英语写作手册diction(课堂ppt)
英语写作手册精品PPT课件
ask
time
land is less precise but more literary and emotive than country.
English is particularly rich in synonyms as a result of incorporating words from other language over the centuries.
denotative and connotative
Country means an area of land and its population and its government,
nation emphasizes the people of a country,
state refers to the government or political organization of a country, and
Neutral — ‘Eating is not allowed here.’ Informal — ‘Please don’t eat here.’
Colloquial — ‘You can’t feed your face here.’ Slang — ‘Lay off the nosh 小吃.’ Taboo — ‘Lay off the fucking nosh.’
1. Lev文章是否能收到预期 的效果致关重要。在锤炼和选择词语时，除了文章的 主题、思想内容、写作目的和读者对象等以外，还必 须考虑与之相适应的语言层次( levels of language )。
所谓语言层次，一般可归结为规范英语( standard English)和非规范英语( sub-standard English)。
英语翻译与写作-Diction
英语翻译与写作-Diction第一篇：英语翻译与写作-DictionDictionλ the proper choice of words and phrases in the process of translation to fit their context λ Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word1.According to word-formation: compounding, derivation, blending, acronym formation, clipping⎫ compounding(合成法): generation gap, summer time(夏令时), test-tube baby(试管婴儿),brain-drain(人才外流), picturephone(可视电话), soft-landing economy(软着陆经济)credit card(信用卡), pocket money(零用钱), greenhouse effect(温室效应) ⎫ derivation（派生法）: non-friend(假朋友), antifreeze(抗冻剂), preschooler(学龄前儿童),⎫blending(拼缀法): comsat(communication + satellite,通讯卫星), lunarnaut(lunar + astronaut,登月宇宙航行员), Chinglish(Chinese + English,汉式英语) ⎫ acronym formation(首字母缩略法)：PC(personal computer, 个人电脑), CALL(computer-aided language learning, 计算机辅助语言学习), CIA(the Central Intelligence Agency,中央情报局)⎫clipping（截缩法）: ad(advertisement), homo(homosexuality),memo(memorandum), bus(omnibus), flu(influenza)2.According to the references(1)third-person pronounsHe sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.(2)demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbsHealth is above wealth, for this cannot give so muchhappiness as that.(3)references of comparisonI hate blue shirts;white shirts suit me but gray is the most preferable.3.According to the context and collocation ⎫No context, no translation.e.g.I’ll finish the book next week.Tension is building up.⎫Each word, when used in a new context, is a new word.As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.The war is becoming the most important story of this generation.It is quite another story now.Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.What a story!I don’t believe a word of it.The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV.在这种情况下 under such circumstances / such being the case这种情况必须改变。
英语写作手册diction(课堂PPT)
denotative and connotative
Country means an area of land and its population and its government,
nation emphasizes the people of a country,
state refers to the government or political organization of a country, and
good food: tasty, delicious, nourishing, rich, wholesome, fresh, appetizing, abundant
house: mansion, villa, chateau, cottage, bungalow带 走廊的平房, cabin, hut, shack小室, shanty棚屋, shed 货棚, barn
laugh: smile, grin, beam微笑示意, giggle咯咯地笑, titter嗤笑, snigger窃笑, chuckle吃吃地笑, guffaw狂笑, chortle得意的高笑
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It is easy to see that the specific words on the right are much more concrete and colorful than the general ones on the left; they seem to make the reader see, hear, or feel what the writer wishes to describe.
A student learning to write should learn to use the words that are most useful and most often used to express him.
Lecture 2 manuscript form 《英语写作手册》丁往道编 外研社
★ Do not begin a line with a comma, a period, etc.
★ Do not end a line with the first half of a pair of brackets, quotation marks, or parentheses.
Summary—Arrangement
11.capitalize v. ['kæpɪtəlaɪz]
12.capital n.
13. lower v.
14. lowercase n. [,ləʊə'keɪs]
标点符号 并列连词
大写 大写字母
小写 小写字母
I. Arrangement
1.Margin 2.Indentation 3.Punctuation
II.Handwriting Principles of Handwriting
1. Write clearly, neatly and legibly. 2. Clearly distinguish between capitals
Excercise
Find out what is wrong in the manuscript form of the following paragraph.
For city dwellers, dragon lanterns can be seen only on grand ceremonies on TV. In my hometown, however , putting on a dragon latten show is a very popular per -formance. To celebrate the Spring Festival, many villages make preparations for the dragon lantern show( special food, religious sacrifice…).
第6讲 Diction(2)
Dictionary is always an inevitable tool in translation, but very often the definition that it provides does not fit into the context. In this case you have to be flexible and extend the meaning of the given word according to the context for the sake of logic and collocation.
@ Zeng Wenhua
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提出问题 raise a question 提出申请 file an application 提出辞呈 tender / hand in one’s resignation 提出警告 give a warning
@ Zeng Wenhua
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V. / N. / Adj. + Prep. Introduction solution impact advantage 他们请我吃鱼。 to They treated me with fish. 这台机器靠电运转。 on This machine runs by electricity. 他上衣里穿了件毛衣。 He wore a sweater inside his coat. underneath
review
Donald was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. Miss Davis felt greatly flattered when she received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 唐纳德说这位先生是他所见到过的最有胆识 的人，这种阿谀奉承 阿 奉承未免过于露骨。 戴维斯小姐接到去作演讲的邀请时, 感到非常 荣幸。 荣幸
初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件(96张PPT)【完美版】
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初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
苏州
初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
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初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
扬州
初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
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初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
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初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
课标要求
英语课程标准对初中毕业生写的技能的 目标要求是：能根据写作要求，收集、 准备素材；能独立起草短文、短信等， 并在教师的指导下进行修改；能使用常 见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；能简 单描述人物和事件； 能根据所给图示 或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。
缺乏思维开发 为了到达处理实际事物而写作的目的，在格式体例相对稳定的前提下，作者 的观点显得尤为重要。如果教师在课堂上设计的问题只是停留于对范文的表 层理解和梳理范文框架的话，学生缺乏深层次的思维活动，写出来的文章大 多千篇一律。
缺乏反思评价 由于课堂时间有限，课堂节奏紧凑，教师将精力主要放在写作前的启发引导 和留足时间给学生当堂写作，往往忽略反思评价这一环节。但修改和评价作 文的过程恰恰是提高写作质量的有效环节，通过写作学习写作。当下作文评 价出现“重教师批改，轻同伴影响；重显性分数，轻隐性反思”的现象。
初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
英语写作之训练方法
初中英语作文写作教与学优秀课件（9 6张PPT ）【完 美版】
Unit3-翻译的用词DictionPPT课件
5. 他这个人有意思。
6. 她的话真没意思。
7. 这是我们的一点小意思。
8. 这个女生对她的英语老师有了意思。
9. 他的讲话虽然简短但是非常有意思。
10. 我没2021/4有/8 要改变主意的意思。
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1. What do you mean ? 2. In my opinion , it’s better not to go. 3. It looks like rain. 4. Dancing is a lot of fun 5. He is rather humorous. 6. This is our little gift as a token of our appreciation. 7. I have not idea of changing my mind. 8. The girl student behaved amorously towards her
cut
说； 讲； 谈； 诉
无对等：
部分对等：
Teenager; clock-watcher; Marry; gun; sister;
overkill; plumber
morning
阴； 2021/4/8 阳； 目不识丁
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Have try
1. Sweet potato.
甜土豆 （白薯、山芋）
2. He is a small potato. 他是个小人物/萝卜头
第一部分——词汇翻译： Translation techniques
Diction-选词用字 Amplification-增益 Omission-省略 Conversion-转换 Restructuring-词序调整 Negation-正说反译,反说正译
英语写作手册-unit3PPT课件
• A. He said, “I have found the key.” • B. He said, “I think you and I should be friedns.”
2021/7/24
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2. 说明语插在中间将直接引语分成 前后两部分
• 2.1 当直接引语的前一部分不能构成意思完整 的句子时， 说明语后用逗号， 如：
2021/7/24
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练习
• “Is your cab available?” I asked when he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, “I’m sorry, but I was reading a letter.” He sounded as if he had a cold or something. “I’m in no hurry,” I told him. “Go ahead and finish your letter.” He shook his head. “I’ve read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart.” “Letters from home always mean a lot,” I said. “At least they do with me because I’m on the road so much.” Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed，“From a child or maybe a grandchild?” “This isn’t family,” he replied. “Although,” he went on, “come to think of it, it might just as well have been family. Old Ed was my oldest friend. In fact, we used to call each other ‘Old Friend’ — when we’d meet, that is. I’m not much of a hand at writing.”
初中英语作文写作教与学课件详解96张99页PPT
11、获得的成功越大，就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因， 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获，只问耕耘。如同种树 ，先有 根茎， 再有枝 叶，尔 后花实 ，好好 劳动， 不要想 太多， 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰，因 为不实 践，甚 至不接 触社会 ，难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕，不悔(虽然只有四个字，但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己， 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体， 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米，如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽； 单身汉 不会娶 妻，如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ；商人 或手艺 人不会 工作， 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
1、最灵繁的人也看不见自己的背脊。——非洲 2、最困难的事情就是认识自己。——希腊 3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。——黑塞 4、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。——周恩来 5、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。——培根
英语写作教程(第一册)课件L1-2 manuscript form
Proper nouns are the names of specific people, places, or things.
1. Names and nicknames of people 2. Names of particular places
John F. Kennedy, Stonewall Jackson Asia, the U.S.A., the Great Lakes
4. Use numerals more than two words long.
The largest commercial bank today may offer over 200 separate financial services.
Note: When one number immediately precedes another in a sentence, spell out the first, and use a numeral for the second. two 11-year cycles
3.Capitalize names that show family relationship.
Will you come with me, Granny? Thank you, Father.
4. Capitalize proper nouns and their abbreviations;
➢ “My trip to Mount Tai,” he said, “was interesting lize opening and closing of a letter.
Dear Sir: Sincerely yours,
Dear Mr. Carpenter: Truly yours,
Diction
6
My Advice to Undergraduates
1. To avoid this dilemma, I have some advice to the undergraduates. 2. (1) First, study as hard as you can. (2) Second, get a part-time job which is related to the job you want to get in the future. 3. If the undergraduates prepare themselves well for the job-hunting, they will have more chances to find a good job after graduation.
one sentence a day
1
2
remove the barrier for
Machine translation has removed the barrier for communication between people who do not share the same language.
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Because of the severe competition in the job market, it's quite difficult to get a decent job for a college graduate. Many college students complain that graduation means the coming of unemployment. To avoid this d ile m m a, I ha ve som e adv ic e to th e undergraduates.
英语写作手册课件ppt
04
Common problems and solutions in
English writing
Improve use of vocabulary
Summary: Improper use of vocabulary
Puncturation usage
• Punctuation application
• Punctuation is an indispensable part of English writing, as it accurately expresses the tone, logic, and emphasis of an article. Using punctuation marks such as commas, periods, and exclamation marks correctly can make the article clearer and easier to read. It is recommended to pay attention to the use of punctuation in writing and be familiar with the usage and rules of various punctuation.
Detailed description: Students often encounter problems with improper vocabulary usage in English writing, such as using rare words, spelling errors, or confusing meanings.
Lecture 6 Style and Diction 英语专业写作 教学课件
• 5) An article for an English newspaper of your university.
• Either moderate or informal depending on the topic
II. Specificity
(general) • Last term he received two F’s and a
D. (specific)
• “Specific” and “general” are relative. A word may be specific compared with one other word, and general compared with a second. As you can see in the following diagram, a general term can be made specific by a modifier that restricts the reference to a particular member of the group.
• 5）the intimate style (亲昵体).
• The intimate style, showing a very close relationship, may be used between family members, lovers, etc. These styles can be arranged on a scale showing decreasing formality.
• (3) Subject matter (which may be about serious political issues, an academic subject, a film, a new sweater, swimming, or food.)
初中英语作文写作教与学课件(96张PPT)
优秀ppt公开课ppt免费课件下载免费 课件初 中英语 作文写 作教与 学课件 （96张 PPT）
《英语课标（2017）版》把思维品质列为 英语学科核心素养，并将其界定为“思维 在逻辑性、批判性、创新性等方面所表现 的能力和水平”。在英语学习中，学生的 思维活动随处可见。培养和发展学生的思 维品质，就是通过进行观察、比较、分析 、推断、归纳、建构、评价、创新等思维 方式的训练，增强思维的逻辑性、批判性 和创新性，提高思维品质。
南京市玄武区教师发展中心 黄莺
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热身运动
2018江苏五市中考英语作文
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泰州
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苏州
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扬州
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无锡
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优秀ppt公开课ppt免费课件下载免费 课件初 中英语 作文写 作教与 学课件 （96张 PPT）
南京
优秀ppt公开课ppt免费课件下载免费 课件初 中英语 作文写 作教与 学课件 （96张 PPT）
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优秀ppt公开课ppt免费课件下载免费 课件初 中英语 作文写 作教与 学课件 （96张 PPT）
英文写作任务趋势
通过文本呈现写作要点； 强调文章逻辑及语言流畅； 主张美词美句及句型多样化； 重视对学生思维品质的评价。 改变写作要求 “对” ——“美”
优秀ppt公开课ppt免费课件下载免费 课件初 中英语 作文写 作教与 学课件 （96张 PPT）
英语写作之训练方法
优秀ppt公开课ppt免费课件下载免费 课件初 中英语 作文写 作教与 学课件 （96张 PPT）
优秀ppt公开课ppt免费课件下载免费 课件初 中英语 作文写 作教与 学课件 （96张 PPT）
科学的训练方法
读
背
练
英语写作基础教程(第三版)Chapter 1 PPT
be avoided
lay∙man words
with hyphens should be divided only at phens
பைடு நூலகம்
broken -hearted
two -syllable words with double consonant in
the middle are as rule divided between the
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
一、Manuscript Form
1. Arrangement (title)
Task 1 : Capitalize the following titles (p2) 1. where i lived, and what i lived for 2. are transgenic crops safe? 3. well-known dramatists of the ming dynasty 4. a day to remember 5. approaches to teaching english as a foreign
一、Manuscript Form
2. Word division (1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节
(2). two or more syllables 双/多音节
a stressed close syllable usually takes a
nouns e.g. Bob, Lily, Judy - none of them know where he is. (5) used like quotation marks in a dialogue. (6) introduce subheading and authors after quotation
Lecture2 Diction
Lecture2DictionPart1Varieties of English1.1Variation in English1.2Style&Register(P14)Formal spokenAddress at Gettysburg,1863Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation,or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure…....It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain;that this nation,under God,shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the earth.1.3Spoken&written(1a—6b,P14)Spoken:More informal,More personal,Less concise,Less organizedActive voice,Simple connectors,wordyWritten:More formal,More impersonal,More precise,Economical in the use of words,Passive voice,Complex connectors,conciseMore example:(a)Cleared,the site would be very valuable.(b)If it were cleared,the site would be very valuable.(written)1.4Formal&InformalWord choice(a)The concert concluded with a performance of Beethoven’s5th symphony.(formal)(b)They ended the concert with Beethoven’s5th symphony.Grammar use(a)Bill speaks French more fluently than I.(formal)(b)Bill speaks French more fluently than me.1.5General EnglishA middle course between formal and informal levelsUsually the best choice for college or business writingFormal general informalAutomobile car wheelsVisage face mugOdious offensive grossAttire clothes threadsSpectacles glasses specsIn your dictionary,you may find special usage labels for words or particular definitions of words that differ from the general English vocabulary.Word usage label meaning1.Unalienable archaic,obsolete inalienable2.Nowheres nonstandard,colloquial nowhere3.Copper slang police officer1.6Ex:ConsistencyAppropriate diction requires a consistent style.Writers should not mix formal and informal language.For example(Ex.1,P20):1.Please let me express my gratitude for having been a guest at your house last Saturday night.I had bags of fun that evening.(mixed)…………………I enjoyed the evening enormously.dies and gentlemen,it’s awfully nice to see you here.(mixed)Ladies and gentlemen,it’s so nice to see you here.3.Do you take this chap to be your lawfully wedded husband?(mixed)Do you take this young man to be your lawfully wedded husband?Part2Meanings of Words2.1Denotation&ConnotationDenotation:Dictionary meaning;Literal meaning that most readers would agree on Connotation:Overtones or implied meaningsWINTER“Winter”denotes“the coldest season of the year,regarded in the North Temperate Zone as including the months of December,January,&February.”ughter drives winter from the mind.(sadness)2.She gave a wintry greeting to her colleagues.(cold)“Winter”also connotes many feelings or ideas as“bitter,cold,icy,barren,chill, white,dead trees,snow,&dormant(stop growing but alive)”at the same time.2.2Words can be labeled commendatory,neutral or derogatory.1.Slender--thin--skinny2.Plump--fat--obese3.Fragrance--smell--odor--stench2.3The words we choose show our attitude.The skinny woman slinked in.The slender girl glided in.Both sentences describe the same event but show different attitudes.So graceful was the ballerina that she just seemed to__glide____.2.4Pay attention to both the literal and suggestive meaning;otherwise our words may clash.E.g.The speaker manipulated the members of the audience by presenting the evidence to refute their arguments.Revised:The speaker convinced the members of the audience by presenting the evidence to refute their arguments.Or:The speaker manipulated the members of the audience by presenting only the evidence that would disprove their arguments.Part3Figurative LanguageWriters use figurative language to draw a comparison between two things that are essentially different but alike in some underlying and surprising way.In this way,they add vigor to their prose.The two chief figures of speech are simile and metaphor.3.1Similes use“like”or“as”1.For a diligent student,failing to pass the final exam is like a sudden death.2.A person who gains knowledge but fails to put it into practice is like someone who ploughs a field but does not sow it.Explain the similes1.Words are like bees:they have both honey and a sting.Words may both hurt and please people.3.2Metaphors imply a comparison without using“like”or“as”1.Karen was a Fourth of July firecracker,exploding out of the house after doing her chores.2.A child’s mind is a bank—whatever you put in,you get back in ten years with interest.Explain the metaphors1.Family life in my parents’home was based upon a cosmic order:Papa was the sun; Mamma,the moon;we kids,minor satellites.In my family,Papa was the most important;Mama,the second most important,and we kids the least important.2.Dress is language.Our dress tells other people much about our personality.Figurative headlines in the sports section of local papersRaiders Pillage JetsTigers Claw BearsLakers Drown TrojansCowboys Whip TigersJets Blast DolphinsThunder Wither MayflowerPart4Using Appropriate Words4.1general&specificGood writers help their readers follow the meaning by balancing general words—those that refer to groups or classes of things—with specific words—those that refer to individual things.Specific words are often concrete words;they name things we can see,hear,touch, taste,or smell.For example:Doctor---physician,surgeon,dentistBad---evil,wicked,notorious,harmful,unfavorableWalk---creep,tiptoe,limp4.2Make the abstract specific!Happiness is a cancelled8:00class on a cold,rainy morning.Panic is realizing that next Wednesday’s test is this Wednesday.4.3Principles of word preferencee a vivid verb1.The boy walked into the classroom.The boy staggered into the classroom.2.I don’t care for noodles and choose not to eat them.I hate noodles and refuse to eat them.4.3.2.To communicate,not to impressJohn displayed an element of delight over the acquisition of a stereo system of unquestionable quality.Revised:John was thrilled to buy a high-quality stereo system.4.3.3.To show,not to tellMatthew put up a good fight against the bully.Revised:Matthew blooded the bully’s face and knocked him down twice before getting knocked out.4.4Common wording problems4.4.1Using the wrong word1.I have been very alone(lonely)today.2.There is an alive(live)snake on the road.4.4.2Failure to choose the best word1.I did(made)a mistake during the exam.4.4.3Using the wrong form1.He was sending(sent)to school when he was six.2.Mrs.Jones helps me how to revise a sentence.Mrs.Jones helps me to revise a sentence.4.4.4Using words that do not go togetherAccuse with(of)Accustom with(to)Adhere in(to)Angry at a person(with)Apologize about(for)Bored of(with)Comply to(with)4.4.5Redundancy1.The reason why we honor Lincoln in these various ways is because he saved the Union.We honor Lincoln because he saved the Union.2.There are four strangers pounding on the door.Four strangers are pounding on the door.课后练习及答案（P20-23)1.The following sentences are not consistent in style.Improve them.1)Please let me express my gratitude for having been a guest at your house last Saturdaynight.I had bags of fun that evening.2)Ladies and gentlemen,it’s awfully nice to see you here.3)Do you take this chap to be your lawfully wedded husband?4)He was in deep sorrow because his father had kicked the bucket.5)The old guy is impoverished.2.Change the colloquial expressions into more formal ones.1)The police are looking into the matter.2)She had realized her own difficult things.3)We must use the available natural resources.4)Guys in the South of Chinese speak in a different way from people in the North.5)We want to report them to the police.6)The police asked me if I have a gun.7)Tom’s unhappy married life ended in divorce.8)They have found many spelling errors.9)The buying power of the dollar has declined.10)She’s never on time for appointments.3.Write the letter of the word pair with the same relationship as the word pair in capital letters.1)Cause:effectA)drought:famine B)plumber:wrench C)baker:bread D)oak:tree2)Metal:copperA)zinc:tin B)court:lawyer C)shellfish:oyster D)ruler:measure3)Beetle:InsectA)snow:precipitation B)rodent:squirrel C)fish:bowl D)cup:saucer4)Prophet:futureA)genius:math B)strategy:coach C)architect:drawing D)historian:past5)Interview:hireA)talk:discussion B)run:marathon C)meeting:decide D)game:compete6)Flour:breadA)debt:payment B)farmer:land C)shoe:sole D)cloth:flag7)Racket:tennisA)calculator:accountant B)bow:archeryC)fencing:sword D)uniform:soldier8)Flower:tulipA)deer:buffalo B)plumber:wrench C)automobile:sedan D)oak:tree9)Result:outcomeA)real:genuine B)sword:shield C)wood:desk D)team:victory10)Writer:bookA)salesman:cashier B)preacher:churchC)ship:sailor D)composer:symphony4.Pick the word choice whose connotation is more appropriate.1)The snow(buried,blanketed)the mountains,inviting more tourists.2)So neat were the dinner guests that only a few(foul,unclean)napkins were left.3)As soon as danger threatened,the sentry(abandoned,left)his post.4)Our freshmen English teacher would(flatter,praise)us only when we had clearly madeprogress.5)The defendant was judged not responsible for the crime since he was temporarily(insane,crazy).e more specific and concrete words for the italicized1)I think Professor Smith is a bad teacher.2)Our college provided the students with some fine programs.3)It was a cold morning.4)I like my English teacher because she has a nice character.5)After a day’s hard work,I walked towards my apartment.6.Give out the specific words.1)see:2)get:3)trees:4)flowers:5)money:Key to exercises in Chapter21.The following sentences are not consistent in style.Improve them.1)had bags of fun that evening→enjoyed the evening enormously2)awfully→so4)kick the bucket→died5)guy→man3)chap→youngman2.Change the colloquial expressions into more formal ones.1)look into→investigate2)thing→situation3)use→utilize4)guys→people5)want→intend6)have→possess7)end→terminate 8)many→numerous9)buy→purchase10)on time→punctual3.Write the letter of the word pair with the same relationship as the word pair in capital letters.1)A2)C3)A4)D5)C6)D7)B8)C9)A10)D4.Pick the word choice whose connotation is more appropriate1)blanketed2)unclean3)abandoned4)praise5)insane。