2015年高考英语考前讲话(任务型)

第五部分任务型阅读一、考纲要求：任务型阅读类型：分为表格型和树状型两类。

二、解题步骤：1）快速通读全文，理解文章大意，对全文有个整体把握。

2）浏览图表，分析图表的设计结构和层次，明确填空要求。

3）根据图表，在文章中捕捉信息并定位，对比信息、分析信息、整合信息，准确表达。

4）通观全篇，复读检查。

书写工整、语法规范、内容形式不失误，保证答题质量。

三、专项突破在高考任务型阅读中，一般考查以下三种题型：信息查找题、信息转换题、信息归纳题。

1. 信息查找题解题关键：根据问题与表格中的主要信息查找定位信息，常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。

如：2. 信息转换题（要求对短文的原句进行分析加工整理，根据句型结构变化，即表达方式的变化和语法规则等提炼出新的单词，常常要注意变化形式。

此类的题容易拉开档次。

）解题关键:是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。

由于此类题是高考最常考的题型，这里结合近年来的高考题做具体的讲解。

（一）词形转换：即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。

解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。

（二）语义转换即练习将一词的同义词和反义词找出来。

做此类题的技巧如下：1）同义词（短语）转换2.) 以前缀和后缀来表示，例如happy-unhappy，like - dislike，等。

例题如下：3.）有很多词并没有前缀和后缀形式标志，如old - young, long - short，different- same等。

分析：仔细分析原句，知本题关键是找出seldom的反义词，而且能修饰visitor。

答案：frequent。

4.）以词组形式出现,如：be good at - be weak in, turn down - turn up， be awake - be asleep，catch up with - fall behind， both... and... - neither... nor等。

例题如下：（三）句子结构转换做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。

3.信息归纳题A: 解题关键：解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。

归纳词的特征有：B: 归纳词特征：1）概括性：在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息2）针对性：量体裁衣，大小适度3）醒目C：常见归纳词1 原因:：causes of ，reasons for2 建议：Suggestions /Tips / Advice3 结论：Conclusion4 评价：Evaluation5 事物的发展顺序: development6 态度：attitude (towards)7. 态度的两方面：positive / negative /subjective /objective8. 比较：comparison --- 相似点similarities /不同点differences9. 文章的标题：Title10. 文章的中心思想：Theme11. 作者的观点：view /opinion /idea/viewpoints12. 举例说明：Examples13. 解决问题的方法solutions14 方法：way / method/ approach15 影响：effect / impact / influence16 结果: results/consequences17. 总结：summary18. 阐明: show / illustrate19. 解释explanation / explain20. 分析：analysis21. 介绍：introduction22. 定义：definition23. 描述：description24. 问题：question / problem25. 现象：phenomenon /phenomena (复数)26: 说明：instruction27: 指导：direction28. 行为：behaviour （一般不可数）29: 目录catalogue30: 种类：kind /type/ category31. 特点：Feature / characteristics32: 目标：aim/ purpose33. 材料: material34: 年龄：age35: 性别：gender36：地方：place37: 时代：times / periods38. 作用：roles39. 功能：function40. 症状：symptom41. 事件：event42. 方面：aspects43: 项目：item44: 内容content45: 预言prediction46. 重要性：significance / importance47. 优/缺点：advantage /disadvantage (一般成对出现)课后巩固练习（一）Albert Einstein’s was estimated at 160, Madonna’s is 140, and John F. Kennedy’s was only 119, but as it turns out, your IQ score pales in comparison with your EQ (Emotional Intelligence), MQ (Moral Intelligence), and BQ (Body Intelligence) scores when it comes to predicting your success and professional achievement.A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success. Nobel Prize winning Israeli-American psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.With this in mind, instead of exclusively focusing on your conventional intelligence quotient, you should make an investment in strengthening your EQ, MQ, and BQ. These concepts may be difficult to measure, but their significance is far greater than IQ.Emotional IntelligenceEQ in brief is about: being aware of your own feelings and those of others, regulating these feelings in yourself and others, using emotions that are appropriate to the situation, and building relationships.Top Tip for Improvement: First, become aware of your inner dialogue. It helps to keep a journal of what thoughts fill your mind during the day. Stress can be a huge killer of emotional intelligence, so you also need to develop healthy coping techniques that can effectively and quickly reduce stress.Moral IntelligenceMQ directly follows EQ as it deals with your integrity, responsibility, sympathy, and forgiveness. Keeping commitments, maintaining your integrity, and being honest are crucial to moral intelligence.Top Tip for Improvement: Make fewer excuses and take responsibility for your actions. Show sympathy and communicate respect to others. Show tolerance of other people’s shortcomings. Forgiveness is not just about how we relate to others; it’s also how you relate to and feel about yourself.Body IntelligenceLastly, there is your BQ, or body intelligence, which reflects what you know about your body, how you feel about it, and take care of it. Your body is constantly telling you things; are you listening to the signals or ignoring them? Are you eating energy-giving or energy-draining foods on a daily basis? Are you getting enough rest? Do you exercise and take care of your body? It may seem like these matters are unrelated to professional performance, but your body intelligence absolutely affects your work because it largely determines your feelings, state of mind, and energy level.Top Tip for Improvement: At least once a day, listen to the messages your body is sending you about your health. Live a healthy lifestyle from the aspects mentioned above. Monitoring your weight, and making sure you have down time can dramatically benefit the way you perform at work.It doesn’t matter if you did not receive the best academic training from a top university. A person with less education who has fully developed their EQ, MQ, and BQ can be far more successful than a person with an impressive education who falls short in these other categories. Your IQ will help you personally, but EQ, MQ, and BQ will benefit everyone around you as well. If you can master the complexities of these unique, you will achieve greater success and be regarded as more professionally competent and capable.（二）Few people need to be told not to overspend on credit or debit cards or to curb impulse shopping. You know you shouldn’t, even if you always do. What you need are solutions. Whatever your problems with money, you can change—but it’s going to take work. After all, you’re trying to break lifelong patterns. Start with these strategies.Strategy 1A lot of people set themselves up for failure because they have a mindset of either indulgence (放纵) or deprivation (克制). If you try to deprive yourself of too much, where you spend almost nothing, then you end up giving up, and you indulge, and then you overspend. So if you have an unrealistic plan, you’re probably going to lose control.Good habits happen when planned; bad habits happen on their own.Strategy 2Changing your mindset is effective in solving the problem. Take Smith-Acuna for example. She says she had a couple in therapy who constantly quarreled about what she feels has become a monetary cliché. They would always argue about how much money they were spending at Starbucks. The wife loved capping off each workday with a drink. Ultimately, the wife ended up quitting her Starbucks habit. Instead of replacing her drink with nothing, she got something else, something free, in return.Strategy 3It’s a good start if you switch from paying for merchandise and services with a debit or credit card to paying with cash. It’s easy when you’re using plastic to mindlessly swipe and fall into a pattern of not thinking or noticing how much you’r e actually spending. You can divide up your money and put it into envelopes, marking down on the envelopes what each pile of money is for. That can make it easier to see where your money is going.Strategy 4Get a receipt for every purchase. Breaking up your expenses into categories like food, clothing, housing, medical care and so on, but also labeling each expense as a need or a want. Be realistic as to what is really necessary. A need is something where you would die or go to jail if you didn’t spend the money or ruin your credit. At the end of the month, total up all the categories. Do this, and you’ll be more educated about how much money you actually have, and how much you have left over for fun stuff.Strategy 5There is probably a reason you developed bad habits, which are often adopted on the road easier traveled. So if you’re suddenly balancing your bank account every day, or you’re regularly putting money into an emergency fund, plan to give yourself some sort of prize for the past two1. vary/differ2. necessarily3. preference4. factors5. adapt/adjust6. Reducing/Easing/Relieving7. behave/act8. professionally 9. diet 10. Beneficial1. took2. intended/designed/meant3. extremes4. realistic5.rid6.how7. unaware/unconscious8.divide9. needs 10. reward一、高考任务型阅读常考同义替换整理1.bring about/result in/lead to/contribute to/account for/cause/make for导致2.result from=arise from是…的结果3.in particular=particularly in peace=peacefully4.in silence=silently in harmony=harmoniously in part=partly5.be accused of=be charged with被指控6.in advance=ahead of time(schedule) 预先7.put forward=come up with提出8.at random= randomly随意地9.object to doing=oppose doing=be opposed to doing=raise an objection to 反对做某事10.support=be in favor of=favor=subscribe to支持11.date back to=date from始于/追溯到12.on behalf of=represent代表13.on top of/apart from/aside from/besides/as well as除了14.a variety of+n. /varieties of+n. =various+n. 各种各样的15.make full use of= make the most(best) of= take advantage of利用16.show up=turn up=appear显露17.be worth doing=be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done值得deserve doing17.be related to= be associated with= be linked to= be connected with跟…有关18.stand/bear/tolerate/put up with 忍受19.put off doing=delay doing=postpone doing=buy time to do推迟20.do with=deal with=cope with=handle 处理21.need/want/require doing=need/want/require to be done 想要/需要做某事22.(sth) deserve doing=(sth) deserve to be done 值得做23.supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb=offer sb sth/offer sth to sb.提供某人某物24.have an effect on=have effect(s) /impact / influence on =affect 对…有影响25.an approach to doing sth.=a way of doing sth.=a way to do sth.=How to do sth. 做…的方法26.consist of=be made up of=be composed of 由…组成a class consisting of 50 students=A class made up of 50 students 由50个学生组成的班级27. replace B with A= substitute A for B= take the place of B 用A替代B28. resemble=look like= be similar to =bear a resemblance to 像…类似于29. sb make sense of sth=sb understand sth 某人明白某事30. be of use/ value=be useful/valuable 对…有用31. be accessible to=have access to=be available to 可获得的32. accompany sb=keep sb company companion同伴/伴侣33. be drunk with= be addicted to =be hooked on 沉迷于34. manage to do=succeed in doing （设法）成功做某事35. to be hones/frank/strict=..honestly/frankly/strictly speaking坦率的/直白的/严格说来to be precise 精确地来说36. as soon as sb does=upon/on doing 一…就37. including sth=sth included 包括38. be absorbed in = be lost in= be buried in 专心于39. be tired/sick of=be bored with=be fed up with 对…感到困倦40. have an edge/advantage over=be superior to= be better than… 胜过…比…强41. be consistent with =be in line with= corresponded to= agree with 与…相一致42. differ from=be different from 与…不同43.take the place of A=be in place of A=replace 取代44. at your convenience=when it is convenient for you 当你方便时45. account for=make up 占据…比例46. take up=occupy 占据believe in=trust 信任take in sth. =absorb sth 理解，吸收47. on one’s own=by oneself=alone=independently 自己独立48. be exposed to sth/ exposure to… 使…暴露于49. at hand=handy 在手边50. be aware/conscious of=realize=recognize 意识到…51. tell the difference between A and B =make a distinction between A and B 区分=tell/distinguish A from B= tell…apart (注意：没有differ A from B)52. escape from=flee 逃离53. the remaining money=the money left 剩下的钱54. face sth=be faced with sth 面对某事Facing sth=Faced with sth (状语) 面临某事55. be responsible for=take responsibility for=answer for… 对…负责56. make fun of=laugh at=tease=mock 嘲笑57. at the same time=meanwhile 同时58. in spite of /despite +短语=Though/ Although/ While+句子/ 虽然（用as 要倒装）59. beyond belief=incredible=unbelievable 难以置信的60. out of the question=impossible 不可能out of question =no problem 没问题61. treat sb badly=abuse sb 虐待某人62. convince sb=make sb convinced 使某人信服63. be unaware of=fail to notice=overlook=ignore=neglect 忽视64. take pride in=be proud of 对…感到自豪65. be dressed in=wear sth 穿着66. burst into tears=burst out crying 突然大哭67. stress /underline/ emphasize the importance of sth 强调68. look after=take care of=attend to 照顾69. seek=look for=search for…/ be in search of 寻找70. starve to death=die of hunger/starvation 饿死71. sth benefit sb=sth be beneficial to sb=sth be of benefit to sb=sb benefit from sth某人从某事受益72. every year= yearly= annual 每年的36=3 dozen 3打73. 100 years= 1 century= 10 decades 100年 a fortnight= two weeks 两周74. make preparations for=be in preparation for…= prepare for 为…做准备75. take an active part in = take part in sth actively 积极参加Have a positive influence on = influence sth positively 积极影响76. compensate for=make up for 补偿77. commit oneself to doing= promise to do 承诺做78. sth kill sb= sth cost sb the life= claim one’s life 某物杀了某人79. matter/count/be very important 重要80. list the things that you are good at= list what/ all you are good at 列举你擅长的81. be tired out= be worn out= be exhausted= be burnt out= be weary 累坏了82. online= on the Internet 在网上83. socially responsible= social responsibility 社会责任84. come into being/existence=form/exist … 存在/形成85. catch on.= be popular 流行的86. now and then= sometimes=occasionally 偶然87. make one’s dream come true = realize/live one’s dream 实现某人梦想88. make an apology=apologize to sb.89. be over=end=put…to an end= come to an end 结束90. don’t/never do=a void doing= keep away from…91. be able to do sth.= be capable of sth.92. use up= run out of… run out= give out= be used up93. most of the people= the majority of the people94. learn good citizenship= learn to be good citizens95. improve one’s skills= polish up one’s skills96. lack sth.= be short of sth.= be lacking in 缺少97. without destroying them= without causing destruction.98. limit sth = keep sth in check 限制99. cause sb to participate in sth = involve sb in sth100. A be responsible for B= B cause/ result in / lead to A 三、任务型阅读短文。