北师大版初二(上)英语第10讲：unit 5 语法篇(学生版)-学习文档
【教育资料】北师大版初三英语第10讲：unit 5 语法篇(学生版)学习精品
Unit 5语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 理解并掌握定语从句的用法定语从句一、定语从句相关概念定语：定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的词。
定语从句：复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，在句中作定语。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词包括：who, whom, which, that, whose, as; 关系副词包括；when, where, why。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
例如：Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
例如：The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。
北师大版初三英语第10讲：unit 5 语法篇(学生版)
北师大版初三英语第10讲：unit 5 语法篇(学生版)1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
例如：The boys who are playing football are from C lass One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
例如：Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked abo ut on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
例如：The factory which makes computers is far aw ay from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys . 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The factory that /which I worked ten yearsago is rebuilt. 我十年前工作的那个工厂被重建了。
5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
可翻译成“的”。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
外研版初二(上)英语第10讲：Module-5-语法篇(学生版)
Module 5语法篇___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______熟练掌握本模块的动词不定式及双宾语。
动词不定式的用法(1)动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成 (有时可以不带to)。
其否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
它属于一种非谓语动词的形式, 在句子中不能充当谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但它可以保留动词的性质, 其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语）。
动词不定式（短语）的句法功能非常广泛, 在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。
1.动词不定式作宾语的用法动词不定式置于谓语动词之后, 作动词的宾语, 表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
在英语中, 并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式, 一般说来, 用不定式时, 所表示的多为将来的行为。
但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆, 因为动词不同, 其后动词形式的要求也就不同。
（1）能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等动词, 但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。
例如:I hope to visit this place again.我希望能再度访问此地。
人教版初二(上)英语第10讲：unit 5语法篇(学生版)-张晶
人教版初二（上）英语第10讲：unit 5语法篇（学生版）-张晶Unit 5 语法篇____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。
动词不定式:肯定式: to do 否定式: not to do 省略to的: do句法作用例句作宾语She wanted to borrowmy radio.作状语She went to see hergrandma last Sunday.tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事order sb. to do 命令某人做某事。
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事省略to的情况:使役动词：let, make, have感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice3、动词不定式做主语动词不定式作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。
例如：It is not easy to learn a foreign language.It took us three days to do the work.4、动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where,when 等连用，构成不定式短语。
八年级英语Unit 10 part 1北师大版知识精讲
初二英语Unit 10 part 1北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 10 part 1学会用现在完成时描述刚刚做完的动作或事情。
二. 教学重点：1. 现在完成时2. 课文解析。
三. 具体内容。
（一）现在完成时：1. 表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调动作的结果和对现在的影响。
常与just, yet, already, ever, never 等时间状语连用。
e.g. I have already done my work.（说明不用再工作了）I have bee a soldier.（我过去当上了兵，现在仍是兵）2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在仍未结束，并含持续到将来的意思。
此用法经常与一些表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如：today, recently, lately, since, during/in the past two days, this week, these days, so far, for a long time…e.g. We have waited for the whole day.（现在仍然在等）3. 构成：主语+ have/has +done…I have written a postcard to my friend.She has lived here since she was born.4. have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别：have/has been to 表示“去过某地”，表明说话人的一种经历，可以与“once, several times, ever, never”连用。
e has been to Shanghai three times.have/has gone to 表示“去了某地”，表明主语已在去某地的路上或已到达某地。
一般只能用于第三人称，不能与上述时间状语连用。
He has gone to Shanghai.5. 过去分词的构成规则变化：与动词过去式的规则变化相同，即在词尾加edwork-worked-worked move-moved-moved stop-stopped-stoppedstudy-studied-studied不规则变化：1）动词原形，过去式，过去分词三种形式完全相同。
北师大版八上Lesson10 Function, Speaking, Pronunciation(共42张PPT)
What’s wrong / the matter with you? ________________________________
[f] 发这个音的字母和字 母组合f, ff, ph, gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf ff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh
你应当早点睡觉。
should的否定形式为shouldn’t。如：
You shouldn’t drink coffee in the evening．
你在晚上不应当喝咖啡。
should 还可以作为助动词shall 的过去 式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭 配，表示过去将来时间。
The group leader announced that we should (= would) begin to work soon. 小组长宣布，我们不久就开始工作。
献给我们的白衣天使
1. What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？
What’s the matter with you? 相当于What’s wrong with you? 两者常用来询问人或事物 的异常情况。如：
你的自行车出了什么毛病？ What’s the matter with your bike?
4．You should get plenty of rest． 你应该好好休息。 本句中should作情态动词，用于向他人提
出建议，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任
或义务，译作“应该、应当”，这时它可
以和ought to， be supposed to 互换使用，
后面接动词原形。如：
新北师大版八年级英语上册Unit 5 Lesson10 精品课件(共29张PPT)
Which problems are most common for junior high students?
Listen to the Key Words and read.
I feel … He feels… She feels
angry
bored excited glad lonely nervous
It will be about problems and suggestions. It is a “Problem Page”.
Read the problems (1-4) and match them with the replies (a-4). Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Problem 4 Reply a
Use the Key Words to describe the people in the photos.
A
B
C
The girl in Photo A looks lonely. I think she feels sad now.
The girl in Photo B looks scared. I think she feels afraid now.
What’s wrong with him?
fight with his best friend
What’s wrong with her?
to be laughed at
Listen and read.
Key Words: Problem
health problems, learning difficulties, poor grades, problems with classmates or friends, problems with parents and grandparents, worrying about exams
八年级上册英语第五单元到第十单元语法知识总结
八年级上册英语第五单元到第十单元语法知识总结一、引言八年级上册英语第五单元到第十单元的内容涵盖了多个重要的语法知识点，包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、定语从句等。
这些语法知识在英语学习中具有重要的作用，掌握它们有助于学生提高英语水平和语言运用能力。
本文将对这五个单元的语法知识进行总结和归纳，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握这些知识点。
二、第五单元语法知识总结1. 现在完成时现在完成时是八年级上册英语第五单元的重点语法之一。
它主要用于表示过去某一时间发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
现在完成时的构成是“have/has+过去分词”。
例如：（1）I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业。
）（2）She has lived here for five years.（她在这里住了五年了。
）2. 情态动词情态动词也是八年级上册英语第五单元的重要语法之一。
情态动词用于表示说话者对某一动作或状态的态度或看法，常见的情态动词有can、may、must等。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。
例如：（1）I can swim.（我会游泳。
）（2）You must finish your homework.（你必须完成作业。
）三、第六单元语法知识总结1. 过去进行时过去进行时是八年级上册英语第六单元的重点语法之一。
它主要用于表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或状态，也可以表示过去某一段时间内的持续动作或状态。
过去进行时的构成是“was/were+现在分词”。
例如：（1）She was watching TV at eight last night.（昨天晚上八点她正在看电视。
）（2）They were playing football when I came back.（我回来时他们正在踢足球。
）2. 定语从句定语从句也是八年级上册英语第六单元的重要语法之一。
北师大版英语八年级上册Unit 5单词及短语
Unit 5 HelpingGetting Ready名词Nouns1. environment环境e.g.: An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s behavior.2. electricity电e.g.: The electricity supply had been cut off.3. community 社区；团体e.g.: The local community was shocked by the murders.动词Verbs1. protect 保护e.g.: Each company is fighting to protect its own commercial interests.2. recycle回收利用，再利用e.g.: The waste paper is baled, then sent for recycling.3. save节约；拯救e.g.: Doctors were unable to save her.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. off adv.未连接；离开prep.落下；距；从……去掉e.g.: I called him but he ran off.短语Expressions1. turn off 关掉，关闭e.g.: I often turn off the lights when I leave my room.Lesson 13 Helping Your Community名词Nouns1. helper帮手；助手e.g.: Mary is a volunteer helper.2. can金属罐e.g.: There are only two cans of soup on the shelf.3. piece块；片；段；碎片e.g.: She wrote something on a small piece of paper.4. clean-up清扫，清理e.g.: The clean-up of the river is necessary.动词Verbs1. seem 看起来；好像e.g.: It seems that it’s easier than I thought.2. litter乱扔e.g.: We shouldn’t litter in the park.形容词Adjectives1. similar 相像的，类似的e.g.: Do you ever do similar volunteer work?2. finished完成（了）e.g.: I won’t be finished for another hour.副词Adverbs1. ever 在任何时候；曾经e.g.: Nothing ever happens here.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. volunteer n.志愿者v.志愿做e.g.: Do you enjoy doing volunteer work?2. complete v.填写，完成adj.完全的e.g.: Please complete the form at the library information desk.3. notice n.通告，通知；注意v.意识到；注意e.g.: There was a notice on the board saying the class had been cancelled.4. request n., v.请求，要求e.g.: They made a request for further aid.5. reply n., v.回答，答复e.g.: He never replied to any of my letters.短语Expressions1. put up 张贴e.g.: I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom.Lesson 14 Helping Each Other名词Nouns1. textbook教科书e.g.: They used a different textbook from my old school and I didn’t have a copy.2. present礼物e.g.: We finally found a nice present for our father.3. garden花园e.g.: She was working in the garden.动词Verbs1. avoid 避免，防止e.g.: The accident could have been avoided.2. lead带路；通往e.g.: The teacher led me to the classroom and asked me to sit down beside a girl.3. dare敢于，胆敢e.g.: I knew some of the students were looking at me but I didn’t dare to look at them.4. appear出现e.g.: As I was wondering what to do, a book appeared in front of me.5. lie平躺，平放；说谎e.g.: I was lying in bed when you called me.形容词Adjectives1. polite 有礼貌的e.g.: Please be polite to our guests.副词Adverbs1. actually 事实上；实际上e.g.: Actually, it was my first day at my new school.介词Prepositions1. without 不（做某事）；不用；缺乏e.g.: They had gone two days without food.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. fight v.打架；与……斗争n.打斗e.g.: She gradually fought her way to the top of the company.2. step n.一步；迈步v.迈步；行走e.g.: It’s only a few steps further.3. copy n.一本，一册；复印件v.复制；复印e.g.: I will send you a copy of the report.4. surprise n.意想不到的事v.使惊奇，使感到意外e.g.: I have a surprise for you!5. public n.民众adj.公共的；公众的；公开的e.g.: Most of us use public transport to get to work.短语Expressions1. laugh at 嘲笑e.g.: She is not afraid to laugh at herself.2. from then on 从那以后e.g.: From then on, we became good friends.3. in public公开地e.g.: Chris often gets nervous before he makes a speech in public.Lesson 15 A Young Hero名词Nouns1. hero英雄e.g.: The hero of the novel is a ten-year old boy.2. tsunami海啸e.g.: The tsunami reached Maikhao Beach in Thailand in the morning.3. Christmas圣诞节e.g.: Two weeks before the 2004 Christmas holiday, Tilly’s teacher talked about tsunami in her geography class.4. hotel旅馆e.g.: We stayed in a hotel.5. guest客人，宾客e.g.: We have guests staying this weekend.动词Verbs1. shout 呼叫，呼喊e.g.: She shouted to her dad.2. warn 提醒注意，警告e.g.: He warned others and everyone left the beach.3. kill杀死e.g.: He tried to kill himself with sleeping pills.形容词Adjectives1. empty 空的e.g.: The hotel was empty because everyone ran away.数词Numbers1. thousand 千e.g.: The tsunami killed about eight thousand people in Thailand.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. bubble v.冒泡n.气泡e.g.: It was bubbling, too.短语Expressions1. at once 立刻e.g.: She told her mother at once.2. because of因为，由于e.g.: Because of Tilly’s warning, the hotel workers quickly helped guests get to a safer place.Communication Workshop名词Nouns1. gift礼物；天赋e.g.: The watch was a gift from my mother.2. sunglasses太阳镜，墨镜e.g.: These sunglasses are designed to reduce glare.3. statue雕塑，雕像e.g.: The statue was carved out of a single of stone.4. title题目，标题；头衔e.g.: The title is right at the top of the page.形容词Adjectives1. delicious 美味的，可口的e.g.: Everyone had some cake and it was delicious.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. dream n.梦；梦想v.做梦；梦想e.g.: I never though I could talk to my favourite pop star. It was just like a dream.2. bear n.熊v.忍受；生（孩子）e.g.: The pain was almost more than he could bear.短语Expressions1. shake hands 握手e.g.: Finally, he arrived and shook hands with us.2. show … around带……参观e.g.: Mrs Walters showed Dylan around and we followed him everywhere.3. to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是e.g.: To our surprise, he brought us a big cake.4. teddy bear玩具熊e.g.: I got a teddy bear and I really love my gift.5. get on上车e.g.: Where do we get on the bus?。
北师大版初一(上)英语第10讲：Unit Five 语法篇(学生版)--顺义刘燕
Unit Five 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 重点掌握物主代词，方位介词和there be句型的用法重点语法：一、方位介词介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。
在句中不能单独作句字成分。
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。
at ,in, on, to（1）at 表示在小地方; 表示“在……附近，旁边”（2）in 表示在大地方; 表示“在…范围之内”。
（3）on 表示毗邻，接壤（4）to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤（5）above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对;（6）over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
（7）on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
（8）under表示在…正下方（9）below表示在……下，不一定在正下方（10）at表示"在......处"，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。
（11）in表示"在......内部;在......里面"的意思。
（12）on表示"在某物的上面"，但两者互相接触。
（13）under表示"在某物垂直的正下方"，两者之间不接触。
（14）behind表示"在某物体的后面"。
（15）in front of表示"在......的前面"，正好与behind相反。
（16）near表示"在某物体的附近"，意为"接近、靠近"。
北师大版八年级英语上册 Unit 5 笔记
三、知识梳理
1. It seems that it’s dirtier than I thought. seem+ n.: He seems a nice man. seem+adj： You seem happy. seem+to do/be: I seems to have left my book at home. It seems that: It seems that they know what they’re doing. 2. Should we put up a notice there? put up 张贴，挂起，举起，建造 put up your hand 举起手; put up a building 建造大楼 3. notice 也可以作动词，意思是“注意到；留心” notice sb. do sth 注意到某人做了某事；notice sb. doing sth 注 意到某人正在做某事。如： I noticed Mr. Zhang leave the room. I noticed Mr. Zhang watering the flowers.
一、重点短语
31、help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 32、be friendly to 对…友好 33、look up 向上看 34、without thinking 不假思索 35、thousands of 成千上万的 36、3 thousand 三千 37、at that time 在那时 38、clean-up 清理 39、get to=arrive at/in= reach 到达 40、worry about 担心
Unit 5 Helping
重点知识
Learning English is like building a house. Laying a strong foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful.
北师大初二英语lesson 10
Change the sentences
The pink ruler is longer than the blue one. = The blue ruler is shorter than the pink one. The picture is nicer than that one . = The white T-shirt is larger than the yellow one. This apple is bigger than that one. = The book is thinner than the dictionary. The dictionary is heavy ier than the book. = The blue bag is dirty ier than the red bag.
slim-slimmer
beautiful-more beautiful
+more
三、比较级的其他用法: 1. 有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot,
much, even, far, rather, any等修饰时,用形
容词比较级。但very 不能修饰形容词的比
较级,只能修饰原级。如: This week is even hotter than last week.
A
B
5,315 feet
3,227 feet
Lake Baikal
the Caspian Sea
(deep) Lake Baikal is deeper than the Caspian Sea .
A
B
5,315 feet
Lake Baikal
3,227 feet
八年级上册Unit5语法知识点
八年级上册Unit5语法知识点Unit 5是英语八年级上册学习的一个重要单元，其中语法知识点是重中之重。
本文将为大家详细讲解Unit 5中的核心语法知识点，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、动词的时态动词的时态是八年级上语法中非常关键的一个知识点。
英语中动词的时态包括现在时、过去时和将来时。
现在时又包括一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时。
1.一般现在时一般现在时表示的是习惯性、经常性的动作或状态。
一般现在时的构成为：主语+动词原形（第三人称单数要加-s）。
例如：She often goes to the gym after work.2.现在进行时现在进行时表示的是正在进行的动作。
现在进行时的构成为：主语+be动词+动词ing。
例如：I am watching TV now.3.现在完成时现在完成时表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。
现在完成时的构成为：主语+have/has+过去分词。
例如：She has finished her homework.4.过去时过去时表示的是已经发生过的动作。
过去时的构成为：主语+动词过去式。
例如：We went to the park yesterday.5.将来时将来时表示的是将要发生的动作。
将来时的构成为：主语+will+动词原形。
例如：I will study hard for the test tomorrow.二、被动语态被动语态在英语语法中也是一个非常重要的知识点。
被动语态的构成为：be动词+过去分词。
被动语态的使用需要注意下面几点：1.主语是动作的承受者，谓语是做动作的人或事物。
2.一些动词不常用被动语态，如：believe、like、want、know 等。
3.有些动词本身就是不及物动词，不能使用被动语态。
例如：The book was written by him.（这本书是他写的。
）三、直接引语和间接引语直接引语是指直接引用他人的话。
例如：He said, “I’m verytired today.”间接引语则是将他人的话转述过来。
北师大版初中英语八年级上册句型讲解Unit 5 Helping(句式)
Unit 5 Helping句式精讲精练：句式精讲1. Turn off the lights/the TV.turn off 是动副结构的动词短语，意为“关闭（煤气，自来水，电灯等）”。
它的反义词为“turn on”，意为“打开”。
例如：Turn on/off the heat，please.请打开/关掉暖气。
【拓展】与turn的相关短语：（1）turn to意为“翻到，转到；求助于”。
例如：We turn to the British news now. 我们现在转到英国新闻。
（2）turn up/turn down 意为“开大，调大，出现; 关小，调小，拒绝”。
例如：He doesn’t know how to turn up/down the radio.他不知道如何开大/调低收音机的声音。
（3）turn out 意为“制造，生产；结果是”。
例如：It’s hard to predict how things will turn out. 很难预测事情会怎么样。
（4）take turns to do sth意为“轮流做某事”。
例如：We take turns to make dinner. 我们轮流做晚饭。
2. Call Miss Walker at 90239951.call意为“给……打电话”。
例如：I called my mother just now. 我刚才给妈妈打了一个电话。
call sb at+电话号码，意为“拨打……号找某人”。
例如：Please call Mary at 970-3121. 请拨打970-3121找玛丽。
【拓展】call的其他用法：(1) call意为“叫喊”，动词。
例如：Why didn’t you come out when I called your name? 当我喊你名字的时候，为什么不出来？(2) call意为“给……取名；称呼”，动词。
例如：Don’t call me Lucy, I’m Lily, we are twins. 别叫我Lucy，我是Lily，我们是双胞胎。
北师大初二英语上册重点语法Word版
北师大初二英语上册重点语法（一）一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。
通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。
如：It is going to rain.will do 结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good rest.2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me nex t Sunday?（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+doSarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?★★练一练★★根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）I’ll be better tomorrow.1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）_____________________________2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）_____________________________3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）_____________________________4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）_____________________________5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）_____________________________（二）should的用法：should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
人教版初二(上)英语第10讲：unit 5语法篇(教师版)-张晶
人教版初二（上）英语第10讲：unit 5语法篇（教师版）-张晶Unit 5 语法篇____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。
动词不定式:肯定式: to do 否定式: not to do 省略to的: do句法作用例句作宾语She wanted to borrowmy radio.作状语She went to see hergrandma last Sunday.tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事order sb. to do 命令某人做某事。
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事省略to的情况:使役动词：let, make, have感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice3、动词不定式做主语动词不定式作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。
例如：It is not easy to learn a foreign language.It took us three days to do the work.4、动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where,when 等连用，构成不定式短语。
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Unit 5语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 理解并掌握过去进行时的用法过去进行时Ⅰ一、过去进行时概念过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或一直持续的动作。
例如：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
I was staying here from March to May last year. 从去年3月到5月，我一直待在这。
二、过去进行时的构成1.was/were + doing (主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时用was，其他人称用were)，例如：昨天早上六点半，我正在吃早餐。
2. 句式变换否定句：在was/were后加not一般疑问句：was/were提前特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句They were playing basketball the whole afternoon yesterday. 昨天一整个下午，他们都在打篮球。
(变否定句；一般疑问句并做肯定、否定回答；对划线部分提问)否定句：They were not playing basketball the whole afternoon yesterday.一般疑问句：Were they playing basketball the whole afternoon yesterday?肯定/否定回答：Yes, they were. No, they were not.对划线部分提问：What were they doing the whole afternoon yesterday?3.过去进行时常用的时间状语the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等4. 过去进行时的用法(1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，与过去某一特定的时间状语连用，例如：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
(2) 表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行，持续时间长的动作常用过去进行时。
例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
(3) 在复合句中，如果主句动作和从句动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时，例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。
注意：when和while的区别when后通常用表示短暂性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态。
1. ---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.---Oh, I am sorry I _______dinner at my friend’s home.A. haveB. hadC. was havingD. have had2. The Reads________lunch when I got to their house.A. was havingB. were havingC. are havingD. is having3. What book________you______when I ______you at four yesterday afternoon?A. did; read; was seeingB. did; read; sawC. were; reading; sawD. were; reading; was seeing4. We_______for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us________.A. were waiting; waitingB. were waiting; waitingC. waited; waitingD. waited; wait5. He said he________ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.A. triesB. tiredC. will tryD. was trying基础演练一、从方框中选择恰当的词并用其恰当形式完成句子1. When I saw her yesterday, she________________the bus.2. My mother_____________my phone call. She ________________in the kitchen.3. When he knocked at the door, I ______________to the music.4. They _________________the story from 7 to 8 yesterday morning.5. I ___________with my friend on the phone at 6 yesterday evening.二、用be动词的适当形式填空1. My CD walkman ______in the room this morning. But now it______not there. I can’t find it.2. Tom _______not in the classroom now. But he_________there a moment ago.3. I _______watching TV at eight last night.4. It _______raining very hard. We’d better stay at home.三、单项选择1. When I got back home yesterday evening, my parents_______for me to have dinner.A. waitB.waitedC. were waitingD. have waited2. She was riding on ice when suddenly she_______off her bike.A. fallB. fellC. fallingD. to fall3. Mother_____________when I got home.A. cooksB. is cookingC. was cookingD. has cooked4. I _________my homework________the telephone rang at 8:00 last night.A. was doing; whenB. did; whenC. was doing; whileD. did; while5. While the woman was cleaning the room, the door________.A. openB. is openingC. openingD. opened巩固提高一、根据括号内的汉语提示用恰当的时态完成句子1. Mum____________(做饭) this time yesterday.2. What______they_______(做) at eight yesterday evening?3. When I got to the factory, the workers___________(谈论)about the film.4. Lily was dancing while Jim___________(弹) the piano.5. I ___________(走路) in the street when it began to snow.6. I ___________(读书)in my room when she came.二、根据中文提示完成句子1. 老师走进教室的时候，学生们正在谈论当天的新闻。
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students___________________________.2. —当你看见他们的时候他们在干什么？—他们在打扫教室。
---What ___________________________when you saw them?---They ______________the classroom.3. 当我离开的时候他正在画一幅世界地图。
When I left, he _______________a map of the world.4. 当我们到达教室时，Linda正在张贴通知。
Linda ______________________________________the classroom.5. 昨天我直到10点才起床。
I __________________________10:00 yesterday.三、句型转换1. Were they playing basketball outside? (作否定回答)____________________________________________________________________ 2. She was swimming in the river at that time. (变否定句)____________________________________________________________________ 3. I was cooking a meal when she rang me. (对划线部分提问)____________________________________________________________________ 4. She was having a meeting at four yesterday afternoon. (变为一般疑问句)____________________________________________________________________ 5. Were his family watching TV from ten to twelve last night? (作肯定和否定回答) ____________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1. We should pay attention to protecting the animals_________being killed.A. fromB. forC. withD. to2. ________seems difficult __________who broke the window.A. This; to find outB. It; to find outC. That; finding outD. It; finding out3. The earthquake hurt_________people and more than 35,000 got badly hurt.A. thousands ofB. thousandsC. two thousandsD. thousand of4. We are very________that many students use the Internet every day.A. surpriseB. surprisingC. surprisedD. surprises5. ---When did you_______the airport this morning? ---At half past seven.A. getB. reachC. arriveD. go6. Sam had to walk home__________he didn’t have any money for a bus ticket.A. andB. soC. untilD. because7. We don’t have much time. We________hurry.A. shouldB. canC. mayD. would8. My mother was cleaning the room while I __________TV.A. watchB. am watchingC. was watchingD. watched9. The father warned that boy________away from his daughter.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep10. ---I went to see you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but you weren’t at home.---Oh, I _________ a walk in the street.A. tookB. am takingC. will takeD. was taking二、完形填空My life is always filled with sadness and little joy. However, no matter what happens, I can always face it 1 .Last year, I couldn’t believe the 2 that I was allowed to enter the best high school in my hometown. Then I rushed home and told my parents. But my father didn’t seem as 3 as I was. He just kept smoking without saying a word and my mother put her head down and couldn’t help 4 . I knew very well what my family was like. My mum had been ill in bed for two years. We lived a hard life and I couldn’t continue my schooling. I felt so upset but I could say 5 to my parents. I decided to help my father with his work to support my 6 . To my surprise, things completely changed before the beginning of the new term. My head teacher came to my family with some money, which was 7by my schoolmates. He encouraged me, “Always have a dream.” With tears in my eyes, I stepped into the high school. I have been studying hard since I entered the high school. Whenever I meet difficulties, I always 8 my teacher and schoolmates. I have a college dream and I must work hard for it, no matter how 9 life is. Just as a great man says, “When one door shuts, 10 opens in life.”1. A. sadly B. bravely C. happily D. nervously2. A. idea B. story C. news D. thought3. A. nervous B. excited C. interested D. worried4. A. crying B. laughing C. saying D. shouting5. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything6. A. class B. school C. family D. study7. A. raised B. spent C. planned D. saved8. A. dream of B. talk of C. hear of D. think of9. A. interesting B. joyful C. hard D. sad10. A. other B. another C. each D. both_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1. ---_______did you study in London? ---For about three years.A. How farB. How longC. How muchD. How often2. Paris is a good place to go sightseeing. Mike ___________ a vacation there next summer.A. is takingB. takesC. tookD. take3. Laura, you_________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.A. canB. mayC. needn’tD. shouldn’t4. My best friend Tony is outgoing and he makes me_________every day.A. laughB. laughsC. laughingD. to laugh5. I asked two students about their hobbies. ________of them like swimming.A. AllB. OneC. BothD. Each(附：单选1-5, 2019-2019海淀区八年级第一学期期末练习英语)二、阅读理解ATo make sure that you enjoy your visit to the Hot Spring (温泉) and that you are safe during your visit, please take time to read the following.Do not put your head under the hot water because it may be bad for your health.Do not leave your children alone.Do not leave your things about. Just ask one of the workers to look after your things.Do not eat or drink anything in the area because we want to keep it clean. There is a place for you to eat and have soft drinks when you have a rest.Do not bring anything that is made of glass because it is easily broken when you fall.Do not smoke in the area.Do not stay in the sunlight for too long.We hope that you will enjoy your visit here.1. The notice is written for__________.A. visitorsB. childrenC. workersD. managers2. According to the notice, you can____________.A. put your head under the hot waterB. leave your clothes and drinks aboutC. bring a bottle that is made of glassD. ask a worker to look after your things3. The purpose(目的) of this notice is_______________________.A. to ask people to visit a placeB. to make people know the areaC. to tell visitors what not to doD. to tell visitors to have a restBIt was a sunny winter day. I was going down the tower when a blind man came toward me. He keptclose to the wall, touching it lightly with his arm. I stood still and looked at him walking toward the tower.“What does a blind man want to climb up the tower for?”I wondered. “Not the view ( 景色) certainly, perhaps he wants to jump.” Thinking of this terrible reason, I thought I should follow him.He went up slowly and stopped from time to time. I followed him a few steps behind. When he got to the first corner of the bell tower, I came close to him. “Excuse me,” I said as politely as I could, “but I wonder why you came up.”“You’d never guess.” he said.“Not the view or the fresh air on this winter day?”“No,” he said.“Tell me, then.”He smiled, “Perhaps climbing up the tower. You have noticed-and yet, not being blind, perhaps you won’t how the sun shines into the tower through the windows here a nd there, so that one can feel the cool steps suddenly become quite warm, even in winter. But behind the wall there is shade (阴影). There is no place so good as this for feeling the difference between light and darkness. Though I’m blind, I also want to feel the happiness brought by the sunlight. In fact, it isn’t my first time to be here.” He said and seemed as pleased as a child.I had never thought that even a blind man could have his way to enjoy the beautiful life. But we often paid no attention to its value because we never lost it.We went down the tower together and I left him. From then on, I began to treasure(珍视) what life has given me.4. The writer met the blind man on__________.A. a sunny winter dayB. a rainy winter dayC. a sunny summer dayD. a rainy summer day5. The writer thought the blind man wanted to____________.A. see the viewB. breathe the fresh airC. warm himselfD. jump off the tower6. What did the writer learn from the blind man?A. To take exerciseB. To feel happinessC. To enjoy sunlightD. To treasure lifeCNever try to work when you are very hungry. If you decide to do your homework right after school, you may get something to eat before getting to work. Always do your homework before you get too tired. Don’t wait until very late in the evening, or your work will seem much harder than it really is.If you have more than an hour’s work, give yourself a break after an hour. On the other hand, don’t break it up so much that you can’t get anything done you should be able to work at least a half at a time without stopping.Don’t put it off until the last minute. If you put off doing your homework, you will have it on your mind, and you won’t enjoy your free time so much. If you put it off until the end of the week or until right before a test, you will have too much catching up to do. A little bit each night enough to keep up with what is happening each day in school, will take the fear out of tests and keep you on top of it all.Do your homework at the same time every evening. This will help you make it a habit. It will make it easier to do and it will make your free time more enjoyable, as well.7. If we wait very late in the evening, our work will ___________.A. become a bit hardB. seem much harderC. look very easyD. go to so much trouble8. Some students in schools won’t enjoy their free time so much because they ___________.A. have to do their homework each nightB. will have too much catching up to doC. never finish their homework in timeD. want to keep up with what is happening in school9. How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?A. Five.B. Four.C. Three.D. Two.10. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to spend your free time.B. How to do your homework.C. Some good habits at home.D. Some don’t do and do in schools.第 11 页。