主谓一致 知识讲解

主谓一致

Subject—Verb Agreement

概念引入：

I am a teacher

She often does her homework in the morning.

There is only one box on the table.

There are 50 students in our class.

语法讲解：

【高清课堂：直接引语和间接引语P1】

什么是主谓一致？

1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

一般来说，不可数名词与可数名词单数用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。

比如:

He are a teacher.

I is a student.

分类讲解

一、语法一致原则

1、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数

A student is studying English.

Serving the people is my great happiness.

When we deliver the goods hasn't been decided.

When and where we will go hasn't been decided.

但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。

What you did is right.

What you need are these dictionaries.

2、复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式

All the students _____clever. （are）

They _____English very much. (like)

3、用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。

① Both my father and my mother ____farmers. （are）

②What I think and what I do ___been fairly in disagreement. （have）

注意:(1)当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。

Each student and each teacher __been given a task. （has）

Every flower and every bush ___to be cut down. （is）

(2)当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。

The worker and writer ____(be) from Wuhan. （is）

The worker and the writer _____(be) from Beijing. （are）

4、不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;

Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. （has）

Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. （breaks）

5、each of…/either of…./one of…谓语动词用单数.none of…/neither of…可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数

1) Each of the students ___a book.（has）

2) None of us _____perfect. （are，is）

3) Neither of them _______the answer.（know/knows）

4) None of this ______me. （worries）None of this money ____mine. （is）*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。Neither statement _______true. （was）6、“many a +单数名词

more than one+单数名词

one and a half +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数

1.) many a foreigner___ been to the Great Wall. （has）

2.)More than one student___ turned up at the meeting. （was）

3.) One and a half bananas ___eaten by the boy. （was）

7. Some /a lot of /half of…./the rest of…../part of…/plenty of…/分数（%）+of…the majority of + 名词”等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。

① Two-thirds of the students ____from countryside. （come）

② Ninety percent of the work ___ been done. （has）

8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。

(1)与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。

I, who ___your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(am)

(2) which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数

As ___known, I am beautiful. （is）

(3) one of +复数名词+ 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词+ 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。

Tom is one of the students who__ good at playing football. （are）

Tom is the only one of the students who___ good at playing football. （is）

二、意义一致原则：

9. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

The group ____ made up of nine students. （is）

The group____ dancing happily. （are）

注意1：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族（可数名词，peoples)

The Chinese people __a brave people （is）

Chinese people___ making our country richer and richer. （are）

2. Population