写作教程第二版(邹申)unit1_General(I)
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Unusual, enough information, fresh, narrow & broad enough
3. Why my father/ mother is my hero…
Interesting, narrБайду номын сангаасw, easy research, sufficient details
4. How to solve a quadratic equation…
1. What is a paragraph supposed to do ?
inside 2. What should I keep in mind when I am writing one ?
To create a piece of writing, we have to start with paragraph.
Try to tell what are those following sentences belongs to, subject or topic?
1. Alternative fuels. subject 2. Henry Ford’s development of the
assembly line resulted in the mass production of cars. topic 3. America’s legal system. subject 4. America needs a flat tax. topic 5. Butterflies. subject 6. Is intelligence determined by nature or by nurture? topic
succeed 6. play games
surf the net …
Disadvantages 1. expensive 2. harmful radiation 3. disturbing in public 4. dangerous in driving 5. ring in embarrassing
Unsatisfactory Topics
2. America should lower the drinking age.
--- boring or written about too often.
3. There are many different theories to explain the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
of the American Dream
Criteria for your final topic
1. meaningful and serious 2. within the range of your abilities 3. sufficient materials are available 4. can be treated objectively 5. not too topical There are some real examples of your former
2. General topic: The Lost Generation Writers Restricted: F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Novels More restricted: Fitzgerald and His The Great Gatsby Topic chosen: Gatsby's Death and the Disillusionment
Targeting
General (I) --- Paragraph
Warm-up Activities having a mobile phone
Advantages 1. convenient 2. in an emergency 3. save time 4. information age 5. grasp any chance to
1. too limited? 2. too broad? 3. too technical? 4. yesterday’s news? 5. too controversial? 6. likable enough?
Try to tell what are those following sentences belongs to, subject or topic?
is the kindest neighbor I have ever known.
has a profound effect on our health.
Choosing a topic
1. Selecting a general topic
2. Reading and thinking
Clear-cut, narrow & broad enough, information available
Try to do the exercises in P3
Try to narrow down the scope and make them specific topics on which you can write a paper.
moment 6. calls from strangers
calls from advertising …
Part II --- Paragraph
1.
outside
2.
How are my paragraphs going look to my readers ?
How long should my paragraph be ?
---too broad and can not be completed within the time allocated.
4. America needs stronger control laws.
--- boring or written about too often.
Unsatisfactory Topics
students. One final suggestion: do not be too eager to
settle on any single topic immediately. You’d better have 2-3 possibilities in mind.
Criteria for your T.S
1. It is a complete sentence. 2. It contains both a topic and a
controlling idea. 3. It is neither too general nor too specific. 4. It tells the reader what to expect in the
II.1 Topic Sentence
Definition --- A sentence that names the topic of the paragraph and contains a controlling idea is called T.S.
Topic
Controlling idea
1. Media producers should prosecute people who download copyrighted music…
Interesting, 2 sides (pro & against), sufficient information
2. Students should be placed in classes according to their academic ability, not their age…
----Don Knefel
Sample 2 Find the T.S.
Shakespearian characters live. They are no stilted creations intended to represent differing points of view. They are people, with all the usual human foibles and weaknesses. As we laugh at or sympathize with them, we are learning something about our own selves. Shakespeare knew human nature so well and created his characters according to that knowledge. His understanding of human psychology is amazing and is one reason for the continued success of Shakespearian drama.
paragraph.
Sample 1 Find the T.S.
One of the central preoccupations of arts and humanities is the observation of human beings. Painters and sculptors create images of the human form; writers tell stories or compose poems about human experience; musical artists give melodic contours to the human spirit; historians and philosophers ponder the essential qualities of human civilization and nature. And in our own lives, in our own ways, we spend a great deal of our energy and attention on our fellow creatures, being in families and other kinds of relationships, observing people with curiosity and interest in the course of the day, thinking about and forming our own character- deciding what kind of person we wish to be- as we grow.
1. General topic: 20th Century American Novelists Restricted: Hemingway and His Works More restricted: Hemingway and His Short Stories Topic chosen: Old People in Hemingway’s Short Stories
5. Nanoscale “trees” improve efficiency in low-cost plastic solar cells.
--- unfamiliar to you, so you can not write about it knowledgeably.
Good Topics
Unsatisfactory Topics
1. The major poets, painters, and dramatists of the Renaissance:
--- too board and can not be completed within the time allocated
Television programs for children have become increasingly violent.
Learning a foreign language Cathy The food we eat
is more and more important for young people.
3. Narrowing down the scope of your topic to a facets which can be developed into a research paper
4. Formulating the final topic
subject
topic
Is my topic:
3. Why my father/ mother is my hero…
Interesting, narrБайду номын сангаасw, easy research, sufficient details
4. How to solve a quadratic equation…
1. What is a paragraph supposed to do ?
inside 2. What should I keep in mind when I am writing one ?
To create a piece of writing, we have to start with paragraph.
Try to tell what are those following sentences belongs to, subject or topic?
1. Alternative fuels. subject 2. Henry Ford’s development of the
assembly line resulted in the mass production of cars. topic 3. America’s legal system. subject 4. America needs a flat tax. topic 5. Butterflies. subject 6. Is intelligence determined by nature or by nurture? topic
succeed 6. play games
surf the net …
Disadvantages 1. expensive 2. harmful radiation 3. disturbing in public 4. dangerous in driving 5. ring in embarrassing
Unsatisfactory Topics
2. America should lower the drinking age.
--- boring or written about too often.
3. There are many different theories to explain the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
of the American Dream
Criteria for your final topic
1. meaningful and serious 2. within the range of your abilities 3. sufficient materials are available 4. can be treated objectively 5. not too topical There are some real examples of your former
2. General topic: The Lost Generation Writers Restricted: F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Novels More restricted: Fitzgerald and His The Great Gatsby Topic chosen: Gatsby's Death and the Disillusionment
Targeting
General (I) --- Paragraph
Warm-up Activities having a mobile phone
Advantages 1. convenient 2. in an emergency 3. save time 4. information age 5. grasp any chance to
1. too limited? 2. too broad? 3. too technical? 4. yesterday’s news? 5. too controversial? 6. likable enough?
Try to tell what are those following sentences belongs to, subject or topic?
is the kindest neighbor I have ever known.
has a profound effect on our health.
Choosing a topic
1. Selecting a general topic
2. Reading and thinking
Clear-cut, narrow & broad enough, information available
Try to do the exercises in P3
Try to narrow down the scope and make them specific topics on which you can write a paper.
moment 6. calls from strangers
calls from advertising …
Part II --- Paragraph
1.
outside
2.
How are my paragraphs going look to my readers ?
How long should my paragraph be ?
---too broad and can not be completed within the time allocated.
4. America needs stronger control laws.
--- boring or written about too often.
Unsatisfactory Topics
students. One final suggestion: do not be too eager to
settle on any single topic immediately. You’d better have 2-3 possibilities in mind.
Criteria for your T.S
1. It is a complete sentence. 2. It contains both a topic and a
controlling idea. 3. It is neither too general nor too specific. 4. It tells the reader what to expect in the
II.1 Topic Sentence
Definition --- A sentence that names the topic of the paragraph and contains a controlling idea is called T.S.
Topic
Controlling idea
1. Media producers should prosecute people who download copyrighted music…
Interesting, 2 sides (pro & against), sufficient information
2. Students should be placed in classes according to their academic ability, not their age…
----Don Knefel
Sample 2 Find the T.S.
Shakespearian characters live. They are no stilted creations intended to represent differing points of view. They are people, with all the usual human foibles and weaknesses. As we laugh at or sympathize with them, we are learning something about our own selves. Shakespeare knew human nature so well and created his characters according to that knowledge. His understanding of human psychology is amazing and is one reason for the continued success of Shakespearian drama.
paragraph.
Sample 1 Find the T.S.
One of the central preoccupations of arts and humanities is the observation of human beings. Painters and sculptors create images of the human form; writers tell stories or compose poems about human experience; musical artists give melodic contours to the human spirit; historians and philosophers ponder the essential qualities of human civilization and nature. And in our own lives, in our own ways, we spend a great deal of our energy and attention on our fellow creatures, being in families and other kinds of relationships, observing people with curiosity and interest in the course of the day, thinking about and forming our own character- deciding what kind of person we wish to be- as we grow.
1. General topic: 20th Century American Novelists Restricted: Hemingway and His Works More restricted: Hemingway and His Short Stories Topic chosen: Old People in Hemingway’s Short Stories
5. Nanoscale “trees” improve efficiency in low-cost plastic solar cells.
--- unfamiliar to you, so you can not write about it knowledgeably.
Good Topics
Unsatisfactory Topics
1. The major poets, painters, and dramatists of the Renaissance:
--- too board and can not be completed within the time allocated
Television programs for children have become increasingly violent.
Learning a foreign language Cathy The food we eat
is more and more important for young people.
3. Narrowing down the scope of your topic to a facets which can be developed into a research paper
4. Formulating the final topic
subject
topic
Is my topic: