英语音标发音表及发音规则

英语音标发音表及发音规则Prepared on 22 November 20201、英语音标发音表英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。

对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。

确实不易。

笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。

英语语音名词解释：1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ ] [l]例外）。

从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组3．重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。

用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。

单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4．开音节①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。

例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

例如：name these bike home ex cuse五个元音字母在开音节中发长音 [e ] [i:] [a ] [ u] [ju:]5．闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。

例如：bag egg fish not cup6．双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如： stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。

双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

例如：a bout be fore ex cuse re pair for get-ful in ven-tor 0-06 7．多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如： el-e-phant con-grat-u la-tion词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien tific im pression nation48个国际音标的发音—元音：[i:] 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，露出微笑的表情，与字母E的发音相同。

[i] 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴形扁平。

[:] 嘴形扁平，上下齿微开，舍身平放，舌中部稍稍抬高。

[] 嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起，口腔自然放松发声。

[:] 双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。

[] 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆。

[u:] 嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩。

[u] 嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍收圆并放松些，舌头后缩。

[ɑ:] 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴放低，放松发音。

[] 嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍稍抬起。

[] 嘴张大，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。

[e] 嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。

[ei] 由[e]和[i]两个单音组成，[e]重读，[i]轻读，口形由半开到合，字母A就发这个音。

[ai] 由[a]和[i]两个单音组成，[a]重读，[i]轻读，口形由开到合，与字母I的发音相同。

[i] 由[]和[i]两个单音组成，[]重读，[i]轻读，口形由圆到扁，由开到合。

[au] 由[a]和[u]两个单音组成，[a]重读，[u]轻读，口型由大到小。

[u] 由[]和[u]两个单音组成，[]重读，[u]轻读，口形由半开到小，与字母O的发音相同。

[i] 由[i]和[]两个单音组成，[i]重读，[]轻读，双唇始终半开。

[e] 由[e]和[]两个单音组成，[e]重读，[]轻读，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开。

[u] 由[u]和[]两个单音组成，[u]重读，[]轻读，双唇由收圆到半开。

48个国际音标的发音—辅音：[p]双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。

[b]双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。

[t]舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出，但声带不振动。

[d]舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。

[k]舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然间离开，将气送出来，想咳嗽一样，但声带不震动。

[ɡ]舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然间离开，将气送出来，但声带需振动。

[s]双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带不振动。

[z]双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带需振动。

[]双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。

[]双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，但声带需振动。

[t]双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。

[d]双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，但声带需振动。

[f]上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带不振动。

[v]上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带需振动。

[θ]舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带不振动。

[e]上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带需振动。

[ts]舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动。

[dz]舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出。

[tr]双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取伐[r]的姿势，声带不振动。

[dr]双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取伐[r]的姿势，但声带振动。

[h]嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。

[r]舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。

[l]舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边送出。

—鼻音[m]双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。

[n]双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻孔里出来，声带振动。

[]双唇张开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。

—辅音[w]双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两边滑开。

[j]嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上颚，声带需振动。

弃我去者，昨日之日不可留乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧个国际音标表元音12个单元音长元音[i:] [] [] [u:] [a:]短元音[i] [][][u] [] [e] [] 8个双元音[ai] [ei] [i] [i] [] [] [u] [au]辅音10对清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [] [ ∫ ] [] [tr]浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [] [ ] [] [dr]3个鼻音[m] [n] []3个似拼音[h] [r] [l]2个半元音[w] [j]舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。

/i:/--发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。

/e/--发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大。

音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音ekite cake name bike make take homeplane shine2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant clothes that this then than26) sion [ ] [ ]propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)station nation translation attention question6关于语音的几个概念:音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant 音标的发音规则31 元音:1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e iethree tree green sheep meet beef see seek(ee)eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please(ea)he she me(e)piece receive ceiling (ie,ei)2) [i] 发音字母 i y esit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious3) 发音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man4) [e] 字母组合 ea e ahead bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heard term her nerd servework worm work world6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractor delicious graciouspleasure familiarcollar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account agoelephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listenfamulus Saturday7) [a:] 字母组合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm8) [ ] 发音字母 u o ou ooup supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourishblood flood9) [ ]字母组合 al or au our ar awsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor storeauthor caught autumnfour mourn court boughtwarm quarrel quarterdraw saw flaw10) [ ] 发音字母 o ahot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou ulook good foot bookshould couldput full bull pull pushwoman wolf13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai eyname cake late gate plane Aprilplay say may waygreat breakrain paint plainthey grey14) [ai] 发音字母 i ybike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye15) [au] 字母组合 ou owhouse out flour ground account count sound loud around mouseflower down now cow how town16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oahome cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal17) [ ] 字母组合oy oiboy toy joyoil soil voice choice18) [iε] 字母组合 eerbeer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) [ ] 字母组合ear airpear bear chair air fair care there where 20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower [ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE]2 容易混淆的元音[ ] [e]bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said[i：] [ei]real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai]bet bite red write said side head hide [aU] [ ]house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn[aU] [ ]found fond down done gown gone town ton3辅音1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push2) [b] book big boot bike bread break3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x) school schedule schema (字母组合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junksing king morning evening10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul11) [r] read red right run room write12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife （字母f）cough laugh rough（字母gh）physic photo phone (ph)13) [v] very evening even every voice vest( 字母v)of (字母f) 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z)close nose hose suppose pause those whose (se)16) [ ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth17) [ ] that this those these though18) [ ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash (sh)nation attention stationsocial specialsure19) [ ] pleasure20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who21) [w] when what where window wind wood22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow23) [ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）catch watch match （字母组合tch) 24) [ ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridgejoy enjoy join July June junk25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods4容易混淆的辅音[v] [w]vest west vet wet vine wine very well [s] [ ]sink think mass math miss myth sort sought[z] [ ]close cloth breeze breathe[n] [ ]thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing5 字母，组合音节发音规律1）a [ei] [] [ ] [a:] [ ]late private grade bake grape nation station pageactive hand bank fan parent family glad flagaccept about above formative machine cinemafast last glass class past fatherwash what watch want2）e [i:] [e] [i] [ ] 不发音appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebbledecide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture3）i [ai] [i]high price library ice cream wife size linefist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]lode host cold note okay old homelose do who whose provelove some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest5）u [ju] [u] [ ] [ ]university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bullbut brush bucket duck bubblesupport suggest6）c [k] [s]country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease7）g [g] [ ] [ ]girl grade glass glade bag flagvillage vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening8) l [l] 读音不同listen learn language collect English gorillaworld cold soil tall sell cool animal9) n [n] [ ]moon night noodle numberuncle hungry angry young10) r [r] [ ](美语发音)right read write grade progresscard board door floor form north11）y [j] [i] [ai]yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happydyke dying fly buy by my12）ar [a:] [ ] [ ]farm card garden markdollarwarm quarrel quarter13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [ ]cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great breakidea realize14) ear [ ] [ ]learn earth earn heardhear near clear ear fear15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]deserve serve her personteacher driver anger singerserious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [ ] [ ]here mere fere serethere 17) ir [ ] [ai]shirt girl skirtadmire desire18) oo [u:] [u] [ ] [ ]room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood bookblood flooddoor floor19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]short form corn born forwork world worm word worsttractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ ] [ ]door floormoor poor boor21) our [ ] [ ]hour tour flour bourn lourpour court four mourn22) ou [au] [ ] [ ]house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touchdelicious gracious prosperous23) ow [ ] [au]window meadow know show lownow town how down cow24) se [z] [s]nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house25) th [W] [T]thank think thought clothclothes that this then than26) sion [ ] [ ]propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)station nation translation attention question6关于语音的几个概念:音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant单词重音的一般规律“有轻有重”是英语单词的特点。