会计学原理-约翰·J·怀尔德版-上海交通大学-10

Land Improvements
Parking lots, driveways, fences, walks, shrubs, and lighting systems.
Depreciate over useful life of improvements.
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Called Property, Plant, & Equipment
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C1
Plant Assets
Plant Assets as a Percent of Total Assets
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 74% 54% 55%
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Conceptual Learning Objectives
C1: Describe plant assets and issues in accounting for them. C2: Explain depreciation and the factors affecting its computation. C3: Explain depreciation for partial years and changes in estimates.
$50,000 - $5,000 = $9,000 5 years
Dr. 9,000 Cr. 9,000
Depreciation Expense Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment
To record annual depreciation
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Disposal 4. Record disposal.
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P1
Cost Determination
Purchase price All expenditures needed to prepare the asset for its intended use
P1
Lump-Sum Asset Purchase
The total cost of a combined purchase of land and building is separated on the basis of their relative market values. On January 1, Matrix, Inc. purchased land and building for $200,000 cash. The appraised values are building, $162,500, and land, $87,500. How much of the $200,000 purchase price will be charged to the building and land accounts?
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Analytical Learning Objectives
A1: Compare and analyze alternative depreciation methods. A2: Compute total asset turnover and apply it to analyze a company’s use of assets.
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P1
Lump-Sum Asset Purchase
Appraised Value a $ 87,500 162,500 $ 250,000 % of Value b* Purchase Price Apportioned Cost
Chapter 10
Plant Assets, Natural Resources, and Intangibles
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Contents
Property, Plant, & Equipment
The calculation of depreciation requires three amounts for each asset:
1.
Cost Salvage Value Useful Life
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2. 3.
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Balance Sheet Income Statement Cost Allocation
Acquisition Cost
(Unused)
Expense
(Used)
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C2
Factors in Computing Depreciation
Acquisition CostFra Baidu bibliotek
Acquisition cost excludes financing charges and cash discounts.
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P1
Land
Title insurance premiums Purchase price Delinquent taxes
Asset Land Building Total
c b × c 35% × $ 200,000 = $ 70,000 35% 65% × 65% 200,000 = 130,000 100% 100% $ 200,000
$87,500 $250,000 35% * $87,500 ÷÷$250,000 ==35% $162,500 ÷ $250,000 = 65%
P1
Buildings
Cost of purchase or construction Title fees
Brokerage fees
Attorney fees
Taxes
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P1
Machinery and Equipment
Depreciation = Expense for Period
Cost - Salvage Value Useful life
On January 1, 2007, equipment was purchased for $50,000 cash. The equipment has an estimated useful life of five years and an estimated residual value of $5,000.
Purchase price
Taxes
Transportation charges Installing, assembling, and testing
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Insurance while in transit
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Real estate commissions Title search and transfer fees
Surveying fees
Land is not depreciable.
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P1
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C1
Plant Assets
Tangible in Nature
Actively Used in Operations
Expected to Benefit Future Periods
9%
eBay
Wal-Mart
AnheuserBusch
McDonald's
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C1
Plant Assets
Acquisition 1. Compute cost.
Use 2. Allocate cost to periods benefited. 3. Account for subsequent expenditures.
Acquisition cost Depreciation Methods
Straight-line Units-of-production Double-declining-balance
Disposal of PPE
Natural Resources Intangible assets Exchange of plant assets (Appendix)
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C2
Depreciation
Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of a plant asset to expense in the accounting periods benefiting from its use.
C2
Depreciation Methods
1.
Straight-line Units-of-production Declining-balance
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P2
Straight-Line Method
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Procedural Learning Objectives
P1: Apply the cost principle to compute the cost of plant assets. P2: Compute and record depreciation using the straight-line, units-of-production, and declining-balance methods. P3: Distinguish between revenue and capital expenditures, and account for them. P4: Account for asset disposal through discarding or selling an asset. P5: Account for natural resource assets and their depletion. P6: Account for intangible assets. P7: Appendix 10A: Account for asset exchanges
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P2
Straight-Line Method
Depreciation = Expense for Period
Depreciation = Expense per Year
Cost - Salvage Value Useful life