上外考研翻译硕士英语阅读理解单选经济类模拟题
上外考研翻译硕士英语阅读理解单选模拟题
上外考研翻译硕士英语阅读理解单选模拟题The company that revolutionized the delivery of information now aims to do the same with electricity. Technology powerhouse Google today announced it would spend "tens of millions" of dollars next year in research and development and investments in an effort to drive down the cost of large-scale renewable energy to make it cheaper than coal. Not only will Google be hiring engineers and energy experts for its new initiative, known as RE<C (renewable energy at less cost than coal), but it also will make investments in fledgling companies—starting with those that focus on solar-thermal technology, enhanced geothermal, and high-altitude wind power. "Cheap renewable energy is not only critical for the environment but also vital for economic development in many places where there is limited affordable energy of any kind," said Sergey Brin, Google cofounder and president of technology, in a prepared statement.Coal supplies 40 percent of the world’s electricity and more than half of U.S. power, and if current trends continue, it is expected to grab an ever increasing share because it is a plentiful and cheap fuel for big consumers like China and the United States. But coal is also the worst fuel in its production of the global warming gas carbon dioxide. Google cofounder Larry Page said the company’s goal is to produce one gigawattof renewable energy capacity that is cheaper than coal within "years, not decades." Google says that’s enough electricity to power a city the size of San Francisco (about 330,000 households).Google, located in Mountain View, Calif., said it was initially working with two other California companies. They are eSolar, of Pasadena, which is specializing in solar-thermal power, using large fields of mirrors to concentrate sunlight and generate steam to run utility-scale electric turbines, and Makani of Alameda, which is developing wind energy technology that takes advantage of the much stronger and more reliable currents available at high altitudes.Google did not specify how much money it was putting into its projects with these companies but said they both had "promising scalable energy technologies." This portion of the initiative will be funded through the company’s philanthropic arm, , which is not a traditional charity but can make equity investments in companies. Brin and Page have pledged 1 percent of Google’s equity and profits toward efforts including climate change and global poverty.The RE<C program is the latest of a series of steps Google has taken on climate change. The company says it is on track in its goal to be carbon neutral in 2007. It installed one of the largest corporate solar panel installations anywhere, a 1.6-megawatt rooftop system on its Mountain View campus.The company also has a project to accelerate development and adoption of ultrahigh-efficiency plug-in hybrid cars. Google has been lobbying for inclusion of a nationwide renewable energy portfolio goal in the energy legislation currently under negotiation on Capitol Hill. And the company is working on an energy-efficient computing initiative with other Silicon Valley companies.1.The word “fledgling” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____[A] inexperienced.[B] promising.[C] new.[D] initiative.2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the coal?[A] It is a kind of controversial fuel given its large quantity and its harm to the harm the environment.[B] It is a plentiful and cheap fuel that will surely earn more market share.[C] It will be totally replaced by the renewable energy in years because it produces the worst gas—a carbon dioxide.[D] It is supported by enthusiastic countries like China and U.S.3. is a _____[A] conventional type of charity organization.[B] equity investor in companies.[C] a branch website of that focuses on charity activities.[D] environmental organization that specializes in promoting green fuel.4. Which one of the following is not TRUE of RE<C programme?[A] It will be realized through investments in solar and wind energy companies.[B] It is a programme of environmental protection.[C] It is one of the measures taken to neutralize carbon.[D] It can come into true in a few years.5. The best title of this passage is_____[A] Google’s RE<C programme.[B]Google, the Energy Revolutionary.[C] Google, the Environmental Protector.[D] Google’s Renewable Energy Project.文章剖析：这篇文章是有关Google公司在能源方面计划进行的一场革命，要用低廉的可再生能源来替代煤炭。
上海外国语大学考研翻译硕士英语真题2016+答案
Did Britain decline after American independence in 1776?
also overlook China’s geopolitical 8.
in the Asian balance of power,
compared with America’s relations with Europe, Japan and India, which
are likely to remain more favorable.
Chinese as 10ft tall and proclaim this “the Chinese century”.
China’s size and relatively rapid economic growth will bring it closer
to the US in terms of its power resources in the next few decades. But
what is the natural life cycle of a nation.
A century is generally the limit for a human organism but countries
are social constructs. Rome did not collapse until more than three
The scenarios that could 10. decline include ones in which the
2019年对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译基础考研模拟试卷
说明：所有答案写在答题纸上，不要做任何标记。
此试题由育明教育提供，仅供育明教育考研集训营学员参考2019年对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译基础科模拟试卷一、英文缩写HTMLPBOCAIPPIERPCSRCDJIASSNGMTBIS二、短语互译1. 小型微型企业2. 安居工程3. 屌丝4. 物联网5. 天然林6. 落后产能7. 兴边富民8. 生态示范区9. 一次性生活补贴10. 大宗商品11. technocratic government12. referendum13. incubation14. diplomatic asylum15. zakat16. credit crunch17. customer relationship18. jargon19. financial futures20. yield curve三、篇章翻译英译中THOUGH it is hard to find anyone who is bullish about Britain’s growth prospects, economy-watchers have been consistently surprised by the weakness of official figures. The latest set, published on July 25th, showed that GDP in the second quarter fell by 0.7%, a far bigger drop than the 0.2% decline forecast by analysts. The figures suggest the economy has shrunk by a cumulative 1.4% over the past three quarters and is now smaller than when the coalition government took office in May 2010. All this adds to the pressures on George Osborne, the increasingly forlorn chancellor of the exchequer.The scale of the surprise suggests two alternatives: either business is much weaker than even the gloomiest forecasters had feared, or the preliminary estimates of GDP are so flawed they are not a reliable guide to the state of the economy. Which is it?It is usually unwise to dismiss information merely because it does not conform to expectations: it might be telling you something you did not know. The trouble in the euro zone is worsening. Even Germany’s economy, the region’s mightiest, seem to be faltering, so the British GDP figures may be an early sign of broader misery. A startling drop in construction output was on its own enough to explain half the fall in GDP. This probably owes something to the miserably wet weather,but it may also reflect cuts in public-sector investment.Yet the data sceptics have a stronger case than usual. The extra bank holiday in June to mark the queen’s Diamond Jubilee meant there was one less working day than normal in the quarter. This is a rare event, so the statisticians make no special adjustment for it. Indeed, because they have little hard economic data for June, they had to use informed guesswork to estimate how much output fell in the month. The Bank of England had guessed the extra holiday would cut around 0.5% from second-quarter output, and boost the third-quarter figures by roughly the same amount (with a bump from the Olympic games). Analysts had factored this kind of adjustment into their forecasts, yet were still way off the official GDP estimate. What led them astray were signs of economic life in other figures. Business surveys suggest the economy has been chugging along. The purchasing managers’ surveys compiled by Markit, a research firm, suggest the economy grew steadily in the first half of the year. John Cridland, the head of the CBI[1], an employers’ group, said the “overwhelming view” of businesses is that the economy is flat, rather than shrinking. There are some notable bright spots. Britain’s aerospace industry, the world’s second-biggest, is busy filling orders. The car industry is bucking the downward trend in most of Europe (see article). Britain recently posted its first quarterly trade surplus in cars since the 1970s.The biggest reason to mistrust the GDP figures is the health of the jobs market. Unemployment has edged down to 8.1%. The number of people in work rose by 166,000 in the first quarter, in stark contrast to the trend in GDP (see chart). The latest figures show jobs growth continuing into the second quarter. Most of the posts recently created have been full-time, and the average working week is lengthening. These figures could scarcely be more at odds with the GDP data. Taken together, they suggest that more Britons are working longer hours to produce less stuff than a year ago.If the output figures are accurate, this puzzling divergence would probably be resolved by future job losses. But experience suggests the recent GDP figures willeventually be revised upwards. In seven of the past 40 quarters, GDP has been revised up or down by 0.7 percentage points or more, says Kevin Daly at Goldman Sachs. The biggest changes typically occur two or three years after the first estimate, much too far into the future to offer Mr Osborne political relief. His sole consolation is that third-quarter GDP figures, published at the end of October, will overstate the economy’s strength just as the latest set have exaggerated its weakness.中翻英当前，世界经济正在逐步恢复增长。
上外考研翻译硕士英语模拟题一详解
上外考研翻译硕士英语模拟题一详解Valeta Young, 81, a retiree from Lodi, Calif., suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring. But she doesn’t have to drive anywhere to get it. Twice a day she steps onto a special electronic scale, answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurse’s station in San Antonio, Texas. "It’s almost a direct link to my doctor," says Young, who describes herself as computer illiterate but says she has no problems using the equipment.Young is not the only patient who is dealing with her doctor from a distance. Remote monitoring is a rapidly growing field in medical technology, with more than 25 firms competing to measure remotely--and transmit by phone, Internet or through the airwaves--everything from patients’ heart rates to how often they cough.Prompted both by the rise in health-care costs and the increasing computerization of health-care equipment, doctors are using remote monitoring to track a widening variety of chronic diseases. In March, St. Francis University in Pittsburgh, Pa., partnered with a company called BodyMedia on a study in which rural diabetes patients use wireless glucose meters and armband sensors to monitor their disease. And last fall, Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability to chart their asthmaconditions online, using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that measures lung functions in real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors.Such home monitoring, says Dr. George Dailey, a physician at the Scripps Clinic in San Diego, "could someday replace less productive ways that patients track changes in their heart rate, blood sugar, lipid levels, kidney functions and even vision."Dr. Timothy Moore, executive vice president of Alere Medical, which produces the smart scales that Young and more than 10,000 other patients are using, says that almost any vital sign could, in theory, be monitored from home. But, he warns, that might not always make good medical sense. He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely, for example, and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value, he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the value of home testing for diabetes or asthma.Such studies are needed because the technology is still in its infancy and medical experts are divided about its value. But on one thing they all agree: you should never rely on any remote testing system without clearing it with your doctor.1. How does Young monitor her health conditions?[A] By stepping on an electronic scale.[B] By answering a few yes or no questions.[C] By using remote monitoring service.[D] By establishing a direct link to her doctor.2. Which of the following is not used in remote monitoring?[A] car[B] telephone[C] Internet[D] the airwaves3. The word “prompted” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means________.[A] made[B] reminded[C] aroused[D] driven4. Why is Dr. Timothy Moore against performing electrocardiogramsremotely?[A] Because it is a less productive way of monitoring.[B] Because it doesn’t make good medical sense.[C] Because it’s value has not been proved by scientific study[D] Because it is not allowed by doctors5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Computer illiterate is advised not to use remote monitoring.[B] The development of remote monitoring market is rather sluggish.[C] Remote monitoring is mainly used to track chronic diseases.[D] Medical experts agree on the value of remote monitoring.答案：CADBC篇章剖析本文是一篇说明文，介绍了远程监护目前的发展状况，它的优势，相反的意见等。
高译教育-上海外国语大学英语翻硕百科单选样题
高译教育-上海外国语大学英语翻硕百科单选样题单项选择（50 分）01. 《论语》一书是孔子及其弟子言行的记录。
其撰写者是____。
A. 孔子B. 孔子的弟子C. 孔子及其弟子D. 孔子的弟子及其再传弟子02. “有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相倾，音声相和，前后相随”这一充满辩证法思想的论断出自我国古代经典著作____。
A. 《论语》B. 《老子》C. 《墨子》D. 《韩非子》03. 以下所列剧目不全是莎士比业作品的一组是____。
A. 《哈姆雷特》、《威尼斯商人》、《雅典的泰门》B. 《奥赛罗》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《皆大欢喜》C. 《麦克白》、《伪君子》、《第十二夜》D. 《李尔土》、《温莎的风流娘们》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》04. QS 标志由“质量安全”英文（Quality Safety）字头QS 和“质量安全”中文字样纲成。
标志主色为蓝色，字母“Q”与“质量安全”四个中文字样为蓝色，字母“S”为白色。
QS 标志是我国____的标志。
A. 质量安全认证B. 商品市场准入C. 药品市场准入D. 食品市场准入05. 下列各诗词句子所描写的我国传统节日，依次对应正确的一项是：____。
①独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。
②东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨。
③爆竹声中一岁除，东风送暖入屠苏。
④柔情似水，佳期如梦，忍顾鸽桥归路。
⑤堪笑楚江空渺渺，不能洗得直臣冤。
A. 重阳、春节、元宵、七夕、冬至C. 重阳、元宵、春节、七夕、端午B. 春节、元宵、端午、七夕、重阳D. 中秋、清明、春节、七夕、端午06. 对以下汉语成语出处和本意的介绍，错误的是____。
A. 约法二章：出自《史记》，是说刘邦攻下咸阳后，召集关中父老，约定法纪。
B. 始作俑者：出自《孟子》，引用孔子的话，斥责首先用俑殉葬开恶劣风气的人。
C. 胸有成竹：出自苏轼散文，指画竹子时要事先设想好完整的竹子。
D. 买椟还珠：出自《韩非子》，买木盒时退还里面的珠宝，拾金不昧。
上海外国语大学考研英文阅读材料经济学人精选
上海外国语大学考研英文阅读材料经济学人精选Older workersMarch of the greybeardsBritain’s workforce is ageing. To make the most of it, companies will need to adaptFOR 26 years Ann White, a poised 58-year-old, worked in the glazing department of Steelite International, a pottery firm. It was a repetitive, mundane job; the kind where you “hung your brain on a nail”, she says. Retirement may have seemed fairly attractive. No longer. Over the past five years Ms White has taken part in further training at work, gaining qualifications in maths, English and IT. She now manages the 11 cleaners who clear up the factory site, and would like to carry on working and learning for a while yet. “It’s been life-changing,” she saysBritain’s workforce is greying. Between 1995 and 2015 the numb er of working people aged over 65 more than doubled, to over 1m. During the same period the number of workers aged 50-64 increased by 60%, to 8m. During the recent recession, while employment rates for youngsters fell, the number of silver-haired workers soared (see chart). By 2020 one-third of the workforce will be over 50.One reason is simply that people are living longer: those aged 60 today can expect to live nine years longer than those a century ago. Government policy has also kept more people in work. Since 2006 it has been possibleto work while still drawing a state pension. The retirement age is due to rise to 66 by 2020 and to 67 by 2028. And poor annuity rates, coupled with a shift from defined-benefit pensions—where retirement income is linked to an employer’s final salary and years of membership—to less generous defined-contribution schemes, which depend on the amount paid in, has kept many toiling away.Increasingly, however, companies are courting the over-50s. Some, such as Steelite International, are retraining their ageing employees. Others are hiring older unemployed people. On August 31st Barclays, a bank, launched a “Bolder Apprentices” scheme for older workers; more than half its first cohort of 43 apprentices are over 40, with several in their 50s. When I’m 64At the New Malden branch of B&Q, a large DIY store, 76-year-old Bill Macpherson works in the gardening department three days a week alongside Havva Halil, a 64-year-old former florist who works full-time. Some of their work is physically demanding, particularly around Christmas time, when large fir trees need to be lugged around. But working “keeps us young,” beams Ms Halil. B&Q has long been keen on older workers: it scrapped its retirement age in the 1990s. In 1989 its Macclesfield store was staffed by people over 50 for six months; during the experiment profits increased by 18%, while the turnover of employees was one-sixth of its usual levels.Companies who employ older workers praise their reliability, loyalty and their “soft skills” in customer service. Some point out that as the population ages, so too do their clients. When taking out a mortgage or reporting fraud, for example, bank customers may prefer not to be served by a teenager with little experience of either. “Olde r customers want to be able to talk to people who look like them,” says Mike Thompson of Barclays. Small businesses and sectors such as health care and retail are particularly keen on employing older folk.Various studies suggest that older workers can be just as productive as their younger colleagues. Although memory, attention and mental agility fade with age, older workers compensate for this with experience and better judgment. A 2013 study of a Mercedes-Benz truck-assembly plant in Germany found that although older workers were found to make slightly more mistakes than younger ones, their errors were less severe. Older people still face barriers to employment. In 2013 almost half of unemployed over-50s had been looking for a job for a year, compared with one-third of 18-24 year olds. Discrimination may be one reason: some job-seekers report getting better responses after restyling their tell-tale O-level qualifications, which were phased out in 1988, as newfangled GCSEs. Companies may fear that grey workers will block the progress of bright young things, or that they will prove expensive and reluctant to retire. Academics at Oxford and Cambridge are oftenrequired to retire in order to allow younger dons to advance, says Stephen McNair, a former head of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce.But there is not a set number of jobs in the economy: older workers spend cash and increase demand, thereby creating more employment. Nor are oldsters necessarily pricey: the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a think-tank, reports that those in their 60s earn less per hour than those in their 50s, at high and low income levels alike. (Over the recession, older workers saw their earnings return to pre-crisis levels more quickly than youngsters, however.)Those firms not already courting older workers will have to raise their game. By one estimate, if those in their 50s and 60s are not encouraged to stay in work longer, there could be 1m unfilled jobs in two decades’ time. Companies prepared to offer flexible hours and retraining will be best placed to take advantage of the untapped resource that older workers represent. Getting ahead will mean going grey.Urban planningStreetwiseCities are starting to put pedestrians and cyclists before motorists. That makes them nicer—and healthier—to live inAT 6am on a sweltering Sunday the centre of Gurgaon, a city in northern India, is abuzz. Children queue for free bicycles to ride on a 4kmstretch of road that will be cordoned off from traffic for the next five hours. Teenagers pedal about, taking selfies; middle-aged men and women jog by. On a stage, a black-belt demonstrates karate; yoga practice is on a quieter patch down the street. Weaving through the crowd dispensing road-safety tips is a traffic cop with a majestic moustache Gurgaon’s weekly jamboree is called Raahgiri, (“reclaim your streets”). Amit Bhatt of EMBARQ, a green think-tank, started it in 2013, inspired by Bogotá’s ciclovía, pictured above, for which Colombia’s capital closes 120km of streets on Sundays and holidays. Such events are part of a movement that is accelerating around the world.From Guangzhou to Brussels to Chicago, cities are shifting their attention from keeping cars moving to making it easier to walk, cycle and play on their streets. Some central roads are being converted into pedestrian promenades, others flanked with cycle lanes. Speed limits are being slashed. More than 700 cities in 50 countries now have bike-share schemes; the number has grown by about half in the past three years.Cycli sts and motorists have never liked sharing the road. In “A Cool and Logical Analysis of the Bicycle Menace”, P.J. O’Rourke, a car-loving comic, grumbles that “one cannot drive around a curve” without meeting a “suicidal phalanx” of “huffing bicyclers”. Cas ey Neistat, a New York cyclist who was fined $50 for not riding in a bike lane, made a film of himself crashing into some of the unkindly parkedcars that so often make that impossible.Many cities are exploring ways to keep petrolheads and pedalophiles apart. Over 100, particularly in Latin America, close some roads to cars on weekends. Paris is leading the way in Europe, closing over 30km; Dublin and Milan plan to banish cars from their centres. Even Los Angeles, (a city Steve Martin, a comic actor, satirised by getting in his car to drive three paces to his neighbour’s house in “LA Story”) recently announced plans for hundreds of miles of bus and cycle lanes.In the rich world, these measures follow improvements in public transport—and congestion charges and other policies that make driving and parking in many cities a misery. The number of cars entering central London has dropped by a third since 2002. Three-fifths of Parisians owned a car in 2001; now two-fifths do. And some people are shifting from public transport to walking or cycling: a fifth as many journeys in London are now made by bike as on the Underground; 15 years ago, only a tenth were. All this makes cities safer and nicer, planners say. London hopes to attract footloose talent this way, says Isabel Dedring, its deputy mayor for transport.The International Transport Forum, a think-tank, predicts that by 2050 the world’s roads will have to cope with 2.5 billion cars and light trucks, three times as many as today. Almost all the growth will be in developing countries. Some cities are building rail and subway systems;others are creating rapid-bus lanes. India plans to expand or launch rapid transit in 50 cities. But safety is often neglected.The best way to get more people walking is to slow down traffic citywide, says Guillermo Peñalosa of 8 80 Cities, a Canadian lobby group. Slower traffic makes neighbourhoods quieter and safer. More than 80% of pedestrians hit by cars moving at 65kph die; at half that speed only 5% die. A 25mph (40kph) speed limit went into effect in New York last year. London recently cut the speed limit to 20mph on more than 280km of its roads and is getting rid of pedestrian-unfriendly giant roundabouts. In September Toronto will slow down traffic on more than 300km of its roads.Four wheels bad, two wheels goodIn cycling, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are the pacesetters, with a third of trips made by bicycle. More than half of Amsterdam’s residents use their bikes daily. London, New York and Paris all have plans to challenge them. All three cities are expanding their bike-share schemes and building new bike lanes, some on quiet roads with new, lower speed limits for cars, and others running through central areas and separated from motorised traffic.Such schemes can quickly convince more people to start pedalling. They are particularly popular with women, who transport planners say are more nervous than men about sharing roads with roaring traffic andtypically make up less than a quarter of urban cyclists. In 2007-2010 the Spanish city of Seville built an 80km network of separated two-way bicycle lanes; the share of trips in the city that were by bicycle went from nearly zero to 7%. In Taipei few women cycled before its YouBike share scheme started in 2009; now they are half of the city’s cyclists.Bike-shares are spreading out beyond city centres and being linked with public transport, says Kevin Mayne of the European Cyclists’ Federation. In Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands some schemes are run by the railways. More than 100 cities have smartphone apps that show which docking stations have bicycles available. Riders of Copenhagen’s GoBike can plot routes and check travel bookings from an on-board GPS. Both bikes and public transport are more likely to be used when bike racks are placed on the front of buses, as in Boston and Washington, DC, and secure parking is provided at rail stations.In 2014 Britain’s transport ministry looked at recently built cycling and walking infrastructure in eight cities. Standard cost-benefit analyses for planned transport infrastructure include a value for the lives saved (or lost) through changes in the number of accidents. Using the same figures for the lives prolonged by increased activity, it found that the cost of the schemes was repaid three-fold—and again in reduced congestion. London’s authorities calculate that if every Londoner switched to walking for trips under 2km, and to cycling for trips of 2-8km, the share who gotenough exercise to remain healthy simply by getting around would rise from 25% to 60%. That would amount to 61,500 years of healthy life gained each year.Even once-a-week exercise fiestas can boost health. A 2009 survey of participants in Bogotá’s Sunday ciclovías found that 42% of adults did as much exercise during the event as the World Health Organisation recommends for a week. (It ranks Colombia the world’s most sedentary country: see article.) Only 12% would have done so otherwise.Yet the health gains from walking and cycling rarely feature in transport plans—partly because the benefits are reaped by national health ministries (and the people who get fitter, of course), rather than the cities that build the infrastructure. Britain is trying to align incentives better. Last year London’s transport authority published a “transport health action plan”: a ten-year scheme, backed by £4 billion of government money, that will redesign streets along lines recommended by public-health experts. And the country’s National Health Service (NHS) wants to help cities that are building cheap housing complexes to include health-promoting features, such as cycle routes and playgrounds.As rich cities are, at last, undoing their past planning mistakes, activists in developing ones are trying to ensure that they are not repeated. They are lobbying for safe walking and cycling routes as well as better public transport, and for traffic laws to be enforced—before pollution andinactivity take their full toll. Convincing officials preoccupied with keeping cars moving can be tough: “This won’t work here,” one told Mr Bhatt when he proposed the Raahgiri and other ways to make Gurgaon’s streets more pedestrian-friendly. He persisted, getting 200 schoolchildren to cycle up to the city administration’s headquarters to demonstrate public support. His team has since also convinced the city to paint cycling lanes at the side of some streets; barriers will soon protect them from cars.One user is Dilip Grover, a 62-year-old manager of a small firm. Not having cycled since college, he rediscovered its joys after hopping on a free bike at the Raahgiri. He now cycles 10km to work. The Raahgiri has changed attitudes, he thinks: many drivers also participate and now think twice before honking at a pedestrian or jumping a traffic light. It is a small start.。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研阅读题源,考研真题,模拟题19
阅读题源专业养老金顾问英国的养老系统在较为完善的同时，也因为其复杂程度而催生了对养老金顾问的需求。
许多人在退休后不得不寻找顾问来帮助解决养老金问题，但又因为找到合适的人的难度而想尽办法拖延寻找顾问的期限。
今天，金融速读带大家来看一看在英国，找养老金顾问到底有多难。
测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：keen愿意，希望daunting使气馁rogue无良的，欺诈的UK pensions:how to hire an adviser（590words）By Judith Evans------------------------------------------------------As retirement looms,you resolve to take professional advice—only to discover a quandary:from which of the vast array of30,000UK registered advisers keen to take your custom?This puzzle has been faced by growing numbers of savers since the government reformed the pensions market by removing the requirement to turn savings into a secure income,offering a far greater choice in how to deploy a nest egg.That choice has driven up demand for ,an online directory,has seen a20per cent increase in searches for financial advisers compared with last year,according to Karen Barrett,chief executive.But choosing an adviser can be daunting.Jane Vass,head of public policy at Age UK,says:“We know that people often put off using an adviser, even if they think they need one.“They’re worried about being charged commission,they feel they won’t understand the charges,they won’t feel able to negotiate or they don’资料来源：育明考研考博官网t know how to compare advisers.”Those in need of advice may take some reassurance from the Retail Distribution Review reforms that took effect in2013,increasing the qualifications required to register as an adviser—now equivalent to a certificate of higher education.They must regularly obtain a “statement of professional standing”,which certifies that they have kept their qualifications up-to-date and signed up for an ethics code.Under the changes,all advisers were banned from taking commissions on most financial products,removing the incentive to sell products that a customer may not need.Experts say this has led to significant progress in improving standards and rooting out rogue operators,after a spate of overly risky products were sold to retail investors in the early2000s.A series of advisers have been banned and fined,and others investigated for exposing clients to high-risk investments in areas such as overseas property and biofuels.“The industry is clearly in a very different place from where it was10 years ago,”says Ms Vass.Among the first decisions to be taken is whether to opt for an “independent”or“restricted”adviser.The latter will only offer products from a limited panel of providers,although their charging structures and qualifications are similar to their independent counterparts.Both types of advisers charge fees to the investor,not commissions.But regulatory and insurance requirements are more onerous for independent advisers—such as proving that they really do survey the entire market when choosing products.Some smaller operations with limited resources opt for restricted status.Advisers may also be restricted in a different way,offering advice on just one type of financial product,such as mortgages.This can enable them to develop specialist knowledge while saving on costs—but make sure you clarify in what way an adviser is restricted.Beyond the minimum standards,advisers may also have extra qualifications in specialist areas,such as pensions advice or long-term care,a bonus if one of these is your focus.资料来源：育明考研考博官网“Ring up and go to see at least three or four advisers,”Ms Barrett says.“Ask them who’s going to be working with me,what experience do they have,where have they worked before,what types of clients are they especially able to help?”Many advisers will offer an initial free face-to-face consultation,which gives you a chance to brandish a checklist of questions,including on the vexed question of fees;you can also ask how the adviser expects to make or save you money that will make the fees worth your while.What is the trend for the amount of people that saves their pension?∙Increasing∙Decreasing∙Reaching zero∙Don't knowBeginning2013,what changed if you want to become an adviser?∙Lower educationdegreerequired∙There is an annual fee if you want to be an adviser∙More qualifications required∙Nothing changedWhat’s the author’s attitude towards restricting the adviser’s expertise to one field?∙Indifferent∙Positive∙Doubtful资料来源：育明考研考博官网∙NegativeHow much does it cost to set up a one-on-one meeting with an adviser?∙Very expensive∙Free∙Very cheap∙Don’t know专业养老金顾问解析A文章第二段讲到，由于政府改革养老金政策，越来越多的人开始储存他们拿到的养老金C文章第六段作者提到13年之后成为顾问更难了因为需要更多证书。
上海外国语大学考研翻译硕士MTI基础模拟题四
上外翻译硕士英语模拟训练（四）I . close testYoung Children`s Sense of IdentityA sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since then psychologists have continued building on the theory.According to James, a child's first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labeled 'self-as-subject', and he gave it various elements. These included an (1) of one’s own agency (i.e. one’s power to act), and an awareness of one’s distinctiveness from other people. These features gradually (2) as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers. Cooley (1902) suggested that a (3) of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are that an infant attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behavior of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile someone (4) to them.Another powerful source of information for infants about the (5) they can have on the world around them is provided when others (6) them. Many parents spend a lot of time, particularly in the early months, copying their infant's vocalizations and expressions in addition, young children enjoy looking in (7), where the movements they can see are dependent upon their own movements.This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own image (a later development). However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants' developing understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are (8) from other people. This is because they, and (9) they can change the reflection in the mirror.This understanding that children gain of themselves as active agents continues to develop in their attempts to co-operate with others in play. Drum (1988) points out that it is in such day-to-day relationships and interactions （10）the child's understanding of his or herself emerges. Empirical investigations of the self-as- subject in young children are, however, rather scarce （11）of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of the self directly.Once Children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in a whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as 'themselves'. This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what James called the 'self-as-object'. This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most （12）by social elements, since it is made up of social roles (such as student, brother; colleague) and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people (such as trust worthiness, shyness, sporting ability).Cooley and other researchers suggested a close connection between a person’s own understanding of their identity and other people's understanding of it. Cooley believed that people build up their sense of identity from the reactions of others to them, and from the view they believe others have (13) them. He called the self- as-object the ’looking-glass self', since people come to secthemselves as they are reflected in others. Mead (1934) went even further, and saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together. The self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experience. It is impossible to (14) of a self arising outside of (15) experience.Finally perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age. In a longitudinal study of groups of three or four children, Bronson (1975) found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years. Often, the children's disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of ’self' and of 'ownership’is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.II. Reading comprehensionMike and Adam Hurewitz grew up together on Long Island, in the suburbs of New York City. They were very close, even for brothers. So when Adam's liver started failing, Mike offered to give him half of his. The operation saved Adam's life. But Mike, who went into the hospital in seemingly excellent health, developed a complication-perhaps a blood colt -and died last week. He was 57. Mike Hurewitz's death has prompted a lot of soul searching in the transplant community. Was it a tragic fluke or a sign that transplant surgery has reached some kind of ethical limit?The Mount Sinai Medical Center, the New York City hospital where the complex double operation was performed, has put on hold its adult living donor liver transplant program, pending a review of Hurewitz's death. Mount Sinai has performed about 100 such operations in the past three years.A 1-in -100 risk of dying may not seem like bad odds, but there's more to this ethical dilemma than a simple ratio. The first and most sacred rule of medicine is to do no harm. "For a normal healthy person a mortality rate 1% is hard to justify, "says Dr. John Fung, chief of transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "If the rate stays at 1%, it's just not going to be accepted. "On the other hand, there's an acute shortage of traditional donor organs from people who have died in accidents or suffered fatal heart attacks. If family members fully understand the risks and are willing to proceed, is there any reason to stand in their way? Indeed, a recent survey showed that most people will accept a mortality rate for living organ donors as high as 20%. The odds, thankfully, aren't nearly that bad. For kidney donors, for example, the risk ranges from 1 in 2, 500 to 1 in 4, 000 for a healthy volunteer. That helps explain why nearly 40% of kidney transplants in the U.S. come from living donors. /The operation to transplant a liver, however, is a lot trickier than one to transplant a kidney. Not only is the liver packed with blood vessels, but it also makes lots of proteins that need to be produced in the right ratios for the body to survive. When organs from the recently deceased are used, the surgeon gets to pick which part of the donated liver looks the best-and to take as much of it as needed. Assuming all goes well, a healthy liver can grow back whatever portion of the organ is missing, sometimes within a month.A living-donor transplant works particularly well when an adult donates a modest a modest portion of the liver to a child. Usually only the left lobe of the organ is required, leading to a mortality rate for living-donors in the neighborhood of 1 in 500 to 1 in 1,000. But when the recipient is another adult, as much as 60% of the donor's liver has to be removed. "There really is very little margin for error, "says Dr. Fung. By way of analogy, he suggests, think of a tree. "An adult-to-childliving-donor transplant is like cutting off a limb. With an adult-to-adult transplant, you're splitting the trunk in half and trying to keep both halves alive."Even if a potential donor understand and accepts these risks, that doesn't necessarily mean the operation should proceed. All sorts of subtle pressures can be brought to bear on such a decision. says Dr. Mark Siegler, director of the MacLean for Clinical Medical Ethics at the University of Chicago. "Sometimes the sicker the patient, the greater the pressure the pressure and the more willing the donor will be to accept risks. "If you feel you can't say no, is your decision truly voluntary? And if not, is it the medical community's responsibility to save you from your own best intentions?Transplant centers have developed screening programs to ensure that living donors fully understand the nature of their decision. But unexamined, for the most part, is the larger issue of just how much a volunteer should be allowed to sacrifice to save another human being. So far, we seem to be saying some risk is acceptable, although we're still vaguer about where the cutoff should be. There will always be family members like Mike Hurewitz who are heroically prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for a loved one. What the medical profession-and society-must decide is if it's appropriate to let them do so. /1Describe in your own words the liver transplant between the two brothers Mike and Adam.2 What is the major issue raised in the article?3 Explain briefly Dr. Fung's comparison between organ transplant and a tree. What does he imply through this analogy?4 If family members fully understand the risks in organ transplant and are still willing to proceed, shall the medical professionals encourage or stop them? What is your personal view toward such issue?补充练习For 40 years the sight of thousands of youngsters striding across the open moorland has been as much an annual fixture as spring itself. But the 2, 400 school pupils who join the grueling Dartmoor Ten Tors Challenge next Saturday may be among the last to take part in the May tradition. The trek faces growing criticism from environmentalists who fear that the presence of so many walkers on one weekend threatens the survival of some of Dartmoor's internationally rare bird species. / The Ten Tors challenge takes place in the middle of the breeding season, when the slightest disturbance can jeopardize birds' chances of reproducing successfully. Experts at the RSPB and the Dartmoor National Park Authority fear that the walkers could frighten birds and even crush eggs. They are now calling for the event to be moved to the autumn, when the breeding season is over and chicks should be well established. Organizers of the event, which is led by about 400 Territorial Army volunteers, say moving it would be impractical for several reasons and would mean pupils could not train properly for the 55-mile trek. Dartmoor is home 10 rare species of ground-nesting birds, including golden plovers, dunlins and lapwings. In some cases, species are either down to their last two pairs on the moor or are facing a nationwide decline.Emma Parkin, South-west spokeswoman for the PASPB, took part in the challenge as a schoolgirl. She said the society had no objections to the event itself but simply but simply wanted t moved to another time of year. "It is a wonderful activity for the children who take part but, having thousands of people walking past in one weekend when birds are breeding is hardly ideal, "she said."We would prefer it to take place after the breeding and nesting season is over. There is a risk of destruction and disturbance. If the walkers put a foot in the wrong place they can crush the eggs and if there is sufficient disturbance the birds might abandon the nest. "Helen Booker, an RSPB upland conservation officer, said there was no research into the scale of the damage but there was little doubt the walk was detrimental. "If people are tramping past continually it can harm the chances of successful nesting. There is also the fear of direct trampling of eggs. "A spokesman for the Dartmoor National Park Authority said the breeding season on the moor lasted from early March to mid-July, and the Ten Tors challenge created the potential for disturbance for March, when participants start training.To move the event to the autumn was difficult because children would be on holiday during the training period. There was a possibility that some schools in the Southwest move to a four-term year in 2004, "but until then any change was unlikely. The authority last surveyed bird life on Dartmoor two year ago and if the next surveyed showed any further decline, it would increase pressure to move challenge, "he said.Major Mike Pether, secretary of the army committee that organizes the challenge, said the event could be moved if there was the popular will. "The Ten Tors has been running for 42 years and it has always been at this time of year. It is almost in tablets of stone but that's not to say we won't consider moving if there is a consensus in favour. However, although the RSPB would like it moved, 75 per cent of the people who take part want it to stay as it is, "he said. Major Pether said the trek could not be moved to earlier in the year because it would conflict with the lambing season, most of the children were on holiday in the summer, and the winter weather was too harsh.Datmoor National Park occupies some 54 sq km of hills topped by granite outcrops known as "Tors" with the highest Tor-capped hill reaching 621m. The valleys and dips between the hills are often sites of bogs to snare the unwary hiker. The moor has long been used by the British Army as a training and firing range. The origin of the event stretches back to 1959 when three Army officers exercising on the moor thought it would provide a challenge for civilians as well as soldiers In the first year 203 youngsters took up the challenges. Since then teams, depending on age and ability, face hikes of 35, 45 or 55 miles between 10 nominated Tors over two days. They are expected to carry everything they need to survive. /1. What is the Ten Tors challenge? Give a brief introduction of its location and history.2. Why is it suggested that the event be moved to the autumn or other seasons?3. What are the difficulties if the event is moved to autumn or other season?Burnt by stock market losses, investors in ever-increasing numbers have found an answer to their woes: litigate. According to Stanford Law School, shareholders filed 327 class-action lawsuits against American companies last year-up 60% on the previous year. Their pied piper is Bill Lerach. He and his law firm, Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach, have turned the class action lawsuit into an industry. More than half of last year's suits were fought by Lerach and his colleagues. / Branded an "economic terrorist "by one rival and "lower than pond scum" by one rival and "lower than pond scum" by another, Lerach's firm is the terror of corporate America. Milberg Weiss has won more than 20 billion in class-action suits but has not escaped controversy of its own. It is being investigated by a Los Angeles federal grand jury over allegations that it paid "professional plaintiffs" to use their names on lawsuits.Few of Lerach's cases ever get to court, Settling on the law court steps is an American tradition and often less embarrassing and expensive than taking a case all the way. But the rules have been rewritten since Enron's collapse. Having failed to reach an argreement with Lerach and others, Arthur Andersen trial starts this week in Houston over accountant's alleged destruction of Enron-related documents. On Wednesday another judge will hear from other defendants being pursued by Lerach.Lerach's original suit was filed late last year in Houston's federal court on behalf of the University of California Board of Regents, which lost 140m, and other Enron shareholders. The lawsuit names a stellar array of blue-chip banks, including Barclays, Citigroup and Merrill Lynch, as parties to the alleged Enron scheme that cost investor 25 billion. It also names law firms and 60 Enron and Arthur Andersen executives, directors and partners. When the judge decides whether to let any of the parties escape the court case, due in December 2003, settlement talks will begin in earnest. In the meantime, the heat is being turned up on Lerach. A recent Wall Street Journal editorial attacked the university for hiring him. "The real lesson for the Regents is that when you lie down with lawyers, you catch ethical fleas, "it said. The Journal's attack tallies with many senior business figures who privately say Lerach and his followers have made the law a joke, basing their attacks more on a participant's ability to pay than their guilt. "Lerach isn't expecting to prove his case in court, but only in the media, hoping defendants will settle regardless of guilt to get their names out of the news. Is that a good lesson for the kids?" asked thejournal.Lerach did not return calls when asked to comment, but Trey Davis, a university spokesman, dismissed the criticism: "The decision to name the investment banks and the law firms is not based on a search for assets in the wake of Enron's bankruptcy and Arthur Andersen's business decline, "he said. "It's an earnest effort seeking return of money that rightfully belongs to the victims."John Coffee, law professor at Columbia University, says the rise in class actions is inevitable give the fall in stock prices. And he says that, if anything, changes in the rules have improved the quality of many cases filed. Legal reforms, introduced in 1995, have made it almost impossible for disgruntled investors to sue a company for disgruntled investors to sue a company for missing its profit forecasts. The changes also require lawyers to show evidence of wrong-doing for a case to proceed. The reforms were designed to curb the frivolous lawsuits that ad become part of the cost of doing business for almost every American public company. Most cases now brought against companies allege some sort of accounting impropriety.And says Coffee, the reforms mean more suits now have a strong case to answer. "There's a whole industry out there saying securities litigation is all frivolous, " he says. "There's a high correlation between an earnings restatement and some highly suspicious monkey business with the prior financial reporting. I don't think these are cases in which the defendants are perfectly innocent victims."4. What are the class action lawsuits referred to in the passage? What do you learn about Bill Lerach's law firm?5 What does it mean by the sentence "Milberg Weiss... has not escaped controversy of its own."(Para. 2)?6.What do you know from the Wall Street Journal editorial's attack (Para. 4)?III. WritingThe position of women in society has changed markedly in the last twenty years. Many of the problems young people now experience, such as juvenile delinquency, arise from the fact that many married women now work and are not at home to care for their children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? （no less than 500 words）。
上海外国语大学考研英语语言文学英汉互译模拟题分享
上海外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试模拟题考试科目：英汉互译（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在指定答题纸上，答在试卷上无效）I. Translate the following into Chinese. (75 points)The fact is that, as a writer, Faulkner is no more interested in solving problems than he is tempted to indulge in sociological comments on the sudden changes in the economic position of the southern states. The defeat and the consequences of defeat are merely the soil out of which his epics grow. He is not fascinated by men as a community but by man in the community, the individual as a final unity in himself, curiously unmoved by external conditions. The tragedies of these individuals have nothing in common with Greek tragedy: they are led to their inexorable end by passions caused by inheritance, traditions, and environment, passions which are expressed either in a sudden outburst or in a slow liberation from perhaps generations-old restrictions. With almost every new work Faulkner penetrates deeper into the human psyche, into man’s greatness and powers ofself-sacrifice, lust for power, cupidity, spiritual poverty,narrow-mindedness, burlesque obstinacy, anguish, terror, and degenerate aberrations. As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists.Neither do any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His subhuman and superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge from his mind with a reality that few existing people - even those nearest to us - can give us, and they move in a milieu whose odours of subtropical plants, ladies’ perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate immediately even into a Scandinavian’s warm and cozy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunter’s intimate knowledge of his own hunting ground, the topographer’s accuracy, and the impressionist’s sensitivity.Moreover—side-by-side with Joyce and perhaps even more so—Faulkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which his limited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.II. Translate the following into English. (75 points)隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。
上外考研翻硕英语阅读理解经济类题材模拟分享
上外考研翻硕英语阅读理解经济类题材模拟分享Richard Evans, a retired lorry driver, and his family were travelling in Spain last summer when their camper van broke down. They left it to be brought back by the AA. But customs officers at Dover claimed it was being used for smuggling. They seized the vehicle and all its contents, including 9,000 cigarettes and 20 bottles of spirits. The van, worth £20,000 ($30,800), is still impounded. It even took Mr. Evans six months to recover his 90-year-old mother-in-law’s wheelchair.Under European Union regulations, people may import an unlimited quantity of alcohol and tobacco, so long as it is for their own personal use. Had Mr. Evans been driving his van himself, he would probably have had no trouble. Cases like this are putting Customs a nd Excise’s considerable powers under scrutiny. A recent stinging High Court judgment about another vehicle seizure said, "the mindset of those determining these policies has not embraced the world of an internal market where excise goods can move freely across internal frontiers." And, on September 18th, the EU announced that it was giving Britain two months to prove that customs officers were not breaching consumers’ rights to shop freely in Europe. "Cross-border shopping...is a fundamental right under EU law and should not be regarded as a form of tax evasion," said Frits Bolkestein, the internal market commissioner.Customs officers have an impossible job. Excise duty and V AT on a pack of premium brand cigarettes account for 79% of the recommended retail selling price of £4.51. An identical pack costs £1.97 in Belgium. One in every five cigarettes smoked in Britain--some 17 billion altogether--has been smuggled. The Tobacco Manufacturers’ Association reckons that 80% of hand-rolling tobacco is smuggled.The main weapon Customs and Excise has in tackling abuse is to seize cars in which it suspects goods are being smuggled. Guidelines suggest "personal use" can mean only up to 800 cigarettes, for example. Anyone bringing in more can be asked to explain. In the past three years, customs officers have impounded more than 22,000 vehicles. Tellingly, only a fifth of seizures are contested, and fewer than 1% of appeals are successful. Officials say the value of cross-channel smuggling has fallen sharply in the past year, from £1.6 billion to £400m.Some customs officers, though, have clearly been over-zealous. And the recent High Court case ruled that the legislation under which Customs and Excise operates wrongly reverses the burden of proof. The defendant must prove that he is not bringing in tobacco and so forth for a commercial purpose. It also said that customs officers must have "reasonable grounds" for searches: suspicion and instinct are not enough. The government is appealing.The minister in charge of Customs and Excise, John Healey, acceptsthat there is an urgent need to respond to questions about the "legitimacy" of the Customs regime. But he says the charge that Customs are abusing their powers is wrong: "Customs," he says, "never stop at random, they never do blanket searches. They always have some ground for stopping people." Tell that to Mr Evans.1. How could Richard Evans have avoided such a trouble?[A]If the camper van didn’t break down on the way.[B]If the amount of alcohol and tobacco were not too large.[C]If he carried cigarettes and spirits for personal use.[D]If he hadn’t asked others to drive the car.2. How does the EU feel about the behavior of Customs and Excise?[A]Critical.[B]Optimistic.[C]Indifferent.[D]Supportive.3. How can Customs and Excise check the smuggling effectively?[A]By doing blanket searches.[B]By seizing the suspect cars.[C]By limiting shopping in Europe.[D]By stopping at random.4. What is the charge against Customs and Excise?[A]They are abusing their power.[B]They deprive Europeans of their right to a free shop.[C]They seize the car for no good reason.[D]Their power is too excessive.5. By “Tell that to Mr Evans.”(Last Line, Paragraph 6), the authormeans _____________.[A]Evans should learn a lesson from his experience[B]what John Healey has said is good for Evans[C]he does not believe what John Healey has said[D]Evans should understand what he has experienced答案：DABAC篇章剖析本文采用提出问题—分析问题的模式，非常客观地分析了海关工作确实是一件非常棘手，但也确实非常必要的工作，但在工作中有些官员表现得过于“热情”，有滥用职权的嫌疑，所以招致了一些公民的指控。
2019年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语专业学位研究生入学考试初试模拟题
说明：所有答案写在答题纸上，不要做任何标记。
此试题由育明教育提供，仅供育明教育考研集训营学员参考对外经济贸易大学2019年翻译硕士英语专业学位研究生入学考试初试模拟题考试科目：211翻译硕士英语1,As it turned out to be a small house party, we _so formally.A, need not have dressed up; b,must not have dressed upC, did not need to dress up; d,must not dress up2, Children under 16 are _from the usual charged for dental treatment.A, exempt; blikely; c, irresponsible; d, subject3,_for the war, the two countries would have normalized their relations 30 years earlier.A, If it was not; b If had it not been; c Were it not; d, Had it not been4, Intelligent is to the mind _sight is to the body.A, what; b, which; c, that; d, like5,As a senior professor she would have known better_ to get involved in such a scandal.A, and not; b, but not; c, than; d, than not6, The decision_, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.A, been made; b, has been made; c, having been made; d, having been making 7, It is absolutly essential that William_his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A, will continue; b, continued; c, continue; d, continues8,_at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A, Looking; b, Looked; c, Being looked; d, To look9, The research requires more money than_.A, have been put in; b, has been put in; c, being put in; d, to be put in10, It is not uncommen for there_problems of communications between the old abd the young.A,being; b, would; c, be; d, to be11, Buddhis has an integral and _influence on Chinese national life and culture.A, persistent; b, persuasive; c, pervasive; d, perceptive12, You’d better not take his remarks too seriously, which apparently were_.A, simultaneous; b, substantial; c, spontaneous; d, sporadic13, What’s the chance of _an open-book exam this semester?A, there is ; b, there being; c, there be; d, there is going to be14, He opened his lips as if _some reply.A, to make; b, having made; c, to be made; d, to make15,The speaker explained to everyone _that the dely was inevitable.A, that presents; b, was present; c, present; d, at present16, Fewer and fewer of today’s workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field,_the same company.A, all else; b, much worse; c, less likely; d, let alone17, Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores and this is especially true_ it comes to classroom tests.A, before; b, as; c, since; d, when18, Although a teenager, Tom could resist _ what to do and what not to do.A, to be told; b, having been told; c, being told; d, to have been told19, His words will convince none but the most _A, credible; b, credulous; c, compatible; d, creditable20, There is no doubt that the _ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A, prestige; b, superiority; c, priority; d, publicity21, A lawyer needs an_ secretery.A, inefficient; b, efficient; c, effective; d, sufficient22,_ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy is.A, To give; b, Given; c, Giving; d, Having givenSection II.Identify Stylistic ProblemsIdentify the stylic problem with each of the following sentences by choosing A, B, C OR D. Write your correct sentence on the ANSWER SHEET23, Wind is an enduring source of power. Water is also an unlimited energy source. Dams produce hydraulic power. They have existed for a long time. Windmills are relatively new.24, Most of those computers in the Learning Assistance Center are broken already, this proves my point about American computer manufactures.25, The boy showed us his ticket so someone gave.26, Many of his customers coming back three or four times over the summer.27, When Julia was four years old, her parents divorced. After 18 years of marriage. 28, There are many students want to go abroad to study.29, It is going to rain, take umbralla with you.30, Mrs Blanco gone to visit her mother at the hospital.PartII Reading Comprehension(40%)Passage 1 Reading the following passage and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here aresome of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examinat ion doesn’t bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities.In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the classsystem.[B] Equality means money.[C] There is no such society as classless society.[D] Nature can’t give you a classless society.2. According to the author, the same educational op portunities can’t get rid ofinequality because[A] the principle ‘survival of the fittest’ exists.[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.3. Who can obtain more rapid success[A] those with wealth.[B] Those with the best brains.[C] Those with the best opportunities.[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certainextent? Because[A] money decides everything.[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.[D] Wealth is used for political ends.5. According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to[A] the rich and the poor.[B] Different opportunities for people.[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.[D] Genius and stupidity.Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise；and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter totheir sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to[A] speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] identify a problem.[C] bring together disparate facts.[D] stipulate clear goals.2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem；Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.4. The text provides support for which of the following statements？[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.Passage 3Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessor''s musical style did not include essential characteristics that define jazz as jazz. Thus,1940''s swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950''s who were themselves attacked by free jazzes of the 1960''s. The neoboppers of the 1980''s and 1990''s attacked almost everybody else. The titanic figure of Black saxophonist John Coltrane has complicated the arguments made by proponents of styles from bebop through neobop because in his own musical journey he drew from all those styles. His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable. At the height of his popularity, Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop, the style that had brought him fame, to explore the outer reaches of jazz.Coltrane himself probably believed that the only essential characteristic of jazz was improvisation, the one constant in his journey from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal, Indian, and African melodies. On the other hand, this dogged student and prodigious technician — who insisted on spending hours each day practicing scales from theory books —was never able to jettison completely the influence of bebop, with its fast and elaborate chains of notes and ornaments on melody.Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played the tenor saxophone: he favored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy, regularly accented beats. The first led Coltrane to sheets of sound” where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notes into each other to suggest stacked harmonies. The second meant that his sense of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop.Three recordings illustrate Coltrane''s energizing explorations. Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis, Coltrane found himself outside bop, exploring modal melodies. Here he played surging, lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifs — an organizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos. On Giant Steps, Coltrane debuted as leader, introducing his own compositions. Here the sheets of sound, downbeat accents, repetitions, and great speed are part of each solo, and the variety of the shapes of his phrases is unique. Coltrane''s searching explorations produced solid achievement. My Favorite Things was another kind of watershed. Here Coltrane played the sopranosaxophone, an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians. Musically, the results were astounding. With the soprano''s piping sound, ideas that had sounded dark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy.When Coltrane began recording for the Impulse！Label, he was still searching. His music became raucous, physical. His influence on rockers was enormous, including Jimi Hendrix, the rock guitarist, who, following Coltrane, raised the extended guitar solo using repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form.The primary purpose of the text is to[A] discuss the place of Coltrane in the world of jazz and describe his musical explorations.[B] examine the nature of bebop and contrast it with improvisational jazz.[C] analyze the musical sources of Coltrane''s style and their influence on his work.[D] acknowledge the influence of Coltrane''s music on rock music and rock musicians.Which of the following best describes the organization of the fourth paragraph？[A] A thesis referred to earlier in the text is mentioned and illustrated with three specific examples.[B] A thesis is stated and three examples are given each suggesting that a correction needs to be made to a thesis referred to earlier in the text.[C] A thesis referred to earlier in the text is mentioned, and three examples are presented and ranked in order of their support of the thesis.[D] A thesis is stated, three seemingly opposing examples are presented, and their underlying correspondence is explained.According to the text, John Coltrane did all of the following during his career EXCEPT[A] improvise on melodies from a number of different cultures.[B] perform as leader as well as soloist.[C] spend time improving his technical skills.[D] eliminate the influence of bebop on his own music.According to the text a major difference between Coltrane and other jazz musicians was the[A] degree to which Coltrane''s music encompassed all of jazz.[B] repetition of motifs that Coltrane used in his solos.[C] number of his own compositions that Coltrane recorded.[D] indifference Coltrane maintained to musical technique.In terms of its tone and form, the text can best be characterized as[A] dogmatic explanation.[B] indignant denial.[C] enthusiastic praise.[D] speculative study.Passage 4Choose the best from the following sentences marked A to E to complete the article below. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Part III WritingThe first chart below shows the results of survey which sampled a cross-section of 100,000 people asking if they travelled abroad and why travelled for period 1994-98. The second chart shows their destinations over the same period.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.汉语写作与百科知识（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）一百科知识：解释出现在下列短文中划线的名词。
考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷488(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷488(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.75% of GDP out of the economy with tax rises and spending cuts. The recently agreed budget deal will help cut the fiscal squeeze to 0.5% of GDP this year. All these factors could boost America’s growth to around 3% in 2014, well above its trend rate. More spending by American firms and households will, in turn, buoy demand for goods and services from everywhere from China to Germany. America’s appetite for foreign wares is not what it once was, but its economy is so big that faster spending will push up exports around the globe. The resulting support for growth will, in turn, improve domestic confidence from Europe to Japan.1．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?A．America’s economy is always promising after each financial crisis.B．American people are confident in their stock market.C．Holding too high expectations for American economy is not advisable.D．America’s economy will suffer another decline in 2014.正确答案：C解析：选项A、B、D都是对第一段内容的表述，并有扭曲，第二段首句发生了转折“Yet amid the new-year cheer, it is worth remembering that almost every year since the financial crisis upbeat expectations have been disappointed.”选项C符合转折部分所表达的核心内容。
翻译硕士模拟考试题及答案
翻译硕士模拟考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项是“翻译硕士”的英文表达？A. Master of TranslationB. Master of Translation StudiesC. Master in TranslationD. Master of Translational Studies答案：B2. “信、达、雅”是哪位翻译家提出的翻译标准？A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 王力D. 钱钟书答案：A3. 翻译理论中的“等效性”是由哪位学者提出的？A. Eugene NidaB. Peter NewmarkC. J.C. CatfordD. Nida答案：A4. 下列哪个是翻译过程中的常见问题？A. 语法错误B. 词汇选择不当C. 语义不明确D. 所有选项都是答案：D5. 翻译硕士课程通常包括哪些内容？A. 翻译技巧B. 语言对比C. 文化研究D. 所有选项都是答案：D...（此处省略中间题目，以保持篇幅适中）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述翻译过程中的“直译”和“意译”的区别。
答案：直译是指在翻译时尽量保持原文的字面意思和结构，而意译则更注重传达原文的内在含义和精神，可能在语言形式上做出较大调整。
2. 描述翻译硕士课程中常见的评估方式。
答案：常见的评估方式包括课程论文、翻译实践、口译练习、模拟翻译项目、期末考试等。
3. 阐述翻译中如何处理文化差异。
答案：处理文化差异需要译者具备跨文化交际能力，能够识别和理解源语言和目标语言文化中的特定元素，并通过适当的翻译策略，如文化适应、文化补偿等，使译文既能传达原文的文化内涵，又能为目标语言读者所接受。
三、翻译实践题（每题25分，共50分）1. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
”答案：With the continuous deepening of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important.2. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文："The advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we live and work."答案：技术的进步彻底改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
上海外国语大学英语语言文学考研中译英翻译练习
上海外国语大学英语语言文学考研中译英翻译练习英语试题中，翻译的题材政治、经济、文化等主题都可能会涉及。
今天再给筒子们分享几个中译英考研专项训练题，尝试做一下，感受一下题目的特点，平时也多做训练，加强应试能力。
练习一我写小说的道路张恨水我在十一二岁，看小说已经成迷了，十四五岁我就拿起笔来，仿照七侠五义的套子，构成一个十三岁的孩子，会玩大铁锤[1]。
这小说叫什么名字，现在记不得了，可是这里面我还画成了画，画一个小侠客，拿着两柄大锤，舞成了旋风舞[2]。
我为什么这样爱作小说，还要画侠客图呢？因为我的弟妹以及小舅父，喜欢听我说小侠客故事，有时我把图摊开来，他们也哈哈大笑。
至今我想起来，何以弄小说连图都画上了。
说我求名吗？除了家里三四个听客，于外没有人知道，当然不是。
说我求利吗？大人真个知道了，那真会笑掉了大牙。
当然也不是。
我就喜欢这样玩意，喜欢，我就高兴乱涂。
什么我也不求。
How I Started My Career as a NovelistZhang HenshuiI became engrossed in reading fiction when I was12.At15,I wrote a story patterned after Seven Swordsmen and Five Gallants[1].I did it like I was a small kid having the audacity to wield a heavy iron hammer.I have forgotten the title of the story,but,I remember,it was illustrated with my drawing of a hero dancing around like mad wielding a pair of giant maces.I enjoyed writing stories illustrated with my drawings of gallants because my younger brothers and sisters plus my young uncle all liked to listen to my storytelling.And they would be greatly amused when I sometimes showed them the illustrations.Did I seek fame?Of course not,for I had no other listeners except a handful of my own folks.Did I seek personal gain?No,not either, for that would have made a laughing stock of myself in the family.I did it for love. That's all there is to it.练习二我到十五六岁，小说读的更多了。
上外考研翻硕英语经济类题材阅读理解模拟题分享
上外考研翻硕英语经济类题材阅读理解模拟题分享Open-outcry trading is supposed to be a quaint, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures, the benchmark contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.The NYMEX is trying to snatch liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has hitherto concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from "locals"--self-employed traders--is helping to prop up open-outcry, although some reckon that customers pay up to five times as much aswith electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to abolish its floor. Only last month it signed a lease, lasting until 2011, for its trading floor in London.Dublin’s new pit is "showing promise", says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr L aughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be viable. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.Ultimately, having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable. Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little headway. And the NYMEX has dabbled in Brent contracts before, without success.Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not band together? There have been merger talks before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more staid IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the twoexchanges will slug it out--across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.1. The NYMEX and IPE are___________.[A] both using open outcry trading as a major trading form[B] partners that are reciprocal in their business activities[C] rivals that are competing in the oil trading market[D] both taking efforts to modernize their trading practic2.According to the author, one of the reasons that the NYMEX takesopen-outcry trading is__________.[A] the preference of its customers[B] the standard practice of energy exchange[C] the long tradition of this trading practice[D] the nostalgic feeling it arouses3. The word “glitches” (Line 2, Paragraph 4) most probably means_________.[A] backwardness[B] disappointments[C] engineers[D] problems4.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that_________.[A] trading volume in the IPE’s n ew morning electronic session is falling[B] London is a better business location for energy exchanges thanDublin[C] Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of Ireland[D] the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that___________.[A] it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businesses[B] the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shown[C] the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each other[D] the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案：C A D B A篇章剖析本文介绍了两家能源交易所之间的商战。
上海对外经贸大学2017年翻译硕士英语模拟测试题
XX对外经贸大学2017年研究生入学考试模拟题翻译硕士英语（100分 180分钟）一、选择题1. The_ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’slives.A. zephyrB.zodiacC.zymeD.zest2. It’s a_ timetable. Sometime lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.A. haphazardB.odiousC.haughtyD.handicapped3. No men was allowed to_ on the livelihood of his neighbour.A. wadeB.invokeC.muffleD.infringe4. The poor man’s clothes were so_ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.A. oozedB.raggedC.moppedD.mocked5. The scents of the flowers was_ to us by the breeze.A. interceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted6. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of_.A.vagabonedB.sabotageC.paradoxD.tachyon7. The actor amused the audience by_ some well-known people.A. embroideringB.riggingC.yelpingD.mimicking8. The speaker_ us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure.A. detourB.offsetC.tantalizedhered9. I assure you there was no_ motive in my suggestion.A. ulteriorB.stationaryC. vulgarD. toxic10. Government loan have been the_ of several shaky business companies.A. tornadoB.salvationC.delinquencyD. momentum11. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as_.A. trophiesB. filletC. tulipD. clown12. We saw the canoe_, throwing its passengers into the water.A. prostrateB. overturnC. simulateD. brag13. He has been drinking alcohol so heavily that his death severely affected and got his_ alcoholically.A. quittanceB. qualmC. quailD. quietus14. The orphanage is just one of her_ causes.A. phoneticB. philanthropicC. prevalentD. lunatic15. After a period of probation a_ becomes a nun.A. sopranoB. hippie C novice D. monsieur16. Despite his wealth and position, he has an_ personality.A. unassumingB. unprecedentedC. underminingD. uncouth17. The island is maintained as a_ for endangered species.A. wetlandsB. sanctuaryC. mire D .heath18. If you_ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue19. A_ is a grill on which meat, fish, and other foods are cooled over hot charcoal, usually out of doors.A. duetB. fagC. tonicD. barbecue20. The_ warned the sleeping troops that the enemy was creeping near.A. pickpocketB. picketC. pikeD. pickup二、阅读理解Text ANew and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer anized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates.This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm.With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price.Criminal groups couldalso resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent.Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack.Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base.A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.Computer vulnerability has been amply documented.One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against anized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics.Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders….Compute rs are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery.Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation.By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun.By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers.Cities and nations could become hostages.Homicide could take a now form.The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not.Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1.How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?[A]7[B]8[C]9[D]102.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’scomputer?[A]His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.[B]His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.[C]His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.[D]His purpose is to steal important data.3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?[A]Sabotage of a university computer.[B]Sabotage of a hospital computer.[C]Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.[D]Sabotage of a factory computer.4.What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?[A]There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.[B]Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.[C]The computer can replace any weapons.[D]The function of a computer is just like a gun.Text BThe increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level.Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19…,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later.Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks hadenjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part.In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point.We continue to believe that this could be the case.For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios.Below a certain ratio they are considered good value—above a certain ratio, overpriced.If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a nume rical ratio upon the company’s earnings.We have also contended in the past Letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook.When investors—both the public and the institutions—are nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields.These same investors—when they are in an optimistic frame of mind—become for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth.If the public’s attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.5.The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ___________[A]A Time to Sell Stock.[B]A Strong Stock Market[C]Raising the Margin Rate[C]Price/earnings Ratio in Steel6.When investors are pessimistic what do they do?[A]They look to the FRB for help.[B]They buy steel[C]They buy automobile stocks.[D]They look for high yields.7.Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market?[A]Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio.[B]Because the activity had been limited to blue chips.[C]Because the rise was conservative.[D]Because of the FRB action.8.When investors are optimistic, what do they do?[A]They look for accelerated growth.[B]They buy speciality stocks.[C]They look for high yields.[D]They are more prudent.Text CIf you want to know why Denmark is the world's leader in wind power, start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen --mind the bicyclists --to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland．You'll feel it as you cross the 6.8 km-long Great Belt Bridge：Denmark's bountiful wind，so fierce even on a calm summer's day that itthreatens to shove your car into the waves below．But wind itself is onlypart of the reason．In Lem，workers in factories the size of aircrafthangars build the wind turbines sold by Vestas，the Danish company thathas emerged as the industry's top manufacturer around the globe．Thework is both gross and fine；employees weld together massive curvedsheets of steel to make central shafts as tall as a 14-story building，andassemble engine housings(机器外罩)that hold some 18,000 separateparts．Most impressive are the turbine's blades, which scoop the windwith each sweeping revolution．As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit andhoned to aerodynamic perfection，each blade weighs in at 7,000 kg，and they’re what help make Vestas’turbines the best in theworld．“The blade is where the secret is，”says Erik Therkelsen，aVestas executive．“If we can make a turbine，it's sold．”But technology, like the wind itself is just one more part of the reason for Denmark's dominance．In the end，it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader and to follow through．Beginning in 1979，the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry．Copenhagen covered 30% of investment costs，and guaranteed loans for large turbine exporters such as Vestas．It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price—thus guaranteeing investors a customer base．Energy taxes were channeled into research centres，where engineers crafted designs that would eventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas’3-magawatt(MW)V90 turbine．As a result．wind turbines now dot Denmark．The country gets more than 1 9％of its electricity from the breeze(Spain and Portugal，the next highest countries，get about 1 0％)and Danish companies control one—third of the global wind market，earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch．“They were out early in driving renewables，and that gave them the chance to be a technology leader and a job—creation leader,”says Jake Schmidt，international climate policy director for the New York City—based Natural Resources Defense Council．“They have always been one or two steps ahead of others."The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up．Beyond wind，the country(pop.5.5 million)is a world leader in energy efficiency，getting more GDP per watt than any other member of the E．U．Carbon emissions are down 13.3％from 1990 levels and total energy consumption has barely moved，even as Denmark's economy continued to grow at a healthy clip．With Copenhagen set to host all-important U．N．climate change talks in December --where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol -- and the global recession beginning to hit environmental plans in capitals everywhere，Denmark's example couldn't be more timely．“We'll try to make Denmark a showroom.”says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen．“You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions，and achieve economic growth."It's tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green，with the kind of Scandinavian good conscience that has made it such a pleasant global citizen since，oh，the whole Viking thing．But the country’s policies were actually born from a different emotion，one now in common currency：fear．When the 1973 oil crisis hit，90％of Denmark's energy came from petroleum，almost all of it imported．Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world，Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation，to the point ofintroducing car-free Sundays and asking businesses to switch off lights during closing hours．Eventually the Mideast oil started flowing again，and the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea．It was enough to make them more than self-sufficient．But unlike most other countries，Denmark never forgot the lessons of l973，and kept driving for greater energy efficiency and a more diversified energy supply．The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standards to support more efficient buildings．“It all started out without any regard for the climate or the environment，”says SvendAuken，the former head of Denmark’s opposition Social Democrat Party and the architect of the country's environmental policies in the 1990s．“But today there’s a consensus that we need to build renewable power."To the rest of the world，Denmark has the power of its example showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time．“Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience，not just painful,”says NRDC's Schmidt．The real pain could come from failing to follow in their footsteps．9．Which of the following is NOT cited as a main reason for Denmark's world leadership in wind power? A．Technology．B．Wind．C．Government drive． D．Geographical location．10．The author has detailed some of the efforts of the Danish Government in promoting the wind industry in order to showA．the government’s determination．B．the country’s subsidy and loan policies．C．the importance of export to the country．D．the role of taxation to the economy．11．What does the author mean by“Denmark's example couldn’t be more timely”?A．Denmark's energy-saving efforts cannot be followed by other countries．B．Denmark can manufacture more wind turbines for other countries．C．Denmark's energy-saving Success offers the world a useful model．D．Denmark aims to show the world that it can develop even faster．12．Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A．Not to save energy could lead to serious consequences．B．Energy saving cannot go together with economic growth．C．Energy saving efforts can be painful but positive．D．Denmark is a powerful leader in the global wind market．Text DPop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty.Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands togreet them.The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols.The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive aeroplanes.They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards.Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news.If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well.It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public.They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them.They are no longer private individuals, but public property.The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly.The great days of Hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale.Bytoday’s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite sospectacular.A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did.The competition for the title‘Top of the Pops’is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way.Don’t the topmen in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency – often more than large industrial concerns – and the taxman can only be grateful fro their massive annual contributions to the exchequer.So who would begrudge them their rewards?It’s all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about thesuccesses and rewards of others.People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living.A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards.He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn.But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormousrisks.He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top.He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure.But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them.That’s the essence of private enterprise.13.The sentence Pop stars’ style of living was once the prerogative only of Royalty means ___________[A] their life was as luxurious as that of royalty.[B] They enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty.[C] They are rather rich.[D] Their way of living was the same as that of the royalty.14.What is the author’s attitude toward top stars’ high income?[A] Approval.[B] Disapproval.[C] Ironical.[D] Critical.15.It can be inferred from the passage ___________[A] there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top.[B] People are blind in idolizing stars.[C] Successful Pop stars give great entertainment.[D] The tax they have paid are great.16.What can we learn from the passage?[A] Successful man should get high-income repayment.[B] Pop stars made great contribution to a country.[C] Pop stars can enjoy the life of royalty.[D] Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg.Text EWe might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell younothing about a person’s true ability an d aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of success of failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.Itdoesn’tmatter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your motherdied.Little things like that don’t count：the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can wewonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’：young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are only human.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an e xaminer’s.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The bestcomment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall：‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’17.The main idea of this passage is ___________[A] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.[B] examinations are ineffective.[C] examinations are profitable for institutions.[D] examinations are a burden on students.18.The author’s attitude toward examinations is ___________[A]detest.[B] approval.[C] critical.[D] indifferent.19.The fate of students is decided by ___________[A] education.[B] institutions.[C] examinations.[D] students themselves.20.According to the author, the most important of a good education is ___________[A] to encourage students to read widely.[B] to train students to think on their own.[C] to teach students how to tackle exams.[D] to master his fate.三、修辞填空Oxymoron parody Euphemism Hyperbole Alliteration Chiasmus Pun Repetition epistrophe irony1.Mary's two daughters are different in their personalities in a thousand and one ways.2.She is auditory-impaired3.The coach had a bitter-sweet memories4.The man is not rich because he is honest, but he is honest because he is rich(Defoe)5.The world believes in the wonder worker, not in the words of wisdom. (Richard Jefferson)6.So he laid down his arms.7.Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.8.To eat is human; to digest, divine.9.It is in the soil of ignorance that poverty is planted. It is in the soil of ignorance that diseaseflourishes. It is in the soil of ignorance that racial and religious strife takes root (Lyndon B. Johnson)10.And this day will come, shall come, must come.四、神话词汇填空1.Pygmalion2.Trojan horses3.Achilles’ heel．4.an apple of discord5.Greek gifts6.cut the Gordian knot7.swan song8.a Helen of Troy9.herculean task 10. the sword of damocles1.Tired of political dodges，the candidate decided to ________ by announcing that he would run．2.Vietnam was President Johnson’s ______________．3.The compilation of the Oxford English Dictionary was a ____________．4.The dispute about inheriting estate formed _____________between them.5.The superpowers are always sending the _____________to many countries in the world.6.He is always buying you expensive clothes, I'm afraid they are______________for you.7.It is unfair that historians always attribute the fall of kingdoms to ____________.8.Thanks to her agent，a veritable___________，she was transformed from an ugly duckling into a Hollywood beauty.9.All the tickets have been sold for the singer's performance in London this week--the public clearly believes that this will be her ___________. 10.One person close to the company compared the government's role to _________, an ever-present evil hanging over their heads.五、作文Some believe that people should never be satisfies with what they have and should always strive for something new and different, but there are also people who believe that those who constantly fell satisfied tend to be happy. What is your opinion? Write a composition of about 600 words on the following topic:Does Satisfaction Bring Happiness?In the first pact of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In tire last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
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上外考研翻译硕士英语阅读理解单选经济类模拟题Thanks to slumping markets, investment banks are shedding many of their highly-paid traders. When markets recover, the banks might be tempted to replace them with rather cheaper talent. One alternative has been around for a while but has yet to catch on: autonomous trading agents-computers programmed to act like the human version without such pesky costs as holidays, lunch breaks or bonuses. Program trading has, of course, been done before; some blamed the 1987 stockmarket crash on computers instructed with simple decision-making rules. But robots can be smarter than that.Dave Cliff, a researcher at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories in Bristol, England, has been creating trading robots for seven years. In computer simulations he lets them evolve "genetically", and so allows them to adapt and fit models of real-world financial markets. His experiments have suggested that a redesign of some markets could lead to greater efficiency. Last year, a research group at IBM showed that Mr Cliff’s artificial traders could consistently beat the human variety, in various kinds of market. Nearly all take the shape of an auction. One well-known type is the English auction, familiar to patrons of the salesrooms of Christie’s and Sotheby’s, where sellers ke ep mum on their offer price, and buyers increase their bids by stages until only one remains.At the other extreme is the Dutch auction, familiar to 17th-century tulip-traders in the Netherlands as well as to bidders for American Treasury bonds. Here, buyers remain silent, and a seller reduces his price until it is accepted. Most markets for shares, commodities, foreign exchange and derivatives are a hybrid of these two types: buyers and sellers can announce their bid or offer prices at any time, and deals are constantly being closed, a so-called "continuous double auction".Mr Cliff’s novel idea was to apply his evolutionary computer programs to marketplaces themselves. Why not, he thought, try and see what types of auction would let traders converge most quickly towards an equilibrium price? The results were surprising. In his models, auctions that let buyers and sellers bid at any time like most of today’s financial exchanges were less efficient than ones that required relatively more bids from either buyers or sellers. These "evolved auctions" also withstood big market shocks, such as crashes and panics, better than today’s real-world versions. Mr Cliff’s most recent results, which will be presented in Sydney, Australia, on December 10th, show that the best type of auction for any market depends crucially on even slight differences in the number of buyers and sellers.Bank of America has been investigating these new auctions, along with robotic traders, for possible use in electronic exchanges. The hope is that today’s financial auctions and online marketplaces might work betterby becoming more like their English and Dutch forebears.1. The passage is mainly__________.[A] a review of two kinds of auctions[B] an introduction of trading robots[C] a survey of the trading market[D] about trading alternatives2. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] David’s robot traders have now been used in real-world markets.[B] Robot traders can evolve like creatures.[C] There is room for improvement in efficiency in trading markets.[D] The English auction is the most popular trading form.3.If you were trading American Treasury bonds, you would mostlikely take the trading form of ___________.[A] the English auction[B] the continuous double auction[C] the Dutch auction[D] the evolved auction4.We can infer from the text that______________.[A] existing auctions can not withstand market shocks[B] the Dutch auction is better than the continuous double auction[C] it’s hard for traders to r each an equilibrium price[D] the best type of auction takes place when the number of the buyers isequal to that of sellers5. Toward robot traders, the writer’s attitude can be said tobe__________.[A] biased[B] objective[C] pessimistic[D] optimistic答案：B C C B D篇章剖析本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了一种机器人交易员。
第一段以银行也需要薪资更低廉的交易员开始引入机器人交易员的话题，说明机器人交易员不同于程序交易，是聪明的交易员。
第二段介绍了这种机器人交易员的研发过程和其模拟的一种拍卖形式。
第三段介绍了其他拍卖形式。
第四段介绍了这种机器人交易员在模拟拍卖中的表现。
最后一段对这种机器人交易员的前景及影响作了简单评价。
词汇注释slump: v. (价格等)暴跌, (买卖)清淡; 衰落; 萧条shed: v. 去除除去（不想要或不需要的东西）pesky: adj. 讨厌的，麻烦的auction: n. 拍卖patron: n. 顾客；主顾salesroom: n. 拍卖场mum: adj. 沉默的；无言的；不说话的derivative: n. 衍生物hybrid: n. 混合物converge: v. 达成一致趋于或达成联合、共同结论或者结果equilibrium: n. 平衡forebear: n. 祖先，祖宗cliffhang: v. 扣人心弦,悬疑难句突破In his models, auctions that let buyers and sellers bid at any time like most of today’s financial exchanges were less efficient than ones that required relatively more bids from either buyers or sellers.主体句式：auctions… were less efficient than ones..结构分析：这是一个复杂句，句子的主语auctions后面有一个that引导的定语从句对它进行修饰，句子主体结构中包含了一个比较级，在比较的对象ones后面也有一个that引导的定语从句对它进行修饰。