从句--宾语从句
英语语法—从句—宾语从句用法
英语语法—从句—宾语从句用法英语语法—从句—宾语从句用法英语语法—从句—宾语从句1.在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,作短语动词的宾语,介词的宾语。
2.宾语从句:短语动词Please go and find out when the train will arrive. 请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。
His teacher pointed out that Tom hadn't studied hard enough.老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。
That depends on how you do it. 那得看你怎么做的。
3.宾语从句:及物动词Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees. 谁都知道钱不是长在树上。
Have you decided where you will go for a holiday? 你有没有决定到什么地方去度假?4.宾语从句:介词的宾语I am curious as to what they are going to do next.我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。
The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.这对双胞胎姐妹的区别,仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。
I am interested in what she is doing. 我对她做的事感兴趣。
5.宾语从句:否定的转移有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。
I don't suppose you're used to this diet. = I suppose youaren't used to this diet.我想你不习惯这种饮食。
主语从句与宾语从句
主语从句与宾语从句一、名词性从句是四位从句的总称:主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。
这些从句都起到类似于名词的作用。
主从:一个句子充当大句子的主语,就叫主语从句。
例如;What I need is money.(主语是What I need作大句的主语)It was not obvious that water is fundamental to the development of life.(It是形式主语,真正的主语是that 从句。
)主语从句的位置有两种,一种是放于句首;一种是用It 作形式主语,从句被放后面。
二、宾语从句:一个小句子充当大句子的宾语。
He asked me how old I was .She took it for granted that I’d be back home an hour ago.(It 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
)考点一:语序What I want to do is to go home immediately.陈述语序。
I asked where the famous restaurant was .陈述语序。
名词性从句的语序应该是陈述句语序。
删除疑问语序(be /助动词、情态动词+主语)考点二:引导词That(没成分)That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.(that 引导的句子作大句子的主语,that不能丢。
)Whether /if (有时互换,主语从句只能用wheather引导,不能用if .可用if 的地方都能用wheather。
)Whether the meeting will be put off depends on the weather .疑问代词:what,who, whom,which,whose 在从句中有成分What he has is just money.(在从句中有成分作宾语)疑问副词:where ,when,why,,how在从句中有成分Why he didn’t attend class is not know yet.That:引导名词性从句时无成分,无词义,有时可以省略。
名词性从句和宾语从句
名词性从句(主从、宾从、表从、同从)一.概述名词性从句包括四种:主语从句(subject clause),宾语从句(object clause),表语从句(predicative clause)、同位语从句(appositive clause)。
二.如何辨别四种名词性从句的类型句子的进阶之旅之:主从复合句1. 主从复合句的定义______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 主从复合句的类型What you said just now is totally wrong.That he got married with a much younger girl surprised all people.The news is that an earthquake happened last night in Japan.Do you know who is going to give us a lesson?The news which is being discussed is that an earthquake happened last night in Tangshan.Do you like the girl who wears a red hat?I think that he will be all right in a few days.He told us that he didn’t pass the final exam.The fact that he was killed in war is known to all.I was doing my homework when you called me.He didn’t get to school on time because he was caught in the heavy traffic.思考:(1)从以上例句你能总结出英语中有哪几种从句吗?______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________(2)要想准确分辨出从句的不同类型,你找到窍门了吗?不同类型的从句之间到底有什么本质的差异呢?______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________我们再来观察下面的几个句子,找找他们的共同点和不同点:That the girl married an 80-year-old man made us surprised.We heard that the girl married an 80-year-old man.The surprising news is that the girl married an 80-year old man.The news that the girl married an 80-year-old man made us surprised.思考:(1)标下划线的四个句子分别是什么从句?他们的共同之处和不同之处是什么?______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________(2)通过这些例句,我们可以总结出区分四种名词性从句(主从、宾从、表从、同从)的根本方法是什么?______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________有些学生在学习了定语从句和同位语从句之后,往往在两者之间弄混淆。
宾语从句
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,口语中一般可以省略。
whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
当if/whether引导宾语从句时,在从句中不做任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。
if/whether不能省略。
如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.补充:从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.分类:宾语从句分为三类:(1)动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.时态:1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.当为客观事实和科学真理时,从句为一般现在时。
(2)宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他将在下一年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won this game?你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Huawei or Apple smart phone?你决定好是买华为还是苹果的手机了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.(3)动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team arestronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 keep in mind 牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been t o the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.(when引导时间状语从句,it是代词,代指这种情况) I hate it that i love you.我讨厌我爱你。
宾语从句
宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。
包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句的连接词有从属连词that,whether,if;连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what等;连接副词when,where,why,how 等。
Tips动词短语也可以接宾语从句,如make up one’s mind下决心,make sure确保,keep in mind牢记。
Eg:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误。
一、宾语从句的句法功能1、作动词的宾语Eg:Tell your son that whatching TV too much is bad for his eyes.告诉你儿子,看太多电视对他的眼睛不好。
2、作介词的宾语Eg:It all depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.所有一切都取决于明天的天气是否晴朗。
3、作系表结构的宾语Eg:I am sure that he will come soon.我确信他很快就会来。
Tips常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等。
二、宾语从句的连接词1、that引导的宾语从句由that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。
从属连词that无实际意义,不在从句中充当任何成分。
此时宾语从句的成分齐全,句意明确。
在口语和非正式文体中that可以省略。
Eg:I don’t think (that) there will be time to do it.我认为没有时间做这件事了。
Eg:Many people believe (that) robots will do most our work.许多人相信机器人会做我们的大部分工作。
九种英语宾语从句
九种英语宾语从句英语宾语从句是作为动词的宾语而存在的一个从句结构。
在英语语法中,宾语从句通常由连接词引导,可以用来替代宾语的名词,状语或形容词。
以下是九种常见的英语宾语从句:1. 宾语从句介绍:宾语从句常由连词that引导,表示一个陈述句作为主句的宾语。
例如:宾语从句介绍:宾语从句常由连词that引导,表示一个陈述句作为主句的宾语。
例如:- 他说他喜欢音乐。
He said that he likes music.2. 宾语从句疑问:宾语从句可以用来提问,由特定的疑问词引导,如what, who, when, where, why, how等。
例如:宾语从句疑问:宾语从句可以用来提问,由特定的疑问词引导,如what, who, when, where, why, how等。
例如:- 我不知道他在哪里。
I don't know where he is.3. 宾语从句否定:宾语从句可以使用否定形式,改变从句的意义。
例如:宾语从句否定:宾语从句可以使用否定形式,改变从句的意义。
例如:- 我不相信他说的话。
I don't believe what he says.4. 宾语从句比较:宾语从句可以用来进行比较,并由比较连词引导,如than或as。
例如:宾语从句比较:宾语从句可以用来进行比较,并由比较连词引导,如than或as。
例如:- 他比我更聪明。
He is smarter than I am.5. 宾语从句目的:宾语从句可以用来表示某事的目的,通常由这样的动词引导:(in order)to, so as to等。
例如:宾语从句目的:宾语从句可以用来表示某事的目的,通常由这样的动词引导:(in order)to, so as to等。
例如:- 我买这本书是为了研究英语。
I bought this book to learn English.6. 宾语从句动词:宾语从句可以位于某些动词后面,如want, hope, expect等,帮助解释主句中的动作。
英语宾语从句
英语宾语从句宾语从句(OBJECT CLAUSE)是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
动词+宾语从句例如:Mum doesn't know if/whether he will go to Paris withher.妈妈不知道他是否要参加运动会。
注意:动词词组后面也可跟宾语从句。
例如:makesure确保makeup one's mind下决心keepin mind牢记2.介词+宾语从句例如:He is thinking about what he should bring with him.他正在考虑随身携带什么。
3.形容词+宾语从句例如:Mother is happy that he will go there with her.妈妈很高兴他愿意一起去那里。
这样的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,s urprised等。
基本构成宾语从句的三要素是:语序、连接词和时态。
语序:宾语从句用陈述语序(主谓语序)例如:I wonder when the train will come.我想知道火车什么时候到。
连接词有三种情况:1.that宾语从句为陈述句时,连接词常选择that,有时将that省略。
例如:Mothersays(that)she is ill.妈妈说她病了。
Mothersays(that)she'll be alright in couple of days.妈妈说她过两天就好了。
2.if或whether宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时,连接词常选择if或whether。
只用whether的情况:介词的宾语,whether…or not结构中不能用if替换。
例如:Motherdoesn't know if he can help her.妈妈不知道他是否能帮助她。
从句的引导词和从句类型的区分
从句的引导词和从句类型的区分从句是复合句的组成部分,它提供了更多的信息来支持、解释或者补充主句的内容。
在从句中,引导词起到引导作用,帮助我们理解从句所表达的意思。
本文将探讨从句的引导词和从句类型的区分,并提供一些实例来加深理解。
一、从句的引导词种类从句的引导词可以分为以下几类:连词、关系代词、关系副词、疑问词和其他引导词。
1. 连词连词是最常见的从句引导词,它们用来连接主句和从句,可以分为并列连词、从属连词和对等连词。
a) 并列连词:表示并列或者选择关系的连词,如"而且"、"或者"、"但是"等。
例子:我喜欢吃水果,而且我每天都吃。
b) 从属连词:引导名词性从句或者副词性从句的连词,如"因为"、"如果"、"虽然"等。
例子:他没来,因为他生病了。
c) 对等连词:用于连接两个相同成分的连词,如"既...又"、"不但...而且"等。
例子:他既漂亮,又聪明。
2. 关系代词关系代词用于引导定语从句,指代前面提到的名词,并在从句中起连接作用。
关系代词有"关系主代词"和"关系宾代词"两种。
a) 关系主代词:用于引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的代词,如"谁"、"那"、"哪"等。
例子:我认识那个帮助我的人。
b) 关系宾代词:用于引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语的代词,如"关系主代词加"的"构成"关系宾代词",如"之一"、"之二"等。
例子:这是我想要的那本书。
3. 关系副词关系副词在定语从句中起到连接副词性从句和主句的作用。
常见的关系副词有"在哪里"、"为什么"、"怎样"等。
宾语从句
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宾语从句的位置
• 3种位置
• (1)动宾 (及物动词)
• I don’t know when you will finish the work.
• 动+单宾(从句)
• 动+双宾(人+从句)
• No one tells me when you will finish the work.
• I hurt her feelings. • I am worried about whether I hurt her
feelings.
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宾语从句的写法练习
• 我们不知道什么时候政府会解决环境污染 的问题。
• We don’t know…when • The government will solve the
• I know the boss has come back from abroad.
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宾语从句的写法
• 先写两个简单句,把其中一个放在另一个 句子中去。怎么放?
• (1)陈述句变宾语从句? • You are right. • I know you are right. (哪个是主,哪个
是从) • 陈述句变宾语从句,添加 (that)。That
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宾语从句
• 学从句的3要点: • 1. 从句含义 • 2. 写法--- 重点 • 3. 位置
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宾语从句的含义
• 宾语从句做宾语, 放到另一个句子(主句) 里。
• 句1
句2 (宾语从句)
• 例句:
• 我知道这个消息。
• I know this piece of news.
宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,表语从句的详细讲解及例句
当我们学习语法时,我们常常会遇到几种从句,包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和表语从句。
下面逐个进行详细讲解,并给出相应的例句。
1. 宾语从句(Object Clause):宾语从句用来做主句中的宾语。
它通常由连接词引导,如that, if, whether, what, where, who, whom, whose等。
例句:- I don't know what he wants.(我不知道他想要什么。
)- She asked if he could come to the party.(她问他是否能来参加派对。
)- They wonder where we are going.(他们想知道我们要去哪里。
)2. 状语从句(Adverbial Clause):状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词,表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。
它通常由连接词引导,如when, while, because, if, although, since等。
例句:- We will go hiking if the weather is good.(如果天气好,我们将去远足。
)- He studied hard until he passed the exam.(他学习努力直到通过考试。
)- Although it was raining, they still went out.(虽然下雨了,他们仍然出去了。
)3. 定语从句(Relative Clause):定语从句用来修饰主句中的名词或代词,对其进行限定或说明。
它通常由关系代词引导,如that, which, who, whom, whose等。
例句:- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
)- The person who is talking to Mary is my brother.(正在和玛丽说话的那个人是我哥哥。
初中英语3大从句:宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句详解
初中英语3⼤从句:宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句详解1宾语从句⼀、定义在句⼦中起宾语作⽤的从句叫做宾语从句。
⼆、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只⽤whether的情况:1. 与or not连⽤:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连⽤:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是⼀般现在时态,从句根据实际情况⽽定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是⼀般过去时态,从句⽤相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、⾃然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要⽤⼀般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2定语从句⼀、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
⼆、先⾏词先⾏词指⼈ who /that先⾏词指物 which/ that定语从句⼀般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先⾏词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先⾏词在句⼦中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先⾏词的代词四、翻译⽅法 “…. 的”Whom: 先⾏词指⼈,则代替先⾏词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前⾯带介词则必须⽤whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指⼈或物,作定语,表⽰ “…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:1.先⾏词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先⾏词前有形容词最⾼级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先⾏词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先⾏词是⼈和物时, ⽤that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先⾏词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能⽤thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能⽤that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使⽤介词时:物+介词+which ; ⼈+ 介词 + whom当关系代词前使⽤介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.3状语从句⼀、定义在复合句中由从句表⽰的状语称作状语从句,它可以⽤来修饰谓语(包括⾮谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句⼦。
英语中五大从句
五大从句英语中的五大从句包括名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
以下是每种从句及其例句:1.名词性从句(Noun Clauses):●主语从句:What he said is true.(他说的是真的。
)●宾语从句:I believe that she will come.(我相信她会来。
)●表语从句:The problem is what to do next.(问题是下一步该怎么做。
)●同位语从句:Her announcement, that she was leaving,surprised everyone.(她宣布要离开,这让每个人都很吃惊。
)2.形容词性从句(Adjective Clauses):●关系代词引导的从句:The book that I bought is veryinteresting.(我买的书非常有趣。
)●关系副词引导的从句:I remember when we first met.(我记得我们第一次见面的时候。
)3.副词性从句(Adverbial Clauses):●时间从句:She called me before she left.(她离开前给我打了电话。
)●地点从句:I will meet you wherever you want.(我会在你想要的任何地方见你。
)●原因从句:He failed the exam because he didn't study.(他考试不及格是因为没有学习。
)●条件从句:If it rains, we will stay indoors.(如果下雨,我们将呆在室内。
)●结果从句:He worked hard, so he succeeded.(他努力工作,所以成功了。
)4.定语从句(Adjective Clauses):●关系代词引导的从句:The man who is talking to my mother ismy uncle.(正在和我妈妈交谈的那个人是我叔叔。
宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句
专题一三宾语从句考点聚焦一、什么是宾语从句在句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
二、宾语从句的引导词1、that 无实意,用来引导陈述句的宾语从句,口语中常省略。
例如:She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.她告诉我她去过香港两次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道这些游客来自澳大利亚。
2、if或whether这两个词是“是否”的意思,主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择问句的宾语从句,口语中多用if,不能省略。
例如:He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.他问我是否去过北京两次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑问词when ,where,who,how等,这类词通常引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。
例如:Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?你能告诉我怎样才能找到王先生吗?Please find out who broke the window.请查一下是谁打烂窗户的。
三、宾语从句的语序凡是从句都必须使用“主语在前,谓语在后”的陈述语序,宾语从句也不例外,也就是说宾语从句的语序必须是“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。
例如:误:Could you tell me where is the bus station?正:Could you tell me where the bus station is?四、宾语从句的时态一致1、当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以根据需要选择相应的时态,不受主句的影响;主句为一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态。
例如:I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.我想知道他今天早晨几点钟吃早饭的。
英语六大从句
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类.前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句.状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句.1.主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句.引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等.2.表语从句 Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样.3.宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.第一部分一.、定义:宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语.二、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态.连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which 指事),who 指人)1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether.在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换. 3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词.★当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他判断时态情况:1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时3.主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时 “主将从现”)例题:〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun__B__round.A. wasB. isC. wereD. are 答案为B,属于第二种情况.宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后;Tell him which class you are in .(1)主、从句时态一致:主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时;He answered that he was listening to me.主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需;He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时;He told me that he was born in 1980.2)否定前移,及完成反意问句;在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致.(注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称)I don't think you are right ,are you ?3)在表示建议suggest , advise要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose;决定decide; 命令order、command; 坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句,用 should)+v. 虚拟语气)eg.I suggested that you should)study hard.4)如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置eg.You may think it strange that he would live there.5)宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略A.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略. eg.I believe that)you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter.B.当it作形式宾语时eg.She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.C.当宾语从句前置时eg.That our team will win,I believe.三、分类A 、作动词的宾语:eg.I heard the newsI 主语heard 谓语动词the news.名词作宾语I主语heard 谓语动词that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语---宾语从句B 、作介词的宾语:eg.He said nothing about this plan .He主语said 谓语动词nothing 代词作动词的宾语about 介词the plan. 名词作介词的宾语四、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起.连接词有:that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.五、注意:A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序.False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面.Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句.Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4.同位语从句(Appositive Clause):与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句.其关联词多为that.5.定语从句 Attributive Clause):用作定语的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名 代)词之后,这种名 代)词就叫作先行词 Antecedent).引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系词等).关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中用作状语.①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.例句:The dog that/which was lost has been found. 失踪的狗已经找到了.)③as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.例句:Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的那一类人现在很少了.)④介词+which/whom/whose从句The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch. 她就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的.)⑤代/名+介词+which 从句He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.( 他需要一本书,但是我不知道书名.)⑥同位语从句和定语从句The news that you told me was really exciting. 你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心.)⑦难句:NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 他是被选为代表该团队的人中一员.)第二部分一、时态1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态.2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态.3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时.二、宾语从句的几类连接词:①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.★部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句例句:I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.★动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.四、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替例句:We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.五、介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.★用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句例句:I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.六、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised例句:I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.七、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下.⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.八、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.九、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例句:I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.例句:We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?十、宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时,细分为一下几种情况:①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生例句:I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前例句:He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后例句:The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.★如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化例句:The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.★当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首例句:Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.同位语从句用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来 下面这个材料供参考):一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如:I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里.二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words消息),possibility等.如:I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等.( 注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句.)如:l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如:The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的.同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.)The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.)2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如:The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.that在从句中不充当任何成份.)一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.1) 非独立的同位语:常出现在被限定词前Bruce Lee (姓名) 李小龙Graf Schmidt (称号,浑名) 施密特伯爵Doktor Wang (职称,头衔) 王博士Uncel Liu (亲戚的称呼) 刘叔叔die Stadt Shanghai (类属名称) 上海市the Province Hebei (类属名称) 河北省das Jahr 2000 (类属名称) 2000 年three Kilo tomato (度量名称) 三公斤西红柿the University Bremen (专有名词) 不来梅大学。
从句的类型及引导词总结
从句的类型及引导词总结从句是一种在句子中起到特定功能的句子成分。
它可以作为主句的主语、宾语、定语或状语,起到丰富句子意义和提供更多信息的作用。
从句根据功能和结构可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句,而引导从句的词语则根据从句的类型来确定。
下面将对这些从句类型及其引导词进行总结。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中扮演名词的角色,可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句:从句作为整个句子的主语,通常以从属连词"that"引导。
例如:- What he said is true.(他说的是真的。
)- That he is late is unacceptable.(他迟到是不可接受的。
)2. 宾语从句:从句作为句子中的宾语,可以由多个引导词引导,如"that"、"if"、"whether"、"who"、"what"等。
例如:- I don't know if he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。
)- She asked me what my favorite color is.(她问我最喜欢的颜色是什么。
)3. 表语从句:从句作为句子中的表语,通常以从属连词"that"引导。
例如:- The fact is that he lied to us.(事实是他对我们撒了谎。
)- My dream is that I can travel around the world.(我的梦想是能环游世界。
)4. 同位语从句:从句作为另一个名词或代词的同位语,通常以从属连词"that"或连接代词/连接副词引导。
例如:- The news that she won the first prize was exciting.(她赢得一等奖的消息令人激动。
英语中的从句种类
英语中的从句种类在英语中,从句可以根据其引导词的不同进行分类。
主要的从句种类包括:名词性从句(Nominal Clauses):这些从句在句子中起到名词的作用,可以担任主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
它们包括:主语从句(Subject Clauses)宾语从句(Object Clauses)表语从句(Predicative Clauses)同位语从句(Appositive Clauses)定语性从句(Adjective Clauses):这些从句在句子中起到形容词的作用,用以修饰名词或代词。
它们包括:限定性定语从句(Restrictive Adjective Clauses)非限定性定语从句(Non-restrictive Adjective Clauses)状语性从句(Adverbial Clauses):这些从句在句子中起到副词的作用,用以修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
它们包括:时间状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Time)地点状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Place)原因状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Reason)条件状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Condition)让步状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Concession)目的状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Purpose)结果状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Result)特殊疑问词引导的从句:这些从句由特殊疑问词引导,用于对特定内容进行询问。
它们包括:由who, whom引导的表示人的名词性从句由what引导的表示事物或抽象概念的名词性从句由which引导的选择性名词性从句由whose引导的表示所属关系的名词性从句由where引导的表示地点的名词性从句由when引导的时间名词性从句由why引导的原因名词性从句由how引导的方式、方法名词性从句由whether引导的“是否”名词性从句。
三大从句之宾语从句
三大从句之宾语从句宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
通俗的说就是一个句子做另一个句子的宾语. 主要跟在及物动词和介词之后。
一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成,其语序是陈述句语序。
如何判断:1.可以从整个句式看,宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2.从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”。
3.从时态看。
if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
所以宾语从句的三大要素:时态语序引导词前世今生:I know you . you are right.→I know you are right. /I know that you are right.⏹引导词✧that (后面是陈述句) I believe that you are an honest boy.✧what which who I don’t know what they are going to do.what are they going to do?whose whom Tell me whose PSP it is.(whose PSP is it?)where when Can you tell me where he lives?where does he live?Why how I know why he was late. (why was he late?)(特殊疑问句)The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.宾语从句注意事项⏹主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时,或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时,后面常接that引导的宾语从句。
宾语从句 例句
宾语从句例句一、宾语从句的定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
它是名词性从句的一种。
例如:I think (that) he is a good student.(“he is a good student”这个句子在整个句子中作think的宾语)二、宾语从句的引导词1. that引导的宾语从句- that在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
- 例句:He says (that) he will come back soon.- 注意:当从句是并列句时,第二个及以后的从句的that不能省略。
例如:He said (that) he liked English and that he would study hard.2. if/whether引导的宾语从句- if和whether表示“是否”,在句中不充当句子成分,但不能省略。
- 例句:I don't know if/whether he will come.- 一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但在以下几种情况中只能用whether:- 与or not连用时,只能用whether。
例如:I don't know whether he will come or not.- 作介词的宾语时,只能用whether。
例如:We are talking about whether we'll go on a picnic.- 在不定式前,只能用whether。
例如:I don't know whether to go or stay.3. 连接代词引导的宾语从句- 连接代词有what, who, whom, whose, which等,它们在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。
- 例句:- I don't know what he is doing.(what在从句中作doing的宾语)- She asked me who was the man over there.(who在从句中作主语) - Do you know whose book this is?(whose在从句中作book的定语) - I wonder which one I should choose.(which在从句中作one的定语)4. 连接副词引导的宾语从句- 连接副词有when, where, why, how等,它们在从句中充当状语。
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He said
1) He would go to Hong Kong .
2) He was sick. 3) He was reading a book . 4) He had finished his work.
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候,宾语从句必须运用相 应的过去的某一种时态,从而达到主句和从句的相互 一致。(呼应性原则)
A. where does she live B. she lives where
C. where she lives
D. where she live
2. His parents wanted to know what he __B____at
that time.
A. is doing C. has done
It is on Fifth Avenue 3.Are they doing homework?
They are doing homework
4.Does she work in a hospital? She works in a hospital
5.Did you go to Center Park? You went to Center Park
哪些句子可以做宾语?
1.陈述句 he is a famous basketball player 2. 一般疑问句 will our t殊疑问句which coat did you prefer?
一、连词(引导词) 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连
例如:
• I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
• He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
注意一下情况只用whether,不用if。
1. whether引导的从句常可以与or not直接连用。 如: Let me know whether you can come or
4.Jimis__s_in_ging ( sing )a popular song now.
5.Jim h_a_s_b_een ( be ) to the Great Wall twice .
6.Jim w__a_s_playing( play ) basketball when his
father came back.
语
特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句)
从 句 三 要
时态
主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态
一般过去时
主句为一般过去时 从句
过去将来时 过去进行时
客观真理 自然现象
过去完成时
公式定理 名言警句 一般现在时
素 语序 宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序
巩固练习:
I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1.Do you know _______C___________?
7.Jim ha_d__le_arned ( learn )1000 Chinese words
by the end of last semester.
1.当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不作限制, 我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。 (需要性原则)
辨一辨
1) He will go to Hong Kong . 2) He is sick. 3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.
(地球围着太阳转)
练一练
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1. I know … (that)
2. She says … 3. Tell your friend …
1.This is a book. 2.You like singing. 3.He worked last night. 4.They will go home. 5.Jim has been to Beijing. 6.She sings well.
词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没 有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
❖Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. ❖She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. ❖Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. ❖He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
8.Where’s your pen pal from? Where your pen pal is from 9. Where does he live?
Where he lives
10.What language does she speak? What language she speaks
not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。如: Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
• 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。
– I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
• 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后, 作介词的宾语。
11.Why do you like pandas? Why you like pandas
• Do you know where h_e_c_o_m_es from?(he,come)
• Can you tell me which__i_s _th_e_w__a_y to the park? ( be, way)
6.Do we have to wear a uniform? We have to wear a uniform
7.Can we wear hats in school? We can wear hats in school
由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
一般疑问句做宾语
我问他是否想去游泳
I ask
Does he want to go swim?
1, 改为陈述句语气, 2,用if/whether连接
I ask If/whether he wants to go swim
(一)宾语从句的语序
句子的两种语序: 1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序
There is a shop near here.
B. was doing D. will do
3.—We don’t know _C_____.
-- It is said that he was born in Canada.
A. what he is
B. when he was born
C. where he comes from D. if he lives here
❖ I hear (that) __h_e__w_i_ll_b_e__b_a_c_k__in__a_n_h__o_u.r (一小时后他会回来) ❖ He said (that) __h_e__m__is_s_e_d__u_s_v_e_r_y__m_u_c_h.
(他非常想念我们)
❖ The teacher told us (that) ___t_h_e__e_a_rt_h__m__o_v_e_s_a_r_o_u_n_d__t_h_e. sun
确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)
主句时态 一般现在时
一般过去时
从句时态
连接前
连接后
时态保持不变
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时
He told me (that) summer is after spring .
I was told (that) the sun is much bigger than the moon.
Exercise
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: 1.Do you know … 2.I want to know … 3. Can you tell me …
1. What is this ? 2. What are you doing ? 3. Where do you live ? 4. When does he get up ? 5. How did you go to work? 6. Who will you play with?
➢ She knew that Danny is a student.
➢
He
told
me
that
winter
was
was colder
than
autumn.
➢ Do you know who car it is? is whose
Summary
that(陈述句 )
宾 引导词 if/whether(一般疑问句 )
一. 什么 是宾语从句?
我们 知道 姚明
We know Yao Ming. 主s 谓v 宾o
我们 知道
他是一个著名的篮球运动员
We know that he is a famous basketball player
主s 谓v
主s
谓v
宾o
连接词
宾o
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的 宾语,并有一个连接词引导。
2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序
Is there a shop near here?
宾语从句必须用 陈__述__语___序_