托福TPO49独立写作题目文本+满分范文
【必备资料】托福独立写作满分范文-现在人更容易保持健康
【必备资料】托福独立写作满分范文-现在人更容易保持健康对于托福写作来说，最为重要的额就是积累中不断的借鉴别人的经验，灵活运用，才能使自己的文章锦上添花。
下面点课台教育就为大家推荐一篇高分范文，希望能为大家的托福写作带来帮助。
托福独立写作题目： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays it is easier to maintain good health than in the past. Use specific examples to support your answer.托福独立写作范文：Currently, the average life expectancy of the Earth’s population is at an all-‐time high. Many factors have contributed to this, but the main reason people live longer now than ever before is because it is easier to live a healthier life than in the past.The main reason people live longer now is that the overall diet of modern society has improved. This can be attributed to advances in agricultural production. Thanks to more efficient and cost-‐ effective machinery and transportation, food is more abundant and cheaper now more than ever. Fruits, for example, are more readily available than before. In the past, summer fruits such as strawberries and oranges were not available during the wintertime. Now, because of refrigeration and greenhouse technology, we can buy any kind of fruit, regardless of the season. This allows people to have a wider variety of vitamins in their diet, increasing their overall health.In addition to the advancement of agricultural science, there have been great advances in nutritional science. Scientists and dietitians understand more now than they did in the past about what is required in our daily diets. Issues like vitamin deficiency were not properly understood in the past, so people would have several complications without understanding the cause or the cure. People also better understand what foods to avoid. For example in the past, gout was a serious problem among men, who did not understand that a diet of rich and oily foods with few vegetables was the cause of this health defect. Now, proper nutrition is common knowledge and each year advances are made in understanding health. We know more know, so it’s easier for us to maintainour health.Finally, it is easier to maintain our health now in the past, because modern governments have established better systems of health and sanitation. In the past, aspects of the health system, like medical education and research, were not well organized. In the past doctors received their degrees from institutions that all had varying requirements. Now there is a more established system of medical education, including international standards and guidelines. Governments play a large part in implementing these standards. Other systems of health regulation that governments have established is sanitation. Before people understand the importance of proper waste disposal, cities were susceptible to devastating plagues. In modern times, through proper sewage systems, waste disposal, and other health quarantine measures governments have been able to effectively contain diseases and help save the lives of many people. These systems have made it easier to keep the general popular safe and healthy.With the advancement and development of food production, nutritional science, and government systems of health and sanitation has made it more possible than ever for people to lead long and healthy lives. (460 words).tab111 a:link,.table111 a:hover {padding:2px 4px;}.tab111 a:hover,.table111 a:active {background:#FFF;color:#FFCC99;padding:2px 4px;text-decoration:none;}.tab111 {font-family: 微软雅黑;}.tab111 a { color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;}.tab111 a:link,.table111 a:hover {padding:2px 4px;}.tab111 a:hover,.table111 a:active {background:#FFF;color:#FFCC99;padding:2px 4px;text-decoration:none; }.tab111 {font-family: 微软雅黑;}.tab111 a { color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;}。
托福备考之独立写作满分范文整理
托福备考之独立写作满分范文整理task：How do movies or television influence people’s behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.托福备考之独立写作满分范文：The Influence of Television and MoviesThere is no doubt that watching television and movies can influence the way that people behave. Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more time watching some sort of visual entertainment, whether it is television, a video tape or a DVD. Therefore, the effects of visual media cannot be ignored.One obvious effect of these media is that watching them induces people to buy certain products. Television advertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters permit advertisements. Another way TV and the movies affect people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or a distorted one, depending on what type of program they watch. Those who watch news and educational program can learn many new things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come to believe that most people inthe world possess great wealth and good looks. It may make them become dissatisfied with their own lives. Finally, perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate acts that they see on TV or in the movies.With the ever-increasing popularity of video entertainment, society must pay attention to these effects. Television and movies, while entertaining and informative, cannot take the place of real experience.托福备考之独立写作满分范文整理2task：It has been said, Not everything that is learned is contained in books. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?托福备考之独立写作满分范文：Book Knowledge vs ExperienceKnowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include books, teachers and practical experience, and each has its own advantages. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will nevermeet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. We can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books. In this way, we won’t repeat the mistakes of others and can build on their achievements.Practical experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful knowledge. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not. In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. That is why I believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from books.托福备考之独立写作满分范文整理3task：Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future?Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.托福备考之独立写作满分范文：The Advantages of Saving MoneyEveryone must work to live, but many people are fortunate enough to make more money than they immediately need. What should they do with this extra income? While it is tempting for people to spend it all on things they desire, I believe it is better to save at least a portion of the extra income for the future.By saving money, people give themselves more security. They cannot predict the future; perhaps one day they will be jobless. At a time like this their savings can spare them a great deal of suffering and help to see them through the hard time. In addition, saving money allows people to build up a larger sum. They can then buy something more worthwhile than the small things they can but if they spend the money right away. For example, they may be able to buy a house with their savings. Finally, the practice of saving helps people develop the habit of setting goals and planning for their future. In this way they are bound to lead more meaningful and successful lives.Most people would like to enjoy their money immediately.Nobody likes to wait for the things that he wants. However, if we learn to save our money, we can gain more advantages in the future. We will lead more secure and, thus, happier lives. We will also be able to buy the things we truly want but cannot afford right now.托福备考之独立写作满分范文整理4task：It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.托福备考之独立写作满分范文：Both the countryside and an urban environment have many things to offer. Many important museums and cultural venues can be found in the city. There is also often good access to educational resources and a wide variety of job opportunities. However, the countryside offers a more relaxed and peaceful way of life. Communities are often close-knit and secure. Although both environments offer good opportunities for development, it is my opinion that life in the countryside is more beneficial for children.One important advantage of raising children in the countryside is that the environment is cleaner and healthier. With fresh air to breathe, less crowded living conditions, andmore chances to take part in physical exercise, children in the country are usually healthier than those in the city. Another advantage of country living is safety. There is not only less crime in the countryside, but also fewer traffic accidents. Parents do not need to worry so much when their children are playing outside. A third advantage is the stronger sense of community in the country. Children know their neighbors and learn to care about others at an early age. Finally, a country upbringing allows children to experience a more natural environment without all the distractions of entertainment places in the city. Thus, they can concentrate on their schoolwork and their families.Due to the great number of advantages in raising children in the country, I believe it is better for children to grow up there rather than in a city. Without all the dangers and distractions of city life, they will grow up healthier and better grounded in the moral values of their culture.托福备考之独立写作满分范文整理。
托福TPO49综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO49综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO49综合写作阅读原文文本： Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility. First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity--a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation. Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances. Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by. 托福TPO49综合写作听力原文文本： Professor: The theory that humpback whales use the stars to navigate the open seas is a fascinating one, but the evidence supporting the theory is not very convincing. First, there doesn’t seem to be any real connection between intelligence and an animal's ability to use stars for navigation. You know, there are other animals that use stars to navigate. Some birds have this ability, like ducks for example. Now the general cognitive ability of ducks is only average. They are not highly intelligent. The fact that the ducks evolved the ability to use stars for navigation does not seem to have much of a connection to their overall intelligence. It's just an instinct they were born with, not a sign of intelligence. So the fact that humpback whales happen to be intelligent does not make them particularly likely to use stars for navigation. The two things just don't seem to be connected. Second, there may be a different explanation for the humpback whale’s abilityto navigate in straight lines. Remember that for animals to be able to do this, they have to sense some external object or force. Well, the external force the whales could be sensing is Earth’s magnetic field. Humpback whales have a substance in their brains called biomagnetite. Generally, the presence of biomagnetite in an animal’s body makes that animal sensitive to Earth’s magnetic field. The fact that there’s biomagnetite in the brains of humpback whales suggests that they orient themselves by the magnetic field rather than the stars when they migrate.Third, spyhopping probably has nothing to do with looking at stars. Spyhopping is rare, but there are other animals that exhibit it. Some sharks do it, for example. But sharks don't migrate or look at stars. Sharks spyhop to look for animals they want to hunt. And another thing, humpback whales often spyhop during the day, when no stars can be seen. So to suggest that the function of spyhopping is to look at stars is pure speculation. 托福TPO49综合写作满分范文： In the reading passage, the author states that humpback whales may navigate by stars to migrate long distances. However, the professor refutes this idea and thinks the reasons listed in the reading are unconvincing. First of all, the author claims that humpback whales are intelligent enough to navigate by stars, while the professor states that there is no correlation between intelligence and an animal’s ability to use stars for navigation. For example, some birds such as ducks evolved the ability for navigation by stars. And ducks are only of general cognitive ability, not as advanced as humpback whales’. So, it seems that there is no real connection between intelligence and the ability to use stars for navigation. In addition, the author argues that humpback whales have no land features in the ocean to help them migrate in straight lines for long distance. So, they have to rely on stars. However, the professor challenges this statement by pointing out that the presence of biomagnetite in the brains of humpback whales enables them to be sensitive to Earth’s magnetic field. It is Earth’s magnetic field that helps humpback whales to migrate. Finally, the professor cast doubt on what is stated in the reading that humpback whales look at the stars through spy-hopping, which is a rare behavior among marine animals. He claims that there is no connection between spy-hopping and looking at stars since there are other animals exhibit this behavior but do not migrate, such as sharks. Also, humpback whales do spyhop during the day when there are no stars can be seen in the sky. So, the statement that humpback whales adopt spyhopping to look at stars is not convincing. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO49综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO48小作文
In the reading passage, the writer states three main reasons why the number of frogs is declining these days and offers some solutions. But in the professor’s point of view, he thinks that the writer’s proposals are not practical so he states his different opinions by giving three practical solutions.First, the author of the passage emphasizes the importance of not using pesticide near the frog’s habitat. If people do that, many frogs will die, because their nervous system will be damaged by the pesticide spread by human. And he also appeals to the government to enact strict laws to prohibit such behavior. Nevertheless, the speaker holds the belief that there is almost no possibility for farmers to stop using pesticide. Because, compared with those farmers who still use pesticide, it is both unfair and unrealistic for those people who do not use pesticide to gain less crops and money.Second, the writer of the passage is convinced that it is fungus which cause the frogs die. And he also calls on government to take large-scale medication support to cure those infected frogs, which may have died from the lack of the medication in several days. But the lecturer refutes that there’s no possibility for this plan to be successful. For every single frog needs individual treatment. And there’s also no time and no method to treat every frog, and the medicine cannot be passed by to the new generations. So it isunrealistic to give large-scale medication support to frogs.Third, the writer still insists that it is the demolition of the frogs’habitats, especially the activities of human water using, that make the frogs die off. But actually, the professor has another totally different view. He thinks that it is the global warming which is threatening the creatures all over the world that accelerates the speed of the extinction of the frogs.。
托福独立写作满分范文整理
托福独立写作满分范文整理托福独立写作满分范文篇一Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own e某perience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice?As knowledge and e某perience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.E某perience and knowl edge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all e某perience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group’s wisdom. That e某plains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that e某plains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also e某plains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and e某change of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilitiesof each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking others’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea e某change sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福独立写作满分范文篇二Case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.E某perience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others' advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all e某perience and knowledge related toproblem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone's mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group's wisdom. That e某plains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders' of past great giants; that e某plains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also e某plains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and e某change of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking others' advice instead of getting everything done on one's own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea e某change sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福独立写作满分范文篇三After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns. Others live in different towns and cities. Which do you think is beterr? Give reasons for your answer.After they complete their univerrsity studies, some students preferr to live in their hometowns while others choose to live in different towns or cities. Everybody has his own reasons for his preference. After my graduation, I will go back and live in my home city. I have made this decision because of the following reasons.Firstly, my home city is a big city that can offer a lot. There are plenty of opportunities for work, many big libraries for studies, several differrent musiums for visit, and numerous cinemas, theaters and centers for entertainment. When I go back there, I will have no difficulty in finding a job suitable for me and I can make use of all the facilities available there.Secondly, if I go back to my home city, I can look after my parents. I take this into consideration because I am their only child and they are now weak and getting on in age. If I live in the same city with them, I can visit them very often and help them whenever it is necessary.Thirdly, if I live in my home city, I will have a lot of friends, schoolmates and relatives to visit and to turn to for help when I need. Of course, I could get acquainted with many people and make many friends if I were to go to live in a strange place, but that takes time. If I go back to my home city, everybody will be waiting for me and I will be able to settle down comfortably without any trouble and waste of time.In short, my choise is based on a careful consideration of myhome city and my family. I think it is a better or sensible choice; in a certain sense, it is a must.Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and e某amples in your answer.托福独立写作满分范文篇四If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property, who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up, and who is supportive in times of crisis.A good neighbor is someone who, for instance, understands that your children may occasionally run across his lawn,- even though you tell them not to. He'll realize that children can be careless about things like that, and he won't make a big fuss about it unless it becomes a regular thing. In the same vein, he knows that you'll understand if some of the trash from his trash cans blows across into your yard. In other words, he is sensitive to the unintentional things that can happen. He doesn't make a big deal about them.A good neighbor is also respectful of your property. For e某ample, she asks your permission before doing anything that interferes with what's yours. This means she wouldn't plant a huge tree in between your houses without asking how you felt about it. If she wanted to put up a fence, she would let you know first. She might work with you to decide where it should be placed. Maybe the two of you would even split the cost.A good neighbor would lend you some milk if you ran out. She'd give you a ride to work if your car was broken, and let your children stay at her house in the evening if you got stuck working overtime.You would do the same for her. Both of you would help make theother's life easier.When something really awful happens to you, like a death in the family, a good neighbor will volunteer to help in any way he can. This could mean something small, like making some casseroles to put in your freezer to feed visiting relatives. Or it could mean something big, like helping you get through the sadness of the funeral. I think only someone who has e某perienced a bad neighbor can really appreciate a good one! A good neighbor can be a good friend. He or she can make all the difference in the world to your life.托福独立写作满分范文篇五Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and esamples to support your answer.Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants, while others like to prepare food at home. Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle people have. Those with very busy jobs outside the house don’t always have time to cook. They like the convenien ce of eating out. Overall, though, it is cheaper and healthier to eat at home.While eating in restaurants is fast, the money you spend can add up. When I have dinner at a restaurant with a friend, the bill is usually over twenty dollars. I can buy a lot of groceries with that much money. Even lunch at a fast-food stand usually costs five or si 某dollars for one person. That’s enough to feed the whole family at home. Eating at home is better for you, too. Meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories, and they serve big plates of food-much more food-than you need to eat at one meal. If you cook food athome, you have more control over the ingredients. You can use margarine instead of butter on your potatoes, or not put so much cheese on top of your pizza. At home, you can control your portion size. You can serve yourself as little as you want. In a restaurant, you may eat a full plate of food "because you paid for it."It’s true that eating out is convenient. You don’t have to shop, or cook, or clean up. But real home cooking doesn’t have to take up a lot of time. There are lots of simple meals that don’t take long to make. In fact, they’re faster than eating out, especially if you think of the time you spend driving to a restaurant, parking, waiting for a table,, waiting for service, and driving home.Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both can taste good and be enjoyed with family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best.。
TPO48大作文
Just as the saying goes “An astute tactician with thorough strategy and deployment wins the distant battle.”So, it is obviously important to plan well before we do something. And it is especially essential for those young who are mostly irritable and always mess up everything because of inadequate planning..First, the possibility of succeeding in doing something will increase enormously if you plan and consider the whole event carefully. This is because plans enable us to know well about the factors behind things, which we are going to do. So if you do not plan well ahead of time, the possibilities of making a simple thing into a complicated one will increase immensely. Because you know it is almost impossible for a human being to do a complicated thing in details perfectly without any preparations. Second, with plans, we are able to keep well composed even under tremendous pressure or confronted with difficulties. This also enables us to consider things from different perspectives and get the best possible solutions. As we all know, young people are more likely to jump into conclusions without enough consideration and make impulsive decisions. This is because, living in a whiny society, they more often than not, think too highly of themselves. This may be the main reason for failing to do something. So it is also necessary for the youth keep calm and plan carefully in details before they set about doing something. That is to say, compared with those sophisticated people, who always do things wisely,the youth are more likely to take violent or stupid ways when they run into something complicated or difficult. And as a result of that will be no doubtfully a failure.Nevertheless, some people may hold the belief that planning is a waste of time, when the new technology device such as the weather forecaster and the analyzing machine like that come into being. But the reliability of this point of view is doubtful. First, good plans will actually reduce a lot of time when you start doing something, for you are familiar with the details of the project. Second, what I will do cannot be planned with the high technological devices. Because the judgment made by the machine, which are created by humming beings in nature, are not correct all the time. This means that even the machines will make mistakes, right?So all in all, planning is an important skill that cannot be replaced by anything. And it is both useful and vital to plan first when you begin to do something. Remembering plans is always your first scout when you step into an unfamiliar field.。
TPO 49 托福综合写作+独立写作范文
阅读原文Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances. Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.The theory that humpback whales use the stars to navigate the open seas is a fascinating one, but the evidence supporting the theory is not very convincing.First, there doesn’t seem to be any real connection between intelligence and an animal's ability to use stars for navigation. You know, there are other animals that use stars to navigate. Some birds have this ability, like ducks for example. Now the general cognitive ability of ducks is only average. They are not highly intelligent. The fact that the ducks evolved the ability to use stars for navigation does not seem to have much of a connection to their overall intelligence. It's just an instinct they were born with, not a sign of intelligence. So the fact that humpback whales happen to be intelligent does not make them particularly likely to use stars for navigation. The two things just don't seem to be connected.Second, there may be a different explanation for the humpback whale’s ability to navigate in straight lines. Remember that for animals to be able to do this, they have to sense some external object or force. Well, the external force the whales could be sensing is Earth’s magnetic field. Humpback whales have a substance in their brains called biomagnetite. Generally, the presence of biomagnetite in an animal’s body makes that animal sensitive to Earth’s magnetic field. The fact that there’s biomagnetite in the brains of humpback whales suggests that they orient themselves by the magnetic field rather than the stars when they migrate. Third, spyhopping probably has nothing to do with looking at stars. Spyhopping is rare, but there are other animals that exhibit it. Some sharks do it, for example. But sharks don't migrate or look at stars. Sharks spyhop to look for animals they want to hunt. And another thing, humpback whales often spyhop during the day, when no stars can be seen. So to suggest that the function of spyhopping is to look at stars is pure speculation.独立写作：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many new friends e specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。
托福TPO独立写作满分范文：诚实与友情（2）
Question：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. the traditional virtue of telling the truth in all situations is increasingly doubted by many in today’s world. Many believe that telling the truth is not always the best policy when dealing with people. Moreover, the line of a “truth” is becoming more and more vague. This essay will explore the importance of telling the truth in relationships between people. We all understand that often the truth is offending and may not be a very nice thing to both hear or say. Lies or white lies often have their advantages. The manipulation of white lies is the most obvious the business world. How many times have we heard that some product is “the finest” or “the cheapest”? how many times have we heard that products have such and such “magical functions”? advertising is about persuasion, and many would agree that if a company is to tell the absolute truth about it’s products, no one would be interested in even having a look at the products. The same logic applies to human relationships. If your friend had worn a newly purchased dress on her birthday and energetically asked you if it was a worthy buy, would you freely express your opinion that you had never seen a dress as the one she’s currently wearing? And spoil her birthday? Unarguably, hiding (entirely or particially) the truth in some situations can be quite handy indeed. Confrontations and disputes can seemingly be avoided. However, there is always the risk factor of the truth emerging sooner or later when telling an untruth. The basic trust in any relationships (businessman/customer, friends, parents/children) will be blotched, and would have an impact on the future relationship between both parties. The story of the “the boy who cried wolf” fully illustrates the consequences of telling untruths. No one will believe you when you’re telling the truth. Your word will have no weighting. In addition, another “bad factor” of telling untruths is that you have absolutely no control over when the truth (of previous untruths) will emerge. Untruths breed pain in both parties: tears when the truth is uncovered after a period of time; fear and the burden of sharing a “secret”. In the long run, it seems that hiding the truth is not beneficial to either party. Everyone hates betrayal. Even if it is the trend to occasionally hide the truth in relationships, it is strongly recommended that not to follow that trend as the risk and the consequences of the truth unfolded overwhelms the minimal advantages one can derive from not telling the truth After all, it is understood that relationships are founded on “trust” which goes hand in hand with “truth”. Indeed telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people. Always. Rater’s comment This lengthy essay presents a clear and very well-developed discussion of the issue. There are occasional instances of poor phrasing (“the line of a ‘truth’ is becoming more and more vague”), but these are more than offset by the rest of the response, which is fluent, varied, complex, and sophisticated. Again, the only noticeable fault is the failure to capitalize sentence-initial words.。
TPO49大作文
Like the saying goes, “Life without friends is just like desert”. The more friends we have, the more support we can get. While many people attach more importance to developing the ability of making new friends within a short period of time, I believed that the ability of maintaining friendship with a small group of people over a long period of time for happiness is more significant.First and foremost, old friends create easy atmosphere for you. This is because they easily know your likes and dislikes. So, there will be probably fewer barriers that can prevent you from exchanging ideas in a easy way..Let’s understand it in this way, when you are with new friends, you have to be careful with “des and dons”, but spending time with old friends, it is a totally different story. They enable us to enjoy the free atmosphere and this kind of happiness may be stay longer in your memories.Second, old friends are mostly loyal to you. Old friends are those who have been through many ups and downs with you, which means that, they know you well and will never leave you when you are down. For example if a person, who calls him/herself your best friend always intends to take advantage of you, he/she may be your new ‘friend’ just for a short period of time, but will ultimately abandon you at the moment when something adverse happens. In contrast , with old friends , nothing like that will happen in the similar situation. Everyone wants tostay with those who truly care about you. An old friend may not as friendly as you expect, and sometimes, he/she may point out your mistakes .but he is truly loyal to you. With the fidelity, your friendship will definitely last for a long time. Maybe you do not feel happy at first, but as the time goes by, you will gradually feel the warmth and happiness, which are untellable and uniquely different from the feelings coming from new friends.Some people may think that “the more friends I have, the more support and happiness I can get. So it is necessary to make as many friends as possible I can in a short time to expand my social sphere “. Such opinions are right in the front half of the sentence and totally wrong in the remaining. Making more friends is good, but the quality of your friendship is essential too. A real friend can give you support and real happiness while others may just give you support when you are in good condition or they make friends with you for some special purpose, and this way your happiness will always be temporary.So as you can see, true happiness only comes from the person that really cares about you, and the happiness that can’t be felt at first but can be gradually be felt as the time goes by is your real happiness。
托福听力tpo49 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo49lecture1、2、3、4原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (4)答案 (6)译文 (6)Lecture2 (8)原文 (8)题目 (10)答案 (12)译文 (12)Lecture3 (14)原文 (14)题目 (17)答案 (19)译文 (19)Lecture4 (21)原文 (21)题目 (23)答案 (25)译文 (25)Lecture1原文NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.MALE PROFESSOR:Alaska is fascinating to geologists because of its incrediblelandscapes.Uh,permafrost has a lot to do with this.That is,the areas where the ground—the soil—is always frozen,except for the very top layer—what we call the active layer of permafrost—which melts in the summer and refreezes again in the winter.The northern part of Alaska is covered in lakes—thousands of them—and most of these are what we call thaw lakes.T-h-a-w.Thaw lakes.I'm gonna show you a few sketches of them in a minute,so you'll have a good idea of what I'm talking about.So, how these thaw lakes are formed has to do with…OK,it starts with ice wedges.The top part of the ice wedge melts—Should I back up?Ice wedges form when water runs into cracks in the ground,the permafrost,then freezes.You ever see mud after it dries?Dried mud has cracks,because when it dries, it contracts,it shrinks.Well,in winter,permafrost behaves similarly.It shrinks in winter,because it freezes even more thoroughly then,and as it shrinks,it forms deep,deep cracks.Then in the summer,when the active layer—the top layer of the permafrost—melts,the melt water runs into those cracks in the permafrost,then freezes again—because that ground,the ground beneath the active layer,is still below freezing.So,you have wedges of ice in the permafrost.Now the ice wedges widen the original cracks in the permafrost,because water expands when it freezes.All right?OK,then in autumn,the active layer on top freezes again.Then in winter,the permafrost starts contracting again and the cracks open up even wider.So the next summer,when the active layer melts again and flows into the widened cracks…and…freezes…it makes the cracks even wider.So it’s sort of a cycle through which the cracks and the wedges grow wider and wider.So when the ice wedge reaches a certain size,its top part—in the active layer—turns into a little pond when it melts in the summer.And that's the beginning of your thaw lake.[pause]There are thousands of them in northern Alaska.One of the most fascinating things about these lakes—and this is important—is that they mostly havethe same shape.Like an elongated oval,or egg shape.And what's more,all the ovals are oriented in the same way.Here's an idea of what they look like,what the landscape looks like from an aerial view,with the lakes side by side.There's been considerable research done to try to figure out what causes them to be shaped and oriented this way.We know that the shape and orientation are caused by the way the lakes grow once they're formed,but the question is,what makes them grow this way?One theory sees winds as the cause.This region of Alaska has strong winds that blow perpendicular to the lakes.What happens is,wind blows straight into the longer side of the lakes.Now,wouldn’t that erode the lake bank in that direction?The same direction as the wind?Well…no.Actually,what happens is that the waves caused by the winds build a sorta protective layer of sediment—it's called a“protective shelf”—along the bank of the lake directly in front of them;so that bank is shielded from erosion,and the waves are diverted to the sides,to the left and to the right,and that’s why the left and the right banks start eroding.Get it?The bank straight ahead is protected,but the lake currents--the waves--erode the banks to the sides.That's the current model,um,the wind erosion model,which is generally accepted.But,there's a new theory that says that[deliberately]thaw slumping,not wind,is what shapes the thaw lakes.Thaw slumping,um…OK.Sometimes,in the summer,the temperature rises pretty quickly.So the active layer of permafrost thaws faster than the water can drain from the soil.So the sides of the thaw lakes get,like,mushy,and slump,or slide,into the lake.Then,the lake water spreads out more,and the lake gets bigger,OK?Also,in that part of Alaska,the terrain is gently sloped,so the lakes are all on an incline.Here.Now,this is an exaggeration of the angle—the hill isn't this steep—butsee how with the lake's banks,the side that is farther downhill…it's smaller,lower. This short bank thaws faster than the tall one does,so it falls into the lake—it slumps, much more and much faster than the other bank.When the short banks of many lakes slump,they move farther downhill and the lakes grow—all in the same downhill direction.This is a new theory,so it hasn't been tested much yet.In field studies,when we've looked at the banks of these thaw lakes,there's not much evidence of slumping. We'd expect to see cliff-like formations there,from the slumping,but we haven't really found many of those.题目1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?[Click on two answers.]A.To contrast how different kinds of thaw lakes growB.To explain why a new theory of thaw lakes is gaining acceptanceC.To explain how processes in permafrost lead to the formation of thaw lakesD.To describe two competing theories about the growth of thaw lakes2.The professor explains thaw lake formation as a cycle of events that occur repeatedly.Summarize this cycle,starting with the event filled in below.[Click on a sentence.Then drag it to the space where it belongs.The first one is done for you. One sentence will not be used]A.Meltwater flows into cracks in permafrostB.Ice wedges inside permafrost completely meltC.Freezing water expands cracks in permafrostD.Ice in the active layer melts as temperatures riseE.Permafrost shrinks and cracks as temperatures drop..3.What is the significance of the'protective shelf'discussed by the professor?A.It prevents the slumping of lake banks.B.It shields the lake surface from strong winds.C.It redirects the waves to lake banks that do not face the wind.D.It allows the lakes to grow in the same direction as the wind blows.4.According to the thaw slumping model,which side of a thaw lake grows fastest?A.The side where the bank is shortestB.The side least exposed to windC.The side that is at the highest elevationD.The side opposite the protective shelf5.What is the professor's opinion of the thaw slumping model?A.He thinks it was urgently needed.B.He is not convinced that it has a firm basis.C.He thinks it would be better if it were simplified.D.He does not think it is very different from the old model.6.Why does the professor say this:You ever see mud after it dries?A.He wants some information from the students.B.He thinks that the students may find an example helpful.C.He realizes that he forgot to mention an important topic.D.He wants to point out an important difference between frozen ground and dry ground.答案CD EDACB C A B B译文听一段地质学的讲座。
托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本： Make Textbook List Available Earlier Students always have to wait until the beginning of the semester to find out which textbooks they will need for their new courses. But since a lot of students register early for their courses, I think that the list for each course should be available immediately at the time of registration.This would give students more time to shop around to find less expensive textbooks. And it would also allow them to start work on the reading for their new courses early. Alexandra Brown 托福TPO49口语Task3听力文本： Narrator: Now listen to two students discussing the letter. Man: Hey, did you see Alexandra’s letter? Girl: Yeah, what do you think? Man: Well, it’s great. She really makes some good points, like the thing with the university bookstore is, if you buy a brand new textbook, it can be pretty expensive and they usually have only a few used textbooks around. They’re cheaper of course, but they sell out quickly. Girl: That’s true. Man: So this would give students time to look around on their own. You know, maybe they could find the books they need online, get books a few months ahead of time using the internet. Girl: I agree. Man: So this way students might be able to save a little money. Girl: Right, so what do you think about the second point, about the reading assignment? Man: I agree with that, too. It just makes a lot of sense, because things get really busy when the semester first starts and it can be hard to find time to keepup with all of the assignments, but students usually have some free time right before the start of the semester. Girl: So we’d have a good opportunity to do some preparation. Man: Exactly. 托福TPO49口语Task3题目： The man expresses his opinion about the proposal described in the letter. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state his opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. 托福TPO49口语Task3满分范文： In the letter, Alexandra proposes the school to offer the list of textbooks needed for each course earlier. In this way, students can have more time to find cheaper textbooks and start working on their new courses early. In the conversation, the man supports her proposal. The man states that brand new textbooks are usually expensive and the used one, which are much cheaper, sell out quickly. And if the book list are available earlier, students may be able to get textbook online with less money. In addition, the man agree that at the beginning of each semester, students are often quite busy, hard to keep up with all the assignments. If they can have the textbooks earlier, they may have more time to make preparation ahead of the semester. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福备考之独立写作满分范文大全
托福备考之独立写作满分范文大全Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice?As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others’widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind andcapabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking others’advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by nomeans refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福备考之独立写作满分范文2Case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someones mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared withgroups wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking others advice instead of getting everything done on ones own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadensour mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福备考之独立写作满分范文3After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns. Others live in different towns and cities. Which do you think is beterr? Give reasons for your answer.After they complete their univerrsity studies, some students preferr to live in their hometowns while others choose to live in different towns or cities. Everybody has his own reasons for his preference. After my graduation, I will go back and live in my home city. I have made this decision because of the following reasons.Firstly, my home city is a big city that can offer a lot. There are plenty of opportunities for work, many big libraries for studies, several differrent musiums for visit, and numerous cinemas, theaters and centers for entertainment. When I go back there, I will have no difficulty in finding a job suitable forme and I can make use of all the facilities available there.Secondly, if I go back to my home city, I can look after my parents. I take this into consideration because I am their only child and they are now weak and getting on in age. If I live in the same city with them, I can visit them very often and help them whenever it is necessary.Thirdly, if I live in my home city, I will have a lot of friends, schoolmates and relatives to visit and to turn to for help when I need. Of course, I could get acquainted with many people and make many friends if I were to go to live in a strange place, but that takes time. If I go back to my home city, everybody will be waiting for me and I will be able to settle down comfortably without any trouble and waste of time.In short, my choise is based on a careful consideration of my home city and my family. I think it is a better or sensible choice; in a certain sense, it is a must.Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.托福备考之独立写作满分范文4If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property,who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up, and who is supportive in times of crisis.A good neighbor is someone who, for instance, understands that your children may occasionally run across his lawn,- even though you tell them not to. Hell realize that children can be careless about things like that, and he wont make a big fuss about it unless it becomes a regular thing. In the same vein, he knows that youll understand if some of the trash from his trash cans blows across into your yard. In other words, he is sensitive to the unintentional things that can happen. He doesnt make a big deal about them.A good neighbor is also respectful of your property. For example, she asks your permission before doing anything that interferes with whats yours. This means she wouldnt plant a huge tree in between your houses without asking how you felt about it. If she wanted to put up a fence, she would let you know first. She might work with you to decide where it should be placed. Maybe the two of you would even split the cost.A good neighbor would lend you some milk if you ran out. Shed give you a ride to work if your car was broken, and let your children stay at her house in the evening if you got stuck working overtime. You would do the same for her. Both of youwould help make the others life easier.When something really awful happens to you, like a death in the family, a good neighbor will volunteer to help in any way he can. This could mean something small, like making some casseroles to put in your freezer to feed visiting relatives. Or it could mean something big, like helping you get through the sadness of the funeral. I think only someone who has experienced a bad neighbor can really appreciate a good one!A good neighbor can be a good friend. He or she can make all the difference in the world to your life.托福备考之独立写作满分范文大全。
托福独立写作满分作文
Question: Do you agree or disagree with the statement: People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign coutries.All of us can see that the world now is becoming a whole unity with the rapid development , and at the s ame time people’s living standard is aslo rampedup.Travelling is no longer a luxury imagination in people’s mind , but a new question emeges that how could people get the most benefits from travelling ? If it is up to me to decide with , I will choose the travelling to foreign countries.The diversity of the culture would be of great benefit to us .Our vision would be expanded by the communication with exotic people, who live in quiet different surroundings from ours and have various ideas maybe we never get. Last year I travelled to Thailand and I was attracted and astonished by its amazing and unique culture. Different countries have their own various civilization.In this case , a more direct and vivid impression of the whole world will appear in our own world .What the real world we live in looks like on earth?How different the perspectives of the people from another country from ours?Travelling provides us with an good opportunity to get closer to these questions.I even make friends with some of the local boys. And from that , we have more possibilities to regard the world in a wider and more sophisticated way.From another perspective to say, the good aspect of travelling abroad can be sensed in business.As the world is filled with chances and challenges,businessmen could find more ways to go when they are put in a cosmopolitan marketing system.Only by facing the whole world , will a businessman have the occation to be introduced to a world economic market.And as we all know,it is essential for a merchant to keep pace with the whole word as well as to get a clear picture of the current international condition.All these factors lead to people’s travelling to foreign countries.Take my experience as an example .The company I work in usually assigns us to another continent such as America or Canada to do marketing investigation.Such field work could provide more convincing ideas of what customers really desires for.Traders of a shaper mind,a more inspring insight, could get more access to the consumers’ needs a nd fit the current financial society.However, we still can’t disavow the advantages of travelling in our owncountry.Knowing more about our homeland and listening to native clients’ voices are still vital projects . But in my point of view, in order to achieve a new reality, why not us give ourselves a more spacious stage? Out of our homeland is another fantastic and alluring world that is beyond our imagination.iBT新托福30分满分作文赏析很多新托福考试的考友总是在感叹，这个世界上能拿到的好作文实在是太少了，其实很多时候不是这些作文少，而是很多考友没有努力去发掘这些作文。
TPO49-TASK3
Make Textbook List Available EarlierStudents always have to wait until the beginning of the semester to fnd out which textbooks they will need for their new courses. But since a lot of students register early for their courses, I think that the list for each course should be available immediately at the time of registration. This would give students more time to shop around to find less expensive textbooks. And it would also allow them to start work on the teaching for their new courses early.Sincerely,Alexandra Brown<-NARRATOR:-> Now listen to two students discussing the letter.<-MALE STUDENT:-> Hey, did you see Alexandra's letter?<-FEMALE STUDENT:-> Yeah, what do you think?<-MALE STUDENT:-> Well, it's great, she really makes some good points. Like, the thing with the university bookstore is, if you buy a brand new textbook, it can be pretty expensive, and they usually have only a few used textbooks around...they're cheaper of course, but they sell out quickly. <-FEMALE STUDENT:-> That's true.<-MALE STUDENT:-> So this would give students time to look around on their own, you 'know, maybe they could find the books they need online...get books a few months ahead of time using the Internet...<-FEMALE STUDENT:-> I agree.<-MALE STUDENT:-> So this way, students might be able to save a little money.<-FEMALE STUDENT:-> Right. So what do you think about her second point, about the reading assignments?<-MALE STUDENT:-> I agree with that too;it just makes a lot of sense...because things get really busy when the semester first starts, and it can be hard to find time to keep up with all of the assignments. But students usually have some free time right before the start of the semester.<-FEMALE STUDENT:-> So... we'd have a good opportunity to do some preparation.<-MALE STUDENT:-> Exactly.。
托福TPO49口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO49口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO49口语Task6听力文本： Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor: So of course many animals live in groups with others of their species. And there are benefits to living together in groups. It can help animals survive. But there are also certain disadvantages. So today we are going to talk about two disadvantages of living in groups for animals. One disadvantage is that animals that live in groups may be more visible to predators. If there's a big group of animals, predators are more likely to spot them than they would an individual animal on its own. So sometimes animals in a group may be more vulnerable to being captured by predators. For instance, Sardines, really small fish, swim in groups, and other larger ocean animals, like some kind of whales, eat them. So while a whale probably wouldn’t notice one Sardine, it would see a group of Sardines very easily and thus be able to capture them for food. Another disadvantage has to do with caring for the young. In a large group, there are a lot of young animals around and it can be difficult for animals to find or identify their own young. And they may end up taking care of other animals to young instead. So their own young may not get the care they need. For example, some bats live in caves. And with one type of bat, millions of them live together in the same cave. And with young bats so crowded together in the cave. It's sometimes hard for a mother bat to find her babies. So when a mother bat returns from finding food to feed her babies, she might end up feeding the babies of another mother bat, meaning her own babies don’t get fed. 托福TPO49口语Task6题目： Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two disadvantages of living in groups for animals. 托福TPO49口语Task6满分范文： The lecture is focusing on two disadvantages of living in a group for animals. One disadvantage is that animals living in groups are more visible and vulnerable to predators. Take sardines as an example. They swim in groups and they are prey for some large animals such as whales. Although it may be hard for a whale to notice one little Sardine, it is able to see a group of them and capture them for food. Another disadvantage is that living in groups set great barriers for animals to identify their own young and thus have them in good care. For example, one type of bats live togetherin the same cave with millions of them. With too much bats in the same cave, a mother bat may find it’s hard to find her own baby and she may end up feeding the babies of another mother bat, leaving her own babies with no food. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO49口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福作文T49：面对面交流更重要吗
【托福福作⽂185篇真题范⽂专项练习】 Topic49：你是否觉得⾯对⾯交流要⽐其他⽅式更有效？ Topic49 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer..［托福参看范⽂之⼀］ Topic: 49 There are many different ways of communications, such as letters, emails, or telephone calls. However face-to-face communication still remains the most efficient way of communication between people. Firstly, in face-to-face communication people can get direct response from the other party. When we talk with our friends, we can get feedback immediately from their verbal response, body language and facial expressions. Based on these responses, we can know what's the next step to take, such as how to carry on the conversation, and change the direction or finish the conversation if necessary. Sometimes, speaking words and body languages may not mean the same thing.Although we can hear words from a telephone conversation from our friends but we do not always know if they really mean it. This is also true in criminal inspections. Police inspectors can judge whether the suspect is telling the truth through his or her body languages, therefore get new clues and solve a criminal case more quickly. Thus, face-to-face communication is more perceptible and can help us understand a speaker's true feeling better than other ways of communication.Secondly, face-to-face communication is the most helpful way to express ourselves. In communication it is just not enough for us to say the words; we need eye contact, body language to express our feelings. Sometimes we are so happy or angry that we are out of words. At these times, there is nothing more efficient to express our happiness or anger than a big hug or turn our face to another side. When we are a tourist in a foreign country, language is not always enough, and gesticulations might help us get understood more quickly. We can order in a restaurant by simply pointing our fingers to the menu when we do not know how to pronounce an item exactly.Finally, face-to-face communication is indispensable in situations such as a relationship. Lovers need body contact such as a hug, a kiss and more, which cannot be done in letters or emails. Although lovers can use letters or emails to communicate, being apart for a long time is definitely not beneficial to a relationship.In brief, face-to-face communication is a very important way for us. It is good for better understanding. It is more visible, direct and more effective than any other ways.［托福参看范⽂之⼆］ I would have to agree that face-to-face communication is the best type of communication. Faceto-face communication can eliminate misunderstandings immediately, cement relationships, and encourage continued interaction. If you are talking to someone directly, you can see right away if they don't understand you. A person's body language will tell you they disagree or don't follow your line of thought. You can repeat yourself or paraphrase your argument. If you had sent an e-mail, the person may have misinterpreted what you wanted to say. He or she could be insulted and you would have to waste time explaining yourself in another e-mail.When you talk face-to-face, you communicate with more than words. You communicate with your eyes and your hands. You communicate with your whole body. People can sense that you really want to communicate with them. This energy bonds people together. Your relationship with a person can grow much stronger when you communicate in person.Face-to-face encounters tend to go on longer than other forms of communication. An e-mail lasts a second; a telephone call, a few minutes. However, when you meet face-to-face, you've made an effort to meet with the person, and the person has made an effort to meet with you. You will probably spend longer together talking. The longer you talk, the more you say. The more you say, the stronger your relationship will be.In summary, if you want to establish a relationship with another human being, the best way is talking face-to-face. When you communicate directly, you can avoid misunderstandings that may occur in writing. You can communicate on levels other than just words and you can spend more time doing it. ［托福参看范⽂之三］ With the rapid growth of high technology, computer, telephone and other communication tools have become more and more important in our daily life, so what people have gradually ignored face to face communications.If I were asked whether face-to-face communication is better than other forms of communications, such as email, phone calls or letters, I would choose email and phone calls. Here I am going to enumerate some reasons to support my choice.The main reason is that communication by telephone or by e-mail is more convenient. There is no need to make appointment with friends before meetings; all you need is just to remember their phone numbers or email addresses. Wherever you are and whenever it will be, communication is as easy as face-to-face talking. Moreover, it is more efficient for people to communicate.Another important reason is that the way people connect by email can make more friends. I have many friends on the Internet and we communicate each other regularly, so I have gained more information and knowledge in many other fields.Last but not least, indirect communication such as emails and phone calls can avoid direct confrontation and embarrassment. Sometimes we may not feel comfortable to borrow something or ask for a favor from our friends, because we do not know their reactions. At this time, an email or a phone call can be more convenient and can avoid embarrassment.If all these factors are contemplated ,the advantages of communication through email or telephone carry more weight than those of face-to-face communication。
tpo49task1范文
雅思写作Task1饼状图考官范文怎么写？According to the given data, more than 70% expenditure was in housing in 1950。
The second most expenditure in this country was in food。
All other expenditures including health care, education, transportation etc。
were less than 20% in total。
After 60 years the trends of expenditure in this country significantly changed。
Peoples expenditure in housing decreased to only 22% while the expenditure for food increased to 34%。
谁能给一篇托福口语Task1的回答例文？题目：What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you think it is efficient。
Include specific reasons and examples。
回答：The most efficient type of transportation in my country is the railway train。
Now that Chinas building Rapid Railway tracks all around the country, the speed of trains would be increased by hundreds of kilometers per hour, which makes train traveling even more efficient。
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为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO49独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO49独立写作题目原文：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many new friends easily.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福TPO49独立写作满分范文：
Friendship and kinship contribute a lot to one’s happiness. Then, the question goes, “does the ability to main long-term friendships with a small number of people matters more than the ability to make many new friends easily?” My answer is “yes”.
First of all, old friends usually show stronger loyalty than those newly-acquainted fellows. That means, no matter what happens, these friends would always stand by your side and provide you with supports unconditionally. However, this merit are usually missing in short-term friendship. Last year when I was in hospital, 2 of my old friends took turns to take care of me, accompanying me to endure the very hard time. However, few of my “wide-range” new friends even came to visit me. It is clearly that long-term friendship is much more reliable and the ability to main such kind of relationship is more critical.
In addition, old friends tend to show more understanding of you, being familiar with your hobbies, interests and some other peculiarities. So, it is usually more comfortable for me to be with my old friends. For instance, I am lactose intolerant and every time when I have dinner with my old friends, they would skip anything that contains milk or cheese, ordering food based on my favor. Contrary to my old friends’ consideration, those newly-acquainted fellows are inclined to show surprise about my intolerance and still pick the food of lactose they prefer. So, to me, old friends are much more considerate and contribute more to my happiness.
Admittedly, the ability to make new friends easily are quite important for a person to get new ideas, broadening their views from different groups of people. However, compared with the ability to maintain long-term friendship, it still plays a less significant role for one’s happiness.
To sum up, one’s happiness is consist of various parts, including self-achievement, security and etc. And I believe long-term friendship is of higher
importance than other parts. As a result, the ability to maintain long-term friendship with a small group of people is much more important.
以上是给大家整理的托福TPO49独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。