虚拟语气(2)

虚拟语气(2)虚拟语气是用来表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的情况。

主要是通过动词的变化来体现的。

▲在某些主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法在It is important, impossible, strange, vital 至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad,urgent, suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that…句型中，主语从句在英国英语中用should +原形动词。

在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。

在for fear that（以防……起见）引导的条件句中用法同上。

在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in case, on condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气，用法同上。

●It is necessary that he（should）come on time toattend the meeting.他按时来出席会议是必要的。

●It is natural that he（should）love Merry.他爱玛丽是很自然的事。

●He took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain.他带了一把伞，以防天下雨。

●As long a s my wife (should) get ready, we will go.只要我太太准备好了，我们就去。

▲在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。

英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略“should”用原形动词●He insisted that we（should）get there on time.他坚持我们要按时到那。

●The dean proposed that the question（should）not bediscussed at once.系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。

▲在think, expect, believe, 是否定形式时，宾语从句可用虚拟语气：should +动词原形，should不可省。

●She said she never expected I should lend money to her. ▲suggestion, proposal, request, advice, order,command等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。

The general’s command was that the soldiers (should) leave their fort and carry out more important tasks.▲were (was) to 有时在虚拟条件句中用were (was)表示试探的口气。

●If you were (was) to do something like that I would notmarry you.如果你要做那种事，我就不会嫁给你了。

▲would have done, should have done上面两种用法也经常表示虚拟，意思是本应该做而没有做的事情。

would 表示从客观上讲，而should表示从主观上讲。

●You would have taken taxi t o come here.你本应该坐出租汽车来这儿。

●If I had known she was rich, I should have married her.如果我知道她是个富翁，我本该娶她。

▲We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would studyshould (would) have done 表示过去本该做，而没有做的事情。

一、阅读理解。

(1)If I were21 and wanted to study medicine医学, I don’t think I would pack off 打好旅行to school. ①I would get a job as an orderly（卫生员，护工）in a hospital, carry ing out bedpans便盆, if necessary, and look and listen. After a year or two of that, I might know what kind of medicine I wanted to study. Maybe I would find that I preferred to become an expert in hormones荷尔蒙, rather than a surgeon外科医生. I might even end up as a chemist药剂师or a maker of surgical 外科的equipment器材. I would see where the job led me.If I were 21 and not scientifically inclined（爱好科学）, Iwould not disdain a job selling plastic dishes, for instance, from house to house. Such a salesman would learn so much about people, more than I would have an opportunity to in a laboratory. He should make money and have fun. He might learn some new things about what people want to buy that would help the researcher, the designer or the manufacturer. It is not the job you take that matters so much, as what you do with it②.I heard the other day of a young demobilized serviceman （复员军人）who was embittered because his former employer gave him his old job back—sealing envelopes. Yet sealing envelopes is not a bad job. Some bright young man might derive an invention from it. Are envelopes made the way they should be or does an envelope look the way it does because we’re used to the way it looks? I don’t know. What about the glue, our methods of stamping and addressing?What I am getting at,③is that some people are tempted to shoot too high④. One way to find out what you want to do in life is to try all kinds of jobs. If you don’t like working in a filling station, try a store, an office, a shop, a farm. Not only will you find out what you want to do, but you will also pick up, as you go along, an amazing amount of useful information.I know a young man who is uncertain whether to be a boat-builder or an accountant. I suggested, when he asked my advice, that he sit down at a typewriter and write two essays—one on the advantages of being a boat builder, the other on the advantages of an accountant. Then he shouldwrite two more on the disadvantages of each one, and study what he has written. One never knows what is in his mind until he gets busy and lets it out.A lot of people seem to think that a man learns only in his teens. Boys get this impression from their elders and, on emerging from the armed services at the age of 22 or 23, imagine themselves too old to take up such a noble science as, for example, medicine.I was in my early 70’s when I studied medicine, not for a degree but to enable me better to experiment with a “fever medicine”（发热药）which we invented in our laboratories. It is used to cure or alleviate certain types of disease with heat therapy（热疗）.Two years ago I took up hydrogen-electric welding（氢气电焊法）, and became a pretty good welder. I was trying to find a means of eliminating the sputter. I relate this in no spirit of boastfulness. I just want youngsters to know that they are never too old to learn. Even at our best, we use just a tiny bit of our brains⑤.We are making more and more new things. The more we make, the more men will work and the more people will buy. Employment will snowball. There are more opportunities today in this land than there have ever been. They are increasing in number and I think they are infinite.The older I get, the more I realize that the highest good is the good of the people. If I were to choose an occupation again, I should consider three things: how well it served the public; how much fun there was in it; and, of course, whether it’s financial reward would meet my need.①pack off to school打铺盖卷去上学②该句是强调句型，原句应是The job you take matters not so much, as what you do withit. 句子not…so much…that…是习惯用法，意思是“与其说…不如说…”因强调not，用了It is not…that…的句型。