可知，荷尔蒙的水平一直在不断地改变，忽高忽低；D项中的“This changing”与空前的“change”相对应，所以选D项。] 3．F[空前的“an emotional roller coaster”与F项中的“make the ride smoother”相对应，且由下文列举的几个要点可知，F项符合文意。] 4．A[由本段中的“一些安静的时间将使你集中精神，安静下来”可知，A项正确。]
高考英语阅读理解()(说明文)
Day 7阅读理解(7)(说明文) Passage 1 文体：说明文词数：403 限时：8分钟Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners. One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine(跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot(赤脚). Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels. The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine. The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland. They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always
2016中考说明文阅读试题(带答案)(一)
2016中考说明文阅读试题（一） 【2016·A卷】（二）阅读下面的文章，完成18—22题。（20分） 笑，不苦口的良药梁姗姗 ①医学研究证明，笑具有激活人体某些基因的功能。人们通常认为，基因是恒定不变的。但事实上很多基因常常处于休眠状态，或者没有积极地制造蛋白质，通过某种形式的刺激，可以把它们唤醒，笑就是其中一种刺激。 ②斯坦福大学研究人员曾经对心脏病患者做了一次测试。研究人员首先找来20名心脏病患者，观看半小时分别取自喜剧和悲剧的两部影片片段，两次观看的间隔时间在 8 个小时。然后，通过超声波测量患者肱①动脉的血液流速，结果 20 人中有14人在看过令人痛苦的电影片段后，血流速度放缓，但在观看电影中的搞笑片段后，有 19 人血流加速。最后，对患者进行的心电图测试表明，患者观看悲剧电影时对心脏血流速度产生的影响，类似于做心算的影响；而观看喜剧电影相当于进行了一次有氧运动。 ③人生来就会笑，但很少有人知道，人持续大笑 100 次，对心脏的血液循环和肺功能的锻炼，相当于划 10 分钟船的运动效果。只要发笑，嘴角和颧②骨部位的肌肉便跟着运动，将嘴和两眼向上提拉。这种面部按摩，可以阻止面部线条下坠。每笑一声，从面部到腹部约．有 80 块肌肉参与运动，不仅具有减少皱纹的功效，还是一种有效的减肥方式。笑，不正是一种保持青春的美容操 ．．．吗？ ④不仅如此，笑还是一种最为简单而有效的健身运动。开怀大笑时，随着呼吸肌群的运动，使胸腔和支气管先后扩，增强了换气量和血氧饱和度，有助于心脏供氧。笑作为一种有效的深呼吸运动，已被越来越多的人们所认识。大笑伴随着腹部肌群的起伏，又是一种极好的腹肌运动。腹肌在大笑中强烈地收缩和震荡，不仅有助于把血液挤入胸腔静脉，改善心肌供血，对胃、肠、肝、脾、胰等脏器也是一种极好的按摩。一一弛之间，使劳累的肌肉在运动中得以放松。 ⑤生活需要笑声，的确，每一个人都需要放缓脚步，静观周围美好的事物，凝神谛听大自然的天籁，让绷紧的脸庞舒缓，皱紧的眉宇打开，让微笑在脸上绽放，才能融解人们彼此之间的冰霜和风寒。引人发笑或是接受别人开的玩笑，这意味着你掌握了社会密码，它可以帮助你解决争端，使别人接受你的想法，从而更好地融入集体。通过微笑促进人类心理健康，在人与人之间传递愉悦与友善，增进社会和谐。 ⑥笑虽然不用花钱买，不必向人借，却需要“投入”。常和爱笑的人相处，置身其中立马受到感染；注意搜集整理引人发笑的笑话、幽默等资料，品味其间自是忍俊不禁；只要有时间，尽可能去欣赏喜剧、相声之类让人发笑的艺术，使自己多笑几声。 ⑦朋友，今天你微笑了吗？（摘选自《大众科学》，有删改） 【注释】①肱：gōng 胳膊上从肩到肘的部分，也泛指胳膊。②颧：huán 眼睛下边两腮上面突出的骨头。 18. 为什么说“笑”是“不苦口的良药”？请结合全文说说理由。（3分） 19.请概括第②段对心脏病患者的测试过程，并指出所采用的说明顺序。（4分） 测试过程： 说明顺序： 20.第③段划线句除列数据外，还用了哪种说明方法？请具体说说它的作用。（4分） 21.请从说明文语言的角度，分析下面句中加点词语的表达效果。（5分） （1）每笑一声，从面部到腹部约．有 80 块肌肉参与运动…… （2）笑，不正是一种保持青春的美容操 ．．．吗？
2020高考英语专题训练《阅读填空七选五说明文》含答案解析
2020年高考英语专题训练 阅读理解阅读填空七选五说明文 (一) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What Is Particulate Matter? There are things floating around in the air. Most of them, you cannot even see. They are a kind of air pollution called particles or particulate matter. In fact, particulate matter may be the air pollutant that most commonly affects people’s health. Have a Look. Particles can come in almost any shape or size, and can be solid particles or liquid droplets. _____1_____ These groups differ in many ways. One of the differences is size, we call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5. BIG. The big particles are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (from about 25 to 100 times thinner than a human hair). These particles are called PM 10 (we say “PM ten”, which stands for Particulate Matter up to 10 micrometers in size). _____2_____ SMALL. The small particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (100 times thinner than a human hair). _____3_____ We say “PM two point five”, as in Particulate Matte r up to 2.5 micrometers in size. The smaller particles are lighter and they stay in the air longer and travel farther. PM 10 (big) particles can stay in the air for minutes or hours while PM 2.5 (small) particles can stay in the air for days or weeks. And travel? _____4_____ PM 2.5 particles go even farther; many hundreds of miles. Particulate Matter and Your Health. Both PM 10 (big) and PM 2.5 (small) particles can cause health problems, specifically respiratory (呼吸的) health. When you breathe, you take in the air along with any particles that are in the air, like heavy metals and cancer causing organic compounds. _____5_____ Exposure to particulate matter leads to increased use of medication and more visits to the doctor or emergency room. A. Both visible and invisible air pollutants have great effects on our environment, our health, and the quality of our lives.
2020年高考英语说明文写作
2020年高考英语说明文写作 1.阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。 In 1878, when Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, she was stating that there was no consistent（never changing）view on beauty. Standards of beauty change across time and cultural groups. Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time. So it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. In 19th-century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy. Men would wear woolen shawls across their shoulders. It is hard to imagine that they would be seen as attractive in the 21st century. Nowadays, in the western world, one in every ten people has a tattoos or a form of body art. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized. In contemporary society, culture remains a major part in determining our ideas of beauty. In some countries, young women follow slimming diets to lose extra kilos in preparation for their wedding day. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at all—rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. Life long commitment and, indeed, the survival of society itself rely on people seeing beauty in difference and depth. The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. Physical beauty must also be accompanied by an attraction to something deeper within a person. This particular kind of attraction is found in a wide range of personal qualities, e.g. kindness, warmth, a healthy conscience, etc. judging the appeal of a person's inner beauty is much more subjective. It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty. Beauty, therefore, has more than one dimension. We are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. Beauty is certainly in the eye of the beholder. 2.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Fisherman Salvador was just trying to make a living on the sea with fellow fisherman Cordoba. Two days into the journey, disaster struck, and the two men would begin the greatest challenge of their lives. The boat was loaded with tons of provisions, including 70 gallons of gasoline, 16 gallons of water, 50 Ibs of sar - dines for bait(鱼饵). They also had a mobile phone, kept safe in a plastic bag, a GPS, and a two-way radio. The two had never spoken before or worked together, but they liked fishing and both of them seemed to know what they were doing. Two days later, the weather was getting worse and worse. Salvador was trying to remain calm, but Cordoba was not prepared. He held on to the rail(围栏) for dear life as the waves crashed around them, vomiting(呕吐）and crying. When the storm finally passed, Salvador noticed that they had drifted far away from land. To make matters worse, the motor had stopped working. Salvador called his boss on the radio, but there was no response. Even worse was the fact that the GPS they has brought with them had stopped working.