人教版高中英语选修八Unit2Cloning-语法篇(教师版)-word

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人教版高中英语选修八Unit2《Cloning》

onthemediaandpublicimagination. 5.Itsuddenlyopenedeverybody’seyestothepossib ilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnessesandeve ntoproducehumanbeings. 6.Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryo sneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain. 7.However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloning willhelpusorharmusandwhereitisleadingus.
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1.Cloningmeansmakingacopyofananimaloraplant.
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2.Gardenerscanmakealotofmoneybycloningplants
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完成句子
1. Thenaughtyboy_w__a_sf_o_r_b_i_d_d_e_n_t_o_le_a_v_e_t_h_e_cl_a_s_s_ro_o_m__ (被禁止离开教室）asapunishment.(forbid)

高二英语人教版选修8教案：Unit2CloningPeriod5 Word版含解析

Unit 2CloningPeriod 5Reading，Speaking and Writing整体设计教学内容分析The teaching materials of this period contain four parts.The first part is a reading passage，the text on Page 15 with the title of The Return of the Dinosaurs？It mainly talks about the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals，which always interests film makers and teenagers.The conclusion of the passage is：the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream.The second part is Reading Task on Page 58，which asks the students to read a passage about a debate and fill in the chart.By doing this，students will know what a debate is and how to organize a debate，which will be helpful in their future.The third part is Speaking Task on Page 60，which asks students to organize a debate and deliver their speech.This activity will encourage the students to speak actively in class and develop their speaking and listening ability.It will also be helpful to their next task—writing.The fourth part is Writing Task on Page 61.It asks students to write an article on a debate.三维目标设计Knowledge and skills1．To enable the students to know the chance of cloning dinosaurs and some information about extinct animals.2．To get the students to learn the following useful new words and expressions：strike，initial，vain，drawback，merely，decoration，adore，hatch，reasonable，strike...into one's heart，in vain，in good/poor condition，bother，be bound to do sth.，from time to time，bring sth./sb.back to life，resist.3．To get the students to understand and use the following important and useful sentence pattern：Besides that，there_is_also_a_fierce_debate_over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed.4．To help the students develop their speaking and listening ability.5．To help the students learn how to write an article on a debate.Process and methodsReading for specific information，summarizing，discussing and practicingEmotion and value1．To develop the students' sense of science.2．To develop the students' sense of cooperation with others to solve problems.教学重点、难点1．The understanding of the reading passage.2．The following key words and phrases：bother（打扰），be bound to do sth.（注定要做某事），from time to time（不时；偶尔），bring sth./sb.back to life（使……复活），resist（抵抗）3．The important sentence pattern：Besides that，there_is_also_a_fierce_debate_over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed.4．Teaching the students how to write an article on a debate.教学过程Step 1RevisionCheck the homework of the last period.Step 2Lead-inShow the students the following pictures on the slide and ask students the following questions：1．Have you ever seen the film Jurassic Park?2．Do you like dinosaurs?3．Do you think it is possible to bring the dinosaurs back to life by cloning?Step 3SkimmingSkim the passage and answer the question：Is it possible to bring the dinosaurs back to life by cloning？Why?Suggested answer：It is impossible，because based on what we know now，you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10 000 years and dinosaurs disappeared 65 000 000 years ago.Step 4ScanningAsk students to scan the passage and do the following exercises：1．True or false?（1）Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals because they think it can make money.（2）Diversity in a group helps prevent animals from dying of the same illness.（3）Zoos are appropriate to cloned animals.（4）Scientists can only clone animals extinct 10 000 years ago.2．Choose the best answer.（1）The writer of the text ______.A．is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animalsB．believes that extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloningC．thinks it impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaursD．dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth（2）Which of the following is true?A．Mice were cloned in 1981.B．Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal.C．The name of the cloned cow is “Bison”．D．China was successful in cloning twin calves.（3）The reason why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do not include ______.A．they have the same arrangement of genesB．there isn't enough diversity in the group for them to overcome illnessesC．the illness is too serious for all kinds of animalsD．their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease（4）We can infer from the text that ______.A．scientists are experimenting to clone dinosaursB．dinosaurs will never return to the earthC．cloned animals will only live in the zooD．the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10 000 yearsSuggested answers：1．（1）F（2）T（3）F（4）F2．（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）BStep 4Language studyShow the students the following language points in a slide show.1．bother（P14）【原句再现】However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.但是，后来它得了严重的肺病，这使科学家们非常担心。

超实用高考英语语法专题复习：Unit2 Cloning 人教版选修8

after death. 5．Social robots differ from household robots in that they are more like
humans. 6．The athlete's years of hard training paid off when she finally won the
ill.
背佳句 Then came the exciting news that our team won the game.
2．with 复合结构在句中作后置定语
悟原句 Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.
8． undertake vt. 9． breakthrough n. 10． altogether adv. 11． vain adj. 12． owe vt. 13． bother vt. 14． drawback n. 15． merely adv. 16． unable adj.
着手；从事；承担突破总共；完全地虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
4．medium n. 5．fate n. 6．conservative adj. 7．constitution n. 8．opera n. 9．chorus n. 10．claw n. 11．turkey n. 12．carrier n.
_____媒__介__；__手__段__；__工__具_____ _________命__运__；__天__命________ _______保__守__的__；__守__旧__的______ _________宪__法__；__章__程________ ____歌__剧__；__歌__剧__团__；__歌__剧__院___ ________合__唱__；__合__唱__队_______ __________爪__；__脚__爪_________ ___________火__鸡____________ __携__带__者__；__搬__运__工__；__运__输__工__具_

高二英语人教版选修8教案：Unit2CloningPeriod2Word版含解析

Unit 2 CloningPeriod 2 Language Study整体设计教学内容分析The emphasis of this period will be placed on the important newwords ，phrases and sentence patterns in Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading，Comprehending and Discovering useful words and expressions in Learning about Language.There are altogether 44 new words and phrases in these five parts.8 of them are marked with triangles ，which shows that the students needn't learn them by heart.It is enough to recognize them when meeting them while reading the passage.The other 36 should all be remembered ，among which the following words and expressions are even more important ：straightforward ，cast down ，altogether ，in favour of ，compulsory ，owe，retire ，differ ，undertake，pay off ，object，objection ，obtain ，forbid.They are all very useful and important.We ought to pay more attention to them.三维目标设计Knowledge and skillsTo get the students to learn to use the following important new words and phrases freely ：straightforward ，cast down，altogether，in favour of ，compulsory ，owe，retire ，differ ，undertake，pay off ，object ，objection ，obtain ，forbid.Process and methods1．To help the students understand the meanings of the above useful new words and expressions in the context ，and then give some explanations about them ，and at last offer some exercises to make students mastertheir usages.2．At the end of the class ，make students do more exercises for consolidation.In doing so ，they can learn，grasp and use these important language points well.Emotion ，attitude and value1．To stimulate students' interest in learning English.2．To develop students' sense of cooperation and teamwork. 教学重点、难点1．Important new words and expressions ：differ ，undertake，pay off ，object，objection ，obtain ，forbid.2．Some difficult and long sentences in the text.教学过程Step 1 Revision1．Check the homework exercises.2．Ask some students to talk about cloning.Step 2 Reading and findingGet students to read through Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading ，Comprehending and Discovering useful words and expressions in Learning about Language to underline all the new words and useful expressions or collocations in these parts.Read them aloud and copy them down in theexercise book.Step 3 Exercises for useful words and expressions1．Turn to Page 13.Go through the exercises in Discovering useful words and expressions with students and make sure they know what to do.2．Give them several minutes to finish the exercises.They first do them individually ，and then discuss and check them with their partners.3．Check the answers with the whole class and explain the problems they meet where necessary.Step 4 Vocabulary study Ⅰ ．简单知识扫描（A 级）1．straightforward （P11）【原句再现】Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is verycomplicated. 克隆植物简单，而克隆动物很复杂。

人教版高中英语选修八Unit 2 Cloning.docx

高中英语学习材料***鼎尚图文理制作***选修8 Unit 2 Cloning基础操练Ⅰ. 单词拼写1．It is (合情理的) to assume that he knew beforehand that this would happen.2．20 years ago, because of the (保守的) views of her parents, she got married to a man against her will.3．When the football match was over, he lay on the playground, 不能) to move.4．He was cast down when the (程序) he had used to produce a mammal clone ended in failure.5．I didn’t know anything about any of the books so my choice was quite(任意的). 6．Mr Zhang, who had completed 40 years of teaching, (退休) from teaching last month because of ill health.7．The old lady gave away an impressive collection of oil paintings she had (积累) to the national art gallery.8． In Britain education is (义务的) for all children between the ages of 5 and 16. 9．Despite the fact that he’s fed up with too many rules and (规章), he has to obey all of them.10. Her books have gained in (受欢迎) with teenagers in recent years.11. She couldn’t (忍住) laughing when she saw the young man.12. To say that this law will not affect our profits is to talk (胡说).13. The doctor explained that this was a (复杂的) procedure that he should considercarefully.14. It is reported that scientists have achieved a major (突破) in the treatment of thistype of cancer.15. The old painting was damaged in the flood and had to be (修复).16. I knocked at the door loudly in the (徒劳的) hope that someone might answer.17. After she’d got over (=overcome) her (开始的) shyness, she became very friendly.18. The film was highly praised, but was not a (商业的) success.19. The President returned to work (不久) after his operation.20. Your report is good and I’ve made only a few small (修改) to it.Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空pay off; cast…down; be bound to; strike…into one’s heart;from time to time; have a great impact on; in poor condition;in favour of; bring…back to life; owe…to21. If you take a job as a journalist, it goes without saying (不言而喻) that __________________you’ll have to work at weekends.22. The good news, however, ___________ fear of the enemies andthey immediately fled in all directions.23. I _______________________ all my debts by the end of next year.24. He felt a bit ______________________ when he failed his final physics exam.25. He turned down a university appointment _______________________ a political career.26. There _____________________ be changes when the new system is introduced next year.27. The leaning tower with a history of hundreds of years is _________________________ and badlyneeds repairing.28. People in the flood-stricken areas said that they ________________ a great deal _____________the PLA soldiers for their rescue work.29. The computer, as is known to all, has __________________________ modern life.30. Don’t bother yourself about cloning my pet cat. I won’t expect to ________ it . Ⅲ. 完成句子31. Cloning scientists ___________________________________ that Dolly’s illnesses were moreappropriate to a much older animal. (cast)研究克隆的科学家们很沮丧地发现，多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上。

人教版高中英语选修八unit2 Cloning

unit2 CloningⅠ.阅读理解AThere are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit humans.Dr Richard Seed, one of the leading supporters of humancloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible tocompletely change the aging process because of what we learn fromcloning.Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attackvictims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other industrialised countries.There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.语篇解读：本文作者从几个方面介绍了克隆人技术给人类带来了利益。

人教版高中英语选修8：unit 2 Cloning

Is it common?
Cloning has always bewehnyw? ith us and is here to stay.
Read Para 2:
1.Is cYleosn.ing practical in our life ? why ? gardeners research
2.Is cloning animals the same as cloning plants?
Homework
• Aftering reading the context ,write a letter to editor of China daily and show your concern about cloning?
The controversial effects of Dolly the sheep?
Where is it leading us ?
Read Para 1: What is cloning?
exact copy
animals
plants
natural clones
Can you give any examples of cloning in our daily life?
No. complicated
straightforward
paeifdfoorftfs
Dolly the sheep
Read the procedure and find out what it is?
__s_h__e_e_p___A__
female
___s_h__e_e__p___ B female
Read each para and find what information you can learn (5mins)

人教版高中英语选修八教案：+Unit2+Cloning+语法.doc

高二英语选修8 Unit 2 第四课时Grammar语法精解(一)1. 同位语the Appositive同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1) 名词Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.(2) 代词I myself will do the experiment.(3) 数词She is the oldest among them six.(4) 从句He told me the news that the plane had exploded.(5) 由such as, that is引导Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn.(6) 由of引导The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.(7) 由or引导The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure配套练习(一)一. 指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。

1. There is going to be a Chinese film tonight.( )2. She is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. ( )3. Her wish is to become a teacher. ( )4. He, my brother, managed to finish the work in time. ( )5. Tom came to ask me for advice. ( )6. We found it important to learn English. ( )7. Do you have anything else to wash? ( )8. To be honest, your writing isn’t so good. ( )9. Would you please tell me your name? ( )10. They noticed a man enter the room. ( )二. 单项填空1.My performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard, ___ , I failedA. in the endB. after allC. in other wordsD. at the same time2. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ___ I will always treasureA. thatB. oneC. itD. what语法精解(二)2. 同位语从句the Appositive clause(1) 同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

人教版高中英语选修8《Unit2Cloning》教案

人教版高中英语选修8《Unit2Cloning》教案人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 2 Cloning》教案【一】教学准备教学目标一、语言知识目标初步理解、掌握课文中关于克隆的词汇，学习分析课文中的长难句子。

二、阅读技能目标1. 能获取和处理文章中的主要信息。

2. 能够掌握文中出现的重要的语言知识三、学习策略目标掌握速读、略读、猜测词义等阅读策略。

四、情感态度目标让学生认识到克隆的利和弊。

五、文化意识目标了解克隆，正确地利用克隆技术来为人类服务。

教学重难点初步理解、掌握课文中关于克隆的词汇，学习分析课文中的长难句子。

教学过程Step 1 Daily reportOne student comes to the front and gives a report about advantages and disadvantages of science and technology.Step 2 leading-inThe teacher shows some pictures and starts a discussion about cloning.Step 3 SkimmingTask 1: What’s the main idea of the passage?Task 2: Match the main idea with each paragraphPara 1: A. People’s attitude towards cloning.Para 2: B. The problems of Dolly.Para 3: C. The impact of Dolly.Para 4: D. Two major uses and the procedure of cloning.Para 5: E. The definition(定义)of cloning.Step 4 ScanningTask 1. Look through Para 2 and answer the following questions.(1) What are the two major uses of cloning?(2) Which one is easier, to make plant clones or animal clones?Task 2. Look through Para 3 and fill in the chart.Task 3. Do the following translation and word guessing.(1). Translation:On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm o f objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(2). The word “controversial” in paragraph 4 probably means_________.A. complicatedB. arguableC. importantD. valuableTask4. Do the following Tor F questions based on Paragraph 5.1. People feared some evil leaders might use cloning to reach their goal.2. All the research into cloning will be forbidden.3. Religious leaders are in favor of human cloning.Step 5 Enjoy beautiful sentences1. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.2. At last the determination and patience of the scientistspaid off.3. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Step 6 Question and answerThis part is for students to find if they still have questions. If there is any, they can ask their classmates to help them.Step 7 QuizNote: This part is very challenging. In the picture there are five numbers. Students can choose their lucky number and answer questions. Most of the questions are based on what they have learned in class.Step 8. Test yourselfFill in the blank with proper words.Cloning is a way of _______ (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is _______ gardeners use it to produce plants. The ______ is that it is valuable for medical research on animals. ________, the process of cloning is difficult ___________ (undertake).The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole _________ (science) world follow its progress, though it had ________ problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance _______ (raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact ______ the media and public imagination. Different people have different opinions on it. However, scientists still wonder ______ cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.Step 9 DebateTopic: Are you for or against cloning?课后小结HomeworkWrite a passage entitled My view on cloning.课后习题评测练习主要有两个。

人教版高中英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning-词汇篇(教师版)

人教版高中英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning-词汇篇（教师版）第3讲Cloning 词汇篇____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________1.熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。

一. 重点词汇1. differ v. 不同；相异；使.......相异常用结构：A differs fromB in ...A与B在......方面不同A differs withB about/on/over... A与B就......意见相左Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有车库。

The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。

联想拓展difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的make a difference to 对......产生变化；对什么有n. 物体;目标object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object that ... 反对......No one objected to the plan.没有人反对这项计划。

We object to being treated like this.我们反对受到这样的待遇。

Why do some people object to human cloning? 为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢？The building is the main object of his interest.他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。

人教版高二英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning 知识点讲解

Unit 2 Working the land(耕作土地，在田间耕作) 一．单词考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1.struggle的用法⑴作vi.时，“斗争；拼搏；努力”搭配：for...为……而斗争struggle against...与……作斗争with...与……并肩作战to do sth....努力做某事eg:Millions of people are struggling for survival.⑵作n.时，[C]“斗争；奋斗；努力”搭配：with sb.for sth.与某人一起支持某事的斗争a struggle with sb.against sth.与某人一起反对某事的斗争with sb.to do sth.与某人一起努力做某事between A and B A与B之间的斗争eg:It is a struggle between good and evil.2.hunger的用法⑴作n时，[U]“饥饿”[C]“渴望，欲望”搭配：with hunger因为/由于饥饿die of hunger死于饥饿have a (strong) hunger for sth.(强烈)渴望某物eg:She has a strong hunger for knowledge.⑵作vi时，“渴求；渴望得到”搭配：hunger for/after...渴望得到hunger to do sth.渴望做某事eg:We all hunger for others’ understanding.3.disturbingadj 引起烦恼的；令人不安的—disturbedadj(感到)心烦意乱的；烦恼的—disturbvt使不安eg:What he said was disturbing.4.expand v “使变大；伸展”的用法搭配：expand...into...把……扩展/发展成……expand into...扩展/膨胀成……expand (up)on阐述，详谈eg:①Tom is expanding his story into a novel.②Expand this sentence into a paragraph.区别：expand,extend,enlarge,stretch⑴expand指范围、体积的扩大，尤指向四面八方扩大、扩张。

高二英语人教版选修8教案：Unit2CloningPeriod1 Word版含解析

Unit 2Cloning单元要览本单元的中心话题是“克隆”，即无性繁殖。

1997年英国罗斯林研究所试验成功的克隆羊多莉是首次利用体细胞克隆成功的，它在生物工程史上揭开了新的一页。

本单元具体内容涉及“什么是克隆”、“克隆羊多莉是如何诞生的”、“克隆的利与弊”等。

通过本单元的教学，可以帮助同学们了解两种不同的克隆——自然克隆与人工克隆，克隆是如何产生的，人类从克隆中可以得到什么好处，克隆人可能带来什么问题，等等，同时可以引发他们对于克隆动物健康的关注以及对于克隆技术发展前景的思考等。

本单元的主要教学内容如下表所示：类别课程标准要求掌握的内容话题Natural clones and man-made clones；the history of cloning；controversy about cloning词汇cast vt.扔；投；掷operan.歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院object vi.反对；不赞成chorus n.合唱；合唱队obtain vt.获得；赢得loaf n.一条（面包）owe vt.欠；归功于flour n.面粉retire vi.退休；离开assumption n.假定；设想bother vt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰regulation n.规则；规章；法规strikevt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工n.罢工drawback n.缺点；不利条件resist vt.抵抗；对抗decoration n.装饰vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的feather n.羽毛differ vi.不同；相异turkey n.火鸡undertake vt.着手；从事；承担claw n.爪；脚爪attain vt.获得；到达exact adj.精确的；准确的forbid vt.禁止；不准commercial adj.商业的；贸易的accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积straightforwardadj.简单的；直接的；坦率的adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱arbitrary adj.任意的hatch vt.&vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化moraladj.道德（上）的；伦理的twinn.双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的conservative adj.保守的；守旧的breakthrough n.突破compulsory adj.义务的；强制的procedure n.程序；步骤；手续initial adj.最初的；开始的carrier n.携带者；搬运工；运输工具unable adj.不能的；不会的correction n.改正；修正；纠正reasonableadj.合情理的；讲道理的objection n.不赞成；反对；异议altogether adv.总共；完全地medium/media n.媒介；手段；工具shortly adv.立刻；不久constitution n.宪法；章程merely adv.仅；只；不过pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清from time to time 不时；偶尔cast down 沮丧；不愉快bring back to life 使复生；使复活in favour of 赞成；支持in vain 白费力气；枉费心机（be）bound to（do）．..一定或注定（做）……in good/poor condition 状况/情况很好/坏strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心side road 旁路；支线句型1．Then came the disturbing news that_Dolly_had_become_seriously_ill.（同位语从句）2．Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were_more_appropriate_to a much older animal.3．Is it in_favour_of cloning or against it？4．Dolly's death，like her birth，was_bound_to raise worries.5．Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasn't been proved yet.6．Besides that，there is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed.功能1．接受与拒绝（Acceptance and refusal）I'm happy to accept...but...I cannot accept your argument because...I support...because... No，I can't agree with...because...I agree with/could never agree to...because...How can you believe that?Your argument has convinced me because...I would like to agree with you but...Do you think it is wise to...? No，that is not reasonable because...Is it fair to...? I don't care for your ideas because...I don't mind but...2．表扬与鼓励（Praise and encouragement）Your ideas sound very encouraging to me.That's a good/great idea.Well done to you for...语法复习同位语（Revise the Appositive）1．名词（短语）作同位语But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the_cloning_of_Dolly_the_sheep.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years，half the length of the life of the original sheep. 2．从句作同位语The fact that_she_seemed_to_develop_normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that_Dolly_had_become_seriously_ill.教学重点1．Get students to know about cloning and its advantages and disadvantages.2．Have students learn some useful new words and expressions about cloning and let them learn effective ways to master them.3．Enable students to grasp and use the expressions of acceptance and refusal，praise and encouragement.4．Let students revise the grammar item：the use of the appositive.5．Develop students' listening，speaking，reading and writing ability.教学难点1．Enable students to master the use of the appositive.2．Let students learn to write a short passage to explain how to deal with cloning. 3．Develop students' integrative skills.课时安排Periods needed：6Period 1Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading and Comprehending Period 2Language StudyPeriod 3Grammar—Revise the Appositive（Words，Phrases and Clauses）Period 4Listening and SpeakingPeriod 5Reading，Speaking and WritingPeriod 6Summing Up，Learning Tip and AssessmentPeriod 1Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading and Comprehending整体设计教学内容分析This is the first teaching period of this unit.The central part of this period is the reading passage with the name of Cloning：Where Is It Leading Us? It talks about what is cloning，the uses of cloning and different ideas about cloning.Warming Up gives four pictures to help students understand what is cloning and the types of cloning.Then they will be led to discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made，and think about how they differ.This part is designed to help the students to recall their background knowledge about cloning and prepares students for the whole unit.Pre-reading provides a table “Questions about cloning” and let students discuss what they understand about cloning.Then students can list the questions they want to find out and share their lists with one another.The aim of this part is for students to examine their concept of cloning and discuss what they know about the procedure to produce man-made ones.The aim of Reading is to introduce students to the procedure of animal cloning and the life of Dolly the sheep.It is a factual piece of writing.It explains some of the reasons why cloning is still controversial.Comprehending consists of three written or oral exercises for the students to do so as to help the students to get a better understanding of the text，that is to say，to help the teacher to check how much the students have understood the text.三维目标设计Knowledge and skills1．To know the meanings of the following new words and phrases in this period：differ（不同；相异），exact（精确的，准确的），twin（双胞胎之一），commercial（商业的；贸易的），straightforward（简单的；直接的；坦率的），undertake（着手；从事；承担），pay off（得到好结果；取得成功；偿清），breakthrough（突破），procedure（程序；步骤；手续），carrier（携带者；搬运工；运输工具），cast down（沮丧；不愉快），altogether （总共；完全地），arbitrary（任意的），correction（改正；修正；纠正），objection（不赞成；反对；异议），medium/media（媒介；手段；工具），obtain（获得；赢得），attain（获得；到达），moral（道德的；伦理的），conservative（保守的；守旧的），forbid（禁止；不准），accumulate（积累；聚积），in favour of（赞成；支持）2．To learn about some facts and views about cloning.3．To learn how the information is organized.4．To develop the students' reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.5．To develop the students' speaking ability by talking about cloning.Process and methods1．While doing Warming Up the teacher can lead in the topic of this unit by showing students some pictures or videos about cloning，making the students recall their own knowledge about cloning.2．During Pre-reading the teacher can let students discuss the questions in groups.This discussion should be student-centered and lead them to the content of Reading.3．While doing Reading and Comprehending，the teacher may first ask the students to read the text quickly to get the general idea.After detailed reading of the passage，students are encouraged to discuss the writer's point of view.4．To consolidate the contents of the reading passage，the students should be required to retell the text in their own words at the end of the class.Emotion，attitude and value1．To make students realize the benefit of cloning and the harm of cloning.2．To develop students' sense of cooperative learning and competition.教学重点、难点1．To enable the students to learn about cloning and to develop their reading ability.2．To enable the students to talk about what we should do to deal with cloning properly.教学过程Step 1Warming upThe topic “cloning” is difficult for students.So the teacher should help the students learnmore about it.In class the teacher can talk as follows.“Do you enjoy watching TV series？Have you ever seen Journey to the West？It tells how Monk Tang went to the Western Heaven to acquire scriptures.In this series，Monkey King plays an important part.He has seventy-two transformations.He can change his looks exactly the same as another one，which helps him overcome lots of difficulties on the way to the Western Heaven.But nowadays，you can imagine how rapidly the modern science and technology develop.I think most of you must know something about space traveling.Human beings can do what Monkey King could do or even could not do.In recent years，a hot topic，cloning，is often mentioned，especially when the clone Dolly the sheep appeared.Cloning technologies have been around much longer than Dolly，though.First things first，what is cloning？It sounds very different and complicated to us.In fact，I mean，in our daily life，this happens often.For example，gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.You often see that your mother picks a small branch from a growing plant to make a new one.If she likes this kind of flowers，she can do cloning.Cloning also happens in animals or human beings when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The possibility of human cloning，raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute create d the muchcelebrated sheep “Dolly”，aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications.Look at the pictures and discuss how natural clones and man made clones differ.”Step 2Pre-readingBefore class，ask the students to search for some information about cloning.Now show the questions on the screen，and then let them work in pairs and discuss about cloning.Ask the students to list the questions they want to find out and then share their lists with their partners. Questions about cloning：1．What is a clone?2．How is a clone produced?3．What benefits can humans gain from cloning?4．What problems may arise when humans are cloned?5．Should we clone human?6．Could cloning replace sex as the means of creating new human life?7．Could a parent clone a child who is dying of a terminal illness?The teacher walks around the classroom and gives the students some help if necessary.After a few minutes，ask students what is the writer's opinion about cloning.If they can't give their answers，ask them to read the article quickly to find answers to the questions.Suggested answers：1．A clone is an animal or plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.2．This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones and when small parts of a plant are taken and grown in a laboratory.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.3．It can help cure disease and can help couples who can't bear a new baby.4．（1）People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.（2）People may want to clone dead children.（3）People may want to clone their favourite pets.5．I do not think we should，for it may cause many moral problems.6．No.Because cloned human has the same quality as the real human while natural born baby's quality is higher than his parents.7．No.The cloned baby also has the disease.Step 3Reading and comprehendingGet the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students form a good habit of reading.1．Fast readingShow the following questions on the screen.Ask students to read the passage quickly and tell whether the following statements are true（T）or false（F）．（1）Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant.（）（2）Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants.（）（3）Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants.（）（4）Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal.（）（5）Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants.（）Suggested answers：（1）F（2）T（3）F（4）T（5）T2．Careful reading（1）Ask students to read the text again and find out the main idea of each paragraph.Paragraph 1：________________________________________Paragraph 2：________________________________________Paragraph 3：________________________________________Paragraph 4：________________________________________Paragraph 5：________________________________________Suggested answers：Paragraph 1：Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.Paragraph 2：Cloning has two major uses.Paragraph 3：The problems of Dolly.Paragraph 4：The effect of Dolly.Paragraph 5：It is forbidden to clone human beings.（2）Show the following exercises on the screen and ask students to read the text again and find the answer to each question.①The main idea of the text is ______.A．animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the worldB．animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbiddenC．animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was bornD．animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future②Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the text?A．Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.B．Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.C．Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.D．Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.③The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep B because ______.A．it provides the egg cell B．it gives birth to the lambC．it provides the nucleus D．it is a female sheep④An original sheep most probably lives ______ years.A．3B．6 C．9D．13⑤Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?A．Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B．Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C．There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D．Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.⑥Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?A．Cloning can be used for medical purposes.B．Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.C．Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.D．Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.⑦We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______.A．The normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species.B．Dolly's serious disease and final death disturbed everyone in the world.C．Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists.D．There were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.⑧What is the writer's attitude toward cloning in this passage?A．The writer is against cloning.B．The writer is in favour of cloning.C．The writer does not state any personal opinion about cloning.D．The writer is in agreement with cloning.Suggested answers：DACD DCDCStep 4Language studyDeal with language problems if any（words or sentences students might not understand）to help the students have a better understanding of the text.Step 5Listening，reading aloud and underliningAsk students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them down in their notebooks after class as homework.Collocations：quantities of，pay off，on the one hand，on the other hand，be appropriate to，have a great impact on，at present，etc.Step 6Homework1．Read the text carefully after class and learn the useful new words and expressions in this period by heart.2．Try to find some data about cloning on the Internet，and show your class in the next period and talk about them.Step 7Reflection after teaching________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________教学参考Ⅰ．Cloning（克隆）Cloning in biology is the process of similar producing populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria，insects or plants reproduce asexually.Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments （molecular cloning），cells（cell cloning），or organisms.The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software.The term clone is derived from κλνοs，the Greek word for “trunk，branch”，referring to the process whereby a new plant can be created from a twig.In horticulture，the spelling clon was used until the twentieth century；the final e came into use t o indicate the vowel is a “long o” instead of a “short o”．Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context，the spelling clone has been used exclusively.Ⅱ．Molecular cloning（分子克隆）Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple copies of a defined DNA sequence.Cloning is frequently used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes，but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters，non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA.It is used in a wide array of biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production.Occasionally，the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest，such as in positional cloning.In practice，localization of the gene to a chromosome or genomic region does not necessarily enable one to isolate or amplify the relevant genomic sequence.To amplify any DNA sequence in a living organism，that sequence must be linked to an origin of replication，which is a sequence of DNA capable of directing the propagation of itself and any linked sequence.However，a number of other features are needed and a variety of specialized cloning vectors（small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted）exist that allow protein expression，tagging，single stranded RNA and DNA production and a host of other manipulations.Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps：1．fragmentation—breaking apart a strand of DNA2．ligation—gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence3．transfection（转染）—inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells4．screening/selection—selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNAAlthough these steps are invariable among cloning procedures a number of alternative routes can be selected，these are summarized as a ‘cloning strategy’．Initially，the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size.Subsequently，a ligation procedure is used where the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector（piece of DNA）．The vector（which is frequently circular）is linearised using restriction enzymes，and incubated with the fragment of interest under appropriate conditions with an enzyme called DNA ligase（连接酶）．Following ligation the vector with the insert of interest is transfected into cells.A number of alternative techniques are available，such as chemical sensitivation of cells，electroporation，optical injection and biolistics.Finally，the transfected cells are cultured.As the aforementioned procedures are of particularly low efficiency，there is a need to identify the cells that have been successfully transfected with the vector construct containing the desired insertion sequence in the required orientation.Modern cloning vectors include selectable antibiotic resistance markers，which allow only cells in which the vector has been transfected，to grow.Additionally，the cloning vectors may contain color selection markers，which provide blue/white screening on X-gal medium.Nevertheless，these selection steps do not absolutelyguarantee that the DNA insert is present in the cells obtained.Further investigation of the resulting colonies must be required to confirm that cloning was successful.This may be accomplished by means of PCR，restriction fragment analysis and/or DNA sequencing.Ⅲ．Cloning in stem cell research（干细胞克隆研究）Somatic cell nuclear transfer，known as SCNT，can also be used to create embryos for research or therapeutic purposes.The most likely purpose for this is to produce embryos for use in stem cell research.This process is also called “research cloning” or “therapeutic cloning.” The goal is not to create cloned human beings（called “reproductive cloning”），but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat disease.While a clonal human blastocyst has been created，stem cell lines are yet to be isolated from a clonal source.Organism cloning（also called reproductive cloning）refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism，genetically identical to another.In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction，where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place.Asexual reproduction is a naturally occurring phenomenon in many species，including most plants and some insects.Scientists have made some major achievements with cloning，including the asexual reproduction of sheep and cows.There is a lot of ethical debate over whether or not cloning should be used.However，cloning，or asexual propagation，has been common practice in the horticultural world for hundreds of years.Ⅳ．Dolly the Sheep（多莉羊）Dolly，a Finn-Dorset ewe，was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell.She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there from her birth in 1996 until her death in 2003 when she was six.Her stuffed remains were placed at Edinburgh's Royal Museum，part of the National Museums of Scotland.Dolly was publicly significant because the effort showed that the genetic material from a specific adult cell，programmed to express only a distinct subset of its genes，can be reprogrammed to grow an entire new organism.Before this demonstration，it had been shown by John Gurdon that nuclei from differentiated cells could give rise to an entire organism after transplantation into an enucleated egg.However，this concept was not yet demonstrated in a mammalian system.Cloning Dolly the sheep had a low success rate per fertilized egg；she was born after 237 eggs were used to create 29 embryos，which only produced three lambs at birth，only one of which lived.Seventy calves have been created and one third of them died young；Prometea took 277 attempts.Notably，although the first clones were frogs，no adult cloned frog has yet been produced from a somatic adult nucleus donor cell.There were early claims that Dolly the Sheep had pathologies resembling accelerated aging.Scientists speculated that Dolly's death in 2003 was related to the shortening of telomeres，DNA-protein complexes that protect the end of linear chromosomes.However，other researchers，including Ian Wilmut who led the team that successfully cloned Dolly，argue that Dolly's early death due to respiratory infection was unrelated to deficiencies with the cloning process.Though Dolly was the first cloned mammal，the first vertebrate to be cloned was a tadpole in 1952.Ⅴ．Ethical issues of cloning（克隆引起的伦理问题）Although the practice of cloning organisms has been widespread for several thousands of years in the form of horticultural cloning，the recent technological advancements that have allowed for cloning of animals（and potentially humans）have been highly controversial.The Catholic Church and many religious organizations oppose all forms of cloning，on the grounds that life begins at conception.Conversely，Judaism does not equate life with conception and，though some question the wisdom of cloning，Orthodox rabbis generally find no firm reason in Jewish law and ethics to object to cloning.From the standpoint of classical liberalism，concerns also exist regarding the protection of the identity of the individual and the right to protect one's genetic identity.Gregory Stock is a scientist and outspoken critic against restrictions on cloning research.Bioethicist Gregory Pence also attacks the idea of criminalizing attempts to clone humans.The social implications of an artificial human production scheme were famously explored in Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World.On December 28,2006，the U．S.Food and Drug Administration（FDA）approved the consumption of meat and other products from cloned animals.Cloned-animal products were said to be virtually indistinguishable from the non-cloned animals.Furthermore，companies would not be required to provide labels informing the consumer that the meat comes from a cloned animal.Critics have raised objections to the FDA's approval of cloned-animal products for human consumption，arguing that the FDA's research was inadequate，inappropriately limited，and of questionable scientific validity.Several consumer-advocate groups are working to encourage a tracking program that would allow consumers to become more aware of cloned-animal products within their food.Joseph Mendelson，legal director of the Center for Food Safety，said that cloned food still should be labeled since safety and ethical issues about it remain questionable.Carol Tucker Foreman，director of food policy at the Consumer Federation of America，stated that FDA does not consider the fact that the results of some studies revealed that cloned animals have increased rates of mortality and deformity at birth.（以上材料均来源于：/wiki/Cloning）。

高中英语人教版选修8Unit2CloningGrammar教案(系列二)

选修八Unit2 CloningPeriod3 GrammarTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语bother, regulation, resist, unable, argument, reasonable, obtain, be bound to, from time to time, bring back to life, pay offb. 重点句子Altogether Dolly lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to learn the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to use the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.Teaching important points教学重点The use of the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.Teaching difficult points教学难点How to teach the students to master the usage of the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.Teaching methods 教学方法Study independently and practice.Teaching aids教具准备A projector and a blackboard.Teaching procedures & ways过程与方式Step Ⅰ RevisionCheck the students’ homework.T: Last class we talked something about cloning. Now, who can show your opinion?S: Let me have a try. In my opinion it is wrong to clone human beings. If my parents decided to have a clone made of me, I would feel very sad and I would never accept the clone as a member of the family or as my friend.T: Good job!Step ⅡGrammarT: Do you know the appositive clauses? Please pick out three more examples from the reading passage.Sample answers:The fact is that they are natural clones of each other.The whole scientific would follow the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep.Altogether Dolly lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.T: Now let me explain something about the appositive clauses. The appositive clause is a clause used as an appositive. The clause is an explanation to the noun before. The appositive clause belongs to noun clauses. Most of the appositive clauses may be introduced by the conjunction that. A content clause is frequently in apposition with such nouns as fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief, suggestion etc.Some examples:Nobody shares my belief that he was mad.My suggestion that he was mad was not accepted.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.T: The words the fact are often inserted in front of an object clause when the clause cannot be conveniently connected with the verb either directly or by means of the representative it.This cannot hide the fact that he is growing old.We must face the fact that we are living in a revolutionary world.Some supplements:同位语从句与that引导的定语从句1) 从先行词看同位语从句与名次之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系。

(人教版)高中英语选修八(教学资料,补习资料)：Unit 2 Cloning 语言点及其练习

Unit 2 Cloning语言点学习目标重点词汇differ undertake obtain forbid accumulate resist objectattain owe bother strike重点短语pay off cast down have impact on in favor of be bound to do from time to time // bring back to life in vain in good/ poor condition重点句型Then came the news that...知识讲解重点词汇differ【原句回放】Think about how they differ. 考虑一下它们有怎样的不同。

【点拨】differ vi.有区别，与......相异，不同于常见搭配：differ from 与......不同/有区别（=be different from）differ from/ with 与......意见不一致（=disagree with）differ with sb. on/ about sth. 对某事与某人意见不同differ in 在……方面不同Their house differs from mine in having no garage.他们的房子和我不同，区别在于没有车库。

I differ with him on how to solve the problem. 怎样解决这个问题我和他有分歧。

【拓展】difference n.差异, 差别different adj. 不同的常见搭配：be different from…与……不同make a difference 有差别, 有关系make some (no\ not much\ ...) difference 有（没有\不太大的\......）关系undertake【原句回放】It is difficult task to undertake. 这是一项艰难的任务。

人教版高中英语选修8Unit2Cloningword教案

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学生一起讨论，并让学生发表各自观点，最后统一答案。⇒学生再次认真阅读课文，(讲义第 11－12页)进行深度明白得，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第20页)。⇒教师指导学生讨论，一起找出答案。
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让学生依照所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第21页)。⇐学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。教师予以更正。⇐让学生完成“知识初探”部份(见学案第21页)。
In response，Chen said that he would continue his research.
【诱思导学】
1．Do you think pandas can be saved by cloning？Why?
______________________________________________
●教学流程设计
导入新课。⇒学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第19页)。⇒学生就“话题美文导读”进行讨论，统一答案。⇓
学生再次阅读课文(讲义第 11－12页)并完成“语篇明白得”(见学案第20页)。⇐师生一起讨论并统一答案。⇐让学生快速阅读课文，(见讲义第11－12页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第20页)。
Some scientists take a different view.“While I agree that research on cloning is meaningful，it is inappropriate to use giant pandas in this type of experiment.The number of pandas is limited and human beings have yet to master knowledge about pandas' pregnancy.Cloning would do little to save the species，”said Wang Dajun，a researcher at the School of Life Sciences，Peking University.

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第 4 讲Cloning 语法篇1.掌握同位语从句的结构与功能；2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。

一. 概述：同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

同位语从句通常由that 引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact 、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem 、promise 、question、request、suggestion、truth 、wish 、word 等。

例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

二. 同位语从句的功能1.同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that 引导，例如：1)The king ' ss dioenc ithat the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.whethereg: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 3.连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which1)I have no idea what size shoes she wears.2)I have no idea which wine is best —it ' s a matter of personal taste.3)The question who will take his place is still not clear.三. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting were put off.四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语) ，而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。

例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. ( 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。

) (第一个that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. ( 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。

)(同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分)五. 如何判断从句类型：1.放句首没有用逗号分开的，一般是主语从句，也有可能是状语从句，但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词，则一定是主语从句。

2.放及物动词后，若及物动词不是被动语态，后面一定是宾语从句；若句首为It ，该及物动词是被动语态，后面一般是主语从句（It+ is + adj/n./done+ that/whether/when ）或⋯状语从句。

3.放be动词后，后面就是表语从句，但“It is/was + 从句（被强调成分） + that 是强”调句（强调句中“非谓语”）。

4.放名词后，一般是定语从句，但若该名词有“内涵/内容”（ fact/truth/news/ information /problem/suggestion /idea / doubt ），则很可能是同位语从句。

1.（2019 重庆卷）—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea he did it; that ' s one of his favorite universities.A.whenB. whyC. thatD. how答案: B解析: 本题实际上是一个同位语从句，是对名词idea 的内容进行的说明。

短语have no idea 后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如have no idea where to go 等。

根据句意可知使用why 表示原因。

故 B 正确。

2.（2019 浙江高考） The only way to succeed at the highest level id to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.howB. thatC. whichD. whether答案: B解析: 此句是同位语从句，对belief 进行说明，根据句意从句部分不缺少成分，that 引导，所以选 B 。

3.（2019 兰州高二下）Tomorrow is Tom 's birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held .A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what答案: C解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句对idea 进行说明，从句中缺少地点状语，所以选C。

4.（2019 浙江温州高二下） Word comes free souvenirs will be given to whoever comes first.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. which答案: B解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句是对word 进行解释，由于从句中不缺少成分，用that 引导，所以选 B 。

5.（2019 江苏南昌高二下）---Dad, can you meet my demand I be given a chance to travel to Beijing?A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when答案: B解析: 此句考查同位语从句的引导词，从句是对demand 进行解释，从句部分不缺少成分，根据句意应该填that ，所以选择 B 。

基础演练1. What do you think his proposal _ we _______ a play at the English party.A. what; put upB. that; put onC. which; put upD. that; put off2. ____ is known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2019 World Expo.A. WhichB. ThisC. ThatD. It3. He made a promise ___ he would help me.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. why4. Mother made a promise ___ I entered a key school, she would take me to Hongkong.A. thatB. that ifC. ifD. whether5. All the people around the world have the same simple dream they will always live in peace andcomfort.9. We all know the truth the earth ___ around the sun.A. if; movedB. that; movesC. why; moveD. whether; move10. The question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if11. The question came up at the meeting _ w e had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether12. There ' s a feeling in me __ w e ' ll neve ar kUnFoOw iws-h--a-t-not ever.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. what13. It remains a question we can get so much money in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. what14. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which15. They came to the conclusion __ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B . because of not all things be doneA. thatB. which Key: 1-5BDABA6. T hey have no idea at all .A. where he has gone C. which place has he gone 7. H is success was because of A. thatB. the fact whichC. whereD. when巩固提高B. where did he goD. where has he gone_ he had been working hard.C. the fact thatD. thefact8. T he order came ___the soldiers A. that ;had to leave C. /; must leave the small village the next morningB. that; should leaveD. when; should leave1. I have no idea _ he will come back.A. WhereB. whenC. whatD. that2. The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A. ThatB. whenC. whatD. how3. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what thatB. that whichC. that whatD. which that4. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. WhatB. whetherC. thatD. which5. They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .which B. when C. /D .that 6. He can ' t answer the question7. I have the informationwe are behind the other classes.9. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if10. His suggestion __ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we goB. which we should goC. that we would goD. when we should go11. An idea came to her ____ she might do the experiment in another day.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. which12. ______________________ They have no idea at all .A. where he has goneB. which place he has goneC. where did he goD. where has he gone13. The question remains __ the Party can win the majority of the people.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. /14. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A. WhetherB. WhereC. ThatD. when15. Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether Key: 1-5 DBACD6-10 CBDAA11-15 AACAB . 单项选择1. ________ The fact she works hard is well known to us all. A. of what he ' ll come soon B. that he ' ll come soon C. of that he ' ll come soon D. his coming soon A. how B. where C. when D.thatC. being not all things can bedoneKey: 6-10 ACBBA D. because not all things can be done he got the money. A. thatB. whomC. howD. whether 8. But the fact remainsA.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.________ The fact he was successful proves his ability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3.__________ The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4._____________ His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.I have no idea he will start.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./二. 用恰当的关系词填空1.The news _____ our team has won the game is really encouraging.2.I have no idea ____ he did it.3.I have no idea ____ the meeting will begin.4.The problem _______ (if/whether) they will go to Beijing hasn ' t been discussed yet.5.We haven ' t settled the question __ we ' re going to spend our summer vacation.Key: 一.1-5 AABBA二. 1. that 2. how 3. when 4. whether 5. where三. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。