高考英语语法省略

高考英语语法省略

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高考英语语法——省略

无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。

简单句中的省略

1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。

(1) (I) Thank you for your help.

(2) (I) See you tomorrow.

(3) (It) Doesn’t matter.

(4) (I) Beg your pardon.

2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分

(1) (There is) No smoking .

(2) (Is there) Anything wrong

(3) (Will you) Have a smoke

(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea

(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him

3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:

(1) –Are you going there --Yes, I’d like to (go there).

(2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).

(3) –Are you an engineer --No, but I want to be.

(4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.

4、省略表语

(1) –Are you thirsty --Yes, I am (thirsty).

(2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).

5、同时省略几个成分

(1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.

(2) –-Have you finished your work

---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.

1、主句中有一些成分被省略

(1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill.

(2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good c hance.

2、主句中有一些成分被省略

(1) –Is he coming back tonight --I think so.

(2) –She must be busy now --If so, she can’t go with us.

(3) –Is she feeling better today --I’m afraid not.

(4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting --I guess not.

这种用法常见的有：How so Why so Is that so I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.

两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

(1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.

1、连词的that省略

(1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。

(2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。

2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分

(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.

(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.

(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.

(4) If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.

状语从句的省略原则主要是：如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现就把各种状语从句的省略。现象列举如下：

一、时间状语从句中的省略

When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.

她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。

While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.

我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生

When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.)

到达之后，来个电报

Don’t come in until (you are) asked to.

不叫你请你不要进来

Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help.

不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。

You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible.

你应尽快让我们知道结果。

注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。

我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.

二、地点状语从句中的省略. 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：